Archaeology Wales
Cefn Llogell Farm, Coedkernew, Newport
Desk Based Assessment
By Rowena Hart BSc MA MCIfA
Report No. 1381
Archaeology Wales Limited, Rhos Helyg, Cwm Belan, Llanidloes, Powys SY18 6QF Tel: +44 (0) 1686 440371 E-mail: [email protected] Archaeology Wales
Cefn Llogell Farm, Coedkernew, Newport
Desk-Based Assessment
Prepared For: Asbri Planning Ltd
Edited by: Mark Houliston Authorised by: Mark Houliston Signed: Signed:
Position: Managing Director Position: Managing Director Date: 19/8/15 Date: 28/8/15
By Rowena Hart BSc MA MCIFA
Report No. 1381
August 2015
Archaeology Wales Limited, Rhos Helyg, Cwm Belan, Llanidloes, Powys SY18 6QF Tel: +44 (0) 1686 440371 E-mail: [email protected] Contents Summary ...... 3 1. Introduction ...... 4 2. Site Description ...... 5 3. Methodology ...... 5 4. Assessment of HER Data ...... 6 4.1 Introduction ...... 6 4.2 Previous archaeological studies ...... 6 4.3 Scheduled Ancient Monuments (Figure 1; Appendix I) ...... 7 4.4 Listed Buildings (Figure 2; Appendix I) ...... 8 4.5 Registered Parks and Gardens ...... 8 4.6 Non‐designated sites (Figure 3 and 4; Appendix I) ...... 8 4.7 Portable Antiquities Scheme (Figure 5) ...... 10 5. Map Regression ...... 10 6. Aerial Photographs ...... 11 7. Walkover survey ...... 13 8. New sites ...... 14 9. Impact of Development ...... 16 9.1 Impact on known sites ...... 16 9.2 Impact on potential sites ...... 16 9.3 Effect on Scheduled Ancient Monuments ...... 16 10. Mitigation ...... 17 11. Conclusions ...... 18 Bibliography ...... 19 Appendix I: HER Core Record Data ...... 33
Figures Figure 1. Location of Scheduled Ancient Monuments (yellow dots). Development area outlined in red and study area delimited by black circle...... 21 Figure 2 Location of Listed Buildings (purple dots). Development area outlined in red and study area delimited by black circle...... 22 Figure 3. Location of PRN sites (blue dots). Development area outlined in red and study area delimited by black circle...... 23 Figure 4. Showing the location of the Roman roads (green lines). Development area outlined in red and study area delimited by black circle...... 24 Figure 5. Showing location of PAS find spots (black dots). Development area outlined in red and study area delimited by black circle...... 25 Figure 6. First edition OS map (1883). Development area bounded by red outline. .. 26 Figure 7. Showing all Scheduled Ancient Monuments (blue dot or polygon) within a 5km additional assessment area. Centre of development area shown by red dot. ... 27
ARCHAEOLOGY WALES LTD, RHOS HELYG, CWM BELAN, LLANIDLOES, POWYS SY18 6QF
Plates Plate 1. Western field. View from north‐east corner to the north...... 28 Plate 2. Western field. View from mid‐way along northern boundary to the east‐ south‐east...... 28 Plate 3. Western field. View to north from near the north west corner through break in the field boundary...... 29 Plate 4. Western field. View from the north west corner to the west. No line of site29 Plate 5. Western field. View from north west corner towards the south east...... 30 Plate 6. Middle field. View from the lower (eastern) part of the field towards the west...... 30 Plate 7. Eastern field. View to south from half way along northern field boundary. . 31 Plate 8. Eastern field. View along northern field boundary to the west...... 31 Plate 9. Eastern field. View to the south west from north east corner...... 32
Copyright Notice: Archaeology Wales Ltd. retain copyright of this report under the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988, and have granted a licence to Asbri Planning Ltd to use and reproduce the material contained within. The Ordnance Survey has granted Archaeology Wales Ltd a Copyright Licence (100055111) to reproduce map information; Copyright remains otherwise with the Ordnance Survey
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Summary
Archaeology Wales were commissioned by Asbri Planning Ltd to undertake a Desk‐ Based Assessment and site walkover to assess the impact of a proposed solar farm on land at Cefn Llogell Farm, Coedkernew, Newport (NGR ST 25278 88325). This assessment reviewed information held by the regional Historic Environment Record (HER), the National Monuments Record (NMR) and the Portable Antiquities Scheme, as well as cartographic, photographic and other documentary sources. A site visit was made in August 2015.
No designated historic landscape areas, Listed Buildings or Scheduled Ancient Monuments lie within the proposed development area. A single Portable Antiquity Scheme find spot is located within the development area.
No new sites were discovered during this desk based assessment.
A total of five Scheduled Ancient Monuments, two Listed Buildings and sections of two Roman roads lie within the study area. The proposed development is considered to have a negligible impact on the Scheduled Ancient Monuments and listed buildings within the study area. It is considered that the proposed development will not adversely affect the heritage significance of the designated assets.
The regional Historic Environment Record lists 52 non‐designated archaeological sites within the study area. They are all located outside of the development area.
The majority of the archaeological sites, both designated and undesignated, are located a minimum of 1km away from the development area boundaries. The majority of the structural sites are located in the neighbouring village of Castleton and the city of Newport.
There is a minor indirect visual impact on the nearest Scheduled Ancient Monument (The Mount: Pen‐y‐lan MM133). The development area occupies a location that forms part of a landscape occupied consistently from the prehistoric period, to modern times. This is attested by the prehistoric features such as Neolithic long barrows, Iron Age Hill forts, Roman villas and roads and a well‐documented medieval and post medieval park located within the study area.
Suitable mitigation to safeguard potential archaeological resource within the development area would be the provision of an archaeological watching brief during all intrusive groundworks.
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1. Introduction
1.1 Archaeology Wales were commissioned by Asbri Planning Ltd to undertake a desk‐based assessment to inform on the impact on the archaeological resource by the proposed solar farm within the designated study area. The assessment forms the basis of the current report and was written in accordance with the Specification (Hart 2015) agreed to by the archaeological advisors to Newport City Council Planning Authority (GGAT Curatorial).
1.2 The proposed solar farm development is currently in the pre‐planning stages and the proposal covers a maximum area of approximately 12.28ha. A Specification for an archaeological Desk‐Based Assessment (Pitt 2015) was produced by AW in July 2015 and approved by the Glamorgan‐Gwent Archaeological Trust – Curatorial Division (henceforth ‐ GGAT CD), who act as archaeological advisors to the local planning authority. 1.3 The purpose of the Desk‐Based Assessment and site visit is to support a planning application and provide NCCC with the information they are likely to request in respect of the proposed development, the requirements for which are set out in Planning Policy WALES, March 2002, Section 6.5, and Welsh Office Circular 60/96. The work is to highlight standing and buried remains of known and potential archaeological interest and to assess the potential impact of the proposed development on the historic environment to ensure that any sites are fully investigated and recorded should they disturbed or revealed as a result of any subsequent activities associated with the development. 1.4 The Desk‐Based Assessment includes a study of data recorded on the regional Historic Environment Record (HER) held by Glamorgan‐Gwent Archaeological Trust, historic map regression analysis, an assessment of readily available aerial photographs and the results of a site walkover visit. 1.5 The proposed development comprises plans for the construction of a solar farm (Photovoltaic panels) with associated cabling and infrastructure on pasture land. The development also includes the construction of internal cable trenching and transformer/inverter station and substation close to the site entrance, all of which will involve ground‐disturbance works. 1.6 The research and reporting were carried out by Rowena Hart in August 2015. All works were undertaken in accordance with the Chartered Institute for Archaeologist Standards and Guidance for historic environment desk based assessment (2014) and current Health and Safety legislation.
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2. Site Description
2.1 The proposed development area is located some 4km to the south‐west of Newport, South Wales (NGR ST 26558 84863; Figure 1). The proposed development site covers 7 hectares and is comprised of three fields of arable land. The site gently slopes downward to the south and east. The field boundaries are mainly mature hedges and earth banks. 2.2 The topography of the proposed development area is gently undulating with general slopes to the south and east from a high point within the northern half of the development area. 2.3 The underlying solid geology comprises the interspersed Argillacious rocks and sandstone of the St Maughans Formation. The superficial geology comprises of Devension till (BGS 2105).
3. Methodology
3.1 The methodology for this desk‐based assessment and site visit follows that set out in the specification (Pitt 2015). 3.2 The primary objective is to assess the potential impact of the development proposals on the historic environment by means of a detailed desk top study and site visit. The aim is to make full and effective use of existing information in establishing the archaeological significance of the site, to elucidate the presence or absence of historic landscapes, archaeological sites, structures and deposits, its character, distribution, extent, condition and relative significance. 3.3 The work includes a comprehensive assessment of the regional setting within which the archaeological evidence lies and to highlight the significance of any remains within both the development and the study area. 3.4 The potential impact of the proposed development on the setting of known sites of archaeological importance is also assessed. 3.5 An assessment of impact upon Scheduled Ancient Monuments with intervisibility has been made as requested by Cadw. 3.6 This report aims to provide information of sufficient detail to allow informed planning decisions to be made which can safeguard the archaeological resource. Preservation in situ has been advocated where at all possible, but where engineering or other factors result in loss of archaeological deposits, preservation by record has been recommended.
3.7 As part of the desk based assessment, the following repositories were consulted for readily available information:
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The regional HER database for the locations of all known archaeology within a 2km radius (as agreed with GGAT ‐ CD) from the centre of the site and for previously undertaken published/unpublished works.
The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historic Monument of Wales RCAHMW for aerial photographic coverage and site files.
Cadw for information regarding Scheduled Ancient Monuments and Listed Buildings.
Portable Antiquity Scheme.
County archives for all material relating to local studies, historic documents and historic mapping.
Online services for relevant information, historic mapping, geotechnical information, satellite imagery.
3.8 A site walkover survey was undertaken by Rowena Hart in August 2015. It was designed to consider the nature, extent and degree of survival of archaeological sites, structures, deposits and landscapes within the study area.
4. Assessment of HER Data
4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 A study area was applied to the development with a radius of 2km measured from the centre of the development area as agreed to by GGAT ‐ CD. This boundary, along with the outline of the development area was plotted on an Ordnance Survey map (Figures 1‐4).
4.2 Previous archaeological studies 4.2.1 There have been no previous archaeological studies conducted within the proposed development area. A total of nine field visits have been made to SAMs and PRN’s within the study area. 4.2.2 A number of watching briefs, evaluations, excavations, geophysical surveys and desk based assessments have been conducted in the wider study area. One of the most significant events was the excavation at Great Pencarn Farm by the Glamorgan‐Gwent Archaeological Trust (GGAT) in 1997 (Yates 1998). A pre‐Roman phase, along with two distinct Roman phases of occupation were recorded. A small finds assemblage was retained.
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4.2.3 A watching brief was undertaken in 1997 by GGAT (Armour‐Chelu and Williams 1997) at the site of the LG Electronics factory. A section of Roman road was recorded during this work. A geophysical survey was undertaken at this site in advance of the works (GSB 1996) and no definite evidence of archaeological features were found. 4.2.4 In 1996 an archaeological evaluation was undertaken by GGAT on the site of the Dyffryn Link road. This evaluation revealed a large Roman structure – a building or cobbled yard, extending over 35m x 25m (Locock 1996). 4.2.5 For a full catalogue of recent event see Appendix II.
4.3 Scheduled Ancient Monuments (Figure 1; Appendix I) 4.3.1 No Scheduled Ancient Monuments are located within the proposed development area. A total of five Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAM) lie within, or close to the boundary of the applied study area. These are The Mount: Pen‐y‐lan (00005g/MM133), Wentloog Castle (00007g/MM131), Y Gaer: Graig‐y‐Saeson (00057g/MM134), Gwern‐y‐Cleppa (00061g/MM022) and Croes‐Carn‐Einion Villa, Bassaleg (06176g/MM349).
4.3.2 The Mount: Pen‐y‐lan is an Iron Age Hillfort located some 275m to the west of the proposed development area. The enclosure is situated on top of a low ridge with a sloping bank and a flat interior.
4.3.3 Wentloog Castle is located 1.7km to the south‐west of the proposed development area in the village of Castleton. The mound is recorded as measuring 5.5m in height and 12m in diameter. The remains are part of the grounds of a hotel.
4.3.4 Y Gaer: Graig‐y‐Saeson is an Iron Age Hillfort located approximately 1.5km to the north‐north‐east of the proposed development area. It is a small bi‐ vallate hill‐top camp located in woodland, with a track bisecting it.
4.3.5 Gwern‐y‐Cleppa is a Neolithic chambered tomb comprising five orthostats and a single capstone. The site is located in a field set to pasture and in close proximity of the M4 motorway. The site is located 1km to the west of the proposed development area.
4.3.6 Croes‐Carn‐Einion Villa, Bassaleg is a Roman villa noted from aerial photographs. Two buildings are visible as cropmarks with detail allowing interpretation of an aisled building and a possible winged villa. The possibility of a third building was noted during a sit visit in 1992. The site is located 1.5km to the north‐west of the proposed development area.
4.3.7 For summary descriptions of these site see Appendix I.
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4.4 Listed Buildings (Figure 2; Appendix I) 4.4.1 No Listed Buildings are located within the proposed development area. Two grade II Listed Buildings are found within the study area. 4.4.2 The first building is St James Chapel/Castleton Chapel (now Wentloog Chapel) (00008g/17227 II) now locally called Wentloog Cottage. This chapel was probably dedicated to St James although there is no historical record of this. The structure is situated behind Wentllog Castle some 1.7km to the south‐ west of the proposed development area. 4.4.3 The second is Croes‐Heolydd (00042g/2914 II) which is a post‐medieval house in regional style of the late Renaissance. The house is located some 1.2km to the north of the proposed development area. 4.4.4 For summary descriptions of these site see Appendix I.
4.5 Registered Parks and Gardens
4.5.1 A small part of Tredegar Park Registered Park and Gardens falls inside the study area. The gardens cover more than 90ha and were laid down with the construction of Tredegar House in the late seventeenth century. The border of the park lies 1.5km to the west of the proposed development area.
4.6 Non‐designated sites (Figure 3 and 4; Appendix I) 4.6.1 A total of fifty‐two non‐designated sites are known within the study area and a full gazetteer of these can be found in Appendix 1. 4.6.2 None of the sites lie within the development area. The closest site is approximately 100m to the north of the northern development area boundary and is described in the HER as an Unknown Building with no date or other information (05897g). 4.6.3 The earliest non‐designated sites recorded on the HER includes a probable Bronze Age round barrow (site name not known 04552g). Other prehistoric sites include an Iron Age hillfort at Croes‐Carn‐Einion (00041g) and a probable Iron Age enclosure (New Park cropmark enclosure 08952g). A number of prehistoric findspots are also recorded on the HER. These are a Bronze Age palstave (00074g) found near Bassaleg, a Prehistoric Flint Scraper (00022g), a flint scatter (04259g) found north of the M4 at Castleton, two flint scatters (Graig‐y‐Saeson, Flint Find 04261g and Croes Y Heoldydd, Flint Flakes 04285g). 4.6.4 The Roman road (RR60b‐002/003/ 01016.13w) from Caerleon to Loughor is projected to be on the same alignment as the former Newport‐Cardiff road via Bassaleg. This projected road passes 300m to the west of the proposed development area. A small section of Roman road (RR GGAT 0002‐01/ 06279.0g) is also situated some 1km to the east of the proposed development area. A Roman building (05667g) of 2nd‐4th century date is
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located at Great Pencarn Farm and located 2.5km to the south‐south‐east of the proposed development area. It is thought that Roman road RRGGAT0002‐ 1 might be a smaller road leading from the main Cardiff‐Loughor road towards the settlement at Great Pencarn Farm. 4.6.5 A Roman coin hoard including a single denarius and 903 antoniniani (3rd century) was found near Graig‐Y‐Saeson, Bassaleg. 4.6.6 The medieval period is evidenced by thirteen sites recorded on the regional HER. A possible deserted medieval rural settlement at Tre‐deg‐Erw (03313g) is recorded on the HER and is located some 2.2km to the east‐south‐east of the proposed development area. There are four houses of medieval date within the study area. These are Great Pencarn Manor or Court house (00012g), a medieval house (Dyffryn 00013g), a Manor house at Coedkernew Manor house (Coedkernew Manor House 00015g) all described in the HER as extant in the 14th century. The final Manor House (00073g) is located in Bassaleg. A medieval deer park is also located in the study area. This is Gwern‐y‐Cleppa Park (03344.0g) and associated deer park and Gwern‐y‐ Cleppa mansion. Also associated with the park is Gwern‐y‐Cleppa Park Pale (08631g) formed by a broad, low bank running parallel to and north of the later park wall. 4.6.7 Two religious sites of medieval date are located within the study area. These are Coedkernew Church outer enclosure (08614g) and Coedkernew churchyard (08203g) that survives as a curved banked enclosure. 4.6.8 A medieval corn mill (00006g), watermill (10266g), Pen‐Sidan Farm (00043g) and a fishery (00076g) illustrate the agricultural features of the medieval period. 4.6.9 The post‐medieval is represented by fourteen sites, eleven of which are associated with Graig‐y‐Saeson Farm. These comprise of a lynchet (05394.0g), three boundaries (05395.0g, 05401.0g and 05444g), a ditched field boundary (05396.0g), a broad bank (05397.0g), park pale (05397.0g), park walls (05398.0g and 05400.0g), terrace and stone revetment (05399.0g), culvert (05402g) and trough (05403g) all associated with demesne lands of Tredegar Park. Tredegar Park Gamekeepers Cottage (08597g) is also located within the study area to the south of Gwern y Cleppa and dated to the nineteenth century. This cottage is nearly intact. A second cottage (Wentloog Cottage 10265g) survives as a converted dwelling and is thought to have incorporated the remains of the medieval chapel of St James (above). 4.6.10 A post‐medieval rabbit warren (00075g) is located within the study area, near Tredegar Park (3347.0g). It is documented to have been made in 1664 and to have belonged to Squire Morgan. 4.6.11 The post‐medieval period is also attested by the converted All Saints Church at Coedkernew (00014g). The church was built in 1853 on the site of an earlier church, possibly on the site of a known church built in c.1102. The only relic known from the earlier church is a font, now at the west end of the building. The church was converted into a dwelling in 1991.
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4.6.12 A total of six sites are recorded on the HER for which there is no date attribution. A possible Roman‐British enclosure (Gwaunshonbrown Farm 02140g) is located to the east of Pound Lane, Coedkernew and was discovered during aerial photography review (Evans 2001). A site visit found a slight rise that might be natural in origin. A possible deserted rural settlement (Nant‐y‐Moor, Coedkernew 02517g) was identified in 1974 during the M4 survey however its identification is now doubted. Two house platforms are also recorded on the HER (02519g) with other associated earthworks and a hollow‐way and also a possible mill site identified in 1974 (02520g). A ridge and furrow (02521g) is recorded in a series of fields on the north side of the A48 and is thought to date to the medieval or post‐medieval periods. A quarry (05228g) of unknown date is located within the study area and noted on the first edition OS map (1883). It is proposed that the stone was quarried in order to construct the turnpike road walls and associated structures. A site consisting of two trapezoidal enclosures was noted during aerial photographic review. No date can be attributed.
4.7 Portable Antiquities Scheme (Figure 5) 4.7.1 The Portable Antiquities Scheme database was assessed. Twelve finds spots are located in the study area. A single find spot is located within the proposed development area. This PAS entry has not been fully reviewed. The find is thought to be a metal belt hook of medieval date.
4.8 New sites No new sites were discovered during this desk based assessment.
5. Map Regression
5.1 1843 Coedkernew Parish Tithe Map The tithe map shows that the proposed development area was divided into three fields, much the same as they are today. Almost all of these field boundaries have survived to modern times. The tithe apportionment shows that two landowners (Table 1). Most of the land is described as pasture or arable. No other features were found within or in close proximity to the proposed development area.
Table 1. Detail from apportionment to the tithe map of the Parish of Coedkernew Field Land Owner Occupier Field Name Use Number 2 Sir Charles Margaret N/A Arable Baronet Morgan Morgan 27 Sir Charles Bart Margaret N/A Pasture
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Field Land Owner Occupier Field Name Use Number Morgan and Eliza Morgan Thomas 29 Sir Charles Bart Margaret N/A Arable Morgan and Eliza Morgan Thomas
5.2 1883 1st edition OS map (Figure 6) The development area is almost unaltered from this map to present day. No new sites are present.
5.3 1901 2nd edition OS map No hard copy held at Gwent Archives but a microfiche version viewed. No change from the 1st edition map.
5.4 1920 3rd edition OS map This map showed the field boundaries as they are today. No change within the development area from 2nd edition map.
6. Aerial Photographs 6.1 A total of twenty‐two aerial photographs were available to view at the Central Registry of Aerial Photographs in Wales. The photographs did not reveal any new sites. The field boundaries were consistent throughout the photographs.
6.1.1 1946 (13/5/1946) RAF. 106G UK 1502. BW 3050 – 3052 Field boundaries are as they are today. An east‐west linear feature is visible in the eastern field. This is likely to be a trackway. Parallel north‐south in the middle field are harvesting lines. A few features in the western field appear to be natural (geological) in origin and some tracks made in the north corner are likely the result of agricultural machinery.
6.1.2 1947 (29/8/1947) RAF. CPE UK 2267. Black and White. 5003 No features visible. Field boundaries as present layout.
6.1.3 1949 (10/05/1949) RAF. 540 RAF 204. Black and White 5120 No features visible.
6.1.4 1950 (14/5/1950) RAF. 541 RAF 527. Black and White. 3019‐3021 Linear in eastern field visible – projected possibly into the middle field. No other features visible.
6.1.5 1955 (10/3/1955) RAF. 82 RAF 1104. Black and White. 069‐070
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The linear feature in the eastern field is aligned approximately east‐west and appears as a depression in the field.
6.1.6 1962 (2/5/1962) RAF. 58 RAF5098. Black and White 0123‐4 No features visible within the development area.
6.1.7 1962 (1/6/1962) RAF. 58 RAF 5154. Black and white. 0059‐0060 and 0091‐ 0092 A linear leading form the east of the eastern field to the middle of the field is noted. This is likely to be a path worn by animals moving through the field gate.
6.1.8 1962 (3/10/1962) RAF. 58 RAF 5502. Black and White. 59‐61 No features visible within the development area.
6.1.9 1969 (07/03/1969) RAF. 58 RAF 9412. Black and White. 0040 A small scale (1:60,000) photograph. The only noted feature within the development area was a distinct linear in the western field. The feature lies inside the southern field boundary and runs parallel to it for the length of the field boundary. Most likely to be an agricultural feature such as a track.
6.1.10 1971 (1/6/1971) BKS. BKS. Black and white. 2150088 No features visible within development area.
6.1.11 1971 (7/9/71) RAF. 39 RAF 3764. Black and white. 0060 No features visible within development area.
6.1.12 1978 (3/9/1978) Ordnance Survey. OS 78 134. Black and white. 028‐029 No features visible within the development area. The Scheduled Ancient Monument of Pen‐y‐lan camp (outside the development area) has a field boundary on top of its eastern edge.
6.1.13 1979 (22/09/1979) Ordnance Survey. OS 79 130. Black and White. 180‐181 A large linear can be seen cutting across the western field. It is aligned northwest‐southeast and bisects the field into two approximately equal halves. The features continue to the north and to the south. This is likely to be a gas main trench. An east‐west linear is visible in the eastern field and is possibly a historic field boundary.
6.1.14 1980 (4/4/1980) Ordnance Survey. OS 80 010. Black and White. 011‐012 A large linear can be seen cutting across the western field. It is aligned northwest‐southeast and bisects the field into two approximately equal halves. The features continue to the north and to the south. This is likely to be a gas main trench. An east‐west linear is visible in the eastern field and is likely to be a historic field boundary.
6.1.15 1981 (10/7/1981) JA Story and Ptnr. J A Story 8669. Black and White. 13‐15
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A large linear can be seen cutting across the western field. It is aligned northwest‐southeast and bisects the field into two approximately equal halves. The features continue to the north and to the south. This is likely to be a gas main trench. An east‐west linear is visible in the eastern field and is likely to be a historic field boundary.
6.1.16 1984 (10/06/1984) MAFF. No sortie number. Black and white. 82 and 83 Some linears are visible within the development area, however these are thought to represent natural features within the superficial geological deposits. Pen y Lan Camp is visible in the adjacent field.
6.1.17 1985 (29/5/1985) RAF. 1 PRU RAF 0748. Black and White. 10 A wide angle photograph showing most of south‐west Newport. The development area is so small that no detail can be seen. The track leading to the south east of the gas governor is clear.
6.1.18 1985 (31/5/1985) Ordnance Survey. OS 85 087. Black and White. 47‐49 A distinct northwest‐southeast linear is visible bisecting the western field into two almost equal halves. Also a path/track has been made leading south‐east from the gas governor to an area which has been stoned or dug soil/geological deposits.
6.1.19 1989 (15/7/1989) Ordnance Survey. OS 89 379. Black and White. 001 and 002 The development area shows no features. Pen y Lan Camp is clearly visible in the western, adjacent field.
6.1.20 1991 (1/8/1991) Geonex (NRSC) No sortie number. Colour 253‐4 The middle and eastern fields are under pasture whilst the western field has been cut and hay bales situated around the perimeter of the filed. No other features present.
6.1.21 1991 (27/8/1991) Geonex (NRSC) No sortie number. Colour. 84‐86 Linear feature in the eastern field.
6.1.22 1998 (16/11/1998) ADAS 747A,748 Colour ADAS, 28 and 29 The site of Pen y Lan Camp to the west is very clear and separated from the development area by a single field boundary. A possible west north west – east south east linear in the western field. Also a possible right angled crop mark in the eastern field.
7. Walkover survey
7.1 The walkover survey was conducted in August 2015 in dry and bright conditions (Plates 1‐9). The development area was under pasture, at the time
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of the site visit although signs of harvested crops were visible. The site sloped downwards to both the south and east from a high point centred at approximately ST 25354 88386. 7.2 All fields had short grass allowing good visibility. 7.3 No new features could be seen. All features noted from the review of the aerial photographs were investigated and none were visible on the ground. 7.4 Panoramic views from the proposed development area were noted to the east, south east and through to the south west. The Gwent Levels were seen with uninterrupted views. There were no open views to the north as the substantial hedgerow blocked this view. A small gap in the hedge did give a limited view to the sloping fields to the north. The view to the west was limited due to the hedgerow and the topography. No line of site could be established from the proposed development area to the Scheduled Ancient Monument of the Mount: Pen‐y‐lan in the fields to the west.
8. New sites
8.1 No new sites were discovered during this desk based assessment.
Table 2. Complete list of sites found within the study area (from GGAT HER data)
PRN Site Name Period Type NGR 00014g All Saints Church At Coedkernew Post‐Medieval Church ST27618349 00074g Bassaleg Bronze Age Findspot ST2786 05897g Building Unknown Building ST26268490 01016.13w Caerleon ‐ Loughor Roman Road Roman Road ST244842 Coedkernew Church, Possible 08614g Outer Enclosure Early Medieval Enclosure ST27618349 08203g Coedkernew Churchyard Medieval Churchyard ST27618349 Coedkernew, Manor House 00015g (Extant C14th) Medieval Manor house ST27808370 04285g Croes Y Heolydd, Flint Flakes Prehistoric Flint scatter ST270859 Iron 00041g Croes‐Carn‐Einion Age;Unknown Hillfort;earthwork ST25768626 06176g Croes‐Carn‐Einion Villa, Bassaleg Roman Villa ST257864 00042g Croes‐Heolydd Post‐Medieval House ST26398606 00013g Dyffryn Medieval House ST27788446 00076g Fishery Medieval Fishery ST2886 04261g Graig Y Saeson, Flint Find Prehistoric Flint scatter ST279849 05394.0g Graig‐Y‐Saeson Farm Post‐Medieval Lynchet ST27008600 05395.0g Graig‐Y‐Saeson Farm Post‐Medieval Boundary ST27258595 05396.0g Graig‐Y‐Saeson Farm Post‐Medieval Ditch ST27408565
14 ARCHAEOLOGY WALES LTD, RHOS HELYG, CWM BELAN, LLANIDLOES, POWYS SY18 6QF
05397.0g Graig‐Y‐Saeson Farm Post‐Medieval Park pale ST27408550 05398.0g Graig‐Y‐Saeson Farm Post‐Medieval Park wall ST27408550 05399.0g Graig‐Y‐Saeson Farm Post‐Medieval Ha ha ST27708520 05400.0g Graig‐Y‐Saeson Farm Post‐Medieval Park wall ST27508515 05401.0g Graig‐Y‐Saeson Farm Post‐Medieval Boundary ST27708550 05402g Graig‐Y‐Saeson Farm Post‐Medieval Culvert ST27908550 05403g Graig‐Y‐Saeson Farm Post‐Medieval Trough ST27208580 05444g Graig‐Y‐Saeson Farm Post‐Medieval Field boundary ST279861 04252g Graig‐Y‐Saeson, Bassaleg Roman Coin hoard ST278856 05667g Great Pencarn Farm Roman Building ST28108360 00012g Great Pencarn, Extant C14th Medieval Manor house ST28168368 02140g Gwaunshonbrown Farm Unknown Enclosure ST2618084315 00059g Gwern‐Y‐Cleppa Medieval Manor house ST27348591 00061g Gwern‐Y‐Cleppa Neolithic Chambered tomb ST27678503 Gwern‐Y‐Cleppa Park (Former Medieval;Post‐ 03344.0g G03) Medieval Deer park;park ST27758525 Gwern‐Y‐Cleppa Park Pale 08631g (Linear), Coedkernew Medieval Park pale ST27408550 06279.0g Lg Semiconductor Approach Road Roman Road ST28358470 00073g Manor House Medieval Manor house ST2786 00006g Medieval Corn Mill Medieval Water mill ST25108357 Deserted rural 02517g Nant‐Y‐Moor, Coedkernew Unknown settlement ST273847 08952g New Park Cropmark Enclosure Iron Age enclosure ST2528084190 00043g Pen‐Sidan Medieval Farm ST26588570 02519g Possible Hollow Way Unknown Earthwork ST273847 05227g Pp21 Post‐Medieval Building ST279859 05228g Pp24 Unknown Quarry ST267862 00022g Prehistoric Flint Scraper Prehistoric Scraper (tool) ST25308450 02521g Ridge And Furrow, Coedkernew Unknown Ridge and furrow ST265844 02520g Site Name Not Known Unknown Mill ST27458485 04259g Site Name Not Known Prehistoric Flint scatter ST252842 04552g Site Name Not Known Bronze Age Round barrow ST25808480 05225g Site Name Not Known Medieval Park pale ST273860 05372g Site Name Not Known Post‐Medieval Building ST24758471 07560g Site Name Not Known Unknown Enclosure ST27988574 St James Chapel / Casteton 00008g Chapel (Now Wentloog Chapel) Medieval Chapel ST2526983405 00005g The Mount: Pen‐Y‐Lan Iron Age Hillfort ST25858487 Deserted rural 03313g Tre‐Deg‐Erw Medieval settlement ST282848 Tredegar Park Gamekeepers 08597g Lodge Post‐Medieval Estate cottage ST2726485594 00075g Tredegar Park Rabbit Warren Post‐Medieval Rabbit warren ST2886 10266g Watermill MEDIEVAL water mill ST251837 00007g Wentloog Castle Medieval Motte ST25138347 10265g Wentloog Cottage Post‐Medieval cottage ST25238344
15 ARCHAEOLOGY WALES LTD, RHOS HELYG, CWM BELAN, LLANIDLOES, POWYS SY18 6QF
00057g Y Gaer: Graig‐Y‐Saeson Iron Age Hillfort ST27338620
9. Impact of Development
9.1 Impact on known sites 9.1.1 A total of 59 sites were identified within the applied study area. Of these, none were located within the development area. A single find spot of a probable medieval belt hook is recorded on the Portable Antiquities website as being found within the proposed development area. 9.1.2 The impact of the development on the nearby Scheduled Ancient Monument of The Mount: Pen‐y‐lan (00005g/MM133) is negligible. The site is separated from the development area by a series of topographic undulations and field boundaries which serve to block the view. As a result there is no line of site between the development area and the SAM. There is no line of site between the proposed development area and the other SAMs that lie within the study area.
9.2 Impact on potential sites 9.2.1 In addition to the effects outlined above, attention must be drawn to the possibility of previously unknown features, structures or finds being encountered during the development programme. Despite the site being depicted as open pasture/arable land on all available mapping, archaeologically significant features from earlier periods have been encountered in in the locality. The development area occupies a location that forms part of a landscape occupied consistently from the prehistoric period, to modern times. This is attested by the prehistoric features such as Neolithic long barrows, Iron Age Hill forts, Roman villas and roads and a well‐ documented medieval and post medieval park located within the study area (see Table 2 and Appendix 1). Contingencies should be put in place to reflect the possibility of encountering archaeological features and finds from any archaeological period.
9.3 Effect on Scheduled Ancient Monuments 9.3.1 No Scheduled Ancient Monument (SAM) will be directly affected by the proposed development. There is considered to be an indirect (visual) impact on a single Scheduled Ancient Monument. All SAMs within a 5km radius have been assessed to determine intervisibility between the monument and the development area as requested by Cadw.
9.3.2 Fourteen SAM sites are located within the applied radius (Figure 7). However the solar farm may have an indirect (visual) impact upon only one site, The Mount: Pen‐y‐lan (MM133). Visibility between this monument and the development area is negligible, although with the additional height of the solar panels there may be increased intervisibility.
16 ARCHAEOLOGY WALES LTD, RHOS HELYG, CWM BELAN, LLANIDLOES, POWYS SY18 6QF
9.3.3 At approximately 20m east of the western boundary of the development area there is no intervisibility due to the intervening topography.
9.3.4 This development area is separated from the SAM by a road and 275m of gently sloping arable and pasture land with numerous hedgerows. The existing hedgerows and local topography will reduce any impact of the development on the extended setting of this Scheduled Monument. Views from the SAM are anticipated to be confined to views of the top of the panels within the westernmost 20m of the development area. This has the possibility of increasing during winter months when intervening hedgerows thin out. The proposed development is therefore considered to have a Minor indirect (visual) impact.
Table 2: Scheduled Ancient Monuments
SAM Name Value Magnitude Significance of ref. No. of Impact effect MM133 The Mount: Pen-y Lan High Minor Slight
10. Mitigation
10.1 Without suitable forms of archaeological mitigation, it is possible that the proposed development will have an escalated negative effect on any surviving buried archaeological remains. The impact on any remains depends upon the final design of the solar farm and its program of works. 10.2 The proposed development consists of the installation of ground mounted solar Photovoltaic arrays across the development area. These arrays are typically pinned to the ground. Individually they have a limited impact on sub‐surface deposits due to the small land‐take of the pins, however, cumulatively they may be considered to have a larger impact. Associated infrastructure such as the establishment of access track/s, foundation excavations for transformer station/s and substation/s, cable trenching and piling for the surrounding security fence all have the potential to disturb sub‐ surface deposits and therefore have the potential to expose, damage or destroy potential archaeological remains. 10.2 There is a moderate potential to encounter archaeological remains from the prehistoric and Roman periods as attested by the numerous sites found within the study area. These monuments are often found in conjunction with occupation sites in the same locality and frequently isolated finds can appear scattered across the landscape, pointing toward more sustained occupation. 10.3 Every effort should be made to avoid damage to the historic field boundaries during the development with particular regard to the access routes of machinery. If widening of access routes is required then a program of hedgerow survey should be undertaken prior to this.
17 ARCHAEOLOGY WALES LTD, RHOS HELYG, CWM BELAN, LLANIDLOES, POWYS SY18 6QF
10.4 Due to the moderate potential of encountering archaeological remains, it is recommended that an archaeological watching brief, with contingencies, is conducted on any intrusive ground works within the proposed development area. Such works include, but are not limited to, topsoil stripping, trenching and piling. 10.5 The minor indirect visual impact on the Scheduled Ancient Monument (The Mount: Pen‐y‐lan MM133) might be mitigated against by excluding solar panels from the westernmost 20m of the site or by appropriately raising and thickening of hedgerows surrounding the proposed development.
11. Conclusions
11.1 The archaeological desk‐based assessment has assessed the potential impact of the proposed development and examined designated and undesignated sites and landscapes within an agreed search area of 2km around the proposed development area. 11.2 No registered Historic Landscapes were identified within the study area. 11.3 Five Scheduled Ancient Monuments and two Listed Buildings (Grade II) lie within the study area. The proposed development is considered to have no indirect visual impact on the SAM sites within the study area, with the exception of a minor indirect visual impact at The Mount: Pen‐y‐lan (MM133). The proposed development is not considered to have any impact on the listed buildings. 11.4 A total of 59 sites were identified within the applied study area. None were located within the proposed development area. 11.5 No new sites were discovered during this desk based assessment. 11.5 A single find spot of a probable medieval belt hook is recorded on the Portable Antiquities database is located within the proposed development area. 11.6 As little has changed within the development area as attested by the map regression and aerial photographs, it can be assumed that any potential archaeological remains surviving within the proposed area will be well preserved. Because of this, mitigation measures should take the form of an archaeological watching brief, to be carried out during all intrusive ground works associated with the development. Such mitigation will safeguard the archaeological resource during the development.
18 ARCHAEOLOGY WALES LTD, RHOS HELYG, CWM BELAN, LLANIDLOES, POWYS SY18 6QF
Bibliography
The following sources were consulted during the preparation of this Desk‐Based Assessment:
Armour‐Chelu, R.J. and Williams, D.N. 1997, LG Electronics (Phase 1) Stage 4: Watching Brief. 496 97/02
BGS Geology Viewer http://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/geologyOfBritain/viewer.html (Accessed February 2015)
Evans, E. 2001, Romano‐British southeast Wales settlement survey: Final report GGAT Unpublished Report 726
GSB, 1996, Report on geophysical survey, LG Electronics Site, Newport. 3238 96/03
Lewis, L, 1849, A Topographical Dictionary of Wales. London
Locock, M, 1996, Newport Southern Distributer Road: Dyffryn Link Archaeological Field Evaluation (Stage 1). 461 96/04
Pitt, K, 2015, Specification for an Archaeological Desk‐Based Assessment: Cefn Llogell Far, Coedkernew, Newport. AW Unpublished Report
Planning Policy Wales (Edition 7), 2014. Welsh Government. Online Resource http://wales.gov.uk/topics/planning/policy/ppw/?lang=en
RCAHMW, 1982, An Inventory of the Ancient Monuments in Gwent. Cardiff
Yates, A, 1998, Excavations at Great Pencarn Farm, Newport. 3235 98/01
Cartographic Sources 1841 Parish of Coedkernew Tithe Map and Apportionment 1883 First Edition OS Map of Gwent. 1:2,500. Sheet XXXIII.6 and 10 1901 Second Edition OS Map Gwent 1:2,500 Sheet XXXIII.6 and 10 1920 Third Edition OS Map Gwent 1: 2,500 Sheet XXXIII.6 and 10
Aerial Photographs See section 6.
19 ARCHAEOLOGY WALES LTD, RHOS HELYG, CWM BELAN, LLANIDLOES, POWYS SY18 6QF
HER Data Provided by GGAT HER (Appendix 1)
20 Figure1. Location os Scheduled Ancient Monuments (yellow dots). Development area outlined in red and study area delimited by black circle. Figure 2. Location of Listed Buildings (purple dots). Development area outlined in red and study area bounded by black circle. Figure 3. Location of PRN sites (blue dots). Development area outlined in red and study area bounded by black circle. Figure 4. Showing location of the Roman Roads (green line). Development area outlined in red and study area bounded by black circle. Figure 5. Showing location of PAS finds (black spot). Development area outlined in red and study area delimited by black circle. Figure 6. Proposed development area shown in red overlying the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map of 1883. MM184
MM066
MM084 MM349 GM511, GM379 MM134 GM590
MM190 MM022 MM133
MM131 MM032
MM311
Figure 7. Showing all Scheduled Ancient Monuments (blue dot or polygon) within a 5km additional assessment area. Centre of develop- ment area shown by red dot. Plate 1. Western field. View from north-east corner to the north.
Plate 2. Western field. View from mid-way along northern boundary to the east-south-east. Plate 3. Western field. View to north from near the north west corner through break in the field boundary.
Plate 4. Western field. View from the north west corner to the west. No line of site towards The Mount: Pen-y-lan (00005g/MM133) Plate 5. Western field. View from north west corner towards the south east.
Plate 6. Middle field. View from the lower (eastern) part of the field towards the west. Plate 7. Eastern field. View to south from half way along northern field boundary.
Plate 8. Eastern field. View along northern field boundary to the west.
GLAMORGAN GWENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRUST HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD ENQUIRY REPORT - CORE RECORDS
Enquiry reference number: 5070 Prepared by: Sue Hill, Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust Produced for: Kate Pitt, Archaeology Wales Ltd
The following information has been provided under the terms and conditions of access as detailed on the GGAT HER Enquiry and Copyright Declaration forms. Copyright is reserved on all data supplied by the GGAT HER Charitable Trust. All output resulting from the use of the data must acknowledge the source as follows:- Derived from information held by the GGAT HER Charitable Trust copyright.
If you wish to use information derived from material held by the GGAT HER Charitable Trust for publication in printed or multimedia form or to compile resources for commercial use (with the exception of grey literature reports), prior permission must be obtained in writing.
Search criteria
Cefn Llogegg Farm, Coedkernew
PRN 00005g NAME The Mount: Pen-y-Lan NGR ST25858487 COMMUNITY Michaelstone-y-fedw TYPE Iron Age, Hillfort, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Earthwork encircles the summit of a small hill which is situated in fairly low-lying ground, with no strong natural defences. DESCRIPTION Earthwork encircles the summit of a small hill which is situated in fairly low-lying ground, with no strong natural defences. The enclosure is sited on the top of a low ridge and consists of a gently sloping bank or scarp around a flat interior. (Wiggins and Evans 2005) A circular enclosure of approximately 73m in diameter, with a single bank and ditch that have been reduced from ploughing in the 1970s and 1980s. Defences are bivallate or annexed. The enclosure is sited on the top of a low ridge and consists of a gently sloping bank or scarp around a flat interior. To the north is a bank with a maximum internal height of 0.3m, but with a maximum external height of 1.8m. Outside of this is a sloping berm followed by a gently sloping scarp with a maximum height of 1.5m. To the east is a scarp of 1.5m with a faint ditch, on the south a bank with an internal height similar to the north side and with an external height of 1.5m. To the east there is no external ditch, but on the west end it has a steeper bank and an external ditch with a depth of 1.2m. On the west side is a very low scarp and no external ditch. The defences to the north of the main enclosure may be interpreted as an annexe when looking at the aerial photos, although the RCAHMW survey of the monument does not support this theory - as the ends of the earthwork do not seem to curve inwards to enclose the area between, but instead tail off. (Wiggins 2006) CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001918 DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-26 00:00:00 STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM133 CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 307830 GGATE001550, GGATE001914 , GGATE001915 , GGATE001916, GGATE001917, GGATE001918, GGATE002240 SOURCES Report Wiggins, H and Evans, E 2005 Prehistoric defended enclosures in Glamorgan with recommendations for fieldwork 1828 Report Wiggins, H 2006 Prehistoric defended enclosures in Gwent 2682 01/MM Record Card/OS///1962/ST 28 SE 1/
http://walesher1974.org/her/temp/prev.htm?prm=0.3813739794245573[03/08/2015 14:39:57] 04/MM Air Photo//West Air///Bv 1778/11/ 03/PM List//Mow//1953/Ams Eng & Wales/136 02/PM Desc Text////1950/BBCS/13,235 08/MM AP/West Air Photography//BU 1778/11/ 05/MM Photo/GGAT/Lewis/W/1980// 06/MM AP/GGAT/Parkhouse/J/10.2.86// 07/MM Desc Text/AM 107/Whittle/E/1987/ 09/MM A-P/GGAT/Owen John/H/23.08.89/A92 17-19 10/MMAP/RCAHM/1992/925305-20
PRN 00006g NAME Medieval Corn Mill NGR ST25108357 COMMUNITY Marshfield TYPE Medieval, Water mill, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Corn mill disused & comparatively modern. No visible remains of an earlier mill in the vicinity & no one contacted who had any knowledge of a medieval mill. Tithe maps were not available locally. DESCRIPTION Corn mill disused & comparatively modern. No visible remains of an earlier mill in the vicinity & no one contacted who had any knowledge of a medieval mill. Tithe maps were not available locally. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-26 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003923 SOURCES
02/PM Map/Rees/W/1932/S Wales & Border in C14th 01/MM Record Card/OS/1957/ST 28 SE 2
PRN 00007g NAME Wentloog Castle NGR ST25138347 COMMUNITY Marshfield TYPE Medieval, Motte, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Castle mound is 18ft high and has a flat top with a 40ft diameter. Stands on the grounds of a hotel. DESCRIPTION Castle mound is 18ft high and has a flat top with a 40ft diameter. Stands on the grounds of a hotel. CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-26 00:00:00 STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM131 CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 94904, related PRN 8G GGATE003923 SOURCES
01/MM Record Card/OS/1957/ST 28 SE 3 05/PM Desc Text/Arch Camb/5th series Vol 2 p267 03/PM Desc Text/Pinnock/Hist & Topog of Eng & Wales/Vol5 p182,58 07/PM List/MoW/1953/Ancient Monuments/p138 02/PM Desc Text/Coxe/1904/Hist Tour Thro Mon/p78 04/PM Desc Text/1930/JBAA/vol 35 n.s. p202 08/PM Desc Text/Smith/LT/1906/Itinerary in Wales 1536-9 p12 06/PM Map/Rees/W/1932/S Wales & Border in C14th 09/MM Desc Text/AM 107/Whittle, E/1987 10/MM A-P/GGAT/Owen John/H/23.08.89/A92 10-12 11/MMAP/RCAHM/1992/925305-22 12/MM Desc Text/CADW/1992/AM107 13/MM Desc Text/CADW/1992/AM107 14 Desc Text/Cadw/Full Management Report/2007/Copy in further information file.
PRN 00008g NAME St James Chapel / Casteton Chapel (now Wentloog Chapel) NGR ST2526983405 COMMUNITY Marshfield TYPE Medieval, Chapel, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Wentloog Cottage was probably the Chapel dedicated to St James, though there is no historical record of this. The building which is locally called Wentloog Cottage is behind Wentloog Castle.
http://walesher1974.org/her/temp/prev.htm?prm=0.3813739794245573[03/08/2015 14:39:57] DESCRIPTION Wentloog Cottage was probably the Chapel dedicated to St James, though there is no historical record of this. The building which is locally called Wentloog Cottage is behind Wentloog Castle It appears to be an outbuilding, i.e. `old barn' of Wentloog House, converted, with dormers. On the other side of the lane, on the corner, is a churchyard. On the other side of the property is a structure which appears to be quite old, called Church Cottage (OS card ST 28 SE 3). Evans 2003: GGAT 73 Early-Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project database CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2004-03-12 00:00:00 STATUS listed building 17227 II CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003923 SOURCES
02/PM Desc Text/Coxe/1904/Hist Tour Thro Monm/p78 04/MM Oval/Jones/1957/Vicar of Marshfield 01/MM Record Card/OS/1957/ST 28 SE 3/ 05/MM Notes/Soc Ants/Wakeman/T/790,33 03/PM Desc Text/Pinnock/Hist & Topog of Eng & Wales Evans EM, 2003-04, GGAT 73 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project
PRN 00012g NAME GREAT PENCARN, EXTANT C14TH NGR ST28168368 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Medieval, Manor house, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Manor house or Court house, extant in the C14th. DESCRIPTION Manor house or Court house, extant in the C14th. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-26 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003923 SOURCES
01/MM Record Card/OS/1955/ST 28 SE 9 02/PM Map/Rees/W/1932/South Wales & Border in C14th
PRN 00013g NAME DYFFRYN NGR ST27788446 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY House, extant in the C14th according to Rees, buildings destroyed for LG development were 17th, 18th and 19th century DESCRIPTION House, extant in the C14th. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-26 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003923 SOURCES
01/MM Record Card/OS/1955/ST 28 SE 10 02/PM Map/Rees/W/1932/South Wales & Border in C14th
PRN 00014g NAME ALL SAINTS CHURCH AT COEDKERNEW NGR ST27618349 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Post-Medieval, Church, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The church was built 1853, on site of earlier church, and probably on site of church mentioned c1102. The only relic from the earlier church is a font, now at the W end of the building. It was converted to a dwelling in 1991. DESCRIPTION The church was built 1853, on site of earlier church, and probably on site of church mentioned c1102. The only relic from the earlier church is a font, now at the W end of the building. It was made redundant and converted to a dwelling in 1991, so it was not included in the Historic Churches Survey. Brook (1988, 77) suggests this may be Pencarnov, for
http://walesher1974.org/her/temp/prev.htm?prm=0.3813739794245573[03/08/2015 14:39:57] which another NGR is proposed in SMR (as PRN 00019g) Edith Evans, GGAT 73 Early-Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project, 2003-04 (Yr1 and 2) CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2004-03-12 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001386, GGATE001432, GGATE003923 SOURCES Evans, E M 2003 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical sites in Southeast Wales: Desk based assessment 1317 Evans, E M 2004 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical sites in Southeast Wales: Rapid field survey of selected sites 1346 03/PM Map/Rees/W/1932/South Wales & Border in C14th/SE Sheet 02/PM Desc Text/Evans CJO/1954/Monm Hist & Topog/p274 01/MM Record Card/OS/1957/ST 28 SE 11 Evans EM, 2003-04, GGAT 73 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project
PRN 00015g NAME COEDKERNEW, MANOR HOUSE (EXTANT C14TH) NGR ST27808370 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Medieval, Manor house, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Coedkernew, in the early days of the conquest, was a manor of the lordship of Gwynllog and was held by Iorwerth ap Rees. This lord had his own manor house as well as his own demesnes, tenantry and courts. DESCRIPTION Coedkernew, in the early days of the conquest, was a manor of the lordship of Gwynllog and was held by Iorwerth ap Rees. This lord had his own manor house as well as his own demesnes, tenantry and courts. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-26 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003923 SOURCES
01/MM Record Card/OS/1950/ST 28 SE 12 03/PM Desc Text/1930/JBAA/Vol35 p203 02/PM Map/Rees/W/1932/South Wales & Border in C14th
PRN 00022g NAME Prehistoric Flint Scraper NGR ST25308450 COMMUNITY Michaelstone-y-fedw TYPE Prehistoric, Scraper (tool), RANK: 1 SUMMARY Small fragment of a convex end scraper of dark grey flint. A surface find. DESCRIPTION Small fragment of a convex end scraper of dark grey flint. A surface find. Prehistoric (not further defined) Scraper, One tool type and material, Single item. No function ascribed. Exposure not specified. GGAT 66 Lithics survey 2000. CONDITION CONDITION: Moved DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-27 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
03/MM Record Card/NMW/S2.37/6 02/PM Desc Text/Webley/D/1957/BBCS/Vol17 p116 01/MM Record Card/OS/1957/ST 28 SE 19
PRN 00041g NAME Croes-Carn-Einion NGR ST25768626 COMMUNITY Graig TYPE Iron Age, Hillfort, RANK: 0 Unknown, earthwork, RANK: 1 SUMMARY This earthwork is considered to be nothing more than an old fieldway. There are no features indicative of a camp or similar earthwork. DESCRIPTION The OS card entry for 1957 says about this site; The 'earthwork' occupies no significant topographical
http://walesher1974.org/her/temp/prev.htm?prm=0.3813739794245573[03/08/2015 14:39:57] situation and has higher ground adjoining it on the north. It consists of a 14m wide ditch with a maximum depth of 1m It looks like a meandering old farm track which has been widened and deepened for some purpose. The rather sharp edges left by irregular digging in the sides of the ditch indicate a comparatively recent origin for the earthwork. For this reason the 1962 entry then concludes that: this earthwork is considered to be nothing more than an old fieldway. There are no features indicative of a camp or similar earthwork. The 1979 entry then adds weight to this argument against it being of a prehistoric date as the site was cut through in section for a pipe trench during which dressed masonry, mortared stone and tiles were found. Looked at by GGAT63 - slight bank - possibly connected with adjacent villa. Condition near destroyed CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-27 00:00:00 CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2009-12-03 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 06176g GGATE001550 SOURCES Report Wiggins, H 2006 Prehistoric defended enclosures in Gwent 2682 03/PM Desc Text//Lambert/IJ/1979/Arch in Wales/Vol19.Art No44 01/MM Record Card/OS///1962/ST 28 NE 3/ 02/PM Desc Text/////BBCS/Vol13.p237
PRN 00042g NAME Croes-Heolydd NGR ST26398606 COMMUNITY Graig TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Regional style stone house of the late Renaissance. Large 2-room plan with porch & stairs wing. Framed stairs, with newel & rail of early character, ca.1660. DESCRIPTION Regional style stone house of the late Renaissance. Large 2-room plan with porch & stairs wing. Framed stairs, with newel & rail of early character, ca.1660. CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-27 00:00:00 STATUS listed building 2914 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 36734 GGATE002555 SOURCES
04/MM Record Card/Newport Museum/Trett/R/19.6.1984/Accession Forms 01/MM Record Card/OS///1957/ST 28 NE 4/ 02/PM Desc Text//Pickford/JAF/1946/Between Mountain & Marsh/p78-80 03/PM Desc Text////1954/Monm Houses/pt3 p159
PRN 00043g NAME PEN-SIDAN NGR ST26588570 COMMUNITY Graig TYPE Medieval, Farm, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Farmhouse & outbuildings are modern & the owner has no knowledge of a medieval building in this vicinity. No remains of such a building were found. DESCRIPTION Farmhouse & outbuildings are modern & the owner has no knowledge of a medieval building in this vicinity. No remains of such a building were found. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-27 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
02/PM Map//Rees/W/1932/S.Wales & Border in 14th Cnt/ 01/MM Record Card/OS///1957/ST 28 NE 5/
PRN 00057g NAME Y Gaer: Graig-y-Saeson NGR ST27338620 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Iron Age, Hillfort, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Small bi-vallate hill-top camp. The strength of the rampart indicates that this was a defensive earthwork & the
http://walesher1974.org/her/temp/prev.htm?prm=0.3813739794245573[03/08/2015 14:39:57] construction seems typical of an Iron Age fort. DESCRIPTION Small bi-vallate hill-top camp. The strength of the rampart indicates that this was a defensive earthwork & the construction seems typical of an Iron Age fort. The hillfort is situated on a hilltop to the west of Newport. Circular and with a single bank and outer ditch, the interior is mainly flat, but slopes gently to the south. In the middle of the east side is a gap of about 3m, 1.6m deep, with a corresponding causeway across the ditch. The bank has an external height of 2.5m, and internal height of 1m (south of the gap) and 2m (north of the gap). The ditch is 1.5m deep. south of the causeway is becomes boggy and a ditch or watercourse leads off it to the east, turns to the southeast and then runs along a field boundary before petering out. Along the north side the bank has an internal height of 2m and an external height of 3m and the ditch here is 1-2m deep. (Wiggins 2006) CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-27 00:00:00 STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM134 CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 307812 GGATE001550, GGATE003853, GGATE003700 SOURCES Report Wiggins, H 2006 Prehistoric defended enclosures in Gwent 2682 Report Locock, M 1994 Archaeological desk-based assessment Pentrepoeth (A468 Bassaleg Bypass) 152 94/01 05/MM Desc Text/AM 107/Whittle E/1987// 01/MM Record Card/OS//1962/ST 28 NE 14/ 04/MM AP/GGAT/Parkhouse J/10.2.86// 03/MM Record Card/OS//1978/ST 28 NE 14/ 02/PM Desc Text//Savory HN/1948-50/BBCS/Vol 13.p 235 06/MMAP/RCAHM//1992//925305-13 07/MM Desc Text/CADW/1991/AM107/ 07/AP/West Air Photography ref 29151/Copy in further information file.
PRN 00059g NAME GWERN-Y-CLEPPA NGR ST27348591 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Medieval, Manor house, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Unfortified Manor or Court house extant in the 14th C. Today it is a confused mass of rock & earth with the foundations hardly distinguishable. DESCRIPTION Unfortified Manor or Court house extant in the 14th C. Today it is a confused mass of rock & earth with the foundations hardly distinguishable. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-27 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
06/MM Desc Text/CADW/1991/AM107/ pp 10-11 05/PM Desc Text//Pickford JAF/1946/Between Mountain & Marsh/pp61-7 01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 28 NE 16/ 02/PH Desc Text///1883/Hist. Trads.& Facts.Newport & Caerleon/Vol 4. 04/PM Map//Rees W/1932/S.Wales & Border in 14th Cnt/SE Sheet 03/PH Desc Text//Coxe W/1801/Hist Tour in Mon/p6
PRN 00061g NAME Gwern-y-Cleppa NGR ST27678503 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Neolithic, Chambered tomb, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The present visit noted 7 stones situated in a slight hollow on a local summit in Cleppa Park. The site comprises 1 capstone, 5 upright stones (orthastats) and a 6th beneath the capstone. S recumbent stone-diameter; 1.2m x 0.5m height; 0.7m. W orthastat- DESCRIPTION The present visit noted 7 stones situated in a slight hollow on a local summit in Cleppa Park. The site comprises 1 capstone, 5 upright stones (orthastats) and a 6th beneath the capstone. S recumbent stone-diameter; 1.2m x 0.5m height; 0.7m. W orthastat-diameter; 0.9m 0.6m height; 0.85m. 2 central stones-diameter; 0.6m x 0.5m and 0.8m x 0.4m. NW orthastat-diameter; 0.5m x 1m height; 0.5m. SE orthastat-diameter; 1.2m x 0.5m height; 1.1m. The capstone is a conglomerate, as are the others, and leans to the W on a 45 degree angle over a recumbent stone that appears to have originally stood
http://walesher1974.org/her/temp/prev.htm?prm=0.3813739794245573[03/08/2015 14:39:57] upright. The triangular shaped capstone is quite small (2.2m x 1.8m x 0.3m), has collapsed to the SE over the recumbent stone, and would only cover half of the barrow chamber thus indicating a loss of at least half of the stone in antiquity. The mound is aligned NW-SE whilst the alignment of the chamber is N-S (6.5m NE-SW x 4.5m SE-NW). The perimeter of the mound is regular, steeply sloping to the S, while the N side has a negligible gradient. The Chambered Tomb has commanding views over the Severn Estuary. Dimensions: diameter 17m; height 1.2m (1925) Cleppa Park. Clearly the remains of burial chamber, but traces of the original covering mound are faint. It was probably oriented due E-W. The remains of the mound are most clear around the chamber at the E end where the mound is almost 50ft across. To the W, traces of the mound are visible and may be informed from hummocky brown patches of turf: if the inference from these paches is correct the original length of the mound would have been about 135ft. (Source 01/02) (1955) The chamber consists at present of seven stones - a capstone, three standing uprights, one fallen and two small half buried stones. The supporting stones of the chamber have been mutilated and the coverer (capstone) broken, but enough remains to show that the whole structure was of considerable size. Three of the uprights remain in situ, the largest measures .3'6" high, but appears to have been broken off at this height, another stone which evidently formed one of the supports now lies partly under the coverer. The covering stone (capstone) has been split in two and only one part remains.The cist (chamber) lay SE & NW (?) and the mound which covered it was about 50ft diameter of which traces remain. (Source 01) (1987) The burial chamber lies in a permanent pasture field, grazed by cows and sheep, on ground sloping to the SE. Just below it, to the SE, is the M4 motorway. It consists of a group of 7 stones of varying sizes standing in a slight hollow on a low mound. The mound is c.1m high to the E and W, of negligible height to the N, and c.1.5-2m high on the S. Its sides slope gently. At the E end is a conglomerate upright c.1m high, 0.8m wide and 0.6m thick. To the W of it are 2 small stones 0.4 and 0.5m high and 0.6m wide. W of these is another conglomerate stone 0.8m high, and S of it the large capstone which rests on a smaller stone and is tilted towards the S. It is 1.8 by 1.5m. To the W of it is another smaller stone 1 by 0.6m. (Source 04) (1991) Site is located in a pasture field close to the M4 motorway. According to neighbours the farm has been sold to a consortium in Jersey who have submitted a planning application for a golf course. (Source 07) GGAT 72 Prehistoric Funerary and Ritual Sites Project 2003 CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-27 00:00:00 STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM022 CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 94861 GGATE003700 SOURCES
03/PH Mention///1849/Arch Camb/Vol 4 pp 294-320/3rd Annual Meeting pp151-2 01/MM Record Card/OS//1962/ST 28 NE 18/ 02/PM Desc Text//Crawford OGS/1925/Long Barrows of the Cotswolds/ 04/MM Desc Text/AM 107/Whittle E/1987// Cardiff Pm desc text/Evans EM/2003/GGAT 72 Prehistoric Funerary and Ritual Sites Project 06/MM AP/RCAHM//1992//925305-16Cardiffpp151-2 07/PM Desc Text/AM107/Taylor F/1991 05/MM A-P/GGAT/Owen John H/23.08.89/A92.20/ 06/MM AP/RCAHM//1992//925305-16
PRN 00073g NAME Manor House NGR ST2786 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Medieval, Manor house, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Bassaleg in the early days of the conquest was a manor of the Lordship of Gwynllwg & was held by William de Berkerolles. DESCRIPTION Bassaleg in the early days of the conquest was a manor of the Lordship of Gwynllwg & was held by William de Berkerolles. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-27 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
02/PM Desc Text//Rees W/1930/JBAA/Vol 35, new series,p.203 01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 28 NE 28/ 03/PM Map//Rees/W/1932/S.Wales & Border in 14th Cent./S.E. Sheet
http://walesher1974.org/her/temp/prev.htm?prm=0.3813739794245573[03/08/2015 14:39:57] PRN 00074g NAME BASSALEG NGR ST2786 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Bronze Age, Findspot, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A bronze palstave of fully evolved looped type with a stout midrib; overall length is 5.6in. Found in a field near the school house at Bassaleg. DESCRIPTION A bronze palstave of fully evolved looped type with a stout midrib; overall length is 5.6in. Found in a field near the school house at Bassaleg. CONDITION CONDITION: Moved DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-27 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003700 SOURCES
03/PM List/Lillie MC/1991/Bronze Age Gwent (University of Nottingham dissertation) p74 01/MM Record Card/OS/1959/ST 28 NE 29 02/PM Desc Text/Savory HN/1955/BBCS/Vol16 pt3 p21, pl1A,3
PRN 00075g NAME TREDEGAR PARK RABBIT WARREN NGR ST2886 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Post-Medieval, Rabbit warren, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Documented reference to the existence of a rabbit warren near Tredegar Park at Newport (PRN 3347.0g) made in 1664, said to have belonged to Squire Morgan. DESCRIPTION Documented reference to the existence of a rabbit warren near Tredegar Park at Newport (PRN 3347.0g) made in 1664, said to have belonged to Squire Morgan. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-27 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 3347.0g SOURCES
01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 28 NE 30/ 02/PH Desc Text//Shirley E/1867/English Deer Parks/p.199
PRN 00076g NAME Fishery NGR ST2886 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Medieval, Fishery, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Deffren Ebbot alias Ebboth 40s.rent, a watermill or a fishery. Described as devastated or depriciated by war. DESCRIPTION Deffren Ebbot alias Ebboth 40s.rent, a watermill or a fishery. Described as devastated or depriciated by war. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-27 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 28 NE 31/ 02/PM List///1912/Cal.of Inqs.pm, Edw 1/V.3 NS.371,p.248
PRN 01016.13w NAME CAERLEON - LOUGHOR ROMAN ROAD NGR ST244842 COMMUNITY Michaelstone-y- fedw TYPE Roman, Road, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The former Newport-Cardiff road via Bassaleg is thought to follow the Roman route between Caerleon and Loughor. There are traces of it on photographs at this point. DESCRIPTION The former Newport-Cardiff road via Bassaleg is thought to follow the Roman route between Caerleon and Loughor. There are traces of it on photographs at this point.
http://walesher1974.org/her/temp/prev.htm?prm=0.3813739794245573[03/08/2015 14:39:57] CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1995-02-11 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001657 SOURCES Report Evans, E M 2001 Romano-British southeast Wales settlement survey: Final report 726 01/PM Mention/Trott B/1976/Arch in Wales p36 02/PM Mention/Goodburn R/1978/Britannia volIX p409
PRN 02140g NAME Gwaunshonbrown Farm NGR ST2618084315 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Unknown, Enclosure, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A possible much-eroded earthwork enclosure was noted on an AP immediately E of Pound Lane, Coedkernew. The cropmark is situated on a knoll, possibly utilised as a semi-defensive siting for a small earthwork enclosure. DESCRIPTION A possible much-eroded earthwork enclosure was noted on an AP immediately E of Pound Lane, Coedkernew. The cropmark is situated on a knoll, possibly utilised as a semi-defensive siting for a small earthwork enclosure. GGAT 63 Romano-British SE Wales Settlement Survey (2001) A possible much-eroded earthwork enclosure was noted on an AP immediately east of Pound Lane, Coedkernew. The cropmark is situated on a knoll, possibly utilised as a semi-defensive siting for a small earthwork enclosure. A field visit in 2006 concluded that nothing was to be seen from this site except a slight rise, which may be natural, as this area in general is undulating. The area commands good views out over the Estuary and the Gwent Levels. It cannot be stated for certain either way regarding the defensive nature of this site, although from the black and white aerial photo of the site it does suggest some possible buried earthworks. (Wiggins 2006) CONDITION CONDITION: Near destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-16 00:00:00 CONDITION: Near Destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001521 DATE OF ENTRY: 2009-12-03 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001521, GGATE001550, GGATE001657 SOURCES Report Wiggins, H 2006 Prehistoric defended enclosures in Gwent 2682 Report Evans, E M 2001 Romano-British southeast Wales settlement survey: Final report 726 Pm desc text/Evans E/2001/GGAT 63 Romano-British SE Wales Settlement Survey 01/PM Letter/Vyner BE/19.8.76 02/ AP/Aerofilms A193021
PRN 02517g NAME Nant-y-Moor, Coedkernew NGR ST273847 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Unknown, Deserted rural settlement, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Two possible platforms identified by UCC in 1974 as part of M4 survey, on ground sloping to S, N of the A48. Destroyed by motorway. Evidence recently re-examined and identification is now doubted. No related features visible. DESCRIPTION Two possible platforms identified by UCC in 1974 as part of M4 survey, on ground sloping to S, N of the A48. Destroyed by motorway. Evidence recently re-examined and identification is now doubted. No related features visible. DRS Site Visit: 16/1/2001 GGAT 65 Deserted Rural Settlements in Glamorgan and Gwent (2001) CONDITION CONDITION: Destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 2518-9G GGATE003449, GGATE003941 SOURCES
01/MM Note/UCC/1975/M4 Survey Pm desc text/Locock M/2001/GGAT 65 Deserted Rural Settlements in Glamorgan and Gwent: a condition survey
PRN 02519g NAME POSSIBLE HOLLOW WAY NGR ST273847 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Unknown, Earthwork, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Two house platforms (2517-8G) and other slight earthworks (a hollow way?) (2519G) in W part of field N of small brook.
http://walesher1974.org/her/temp/prev.htm?prm=0.3813739794245573[03/08/2015 14:39:57] DESCRIPTION Two house platforms (2517-8G) and other slight earthworks (a hollow way?) (2519G) in W part of field N of small brook. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 2517-8G GGATE003941 SOURCES
01/MM Note/UCC/1975/M4 Survey
PRN 02520g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST27458485 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Unknown, Mill, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Possible mill site, off direct course of M4, found by Jack Stevenson, 2.12.73. DESCRIPTION Possible mill site, off direct course of M4, found by Jack Stevenson, 2.12.73. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000411 SOURCES
01/MM Note/UCC/1975/M4 Survey
PRN 02521g NAME Ridge and Furrow, Coedkernew NGR ST265844 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Unknown, Ridge and furrow, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A ridge and furrow in a series of fields opposite Berrykent Farm and on the north side of the A48; there are lynchets along the field boundaries (GGAT Site Record). DESCRIPTION A ridge and furrow in a series of fields opposite Berrykent Farm and on the north side of the A48; there are lynchets along the field boundaries (GGAT Site Record ). This record was made as part of the Marginal Land Survey c.1976- 77, before the construction of the motorway which fragmented the fields in which the earthworks were noted. The sketch plan on the record card shows two complete fields marked 'R&F'; 'rig and furrow' is also marked on the field immediately to their west, but only the extreme eastern end of this field is depicted on the sketch map. Comparison with historical mapping shows that the two fields had recently been amalgamed from a group of five fields and a garden depicted on maps earlier in the 20th century, and numbered 68-73 on the 3rd edn 25" OS. The field to the west (previously two fields) was nos 61 and 62. Historical mapping names the farm as 'Berryhill'. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES Documents Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Site Record (Marginal Land Survey)
PRN 03313g NAME TRE-DEG-ERW NGR ST282848 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Medieval, Deserted rural settlement, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Possible DMV. Tre-deg-erw, dwelling of the ten acres. It's a mystery how it got on the OS map "for there is no such place, nor ever was such a name or place that anyone now living can recollect or ever heard of, and there never was any field of ten acres DESCRIPTION Tre-deg-erw the dwelling of the 10 acres. It's a mystery how it got on the OS map "for there is no such place, nor ever was such a name or place that anyone now living can recollect or ever heard of, and there never was any field of ten acres to have given this name" said O Morgan, 1886. CONDITION
http://walesher1974.org/her/temp/prev.htm?prm=0.3813739794245573[03/08/2015 14:39:57] CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-03 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
04/PH Desc Text/Morgan O/1886/Arch Camb vol3 5th series p103 02/PH Map/OS/1835/1" 1st edition 03/PM AP/RAF/1.6.1962/F22/58/5154/0057-9 01/MM Record Card/OS/1978/ST 28 SE 20
PRN 03344.0g NAME Gwern-y-Cleppa Park (Former G03) NGR ST27758525 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Medieval, Deer park, RANK: 2 Post-Medieval, park, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Gwern-y-Cleppa Park, associated with Gwern-y-Cleppa mansion, with possible medieval antecedents. DESCRIPTION Gwern-y-Cleppa Park (Former G03). Cleppa Park was a post-medieval park whose outlines can be roughly traced on 1st-3rd edns OS map, associated with associated with Gwern-y-Cleppa mansion. The OS Record Card (ST 28 NE 17) identifies this as probably extant in 14th century, and belonging to another branch of the Morgan family that resided at Tredegar Park. The modern Cleppa Park buisness park occupies a small area of the post-medieval park. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-12-23 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003700 SOURCES Documents OS Record Card
PRN 04252g NAME GRAIG-Y-SAESON, BASSALEG NGR ST278856 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Roman, Coin hoard, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman coin hoard (3rd century) DESCRIPTION One denarius and 903 antoniniani, date range of Maximus I - Victorinus; decayed traces of a pewter container CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1987-03-26 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003700, GGATE001657 SOURCES Report Evans, E M 2001 Romano-British southeast Wales settlement survey: Final report 726 02/pm mention//Trett R/1987/Arch Wales/p48 01/mm list/NMW/Besly EM/1986//
PRN 04259g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST252842 COMMUNITY Michaelstone-y-fedw TYPE Prehistoric, Flint scatter, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Surface find, worked flint flake. DESCRIPTION Surface find, worked flint flake. Prehistoric (not further defined). One tool type and material, Single item. No function ascribed. Exposure not specified. GGAT 66 Lithics survey 2000. CONDITION CONDITION: Moved DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1987-05-27 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
http://walesher1974.org/her/temp/prev.htm?prm=0.3813739794245573[03/08/2015 14:39:57]
01/PM Record Card/NMW/Accession card
PRN 04261g NAME Graig y Saeson, Flint Find NGR ST279849 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Prehistoric, Flint scatter, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Worked flint flake, surface find. DESCRIPTION Worked flint flake, surface find. Prehistoric (not further defined). One tool type and material, Single item. No function ascribed. Exposure not specified. GGAT 66 Lithics survey 2000. CONDITION CONDITION: Moved DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1987-05-27 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003700, GGATE002393 SOURCES
01/MM Record Card/NMW/Accession number 55.47/35 02/PM Desc Text/Webley D/1955/BBCS volXVI ptIII pp210-11
PRN 04285g NAME Croes Y Heolydd, Flint Flakes NGR ST270859 COMMUNITY Graig TYPE Prehistoric, Flint scatter, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Prehistoric (not further defined). One tool type and material, Group of 2-10. No function ascribed. Exposure not specified. GGAT 66 Lithics survey 2000. DESCRIPTION Prehistoric (not further defined). One tool type and material, Group of 2-10. No function ascribed. Exposure not specified. GGAT 66 Lithics survey 2000. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1987-06-15 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003700 SOURCES
PRN 04552g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST25808480 COMMUNITY Michaelstone-y-fedw TYPE Bronze Age, Round barrow, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The undated cropmark identified in 1992 next to the `Mount' fort could not be found during the present study. The field is under turnip stubble and the mound has presumably been ploughed out. DESCRIPTION The undated cropmark identified in 1992 next to the `Mount' fort could not be found during the present study. The field is under turnip stubble and the mound has presumably been ploughed out. It may well have been a Bronze Age barrow and could have just as easily been used as a trig point by OS. Dimensions: Dimensions not known. (1992) Undated cropmark (?) (Source 01) GGAT 72 Prehistoric Funerary and Ritual Sites Project 2003 CONDITION CONDITION: Destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1993-03-17 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
01/MM AP/RCHAM/1992/925305-20 Pm desc text/Evans EM/2003/GGAT 72 Prehistoric Funerary and Ritual Sites Project
PRN 05225g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST273860 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Medieval, Park pale, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A feature intrepreted as a lynchet or park pale (boundary fence and ditch) of the north boundary of the post- medieval deer park of Cleppa Park
http://walesher1974.org/her/temp/prev.htm?prm=0.3813739794245573[03/08/2015 14:39:57] DESCRIPTION A feature intrepreted as a lynchet or park pale (boundary fence and ditch) of the north boundary of the post- medieval deer park of Cleppa Park was noted by Borthwick (1992). CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-06-27 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT PENTREPOETH (A468 BASSA ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT PENTREPOETH (A468 BASSALEG BY-PASS REPORT NO. 94/007 PROJECT NO. A170
PRN 05227g NAME PP21 NGR ST279859 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Post-Medieval, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY PP 21 Graig-y-Saeson Farm From cartographic evidence, it seems that Graig-y-Saeson Farm wasbuilt in the mid 19th century, and the name was transferred from Coed-y-Defaid (Borthwick 1992, 32-33). Borthwick rejects any particular significance for DESCRIPTION PP 21 Graig-y-Saeson Farm From cartographic evidence, it seems that Graig-y-Saeson Farm wasbuilt in the mid 19th century, and the name was transferred from Coed-y-Defaid (Borthwick 1992, 32-33). Borthwick rejects any particular significance for the Saeson (= foreigner, Saxon)place-name element. - Saeson generally means "English" (SMRO) CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-06-27 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT PENTREPOETH (A468 BASSA ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT PENTREPOETH (A468 BASSALEG BY-PASS REPORT NO. 94/007 PROJECT NO. A170
PRN 05228g NAME PP24 NGR ST267862 COMMUNITY Graig TYPE Unknown, Quarry, RANK: 1 SUMMARY PP 24 Quarry This feature is shown on the 1st edition 25" OS map of 1883,marked as "Old Quarry", but has now been cleared. It isinterpreted as a 19th century quarry, perhaps used for stone forthe construction of walls and other features require DESCRIPTION PP 24 Quarry This feature is shown on the 1st edition 25" OS map of 1883,marked as "Old Quarry", but has now been cleared. It isinterpreted as a 19th century quarry, perhaps used for stone forthe construction of walls and other features required by theturnpike roads. It is unlikely that significant related depositssurvive. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-06-27 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT PENTREPOETH (A468 BASSA ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT PENTREPOETH (A468 BASSALEG BY-PASS REPORT NO. 94/007 PROJECT NO. A170
PRN 05372g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST24758471 COMMUNITY Michaelstone-y-fedw TYPE Post-Medieval, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY OAA Fairwater Farm assessment 1991 - building in enclosure on OS 1st Ed. DESCRIPTION OAA Fairwater Farm assessment 1991 - building in enclosure on OS 1st Ed. http://walesher1974.org/her/temp/prev.htm?prm=0.3813739794245573[03/08/2015 14:39:57] CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-02-16 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
OAA Fairwater Farm assessment 1991
PRN 05394.0g NAME GRAIG-Y-SAESON FARM NGR ST27008600 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Post-Medieval, Lynchet, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992 - lynchet possible associated with demesne lands associated with Tredegar park DESCRIPTION A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992 - lynchet possible associated with demesne lands associated with Tredegar park CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-02-19 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992
PRN 05395.0g NAME GRAIG-Y-SAESON FARM NGR ST27258595 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Post-Medieval, Boundary, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992 - terrace/park boundary possibly associated with demesne lands associated with Tredegar park DESCRIPTION A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992 - terrace/park boundary possibly associated with demesne lands associated with Tredegar park CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-02-19 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992
PRN 05396.0g NAME GRAIG-Y-SAESON FARM NGR ST27408565 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Post-Medieval, Ditch, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992 - ditch field boundary, on tithe map associated with Tredegar park DESCRIPTION A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992 - ditch field boundary, on tithe map associated with Tredegar park CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-02-19 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992
http://walesher1974.org/her/temp/prev.htm?prm=0.3813739794245573[03/08/2015 14:39:57] PRN 05397.0g NAME GRAIG-Y-SAESON FARM NGR ST27408550 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Post-Medieval, Park pale, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A broad bank running parallel to a park wall associated with Tredegar park DESCRIPTION A broad bank running parallel to a park wall associated with Tredegar park CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-02-19 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992
PRN 05398.0g NAME GRAIG-Y-SAESON FARM NGR ST27408550 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Post-Medieval, Park wall, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992 - red sandstone block wall badly damaged in places but standing 1.5-2 metres high associated with Tredegar park DESCRIPTION A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992 - red sandstone block wall badly damaged in places but standing 1.5-2 metres high associated with Tredegar park CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-02-19 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992
PRN 05399.0g NAME GRAIG-Y-SAESON FARM NGR ST27708520 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Post-Medieval, Ha ha, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992 - terrace and stone revetment/ha ha associated with Tredegar park DESCRIPTION A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992 - terrace and stone revetment/ha ha associated with Tredegar park CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-02-19 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992
PRN 05400.0g NAME GRAIG-Y-SAESON FARM NGR ST27508515 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Post-Medieval, Park wall, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992 - badly damaged red sandstone block wall associated with Tredegar park DESCRIPTION A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992 - badly damaged red sandstone block wall associated with Tredegar park CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-02-19 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded
http://walesher1974.org/her/temp/prev.htm?prm=0.3813739794245573[03/08/2015 14:39:57] CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992
PRN 05401.0g NAME GRAIG-Y-SAESON FARM NGR ST27708550 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Post-Medieval, Boundary, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992 - ploughed out park boundary associated with Tredegar park DESCRIPTION A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992 - ploughed out park boundary associated with Tredegar park CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-02-19 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992
PRN 05402g NAME GRAIG-Y-SAESON FARM NGR ST27908550 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Post-Medieval, Culvert, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992 - brick arched culvert associated with Tredegar park DESCRIPTION A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992 - brick arched culvert associated with Tredegar park CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-02-19 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992
PRN 05403g NAME GRAIG-Y-SAESON FARM NGR ST27208580 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Post-Medieval, Trough, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992 - 20th century feature DESCRIPTION A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992 - 20th century feature CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-02-19 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992
PRN 05444g NAME Graig-y-Saeson Farm NGR ST279861 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Post-Medieval, Field boundary, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992 - field boundaries pre 17th century associated with Tredegar park DESCRIPTION A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992 - field boundaries pre 17th century associated with Tredegar park
http://walesher1974.org/her/temp/prev.htm?prm=0.3813739794245573[03/08/2015 14:39:57] CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-02-19 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
A. Borthwick assessment Graig-y-Saeson Farm 1992
PRN 05667g NAME GREAT PENCARN FARM NGR ST28108360 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A large stone surface of Roman date identified in evaluation excavations below Great Pencarn Farm. The southern part of the surface is probably an external yard, and the northern part may lie within a building. Finds indicate late 2nd-4th century use. DESCRIPTION GGAT Assessment Newport Southern Distributor Rd. A360 - The principal feature found, however, was a large stone surface of Roman date in Trench 4, below Great Pencarn Farm (fig. 2). This was marked at its south end by a well- defined bank, with larger kerb stones at the north end, a second raised bank was noted. Although the southern part of the surface is probably an external yard, the northern part may well lie within a building. The large assemblage of pottery can be taken to confirm occupation in the vicinity. The relationship between the structure and the surrounding clays and peat pockets is important, since it will allow the study of the land-use of the area in direct association with a settlement site. The only significant finds are the group of Roman material (pottery and a bronze vessel) from the feature in Trench 4, indicating occupation over 150 years from late 2nd to early 4th centuries AD. a371/a410 Further Assessment: Between January and March 1997 the Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd carried out excavation of a site identified by prior evaluation, in advance of road construction, at NGR ST 2814 8358 (fig 1). The site was situated on the boundary between the 'hard' geology and the alluvial peats and clays of the Gwent Levels. The remains proved to be a building of Roman date associated with a series of cobbled surfaces situated next to a road. This building was identified from the foundations of its western and southern walls, a series of loose cobble spreads comprising its internal flooring, and a single hearth. Its purpose is likely to be associated with the agricultural exploitation of the surrounding environment, the Wentlooge Level to the south in particular. Underlying these structures were a number of ditches, also of Roman date, representing a pre-existing drainage system. The Roman remains were directly overlying the waterlogged Holocene deposits of the Wentlooge Formation, within which were preserved an Iron Age peat deposit and a single Bronze Age wooden upright post. Palaeoenvironmental analysis of these deposits and others allowed for the reconstruction of the prehistoric and Roman environment. Watching brief on LG site immediately to N produced evidence for gullies CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-03-31 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001657 SOURCES Report Yates, A.M. 1998 Excavations at Great Pencarn Farm, Newport 3235 98/01 Report Evans, E M 2001 Romano-British southeast Wales settlement survey: Final report 726 GGAT Assessment Newport Southern Distributor Rd. A360
PRN 05897g NAME Building NGR ST26268490 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Unknown, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No further information currently available. DESCRIPTION No further information currently available. CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
PRN 06176g NAME Croes-Carn-Einion Villa, Bassaleg NGR ST257864 COMMUNITY Graig
http://walesher1974.org/her/temp/prev.htm?prm=0.3813739794245573[03/08/2015 14:39:57] TYPE Roman, Villa, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Two buildings visible as cropmarks, one appears to be an aisled building, the other a possible winged villa building. Field visit in 1992 identified a third possible structure not seen on aerial photos. DESCRIPTION Two buildings visible as cropmarks, one appears to be an aisled building, the other a possible winged villa building. Field visit in 1992 identified a third possible structure not seen on aerial photos. RCAHMW's air photograph shows two buildings lying at an angle, one an aisled building, and the other less clearly defined but probably a winged corridor building. Other, less definite features are visible in the vicinity, including some in the field to the northeast Field visit 01-02-99. Field planted with partly grown kale. One piece of roller-patterned flue tile collected from the same side of track as the buildings, several pieces of imbrex from other side; all abraded; possible from position of finds that they were disturbed by cutting of gas pipe trench in 1979, and that normal cultivation may therefore not go deep enough to disturb remains. Gas pipe marked as it crosses the road, c 40-50m east of where track joins the road; wall which it cut it would appear to be part of a third block which does not show on photo. Field to E had been ploughed; adjoining edge examined without result. Field is called Cae'r Groes on tithe map. An indistinct bank (PRN 00041g) lies immediately to the S of the buildings noted on the air photograph. The OS (1962) dismissed this in 1957 as an old fieldway, on the grounds that it was not in a suitable position for a hillfort, and because there were rather sharp edges left by irregular digging in the sides of the ditch. However, in view of the fact that this bank can now be related to the buildings (though not to the ditches at the SW corner of the site, which appear to run underneath, as they do under the aisled building), it seems reasonable to regard it as potentially part of a multiperiod Iron Age to Roman occupation site. This bank has been considerably degraded by ploughing since it was first described and is no longer clearly definable. On the evidence of the air photograph, the finds, and the information obtained from observations on the gas pipe-trench, the site is that of a villa consisting of at least two, and probably at least three buildings, with other less clearly marked features, and is probably associated with the bank, suggesting that it may owe its origins to an Iron Age enclosed settlement. Roman villas are not well-represented in Wales and this example, judging from the sharpness of the detail on the air photograph and the general lack of artefacts other than building materials in the ploughsoil, is likely to be well preserved. (Evans 2001) CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-07-08 00:00:00 STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM349 CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 00041g GGATE001657, GGATE001674 SOURCES Report Evans, E M 2001 Romano-British southeast Wales settlement survey: Final report 726 Cadw New Entry to the Schedule of Monuments OS, 1962, record card ST 28 NE 3 Lambert, I J, 1979a, Rhiwderin-Wentloog gas pipeline, Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeol Trust Ann Rep 1978-9, 102-4 Lambert, I J, 1979b, Archaeol Wales 19, 44 no.91 RCAHMW Croes Carn Einion Roman Villa (plan)
PRN 06279.0g NAME LG SEMICONDUCTOR APPROACH ROAD NGR ST28358470 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Roman, Road, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman road. Roman road identified during GGAT projects A365, A372, A379, A431, A383 A section of Roman road was found on the LG Electronics development site (ST 281 839), the alignment of which would bring it close to the Nant- y-Moor Reen area (Armour-Chelu & Williams 1997). DESCRIPTION Roman road identified during GGAT projects A365, A372, A379, A431, A383 Route running in a south- southwestern direction towards the Wentlooge Levels, though entirely on the solid geology of the fen-edge; partially excavated by Williams in 1997. Almost 90m of metalled road were excavated across two trenches. The first of these sections consisted of a surface constructed from small, mainly rounded stones, which had been laid directly onto the underlying natural. Evidence of two probable wheel ruts were noted within this metalled surface. In the second trench a similar metalled surface of small, rounded stones was overlain by a band of larger cobbles. Both sections of road had a narrow ditch running parallel to them on the northern side. The only finds excavated from both of these trenches were of Roman date. This section of road has been interpreted as part of a lesser route running from the main Caerleon-Cardiff road towards the settlement site excavated at Great Pencarn Farm. CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE002376, GGATE001657 SOURCES Report Williams, DN 1997 Archaeological Field Evaluation (Stage 3) LG Semicon - Roman Road 494 9702
http://walesher1974.org/her/temp/prev.htm?prm=0.3813739794245573[03/08/2015 14:39:57] Report Evans, E M 2001 Romano-British southeast Wales settlement survey: Final report 726
PRN 07560g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST27988574 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Unknown, Enclosure, RANK: 1 SUMMARY two trapezoidal enclosures seen on RCAHMW AP 965105 41 43 and 44 DESCRIPTION two trapezoidal enclosures seen on RCAHMW AP 965105 41 43 and 44 CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1999-05-26 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
PRN 08203g NAME COEDKERNEW CHURCHYARD NGR ST27618349 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Medieval, Churchyard, RANK: 1 SUMMARY This is a largely curved fully earth banked enclosure (Broork 1988, 78). Shown on tithe map and 1st edn 6" OS as circular with what looks like the remains of the south and east sides of an outer concentric curvilinear enclosure. DESCRIPTION This is a largely curved fully earth banked enclosure (Broork 1988, 78). Shown on tithe map and 1st edn 6" OS as circular with what looks like the remains of the south and east sides of an outer concentric curvilinear enclosure. The churchyard seems to be Early Medieval. Edith Evans, GGAT 73 Early-Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project, 2003-04 (Yr1 and 2) CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2004-03-12 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 00014g GGATE001386, GGATE001432 SOURCES Evans, E M 2004 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical sites in Southeast Wales: Rapid field survey of selected sites 1346 Evans EM, 2003-04, GGAT 73 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project
PRN 08597g NAME TREDEGAR PARK GAMEKEEPERS LODGE NGR ST2726485594 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Post-Medieval, Estate cottage, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Gamekeepers lodge located to the south of Gwern y Cleppa, dating to the C19th and part of the legacy of the Tredegar Estate. DESCRIPTION Gamekeepers lodge located to the south of Gwern y Cleppa, dating to the C19th and part of the legacy of the Tredegar Estate. (01) CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2004-02-11 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
01/Mm Desc Text/2003 March/Rowe Stephen/Cleppa Park (Gwern y Cleppa): Sites of Historic Interest/SMR Report Archive 1391
PRN 08614g NAME COEDKERNEW CHURCH, POSSIBLE OUTER ENCLOSURE NGR ST27618349 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Early Medieval, Enclosure, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Coedkernew church is shown on the tithe map with what looks like the remains of the south and east sides of an outer concentric curvilinear enclosure. Although it seems that the churchyard is Early Medieval, the putative outer enclosure is much less certain and may be merely an accident of topography, particularly at the south side where it is best marked.
http://walesher1974.org/her/temp/prev.htm?prm=0.3813739794245573[03/08/2015 14:39:57] DESCRIPTION Coedkernew church is shown on the tithe map with what looks like the remains of the south and east sides of an outer concentric curvilinear enclosure. Access could not be arranged, but a fairly large proportion of the putative outer enclosure could be viewed from public rights of way. The hedge north of the track leading to the church is multispecies and grows on a lynchet of probably no more than c 0.5m (the lane at this point is a slight hollow way, with a lynchet at its other side too. There is nothing to be seen in the field at the point at which the line of the modern hedge deviates from a smooth curve. To the south of the track to the church, the line of the curve is marked by a not very well defined ditch, running across the first field; beyond this the west end of the south side appears to be marked by a hedge and lynchet. The eastern end of the south side, less clearly on the map a part of a putative outer enclosure, is formed by a hawthorn and blackthorn hedge on a lynchet c 0.6-0.7m high with traces in places of an outer ditch, though this is clearest north of the southeast corner, where the configuration is clearly that of the natural higher ground rising above the Level; the south side also gives the impression that it is largely dictated by the natural topography. Although it seems that the churchyard is Early Medieval, the putative outer enclosure is much less certain and may be merely an accident of topography, particularly at the south side where it is best marked. Edith Evans, GGAT 73 Early-Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project, 2003-04 (Yr1) CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2004-03-12 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 00014g, related PRN 00019g, related PRN 08203g GGATE001432, GGATE001386 SOURCES Evans, E M 2004 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical sites in Southeast Wales: Rapid field survey of selected sites 1346 Evans EM, 2003-04, GGAT 73 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project
PRN 08631g NAME GWERN-Y-CLEPPA PARK PALE (LINEAR), COEDKERNEW NGR ST27408550 COMMUNITY Coedkernew TYPE Medieval, Park pale, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Possible Medieval pale, formed by a broad, low bank (approxamately five metres in diameter) running parallel to and north of later park wall (PRN 05400.0g). DESCRIPTION Possible Medieval pale, formed by a broad, low bank (approxamately five metres in diameter) running parallel to and north of later park wall (PRN 05400.0g). Tree covered throughout and obscured by undergrowth at the east end, where it becomes confused with a stream bed. (Borthwick, 1992.) CONDITION CONDITION: Near destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2004-03-05 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES
01. Sherman A (2004), GGAT A886 Housing at Tredegar Park, Newport: Archaeological Assessment
PRN 08952g NAME New Park cropmark enclosure NGR ST2528084190 COMMUNITY Michaelstone-y-fedw TYPE Iron Age, enclosure, RANK: - SUMMARY A simple rectangular cropmark of a sub-rectangular enclosure of approximately 0-40m east-west by 20-30m. DESCRIPTION A simple rectangular cropmark of a sub-rectangular enclosure of approximately 0-40m east-west by 20-30m on south facing hillslope east of New Park farm. Possibly prehistoric but difficult to be sure. Noted on air photographs 965105- 52/3. A possibly related track leads off to the east. Flint scraper and other flake fragments found in vicinity. A field visit proved nothing was visible of this site on the ground. The site is located on slight level with the ground sloping rapidly away. Good views to the south and east, although views tot eh north obstructed by the hillsope rising. Views to the west were probably good, although now obstructed by buildings. (Wiggins 2006) CONDITION CONDITION: Near Destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001544 DATE OF ENTRY: 2009-12-02 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 301119 GGATE001544, GGATE001550 SOURCES Report Wiggins, H 2006 Prehistoric defended enclosures in Gwent 2682
http://walesher1974.org/her/temp/prev.htm?prm=0.3813739794245573[03/08/2015 14:39:57] PRN 10265g NAME Wentloog Cottage NGR ST25238344 COMMUNITY Marshfield TYPE Post-Medieval, cottage, RANK: - SUMMARY This cottage is a single storey building and was converted from a barn. The structure of which, might have incorporated the remains of the Medieval period chapel of St James. DESCRIPTION This cottage is a single storey building and was converted from a barn. The structure of which, might have incorporated the remains of the Medieval period chapel of St James. CONDITION CONDITION: Converted DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2013-11-26 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE002240 SOURCES
PRN 10266g NAME Watermill NGR ST251837 COMMUNITY Michaelstone-y-fedw TYPE MEDIEVAL, water mill, RANK: - SUMMARY A watermill of the lord of the manor also lies within the area. DESCRIPTION A watermill of the lord of the manor also lies within the area. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2013-11-26 00:00:00 STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE002240 SOURCES
AM - 08.03.15 (14:08) - HTML file produced from GGAT HER, GGAT file number 1064. Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust, Heathfield House, Heathfield, Swansea, SA1 6EL. tel (01792) 655208 , fax (01792) 474696, email [email protected] , website www.ggat.org.uk
Archaeological data, from the Regional Historic Environment Record, supplied by The Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust in partnership with Local Authorities, Cadw and the partners of ENDEX GGAT, 2010.
http://walesher1974.org/her/temp/prev.htm?prm=0.3813739794245573[03/08/2015 14:39:57] Archaeology Wales
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