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Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2020 The two dimensions of narcissistic personality and support for the radical right: the role of right‐wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation and anti‐immigrant sentiment Mayer, Sabrina J ; Berning, Carl C ; Johann, David Abstract: This paper offers an explanation of the link between grandiose narcissism and support forradi- cal right parties. Drawing on representative data of the GESIS Panel (N = 2827), focusing on support for the German radical right populist party Alternative for Germany in 2016 and treating grandiose narcis- sism as a two‐dimensional concept, it is shown that the effects of grandiose narcissism are indirect rather than direct. The paper also reveals that it is mainly narcissistic rivalry that accounts for radical right party support, whereas narcissistic admiration has a protecting relationship. Finally, our results indicate that the indirect effects of narcissistic rivalry on radical right party support via right‐wing authoritarian- ism and social dominance orientation, respectively, are mediated by anti‐immigrant sentiment. All in all, our results suggest that in studies on ideological orientations and voting behaviour, both dimensions of grandiose narcissism should be considered due to their contradictory relationship. Moreover, our findings indicate that the success of radical right parties might be the expression of personality dispositions of some parts of the electorate. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2228 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-188422 Journal Article Published Version The following work is licensed under a Creative Commons: Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License. Originally published at: Mayer, Sabrina J; Berning, Carl C; Johann, David (2020). The two dimensions of narcissistic personality and support for the radical right: the role of right‐wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation and anti‐immigrant sentiment. European Journal of Personality, 34(1):60-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2228 European Journal of Personality, Eur. J. Pers. 34:60–76 (2020) Published online 9 January 2020 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/per.2228 The Two Dimensions of Narcissistic Personality and Support for the Radical Right: The Role of Right-wing Authoritarianism, Social Dominance Orientation and Anti-immigrant Sentiment SABRINA J. MAYER1,4* , CARL C. BERNING2 and DAVID JOHANN3 1University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany 2University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany 3University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 4DeZIM-Institut - German Centre for Integration and Migration Research, Berlin, Germany Abstract: This paper offers an explanation of the link between grandiose narcissism and support for radical right parties. Drawing on representative data of the GESIS Panel (N = 2827), focusing on support for the German radical right populist party Alternative for Germany in 2016 and treating grandiose narcissism as a two-dimensional concept, it is shown that the effects of grandiose narcissism are indirect rather than direct. The paper also reveals that it is mainly narcissistic rivalry that accounts for radical right party support, whereas narcissistic admiration has a protecting relationship. Finally, our results indicate that the indirect effects of narcissistic rivalry on radical right party support via right-wing authoritarianism and so- cial dominance orientation, respectively, are mediated by anti-immigrant sentiment. All in all, our results suggest that in stud- ies on ideological orientations and voting behaviour, both dimensions of grandiose narcissism should be considered due to their contradictory relationship. Moreover, our findings indicate that the success of radical right parties might be the expres- sion of personality dispositions of some parts of the electorate. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality pub- lished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology Key words: grandiose narcissism; radical right parties; right-wing authoritarianism; social dominance orientation; anti-immigrant sentiment INTRODUCTION preference, often aggressively phrased, for an ethnically or culturally homogenous population that is fearful of be- In the last two decades, radical right populist parties ing threatened by non-native elements. Authoritarianism (RRP) have emerged in many countries in Western leads to their preference for a strictly ordered society with Europe (Golder, 2016). These parties are now part of traditional values, in which those who deviate from norms most parliaments, are in several governments and often should be punished (Mudde, 2007; Rydgren, 2007). As dominate the political and public debate. Members of this part of the populist element of these parties, the members diverse family of parties, such as the French also perceive politics mainly as a morality-based antago- Rassemblement National (previously the Front National) nism towards a corrupt elite versus the pure people, the or the Dutch Forum for Democracy, share several fea- latter represented (only) by themselves (Arzheimer, 2018; tures. They are on the radical right due to their ideologi- Mudde, 2007; Spier, 2006). cal orientations: Nativism denotes a combination of So far, a lot of studies have analysed the main determinants nationalism and xenophobia which results in the of RRP support and found the vote choices for RRPs to be mostly motivated by anti-immigrant sentiments (AISs) and group-threat perceptions (Arzheimer, 2008, 2018; Bakker, *Correspondence to: Sabrina J. Mayer, University of Duisburg-Essen, Rooduijn, & Schumacher, 2016; Berning & Ziller, 2017; Lotharstr. 65, Duisburg 47057, Germany. Lucassen & Lubbers, 2012; Norris, 2005; Rydgren, 2008; E-mail: [email protected] van der Brug, Fennema, & Tillie, 2000). To understand the psychological, long-standing roots of RRP support, previous This article earned Open Materials through Open Practices Disclosure fi from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki. The materials studies have focused on the ve factor model (Costa & are permanently and openly accessible at https://osf.io/8yfbx/?view_only= McCrae, 1976; Costa & McCrae, 1992), which emphasises 61d57161c5cf48c88ef3b085218d3af3. Author’s disclosure form may also that specific personality traits, particularly low levels of agree- be found at the Supporting Information in the online version. ableness and openness to experience, and sometimes also a high level of conscientiousness and neuroticism, are indirectly related to vote choices for RRPs (Aichholzer & Zandonella, © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by Handling editor: Jan-Erik Lönnqvist John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology Received 14 May 2019 This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is Revised 19 November 2019, Accepted 20 November 2019 properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. Narcissistic personality and radical right support 61 2016; Bakker et al., 2016; Schimpf & Schoen, 2017; between two distinct pathways for gaining and maintaining Schoen & Schumann, 2007; Ziller & Berning, 2019). Gran- a grandiose self-view: narcissistic admiration (i.e. an diose narcissism (Raskin & Hall, 1979) represents another adaptive way: assertive self-promotion) and rivalry1 (i.e. a personality aspect whose important connection to interper- maladaptive way: antagonistic self-protection). These sonal relations, as well as political ideology and prejudice, pathways are moderately positively correlated and share the has been shown before (Bardeen & Michel, 2019; same goal, but they differ in their social strategies and inter- Cichocka, Dhont, & Makwana, 2017; Hatemi & Fazekas, personal consequences. While admiration is characterised by 2018; Hodson, Hogg, & MacInnis, 2009; Marchlewska, assertive actions that result in social potency, which is asso- Castellanos, Lewczuk, Kofta, & Cichocka, 2019; ciated with ego boosts, rivalry is motivated by self-defence Schnieders & Gore, 2011). Grandiose narcissism is the form mechanisms to protect oneself, leading to social conflict of narcissism that is most central to studies of the general and ego threats. population. Thus, we focus only on this form in our article. The relationship between narcissism and RRP support We do not address vulnerable narcissism, which is more has not been analysed before, even though key facets of important for pathological forms of narcissism (e.g. Cain, narcissism, especially antagonistic facets such as striving Pincus, & Ansell, 2008). for supremacy and key elements of RRP, match closely. Furthermore, we focus on individual narcissism as a per- Thus, we analyse the relationship between grandiose sonality trait. Other studies, such as Golec de Zavala, narcissism and RRP support in order to explore thoroughly Cichocka, Eidelson, and Jayawickreme (2009), also intro- the personality roots of RRP support. We investigate the duce the concept of ‘collective narcissism’, an emotionalised general mechanism
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