Ruthenica, 2018, vol. 28, No. 3: 119-124. © Ruthenica, 2018 Published online August 16, 2018. http: www.ruthenica.com

Finding of the regionally extremely rare spring snail insubrica (: ) in the Olshanka River and its conservation status in Ukraine

Vitaliy V. ANISTRATENKO1*, Olga Yu. ANISTRATENKO1,2 1I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, B. Khmelnitsky Str., 15, Kiev, 01030, UKRAINE. E-mail: [email protected]; 2Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, O. Gontchar Str., 55-b, Kiev, 01054, UKRAINE. E-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author

ABSTRACT. Though spring snail Marstoniopsis in- subrica in Ukraine runs to the end of the XIX subrica is widespread in Europe it has been rarely century, only few records of the (under recorded in Ukraine yet only in the northwestern part. name “steini”) are known from its northwestern Newly found specimen of M. insubrica in the central regions [Bąkowski, Łomnicki, 1891; Adamowicz, part of Ukraine (Olshanka River, middle part of the 1939; Stadnichenko, Stadnichenko, 1984; Anistraten- Dnieper basin) extending the south-eastern limit of the ko, Stadnichenko, 1995; Gural-Sverlova, Gural, species distribution range. All known records of M. insubrica in Ukraine are restricted to several isolated 2014]. occurrences and snails are occurring solitary. As of A better knowledge of the (eastern) distribution today only few specimens accumulated in the Ukraini- limits of the species is of relevance for both infer- an museums collections over the century. It evidences ring the current range and understanding the con- this is regionally extremely rare species. Considering servation needs in a particular country, e.g. Ukraine, rarity, populations’ low-density and occurrences on a Belarus and Russia. very edge of the species natural range M. insubrica we In the present paper, we used published data as recommend to include this species into the next edition well as information from a newly collected speci- of the Red Data Book of Ukraine with an endangered men to specify the distribution area of M. insubrica conservation status. in Ukraine with special emphasis on its conserva- tion status and a potential listing in the Red Data Book. Introduction The distribution area of Material and methods (Küster, 1853) represents a combination of contin- uous part covering mostly northern Europe round A specimen of Marstoniopsis insubrica (Küster, the North and Baltic seas and some isolated occur- 1853) was collected on 31 July 2010 in the Olshan- rences in continental Europe as well as in Great ka River near Moshny town, Cherkassy Region, Britain [Falniowski, Wilke, 2001; Glöer, 2002; Mild- Ukraine (49°31’02.8’’N, 31°45’38.6’’E, coll. V. ner, Haase, 2004; Kantor et al., 2010; Horsák et al., Anistratenko and O. Anistratenko). The snail was 2013]. The snails inhabit here lakes and slow-flow- hand-picked from macrophytes (mainly Ceratophyl- ing parts of rivers [Shadin, 1952; Boeters, 1974]. lum) at depths of 0.5 m (Fig. 1, locality 5). The The northern, western and southwestern limits sample was fixed in 80% ethanol. The associated of M. insubrica range are relatively well established. gastropod fauna consisted of Viviparus viviparus However as for the southeastern distribution border (Linnaeus, 1758) and Cincinna piscinalis (Müller, it is only known that it reaches the Dnieper and 1774). Volga rivers. Reasons for this gap of knowledge Shell, soft body, and operculum of M. insubrica may include scarce occurrences, low sampling ef- were studied and documented with a Leica M 165 C forts in these vast territories, as well as misidentifi- stereomicroscope equipped with a digital camera. A cation of these tiny snails. single specimen and the associated viviparid and Though the history of the discovery of M. in- valvatid snails are deposited at the collection of the 120 V.V. Anistratenko, O.Yu. Anistratenko

FIG. 1. Map showing occurrences of Marstoniopsis insubrica in Ukraine and its reconstructed distribution area (dashed line). Details of numbered localities are given in Table 1. РИС. 1. Карта местонахождений Marstoniopsis insubrica в Украине и реконструкция линии ареала (пунктир). Детальные сведения о нумерованных местах находок приведены в Таблице 1.

Department of Invertebrate Fauna and Systematics, graphic race of M. insubrica (Küster, 1853). Re- I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of NAS of cently, basing on the extremely close genetic rela- Ukraine, Kiev (IZAN), catalogue # 366/1. tionship and lack of constant morphological differ- entiation, these two species were suggested to con- Results sider as conspecific [Falniowski, Wilke, 2001], with the latter name having priority. Following this, we Taxonomic description attribute all Marstoniopsis recorded in Ukraine to Class Gastropoda Cuvier, 1795 M. insubrica. An illustrated description of specimen Order Golikov et collected in the Olshanka River as well as relevant Starobogatov, 1975 ecological remarks is provided below. Family Amnicolidae Tryon, 1863 Matrstoniopsis van Regteren Altena, 1936 Marstoniopsis insubrica (Küster, 1853) Type species: Hydrobia steinii von Martens, (Fig. 2 A-C) 1858 [= Hydrobia scholtzi Schmidt, 1856 (fide Baker, 1961:147)], by original designation Description. Shell small, thin-walled, ovate-con- Shell shape and proportions of the snail sampled ical in shape, moderately high-spired. About 3.5 in the Olshanka River corresponds well to one of regular and convex whorls separated by a deep three syntypes of Hydrobia steinii von Martens, suture. Surface of shell brownish-greenish. Apex 1858 illustrated by Vinarski [2016]. However, the rather broad and blunt. Body whorl relatively high, European and american authors [e.g. Baker, 1961; approaching 0.77 of the shell height, slightly broad- Glöer, 2002; Anderson, 2005] usually consider this er than the penultimate whorl. Aperture wide, oval, name as a junior synonym of Hydrobia scholtzi slightly prominent, lip with slightly marked col- Schmidt, 1856. In addition, Boeters [1974] indicat- umellar edge. Umbilicus wide-chink. Operculum of ed that Marstoniopsis scholtzi is probably a geo- the studied snail (Fig. 2 B-C) is flat, thin, transpa- Spring snail Marstoniopsis insubrica in Ukraine 121

FIG. 2. Shell (A) and female body with operculum attached (B – dorsal view, C – ventral view) of Marstoniopsis insubrica collected in the Olshanka River (Fig. 1, locality 5). Scale bar = 1 mm. РИС. 2. Раковина (A) и мягкое тело самки с крышечкой (B – вид со спинной стороны, C – вид с брюшной стороны) Marstoniopsis insubrica собранной в р. Ольшанка (Рис. 1, локалитет 5). Масштабная линейка = 1 мм.

Table 1. Records of Marstoniopsis insubrica in the Ukraine. The numbers of localities refer to the text and Fig. 1. Coordinates of locations are given based on data in corresponding publications. Таблица 1. Находки Marstoniopsis insubrica в Украине. Номера местонахождений соответствуют таковым в тексте и на Рис. 1. Координаты находок установлены по данным, приведенным в соответствующих публикациях.

# Location River/Sea Latitude Longitude Species name References Basin (as it appeared in the publication) 1 Bug River, Sokal Vistula/ 50°28’57’’N 24°16’19’’E Bythinella Bąkowski, town, Lvov Region Baltic Sea steinii Łomnicki, 1891 2 Bug River, Vistula/ 50°22’59’’N 24°14’51’’E Marstoniopsis Anistratenko, Chervonohrad town, Baltic Sea steini Stadnichenko, Lvov Region 1995 3 Pina and Pripyat Dnieper/ 51°49’39’’N 26°08’52’’E Marsthiniopsis Adamowicz, rivers junction, Black Sea (sic!) steini 1939 Ukraine/Belarus border 4 Floodplain lake of Dnieper/ 51°28’08’’N 27°54’01’’E Marstoniopsis Stadnichenko, Ubort’ River, near Black Sea steini Stadnichenko, Hochino village, 1984 Zhitomyr Region 5 Olshanka River near Dnieper/ 49°31’02.8’’N 31°45’38.6’’E M. insubrica Present study Moshny town, Black Sea Cherkassy Region

122 V.V. Anistratenko, O.Yu. Anistratenko

FIG. 3. Habitat photographs of newly sampled Marstoniopsis insubrica in Ukraine. A – general view at Olshanka River; B – sampling point; C – bottom characteristics (numerous Viviparus viviparus are seen on substrate) and submerged vegetation from which the specimen was obtained (D). РИС. 3. Место обнаружения новой находки Marstoniopsis insubrica в Украине. A – общий вид р. Ольшанка; B – участок сбора; C – характер дна (на субстрате видны многочисленные Viviparus viviparus) и погруженная растительность, среди которой найден моллюск (D). rent, a little smaller than the aperture, ovate, pau- the western, central and eastern parts of Europe cispiral with a subcentral nucleus. Muscle attach- belonging mainly to the North and Baltic seas basins ment area edges undifferentiated. Tentacles of fixed [Piechocki, 1972; Falniowski, 1983; Falniowski, are moderately elongated, cylindrical with Wilke, 2001; Kosenkov, 2011; Laenko, 2012; Czyż, truncated tip. Shell measurements: height 2.1 mm, Gołdyn, 2013; Palatov, Vinarski, 2014]. A very few body whorl height 1.6 mm, wide 1.4 mm, aperture records of this species in Ukraine were only known height 1.05 mm, aperture wide 0.8 mm. in the north-western regions so far [Anistratenko, Ecological remarks. Locality in the Olshanka 1998]. Two of these occurrences belong to the River (Fig. 3) is characterized by slow-flowing Bug/Vistula rivers system, associating with the Bal- water, bottom covered with small stones, and mix- tic Sea (Fig. 1, locations 1, 2) while two others ture of sand, silt and clay; snail found among the populations of M. insubrica registered in tributaries Ceratophyllum at depths of 0.5 m. In some Belaru- of Pripyat River belonging to upper part of drainage sian localities Marstoniopsis involved in the trans- system of Dnieper River flowing in the Black Sea mission of trematod larvae, e.g. Palaeorchis sp., (Fig. 1, locations 3, 4). We found M. insubrica in family Lissorchiidae [Akimova, 2015]. In the Kali- the Olshanka River that belongs to the middle part ningrad Region shells are occasionally found in the of Dnieper drainage system. Newly discovered lo- cases of trichoptera’s larvae [Manakov, 2017]. cation of M. insubrica apparently indicates both the most southeastern occurrence of M. insubrica in Discussion Ukraine (Fig. 1, location 5) and the southeastern boundary of the species’ distribution. No findings As already mentioned the general distribution of M. insubrica in the Danube basin within Ukraine range of M. insubrica covers the water-bodies of are known so far. Spring snail Marstoniopsis insubrica in Ukraine 123

Concluding we consider all Ukrainian popula- Acknowledgements tions as located at the very southeastern edge of M. insubrica natural range that is limited there by tribu- The authors sincerely thank Thomas Wilke (Justus Lie- taries for upper and partially middle part of the big University Giessen, Germany) who improved English of the manuscript and provided inspiriting suggestions on an Dnieper catchment area. earlier version of this paper. We are grateful to the anony- Conservation status of M. insubrica in mous reviewers as well as the editor Yuri Kantor, who gave Ukraine. Populations of M. insubrica are usually helpful comments on the manuscript. The investigation was not long lasting, have a relatively low population supported by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine size and show significant fluctuations in density funded project [registration # 0114U002041]. [see e.g. Falniowski, 1983; Zettler, 1999; our ob- servations]. Being usually rare, this species (as M. scholtzi) listed as threatened by extinction in the red References data books of Germany and the Germany federal Adamowicz J. 1939. Materiały do fauny mięczaków (Mol- states, e.g. Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg- lusca) Polesia. Fragmenta Faunistica Musei Zoo- Vorpommern [Zettler, 1999; Jueg et al., 2002; Müller, logici Polonici, 4(3): 13–89 [In Polish with extend- 2008; Wiese et al., 2016]. It is also red-listed in ed German summary]. Poland, with near threatened (NT) conservation Akimova L.N. 2015. Significance of certain water gas- status [Piechocki, 2002] and other Baltic states, tropods in the digenean circulation (Trematoda: Di- though within the entirely Europe M. insubrica genea) on the territory of Belarus. 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