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The Controversial Career of Edward W. Wynkoop

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The Controversial Career of Edward W. Wynkoop The Controversial Career of Edward W. Wynkoop BY THOMAS D. ISERN On an autumn day in 1858 lanky Edward Wanshear Wynkoop disem­ barked from a sidewheel steamer in busy Leavenworth, Kansas Terri­ tory. Born on 19 June 1836 in Philadelphia, he had spent the first twenty years of his life in Pennsylvania, where his family was engaged in smelting iron. His grandfather, Henry Wynkoop, had been a member of the Continental Congress, and his great-great-great-grandfather had come from Utrecht, Holland, to settle in the New Netherlands in 1640. However, prominent lineage meant little to the restless youth . He pro­ ceeded from Leavenworth to Lecompton, the territorial capitol of Kan­ sas, to become a clerk for his brother-in-law William Brindle, receiver of the United States Land Office in Lecompton. In Kansas the Pennsyl­ vanian began a manifold western career filled with controversy at every stage. His character, a combination of reckless stubbornness and stern moralism, generated conflict wherever he went. Nowhere was this more true than in Colorado, where Wynkoop rose to prominence and made friendships and enmities that lasted for a lifetime.1 Brindle, Wynkoop's patron in Kansas, was a fiery advocate of the divine truth of Presbyterianism and the divine right of slavery. Wyn­ koop shunned involvement in the sectional controversy then burning in Kansas, but from Brindle he learned about the virtues of the Democratic party and the intricacies of the real estate business, and he mastered the Colt revolver. He soon acquired political connections in Kansas, in­ cluding the friendship of Governor James W . Denver, a fellow Pennsyl­ vanian.2 In the fall of 1858 reports of gold on the upper South Platte River 1 Ed wa rd W. Wynkoop, ''Unfi nished Colorado History,·· 1876, p. I . Documentary Resources Department , Colorado Historical Socie1y, Denver: Fran ~ M. Wynkoop. "lniimate Noles Relat ive to the Career of Colonel Edward Wynkoop.·· Edward W . Wynkoop Coll ection, Mu seum of New Mexico, Santa Fe; Joseph M. Beatty. Jr., ed., .. The Lett ers of Judge Henry Wynkoop. Represenlati ve from Pennsylvania to the First Congress of Edward Wansh ear Wynkoop in 186! . the United States." Pem1s_\•/m11ia Maga:.ine of History and Biography 38 ( 19 14): 39. 2 Albert R. Greene, .. Uni 1ed Stales Land-Offices in Kansas,·· Collecriot1s of the Kansas State Historical Soci· ery 8 (1 903- 1904): 4-6: Wynkoop. "Unfinished Colorado His1ory," pp. 1·5. 2 THE COLORADO MAGAZINE 56/ I and 2 1979 Edward W. Wynkoop 3 posed a problem for Governor Denver. The gold fields lay in formerly started west from Lecompton, thi s time leading a wagon train of emi­ unpopulated Arapahoe County, Kansas Territory, the boundaries of grants who had paid $I 00 each for passage to the mines. Along the way which extended to the Continental Divide. Denver quickly appointed a he met thousands of disillusioned miners who were returning because slate of county officials that included Wynkoop as sheriff. Inasmuch as they had found no paying mines. Wynkoop was threatened with hanging he possessed a sturdy, six-foot-three-inch frame and a steady shooting by emigrants who said he had deceived them. Fortunately, by the time eye, Wynkoop seemed well qualified to police rowdy mining camps. he reached Denver, new strikes in the mountains had restored confi­ Also prominent among the county appointees was William H. Larimer, dence in the mines. 5 still another Pennsylvanian, who was to be county treasurer. For two years thereafter Wynkoop attempted to act as sheriff of Wynkoop and the rest of the county officials planned to fou nd a city Arapahoe County, despite the existence of a rival provisional govern­ in the gold fields as their county seat. In September 1858 they embarked ment under the name of Jefferson Territory. When on 9 October 1859 from Topeka for the mines by the Arkansas River route. Pausing only William Park McClure and Richard E. Whitsitt prepared to fight a duel for cheers and libations at the first sight of the Spanish Peaks, they on the banks of Cherry Creek, Wynkoop called on assembled spectators traveled quickly to Pueblo. Larimer, who had started later, qvertook to help prevent bloodshed, for McClure was his close friend. The crowd Wynkoop's party there. United, they traveled north, arriving at the ignored the sheriff's appeal, whereupon Whitsitt seriously wounded South Platte River on 16 November. Although earlier arrivals already McClure.6 had founded the town of Saint Charles on the best available site, all the Wynkoop found it even more difficult to exert authority after the founders had left for the East except for a mountain man named William town fathers of Denver formed an independent city government in the McGaa. With threats and whiskey the newcomers persuaded McGaa to late 1860s. On 12 March 1861 he intervened in a fight in the Saint join them and a group of Nebraskans in founding the city of Denver on Charles Saloon between Mark "Buckskin" Widgenstein and Thomas the same spot. After selecting a name for the city, Wynkoop im­ Evans, a gambler. As Evans wounded Widgenstein with a knife, Wyn­ mediately became the object of two disputes: rival speculators accused koop struck the gambler on the head with his revolver. The scuffle him and his friends of stealing the site for Denver, while Nebraskans spilled into the street; Widgenstein seized a pistol, Wynkoop leaped and Republicans denied the jurisdiction of the Kansan sheriff.3 aside, and Widgenstein fired , killing a Black bystander. City Marshal On 3 December Wynkoop and a friend , Albert B. Steinberger, left James R. Shaffer arrived to arrest the fighters as Wynkoop stood by. 7 Denver to act as agents of the Denver Company in eastern Kansas. The Wynkoop more readily assumed jurisdiction in cases that extended temperature dropped to twenty degrees below zero, and Wynkoop froze beyond the city limits of Denver. In late November of 1860 a rumor was his feet; nevertheless, the two survived a journey along the frozen South circulated that Thomas Evans had abducted Madamoiselle Haydee, a Platte River to Omaha, Nebraska Territory. Wynkoop then went to popular actress. Wynkoop pursued them and brought them back, but to Lecompton, but despite his lobbying, the legislature chose to issue a his embarrassment, the woman revealed that she and Evans had been charter to the Saint Charles Company rather than to the Denver Com­ married.8 pany. Wynkoop imposed himself as a partner in the Saint Charles Com­ More sobering duties stemmed from the case of an Irishman named pany, however, and since the legislature of Kansas never established Patrick Waters. Waters was riding along the South Platte River in a meaningful authority over the gold fields , the Denver Company kept wagon with Thomas Freeman, a rancher, when suddenly he emptied a control of their town site by simple occupation.4 shotgun into Freeman's head, took the money from his pockets, and fled While in eastern Kansas and Nebraska, Wynkoop told eager crowds eastward on horseback. W.T. Shortridge, a deputy of Wynkoop, exaggerated tales of golden wealth to be found along the South Platte River. These stories returned to haunt him when in April 1859 he again ~ Wynkoop . "Unfinished Colorado H istory, '" p. 15: LeRoy R . H afen, ed ., Colorado Gold Rush: Contempo­ rary Leners arul Reports, 1858-1859, Southwest Historical Se ri es, no. 10 (Glendale, Calif.: A nhur H . Clark 3 Co .• 1941) , pp. 27 1-72. Wynk °?P· ··unfinished Co lorado Hi story.'' pp . 5-10; Edwa rd E. Wynkoop. ''Edward Wan shear Wynkoop .·· Cotlectwns of the Kansas Slate Hworical Sociery 13 ( 1913- 1914): 7 1-72; William H .H . Larimer . fl Dem•er Roch Mo11111ai11 News. 27 October 1859: Unidentified clippings, Scrapbook, Edward W . W ynkoop Remiflisce!1ces of General William Lanmer and of his Son William H.H . Larimer, Two of the Founders of Collect ion. This scrapbook in the Museum of New M exico con 1ains more than three hundred pages of clip­ Dem·er C11y, comp. Hennan S. Dav1\ (lanca.Mer, Pa .: New Em Printing Co., 1918), pp. 77-102: Calvin W . pings dealing with W ynkoop' s life and rela1ed events. The clippings are pas1ed on blank shares of stock in the Gower, "Kansas Territory and the P1lo.£ , Peal Gold Rush : Governing the Gold Region ," Kansas Historical Denver Town Company. Some clippings are from early Colorado newspapers of which fi les have not sur­ Quarterly 32. no . 3 (Au1umn 1966): 290-97~ William McGaa, "A Statement Regarding the Formation of 1he vived. St . Charles and Denver Town Companies. ' The Colorado Magazine 22, no . 3 (May 1945): 125-29. 7 Clippings, W ynkoop Scrapbook. 4 W ynk oop, "Unfinished Colorado H1 •ory , pp 10-14: Omaha Times , 6 January 1859; Oem·er Rock_v Mo1111 - 11 Dem•er Rocky Mountain News. 28 November 1860: Melvin Sc hoberlin , From Candles to Footlights: A Biog­ rai11 News, 18 April 1860 raphy of the Pike's Peak Theatre, 1859-1876 (Denver: O ld West Publishing Co., 1941). pp . 38-3 9 . 4 THE COLORADO MAGAZINE 56/1 and 2 1979 Edward W. Wynkoop 5 brought the killer back from eastern Nebraska. The Masonic Lodge cember 1860 following a dispute with his friend McClure, then post­ brothers of Freeman demanded revenge of Waters, a Catholic. A dozen master of Denver. Wynkoop entered the post office and requested his men led by Charles Harrison, another Mason and the proprietor of the mail, but McClure refused to release it because Wynkoop had not paid Criterion Saloon, conducted Waters to the scene of the crime and put a the rent on his postbox.
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