Eden Fall 2020
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Fall 2020 Journal of the California Garden & Landscape History Society Volume 23, Number 4 JOURNAL OF THE CALIFORNIA GARDEN & LANDSCAPE HISTORY SOCIETY EDEN EDITORIAL BOARD Editor: Steven Keylon Editorial Board: Keith Park (Chair), Kate Nowell, Ann Scheid, Susan Schenk, Libby Simon, Noel Vernon Consulting Editors: Marlea Graham, Barbara Marinacci Regional Correspondents: Sacramento: Carol Roland-Nawi San Diego: Vonn Marie May San Francisco Bay Area: Janet Gracyk Graphic Design: designSimple.com Submissions: Send scholarly papers, articles, and book reviews to the editor: [email protected] Memberships/Subscriptions: Join the CGLHS and receive a subscription to Eden. Individual $50 • Family $75 Sustaining $150 and above Student $20 Nonprofit/Library $50 Visit www.cglhs.org to join or renew your membership. Or mail check to California Garden & Landscape History Society, PO Box 220237, Newhall, CA 91322-0237. Questions or Address Changes: [email protected] CGLHS BOARD OF DIRECTORS President: Christine E. O’Hara Vice President: David Laws Recording Secretary: Nancy Carol Carter Contents Membership Officer: Antonia Adezio Treasurer: Judy Horton Directors at large: Kelly Comras, Keith Park, Ann Scheid, “The Landscape Architect Cannot Come Later!” Libby Simon, Jennifer Trotoux, Janet Gracyk Richard Neutra’s Faith in Landscape. Past President: Steven Keylon Dr. Barbara Lamprecht ..........................................................................................................................4 HONORARY LIFE MEMBERS William Hammond Hall: VLT Gardner Marlea Graham, Editor emerita Still The Unsung Father of Golden Gate Park William A. Grant (Founder) Christopher Pollock ........................................................................................................................... 32 Barbara Marinacci David Streatfield The California Fan Palm: Living on the French Riviera The California Garden & Landscape History Society (CGLHS) is a nonprofit Vonn Marie May .................................................................................................................................46 501(c)(3) membership organization devoted to celebrating the beauty and diversity of California’s historic gardens and landscapes; promoting wider Paul J. Howard’s Enduring Horticultural Legacy knowledge, preservation, and restoration of California’s historic gardens and Aleli Balaguer .....................................................................................................................................54 landscapes; organizing study visits to historic gardens and landscapes as well as to relevant archives and libraries; and offering opportunities for a lively interchange among members at meetings, garden visits, and other events. Eden: Journal of the California Garden & Landscape History Society (ISBN 1524-8062) is published quarterly. Subscription is a benefit of CGLHS membership. Above: Soon after the Kuhns House was completed in 1964, Richard Neutra visited to help with interior paint selections, © 2020 California Garden & Landscape History Society recalled the young daughter, then Laura Kuhns. With his wife Dione, Neutra often visited his houses and clients; here he is California Garden & Landscape History Society The Grace Miller residence in Palm Springs, 1937. The flagstone pavers temper the irrevocable boundary between looking up at the house from the hillside below. Photo by John P.O. Box 220237, Newhall, CA 91322-0237 “Die Wüste,” as Neutra referred to the native desert, and the (very!) suburban lawn, imported from the East Coast. Lary Kuhns, courtesy Laura Kuhns Moody and Scott Moody. www.cglhs.org Julius Shulman photographer. © J. Paul Getty Trust. Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles (2004.R.10). 2 Eden: Journal of the California Garden & Landscape History Society Fall 2020 • Vol. 23, No. 4 3 “The Landscape Architect Cannot Come Later!” Richard Neutra’s Faith in Landscape DR. BARBARA LAMPRECHT In Mystery and Realities of the Site, Neutra wrote that “the living space sweeps on through and reaches out for miles until finally it is closed off by the mountains. At the Tremaine House in Montecito, the mountain, indeed, is the back wall of this stupendous living room.” Note the two “Boomerang” chairs on the elegant terrace, chairs Neutra designed in 1942 for the low-cost wartime housing known as Channel 4 Eden: Journal of the California Garden & Landscape History Society Heights and later introduced for the “do-it-yourselfer” in Woman’s Day in April 1942. Julius Shulman Fall 2020 • Vol. 23, No. 4 5 photographer. © J. Paul Getty Trust. Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles (2004.R.10). Today there is overwhelming evidence that environments containing horizon line, copses of trees, expanses of brush Neutra’s Faith in Landscape and grasses and bodies of water, was associated qualities of nature foster human well-being. Richard Neutra fused his Less than three months before his death, with with survival. According to some evolution- the very first words of his inaugural speech to ary biologists, cognitive neuroscientists, and early training in gardening, landscape design, and especially nineteenth- the annual meeting of the American Society of landscape theorists, because our brains and century landscape theory with his lifelong study of evolutionary Landscape Architects (ASLA) on January 24, bodies retain that ancestry, such qualities must 1970, Richard Neutra (1892–1970) linked appear in contemporary settings in order to biology, neuroscience, Gestalt aesthetics, psychology, and especially ancient settings with the work of contempo- realize our full humanity and to harness all rary landscape architects.2 “Why,” he asked his our senses. Neutra ardently believed this to “experimental psychology,” disciplines that proved a quantitative audience, “is Uganda, this country in central be the case and sought to incorporate such relationship between the senses and the environment.1 Neutra’s genius East Africa, important to landscape architects? qualities in his work. Because as we now know, from Mr. Leakey and At that same 1970 lecture to the ASLA, was in recognizing that these two disciplines were often saying the same Ardrey and others, this is the country of origin Neutra urged landscape architects to take more responsibility for human well-being.4 Above: Neutra came to California things from vastly different places. His architecture harnesses that of the human species … Humans came down for many reasons, chief among from the crowns of the trees, walking over the For example, while “living walls” are quite them that it embodied an “ancient convergence. While his cool, sleek forms are canonically Modern, his meadows of Uganda.”3 Neutra was referring fashionable today, Neutra ushered nature into anthropological memory [of its] to what is known as the Savanna Hypothesis, the office corridor a half-century ago, calling “salubrious African incubator.” is an ideology of biology. This essay illuminates his work in Southern for “building living walls, hydroponic walls.” (Nature Near, 1982, 30.) The savanna which argues that components of the land- included the horizon, copses of California, including a gallop tour of his early training in Europe that scape on which humans evolved are part of Notably, these walls were not just to be visually diaphanous trees, bodies of water, our genetic ancestry. That landscape, which alive with greenery “drowning in chlorophyll,” and grasslands: nature near, mid- framed and fed his exquisite approach to “the site.” included broad, open views extending to the but to also release oxygen and to appeal to the range, and distant. 6 Eden: Journal of the California Garden & Landscape History Society Fall 2020 • Vol. 23, No. 4 7 Right: Neutra sporting an unusual – and temporary – ornament: a beard. Julius Shulman photographer. © J. Paul Getty Trust. Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles (2004.R.10). Opposite: The first and last time Neutra employed a literal image (a scarab beetle, popular during the Egyptian Revival of the 1920s) to develop a site plan. Plan, Richard Neutra, Luckenwalde Waldfriedhof, Luckenwalde, Germany, 1921. Courtesy Neutra Institute for the Survival Through Design (NISTD); Courtesy Richard and Dion Neutra Papers, Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, UCLA. ear. With “the auditory sounds of twittering (Although he vigorously made his case for the away the “sentimental romance” of the British, birds and insects—they are very interesting positive “various behavioral and biological and the garden as the “formal plaything” of too—they make pedestrianism possible, plau- issues involved,” the courthouse administra- the French, he firmly realigned the entire pur- sible … Even the walk to the bathroom should tors declined.8) pose of landscape, as a “biologically minded be pleasant.”5 Neutra’s speech to American landscape appreciation of the soil, in which all life is Neutra knew something about this, architects crowned a long relationship with rooted and must remain rooted, to succeed.”11 having presented that very suggestion to the the discipline. In a 1937 exhibition, “Con- Citing the Japanese approach to landscape administrators of his Orange County Court- temporary Landscape Architecture and its (his preference since his triumphal visit to house, Santa Ana, 1967.6 He also urged the Sources,” the San Francisco Museum of Art Japan in 1930), he notes that the “planting administrators to enrich spaces typically over- explored the possibilities of a new, Modern of