Neglected Infectious Diseases: Mechanism of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Immune Response
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Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases Neglected Infectious Diseases: Mechanism of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Immune Response Guest Editors: Eliete Caló Romero, Fabiana Pimenta, and Décio Diament Neglected Infectious Diseases: Mechanism of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Immune Response Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases Neglected Infectious Diseases: Mechanism of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Immune Response Guest Editors: Eliete Calo´ Romero, Fabiana Pimenta, and Decio´ Diament Copyright © 2012 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, pro- vided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board Fernando Abad-Franch, Brazil Winston Ko, Taiwan Oral Oncul, Turkey Mohamed Abdel-Wahab, USA Diamantis Kofteridis, Greece S. P. Pani, India Kamruddin Ahmed, Japan Massimiliano Lanzafame, Italy Stephane´ Picot, France George J. Alangaden, USA A. Martin Lerner, USA Mathias Wilhelm Pletz, Germany Rashida Barakat, Egypt Frank D. Lowy, USA Sanjay Revankar, USA Elizabeth Bukusi, USA Helena C. Maltezou, Greece Eric G. Romanowski, USA Jaya D. Chidambaram, USA P. A. C. Maple, UK Markus Ruhnke, Germany Sandro Cinti, USA Mary E. Marquart, USA Ashrafus Safa, Hong Kong Marta de Lana, Brazil Shelly A. McNeil, Canada Ilda Sanches, Portugal Albert Eid, USA Marisa H. Miceli, USA Adalberto R. Santos, Brazil Jose G. Estrada-Franco, USA Darlene Miller, USA Pere P. Simarro, India David N. Fredricks, USA Dinesh Mondal, Bangladesh Heidi Smith-Vaughan, Australia Lucia´ Galvao,˜ Brazil Wolfgang R. Mukabana, Kenya Jaime Soto, Colombia Stephen B. Gordon, UK Thomas Nyirenda, South Africa Sepehr N. Tabrizi, Australia Geoffrey Gottlieb, USA Stephen Obaro, USA Georgina Tzanakaki, Greece Oladele O. Kale, Nigeria Judy A. Omumbo, USA Dino Vaira, Italy Contents Neglected Infectious Diseases: Mechanism of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Immune Response, Eliete Calo´ Romero, Fabiana Pimenta, and Decio´ Diament Volume 2012, Article ID 701648, 2 pages Analysis of Kinetoplast DNA from Mexican Isolates of Leishmania (L.) mexicana, Omar Hernandez-Montes,´ Saul´ Gonzalez´ Guzman,´ Federico Mart´ınez Gomez,´ Douglas C. Barker, and Amalia Monroy-Ostria Volume 2012, Article ID 279081, 7 pages Influence of Triatoma dimidiata in Modulating the Virulence of Trypanosoma cruzi Mexican Strains, E. Guzman-Marin, M. Jimenez-Coello, M. Puerto-Solis, A. Ortega-Pacheco, and K. Y. Acosta-Viana Volume 2012, Article ID 328091, 7 pages QFever:AnOldbutStillaPoorlyUnderstoodDisease, Hamidreza Honarmand Volume 2012, Article ID 131932, 8 pages Experimental Evaluation of the Pathogenicity of Different Strains of Schistosoma mansoni, Antonioˆ Aurelio´ Euzebio´ Jr., Nadia´ Regina Borim Zuim, Ar´ıcio Xavier Linhares, Luiz Augusto Magalhaes,˜ and Eliana Maria Zanotti-Magalhaes˜ Volume 2012, Article ID 894940, 7 pages A Study of the Granulomatous Responses Induced by Different Strains of Schistosoma mansoni, Nadia´ Regina Borim Zuim, Silmara Marques Allegretti, Ar´ıcio Xavier Linhares, Luiz Augusto Magalhaes,˜ and Eliana Maria Zanotti-Magalhaes˜ Volume 2012, Article ID 953524, 8 pages Developments in Diagnosis and Antileishmanial Drugs, Prachi Bhargava and Rajni Singh Volume 2012, Article ID 626838, 13 pages Specific and Rapid Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Clinical Samples by Polymerase Chain Reaction, Anamika Singh and Vijendra Kumar Kashyap Volume 2012, Article ID 654694, 5 pages Cardiac Autonomic Control Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Chagas’ Heart Disease,DiegoF.Davila,´ Jose H. Donis, Gabriela Arata de Bellabarba, Vanesa Villarroel, Francisco Sanchez, Lisbeth Berrueta, Siham Salmen, and Barbara Das Neves Volume 2012, Article ID 980739, 8 pages Ophthalmic Parasitosis: A Review Article, Amal R. Nimir, Ahmed Saliem, and Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim Volume 2012, Article ID 587402, 12 pages Prevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Domestic Cats from the Tropics of Mexico Using Serological and Molecular Tests, Virgen J. Castillo-Morales, Karla Y. Acosta Viana, Eugenia del S. Guzman-Mar´ ´ın, Matilde Jimenez-Coello,´ Jose´ C. Segura-Correa, A. J. Aguilar-Caballero, and Antonio Ortega-Pacheco Volume 2012, Article ID 529108, 6 pages Leprosy: An Overview of Pathophysiology, Ramesh Marne Bhat and Chaitra Prakash Volume 2012, Article ID 181089, 6 pages Inhibited Production of iNOS by Murine J774 Macrophages Occurs via a phoP-Regulated Differential Expression of NFκB and AP-1, Scott D. Hulme, Paul A. Barrow, and Neil Foster Volume 2012, Article ID 483170, 8 pages Hindawi Publishing Corporation Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases Volume 2012, Article ID 701648, 2 pages doi:10.1155/2012/701648 Editorial Neglected Infectious Diseases: Mechanism of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Immune Response Eliete CaloRomero,´ 1 Fabiana Pimenta,2 and Decio´ Diament3 1 Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 355, 9o andar, 01246-902 Sao˜ Paulo, SP, Brazil 2 Instituto de Infectologia Em´ılio RIbas, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 165 Cerqueira Cesar, 01246-901 Sao˜ Paulo, SP, Brazil 3 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop C-02, 1600 Clifton Rd N. E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Eliete CaloRomero,´ eliete [email protected] Received 6 November 2012; Accepted 6 November 2012 Copyright © 2012 Eliete Calo´ Romero et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Neglected infectious diseases (NIDs) represent a major We invited investigators to contribute original research global health challenge and comprise a group of endemic dis- articles as well as review articles that will stimulate the eases which occurs in impoverished regions of Asia, Africa, continuing efforts to understand the NIDs, the development and America. The World Health Organization (WHO) of strategies to treat these diseases, and the evaluation list of 17 diseases includes Buruli ulcer, Chagas disease, of outcomes. We were particularly interested in articles cysticercosis, dengue, dracunculiasis, echinococcosis, fasci- describing the advances in molecular genetics and molecular oliasis, human African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, lep- diagnostics, new insights into reducing morbidity and rosy, filariasis, onchocerciasis, rabies, schistosomiasis, soil- mortality, and current concepts in the treatment of NIDs. transmitted helminthiasis, trachoma, and yaws. According In this issue, S. D. Hulme et al. described molecular to the WHO, neglected infectious diseases affect more than mechanisms of intracellular murine macrophage survival of one billion human beings, mainly in tropical areas, in pathogenic Salmonella. Despite its absence on the WHO 149 underdeveloped or developing countries [1], imposing list of NIDs, salmonellosis remains an important cause great economical burden to its overloaded health systems. of morbidity and mortality in the developing world, as Preventive measures and treatments are not widely available an agent of acute diarrhea and enteric fever [4]. Two in developing countries, despite the low cost of some papers, one by A. A. Euzebio´ et al. and another by N. treatments. Due to globalized trade and travel, some diseases R. B. Zuim et al., evaluated the pathogenicity of different may emerge in developed places or reemerge where they Brazilian strains of Schistosoma mansoni using an exper- once were controlled [2]. The immediate need is to rise imental murine model, regarding granuloma formation. comprehensive control programs based on multidisciplinary Differences in pathogenicity could explain distinct clinical approaches that include environmental, therapeutic, diag- evolution of disease in humans, leading to better diagnosis noses, and other measures. Also, NIDs may spread into and treatment. D. F. Davila´ et al. reviewed physiopathogenic the population in developed countries due to demographic aspects of cardiac involvement in Chagas disease, stressing change. Recent advances in biology and medicine have current theories of myocardial dysfunction. Understanding introduced new technologies to study and understand the these issues implies diverse treatments. A. Singh and V. epidemiology, the reinfection and coinfections, and the K. Kashyap described a PCR method for Mycobacterium mechanisms of the development of resistance to treatments tuberculosis detection, using triple DNA targets, resulting in NIDs. Continuous coordinated efforts are needed in order in better performance in relation to classical methods of to achieve these goals, and government and nongovernment smear and culture. More efficient diagnosis could lead to [3] programs focused on NIDs are on the agenda. prompt treatment, avoiding complications of tuberculosis. 2 Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases V. J. Castillo-Morales et al. studied Mexican domestic cat infection with Toxoplasma gondii to determine prevalence and risk factors for infection, using molecular and serological methods. A. R. Nimir presented a comprehensive review of ophthalmologic parasitosis, covering protozoan, helmintic, and ectoparasitic etiologies. The eyes are an important source of symptoms and signs and should be always examined