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The Unicode Cookbook for Linguists: Managing Writing Systems Using Orthography Profiles
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2017 The Unicode Cookbook for Linguists: Managing writing systems using orthography profiles Moran, Steven ; Cysouw, Michael DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.290662 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-135400 Monograph The following work is licensed under a Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. Originally published at: Moran, Steven; Cysouw, Michael (2017). The Unicode Cookbook for Linguists: Managing writing systems using orthography profiles. CERN Data Centre: Zenodo. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.290662 The Unicode Cookbook for Linguists Managing writing systems using orthography profiles Steven Moran & Michael Cysouw Change dedication in localmetadata.tex Preface This text is meant as a practical guide for linguists, and programmers, whowork with data in multilingual computational environments. We introduce the basic concepts needed to understand how writing systems and character encodings function, and how they work together. The intersection of the Unicode Standard and the International Phonetic Al- phabet is often not met without frustration by users. Nevertheless, thetwo standards have provided language researchers with a consistent computational architecture needed to process, publish and analyze data from many different languages. We bring to light common, but not always transparent, pitfalls that researchers face when working with Unicode and IPA. Our research uses quantitative methods to compare languages and uncover and clarify their phylogenetic relations. However, the majority of lexical data available from the world’s languages is in author- or document-specific orthogra- phies. -
Approaches to Applying Spacing Methods in Seriffed and Sans-Serif Typeface Designs
Approaches to applying spacing methods in seriffed and sans-serif typeface designs Fernando de Mello Vargas January 2007 Essay submitted in partial fulfilment for the requirements for the Master of Arts in Typeface Design Department of Typography and Graphic Communication The University of Reading, United Kingdom, 2007 This paper cannot be reproduced or published, partially or integrally, without the written consent of the author. Acknowledgments The author would like to thank Nicolien Van der Keur for providing the Asa Types ‘Trinité 1, 2, 3’ catalog and Daniel Rathigan for proof reading. Set in FF Scala and FF Scala Sans in Adobe InDesign CS2. Contents 1 introduction 4 2 optical spacing concepts 5 2.1 Spacing a sequence of different shapes 5 2.2 Balancing internal and external white spaces in letterforms 6 2.3 Simultaneous contrast issue 6 2.4 Vertical optical centres 7 2.5 Influence of ascenders and descenders 7 3 applying spacing methods in seriffed and sans-serif typeface designs 8 3.1 Experiment procedures 8 3.2 Description of spacing methods used 9 3.2.1 Walter Tracy’s method 9 3.2.2 Miguel Sousa’s method 10 3.3 Analysis of the results 11 3.3.1 First approach: comparing paragraphs and phrases 11 3.3.2 Second approach: comparing words 14 4 epilogue 16 5 image sources 17 6 references 18 Approaches to applying spacing methods in seriffed and sans-serif typeface designs 1. Introduction 1 W. Tracy, ‘Letters of credit: a view The adjustment of space between letters in typeface design, a process commonly of type design’, p. -
CSS 2.1) Specification
Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification W3C Editors Draft 26 February 2014 This version: http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/ED-CSS2-20140226 Latest version: http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2 Previous versions: http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-CSS2-20110607 http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-CSS2-20080411/ Editors: Bert Bos <bert @w3.org> Tantek Çelik <tantek @cs.stanford.edu> Ian Hickson <ian @hixie.ch> Håkon Wium Lie <howcome @opera.com> Please refer to the errata for this document. This document is also available in these non-normative formats: plain text, gzip'ed tar file, zip file, gzip'ed PostScript, PDF. See also translations. Copyright © 2011 W3C® (MIT, ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability, trademark and document use rules apply. Abstract This specification defines Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 revision 1 (CSS 2.1). CSS 2.1 is a style sheet language that allows authors and users to attach style (e.g., fonts and spacing) to structured documents (e.g., HTML documents and XML applications). By separating the presentation style of documents from the content of documents, CSS 2.1 simplifies Web authoring and site maintenance. CSS 2.1 builds on CSS2 [CSS2] which builds on CSS1 [CSS1]. It supports media- specific style sheets so that authors may tailor the presentation of their documents to visual browsers, aural devices, printers, braille devices, handheld devices, etc. It also supports content positioning, table layout, features for internationalization and some properties related to user interface. CSS 2.1 corrects a few errors in CSS2 (the most important being a new definition of the height/width of absolutely positioned elements, more influence for HTML's "style" attribute and a new calculation of the 'clip' property), and adds a few highly requested features which have already been widely implemented. -
Surviving the TEX Font Encoding Mess Understanding The
Surviving the TEX font encoding mess Understanding the world of TEX fonts and mastering the basics of fontinst Ulrik Vieth Taco Hoekwater · EuroT X ’99 Heidelberg E · FAMOUS QUOTE: English is useful because it is a mess. Since English is a mess, it maps well onto the problem space, which is also a mess, which we call reality. Similary, Perl was designed to be a mess, though in the nicests of all possible ways. | LARRY WALL COROLLARY: TEX fonts are mess, as they are a product of reality. Similary, fontinst is a mess, not necessarily by design, but because it has to cope with the mess we call reality. Contents I Overview of TEX font technology II Installation TEX fonts with fontinst III Overview of math fonts EuroT X ’99 Heidelberg 24. September 1999 3 E · · I Overview of TEX font technology What is a font? What is a virtual font? • Font file formats and conversion utilities • Font attributes and classifications • Font selection schemes • Font naming schemes • Font encodings • What’s in a standard font? What’s in an expert font? • Font installation considerations • Why the need for reencoding? • Which raw font encoding to use? • What’s needed to set up fonts for use with T X? • E EuroT X ’99 Heidelberg 24. September 1999 4 E · · What is a font? in technical terms: • – fonts have many different representations depending on the point of view – TEX typesetter: fonts metrics (TFM) and nothing else – DVI driver: virtual fonts (VF), bitmaps fonts(PK), outline fonts (PFA/PFB or TTF) – PostScript: Type 1 (outlines), Type 3 (anything), Type 42 fonts (embedded TTF) in general terms: • – fonts are collections of glyphs (characters, symbols) of a particular design – fonts are organized into families, series and individual shapes – glyphs may be accessed either by character code or by symbolic names – encoding of glyphs may be fixed or controllable by encoding vectors font information consists of: • – metric information (glyph metrics and global parameters) – some representation of glyph shapes (bitmaps or outlines) EuroT X ’99 Heidelberg 24. -
FSI: FF Scala Sans Offc Condensed Regular
fontfont opentype® ▪▪▪��� fontfont info guide for ff Scala Sans Condensed Regular Offc | Offc Pro or Web | Web Pro Sections a | Font and Designer Information b | Language Support c | Type Specimens section a FONT & DESIGNER INFORMATION Handgloves about ff Scala Sans Condensed Martin Majoor enhanced his elegant serif ff Scala with a companion sans- Regular serif family. Again it is the simplicity that makes Scala Sans so captivating, while at the same time its distinct character is immediately recognizable. First, the family comprised six variants including an italic small caps style, a fairly rare beast in the typographic zoo. Later, two Condensed weights as well as the two missing Small Caps fonts were added making the Scala family suitable for complex book typography. There is also a collection of Scala Hands, pointing hands with and without serifs, right and left handed, feminine and masculine, thumbs up and thumbs down ... the list goes on. Finally, light and black weights were added. The design of a serif typeface and an accompanying sans resulted in a very happy combination for graphic designers around the world. about Martin Majoor has been designing type since the mid-1980s. After a martin majoor student placement at URW in Hamburg, he started in 1986 as a typographic designer in the Research & Development department at Océ- Netherlands. In 1988 he started working as a graphic designer for the Vredenburg Music Centre in Utrecht, for whom he designed the typeface Scala for use in their printed matter. Two years later FSI FontShop International published ff Scala as the first serious text face in the then- new FontFont-Library. -
Iso/Iec Jtc1 Sc2 Wg2 N3984
ISO/IEC JTC1 SC2 WG2 N3984 Notes on the naming of some characters proposed in the FCD of ISO/IEC 10646:2012 (3rd ed.) (JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3945, JTC1/SC2 N4168) Karl Pentzlin — 2011-02-02 This paper addresses the naming of the following characters proposed for inclusion: U+2E33 RAISED DOT U+2E34 RAISED COMMA (both proposed in JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3912) U+A78F LATIN LETTER GLOTTAL DOT (proposed in JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3567 as LATIN LETTER MIDDLE DOT) shown by the following excerpts from N3945: 1. Dots, Points, and "middle" and "raised" characters encoded in Unicode 6.0 (without script-specific ones and fullwidth/small forms; of similar characters within a block, a single character is selected as representative): Dots and Points: U+002E FULL STOP U+00B7 MIDDLE DOT U+02D9 DOT ABOVE U+0387 GREEK ANO TELEIA U+2024 ONE DOT LEADER U+2027 HYPHENATION POINT U+22C5 DOT OPERATOR U+2E31 WORD SEPARATOR MIDDLE DOT U+02D9 has the property Sk (Symbol, modifier), U+22C5 has Sm (Symbol, math), while all others have Po (Punctuation, other). U+A78F is proposed to have Lo (Letter, other). "Middle" and "raised" characters: U+02F4 MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE GRAVE ACCENT U+2E0C LEFT RAISED OMISSION BRACKET (representing several similar characters in the same block) U+02F8 MODIFIER LETTER RAISED COLON U+A71B MODIFIER LETTER RAISED UP ARROW The following table will show these characters using some different widespread fonts. Font 002E 00B7 02D9 0387 2024 2027 22C5 2E31 02F4 2E0C 02F8 A71B Andron Mega Corpus x.E x·E x˙E α·Ε x․E x‧E x⋅E --- x˴E x⸌E x˸E --- Arial x.E x·E x˙E α·Ε x․E x‧E -
Applications and Innovations in Typeface Design for North American Indigenous Languages Julia Schillo, Mark Turin
Applications and innovations in typeface design for North American Indigenous languages Julia Schillo, Mark Turin To cite this version: Julia Schillo, Mark Turin. Applications and innovations in typeface design for North American Indige- nous languages. Book 2.0, Intellect Ltd, 2020, 10 (1), pp.71-98. 10.1386/btwo_00021_1. halshs- 03083476 HAL Id: halshs-03083476 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03083476 Submitted on 22 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. BTWO 10 (1) pp. 71–98 Intellect Limited 2020 Book 2.0 Volume 10 Number 1 btwo © 2020 Intellect Ltd Article. English language. https://doi.org/10.1386/btwo_00021_1 Received 15 September 2019; Accepted 7 February 2020 Book 2.0 Intellect https://doi.org/10.1386/btwo_00021_1 10 JULIA SCHILLO AND MARK TURIN University of British Columbia 1 71 Applications and 98 innovations in typeface © 2020 Intellect Ltd design for North American 2020 Indigenous languages ARTICLES ABSTRACT KEYWORDS In this contribution, we draw attention to prevailing issues that many speakers orthography of Indigenous North American languages face when typing their languages, and typeface design identify examples of typefaces that have been developed and harnessed by histor- Indigenous ically marginalized language communities. -
Linotype Matrix 4.2—The Legend Continues
Mergenthaler Edition releases second issue of the new Linotype Matrix Linotype Matrix 4.2—the legend continues. Bad Homburg, 16 May 2006. Following its highly successful relaunch of Linotype Matrix in magazine format last year, Linotype’s publishing label, Mergenthaler Edition, is now releasing the second issue of the classic typographic journal. Linotype Matrix Issue 4.2 takes an exciting and informative look at typography in history – with a thematic focus on the great 20th century type designer William Addison Dwiggins. Within the 64 pages of this richly illustrated issue readers will find articles contributed by some of the best talents working in typography today. For instance, writer and typographer John D. Berry explores the legacy of the Deberny & Peignot type foundry, while the article on Dwiggins’ life and work has been penned by type designer and scholar Paul Shaw, an established Dwiggins authority. Additionally, renowned type historian Sylvia Werfel takes a look at how type systems make designing texts easier. 2006 marks the 50th anniversary of W. A. Dwiggins’ death—an appropriate moment to look back at the contributions of one of the first truly significant type designers from the U.S. As Paul Shaw is currently working on a doctoral dissertation at Columbia University about Dwiggins, he is able to offer an in- depth look at his prolific career as an illustrator, and tells us how, in his late forties, he began a second remarkable career in typeface design at Linotype. Dwiggins was, in fact, the first major type designer to work for the Mergenthaler Linotype Co. in New York and was responsible for creating many great designs, including Metro and Electra, and his most enduring typeface, Caledonia. -
The Mathspec Package Font Selection for Mathematics with Xǝlatex Version 0.2B
The mathspec package Font selection for mathematics with XƎLaTEX version 0.2b Andrew Gilbert Moschou* [email protected] thursday, 22 december 2016 table of contents 1 preamble 1 4.5 Shorthands ......... 6 4.6 A further example ..... 7 2 introduction 2 5 greek symbols 7 3 implementation 2 6 glyph bounds 9 4 setting fonts 3 7 compatability 11 4.1 Letters and Digits ..... 3 4.2 Symbols ........... 4 8 the package 12 4.3 Examples .......... 4 4.4 Declaring alphabets .... 5 9 license 33 1 preamble This document describes the mathspec package, a package that provides an interface to select ordinary text fonts for typesetting mathematics with XƎLaTEX. It relies on fontspec to work and familiarity with fontspec is advised. I thank Will Robertson for his useful advice and suggestions! The package is developmental and later versions might to be incompatible with this version. This version is incompatible with earlier versions. The package requires at least version 0.9995 of XƎTEX. *v0.2b update by Will Robertson ([email protected]). 1 Should you be using this package? If you are using another LaTEX package for some mathematics font, then you should not (unless you know what you are doing). If you want to use Asana Math or Cambria Math (or the final release version of the stix fonts) then you should be using unicode-math. Some paragraphs in this document are marked advanced. Such paragraphs may be safely ignored by basic users. 2 introduction Since Jonathan Kew released XƎTEX, an extension to TEX that permits the inclusion of system wide Unicode fonts and modern font technologies in TEX documents, users have been able to easily typeset documents using readily available fonts such as Hoefler Text and Times New Roman (This document is typeset using Sabon lt Std). -
Fontfont Focus Nexus.Pdf
★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆ three-way conversation in type, Threesome and The new cala? are just three qualifications that were given to Martin Majoor’s type family ff Nexus, when it was released in 2004. The fact that ff Nexus has three variants – a serif, a sanserif and a slabserif (a mix between serif and sans) – makes it a highly versatile typeface. Its third extension, the slabserif, is a logical result of Majoor’s type design philosophy which started with the release of ff Scala and ff Scala Sans some 15 years ago. first serif, then sans Almost 20 years ago, during the time Majoor started designing Scala, he almost intuitively developed a process in which the sans serif version was derived from the serif version: first the serif, then the sans. Later he called this theory, ‘2 typefaces, 1 form principle’, and the immediate success of ff Scala and ff Scala Sans was proof that he was on the right track. It turned out that his ‘theory’ wasn’t new at all, but thanks to digital techniques he was able to bring it into practice in a way that had not been seen before in type design. Features like old style figures and small caps, in all weights, in serif and sans and in 1 ★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★☆★ regular and italic, simply had not been possible in the time of hot metal type. But at the start of the digital type era, this versatility was something new. It was 1993 and it was the first time ever that italic small caps were designed for a sans serif typeface. -
Scala OT Regular Scala Pro Regular
FontFont OpenType® nnIK nnnnABEM nnnnnn1032G9 nnZ5 nnND nnnn.,cR FontFont Info Guide Scala OT Regular Scala Pro Regular Version 01 | Nov 2005 Sections a | Introduction to OpenType® b | Font and Designer Information c | Supported Layout Features d | Language Support e | Type Specimens SECTION A INTRODUCTION TO OPENTYPE® What is OpenType® is a cross-platform font file format developed jointly by OpenType? Adobe and Microsoft. The two main benefits of the OpenType format are its cross-platform compatibility (the same font file works on Macintosh and Windows computers), and its ability to support widely expanded character sets and layout features, which provide rich linguistic support and advanced typographic control. OpenType fonts can be installed and used alongside PostScript® Type 1 and TrueType fonts. The range of supported layout features may differ in the various FontFont OpenType packages, therefore each OpenType package will be accompanied by this ff Info Guide listing the layout features supported by this specific font package. You’ll find a glossary of all available OpenType layout features in Section B of the general ff OpenType User Guide. Please see the FontFont OpenType® User Guide at http://www.fontfont.com/opentype ©fsi, 2005 All rights reserved. All information in this document is provided “AS IS” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, and is subject to change without notice. All trademarks mentioned in this document are the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. You may reproduce and distribute this document as long as you do not remove fsi’s copyright information and do not make any changes in the document. -
Stop Stealing Sheep & Find out How Type Works
1 Stop Stealing Sheep This page intentionally left blank 3 Stop Stealing Sheep & find out how type works Third Edition Erik Spiekermann Stop Stealing Sheep trademarks & find out how type works Adobe, Photoshop, Illustrator, Third Edition PostScript, and CoolType are registered Erik Spiekermann trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or This Adobe Press book is other countries. ClearType is a trade published by Peachpit, mark of Microsoft Corp. All other a division of Pearson Education. trademarks are the property of their respective owners. For the latest on Adobe Press books, go to www.adobepress.com. Many of the designations used by To report errors, please send a note to manufacturers and sellers to dis tinguish [email protected]. their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in Copyright © 2014 by Erik Spiekermann this book, and Peachpit was aware of a trademark claim, the designations appear Acquisitions Editor: Nikki Echler McDonald as requested by the owner of the trade Production Editor: David Van Ness mark. All other product names and Proofer: Emily Wolman services identified throughout this book Indexer: James Minkin are used in editorial fashion only and Cover Design: Erik Spiekermann for the benefit of such companies with no intention of infringement of the notice of rights trademark. No such use, or the use of any All rights reserved. No part of this trade name, is intended to convey book may be reproduced or transmitted endorsement or other affiliation with in any form by any means, electronic, this book. mechanical, photocopying, recor ding, or otherwise, without the prior isbn 13: 9780321934284 written permission of the publisher.