FIRST RECORD OF THE AMERICAN WOODCOCK FOR CALWORNIA, wrrH A SUMMARY OF ITS STATUS IN WES NORTH AMERICA

MICHAEL A. PATTEN,Department of Biology,University of California,Riverside, California 92521 GUY McCASKIE, 954 Grove Street, ImperialBeach, California91932 JOSEPH MORLAN, 380 TalbotAvenue #206, Pacifica,California 94044

On 3 November 1998, Patten, McCaskie,and Daniel S. Cooper discov- ered an AmericanWoodcock (Scolopax minor) at Iron MountainPumping Plantin southeasternSan BernardinoCounty, California. Patten first noted the birdat about0715 PST asit stoodin a yardbeneath a largeplanted elm. We subsequentlystudied it throughbinoculars for 15 minutesat closerange (5-10 m) as it waddledaround on a lawn and hid in an adjacentflowerbed; it alsoflew on two occasions.Viewing conditions were excellent(it wasclear and 55o-60 ø F, with a stiff Beaufort3-4 northerlywind). This woodcockcould not be locatedon 4 November(Walter Wehtje pers. comm.) or 5 November(fide Chet McGaugh).Patten rediscoveredit at 0830 PST on 7 November. Morlan, Robbie Fischer, and Karen Gilbert observedit later that day (1530-1700 PST). It couldnot be locatedon 8 November(Mike San Miguel pers. comm.)but was observedand photo- graphed(Figures 1-3) by Don Robersonduring the morning(0630-0730 PST) of 9 November.It was not seen thereafter(fide Larry Sansoneet al., pers. comm.). This bird representsthe first recordfor Californiaof an apparentlywild AmericanWoodcock. Furthermore, it appearsto representthe firstphoto- graphicallydocumented record of the specieswest of the continentaldivide.

DESCRIPTION

The followingdescription is from notes by Patten and Morlan, with supplementaryinformation from notesby McCaskie,Fischer, and Gilbert and photographsand notessupplied by Roberson: Behavior and Vocalizations. The woodcock wobbled about when it walked.Much of this movementwas a combineddipping and side-to-side wiggleof itsbody, with littlehead movement. It walkedand stood with its bill pointeddownward at abouta 45 ø angleand slightlycocked its stubbytail. It roostedlike most birds,with its bill tuckeddeeply into its back feathers.It roostedon the groundin a shadyspot beneath low shrubs.It tendedto keep its eyesat leastpartly open even when roosting. This bird nevervocalized, although it did producea distinctivesound: the wingsemitted a strangelymusical whistling when it flew,a soundreminiscent of the wing whistleof a MourningDove (Zenaida macroura),but distinctly more trilledand squeaky. GeneralAppearance, Bare Parts, and Structure.The birdresembled a snipein its plumpbuild, short legs, short tail, and extremelylong bill. It was larger and stockierthan a Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago) in overall

156 WesternBirds 30:156-166, 1999 FIRST RECORD OF THE AMERICAN WOODCOCK FOR CALIFORNIA

.?

Figure 1. AmericanWoodcock at Iron MountainPumping Plant, San Bernardino County. California, 9 November 1998. The black barring on the rear crown is diagnosticof Scolopax. Photograph by Don Roberson

Figure 2. American Woodcockat Iron Mountain Pumping Plant, San Bernardino County, California,9 November1998. Note the unbarredcinnamon underparts. Photographby Don Roberson

157 FIRST RECORD OF THE AMERICAN WOODCOCK FOR CALIFORNIA

Figure 3. American Woodcockat Iron Mountain Pumping Plant, San Bernardino County,California, 9 November1998. Note the boldgray "V •' on the mantleand the gray stripesthrough the scapulars. Photograph by Don Roberson girth and mass.Furthermore, it was stockierthan a snipeand had a large head with prominentlarge blackeyes situated closer to the crown than on any bird we have seen. Itsbill was twice as long as the head,quite deep at itsbase, and dull pinkish on the basalone-third and gray-browndistally. We did not note differences in colorbetween the maxillaand mandible.The short,sturdy legs were dull grayishpink. It lookednearly tailless. On short,rounded wings, it flew as it stood, with its bill pointingdownward at a 45 ø angle. Plumage Pattern and Coloration. The bird had the typicalwoodcock plumagepattern (sharedby all six speciesof Scolopax):wide blackbars on the crownand nape, intricatelypatterned upperparts, and simplypatterned underparts. The head wasmostly unmarked rich buff (approachingpumpkin orange), emphasizingthe huge black eyes. The eyes were encircledby a nearly completeeye ring that was buff aboveand white with a bluishcast below. Thin rusty-buffbars narrowly separated three wide squared-off black bars on the nape and hindcrown:the top of the crownhad a fourthblack bar much narrower than the other three. A jagged black line through the eye was thickerand darker in the lores.Another dullerblack stripe was on the lower rear edge of the auriculars.The crownwas gray, contrastingwith the buff forehead,black nape bars, and buff auriculars.

158 FIRST RECORD OF THE AMERICAN WOODCOCK FOR CALIFORNIA

The backfeathers were grayish with fine buffvermiculation on bothwebs. Each back featherwas narrowlyfringed with rich buff. The mantlewas framedby a broad pale gray stripeon either side (formedby the lower scapulars);these stripes formed a prominentpale "V" on the upperparts that wasreadily visible even when the birdroosted. The upperscapulars had blacklobate centers with pointedtips and notchededges. The wingcoverts were largelyrusty, frosted with gray. The covertshad a complexinternal pattern of blackmarks and lines. The underpartswere uniformunmarked rich buff from the chin to the undertailcoverts, save for a warm ruddywash on the sidesof the breastthat softlycontrasted with the remainderof the underparts.We did not note the patternon the undertailcoverts or the rectrices.The longuppertail coverts mostlyhid the tail,although black tips to the rectriceswere barely visible. The uppertailcoverts were buffwith coarseblackish transverse vermiculations.

IDENTIFICATION SUMMARY

Distinguishingthe AmericanWoodcock from the five other woodcock speciesis not difficult(Hayman et al. 1986). Three others,the Eurasian(S. rusticola), the Amami (S. mira) of the Ryukyu Islands,and the Dusky Woodcock(S. saturata) of Indonesia,have extensivelybarred underparts. The other two, the CelebesWoodcock (S. celebensis)of Sulawesiand the possiblyextinct Obi Woodcock(S. rochussenii)of the Moluccas,lack the boldgray "V" on the mantle,are larger,and have a differentbody color and featherpatterning. Ageingand sexing of the AmericanWoodcock are probablyimpossible in the field becausethe sexesare basicallyidentical (except for femalesbeing over 10% larger,with longerbills) and juvenileslook virtuallythe sameas adults(Martin 1964, Prater et al. 1977, Hayman et al. 1986:347). There may be some tendencyfor juvenilesto have a slightlygrayer chin, throat, and auriculars(Paulson 1993, Keppie and Whiting 1994). See the key in Martin (1964) or Sheldon(1967:203) for detailedinformation about ageing thisspecies in handby the patternon the inner secondaries.

DISTRIBUTIONAL SUMMARY

The American Woodcock occurs in North America east of the Great Plains. It breeds from southeasternManitoba east through the Maritime Provincesof Canadaand southnearly to the Gulf of Mexico (Nero 1977, 1986, Keppie and Whiting 1994, A.O.U. 1998). In recent decadesthe westernedge of its breedingrange has expanded slightly into easternNorth Dakota, South Dakota, Kansas,Oklahoma, and Texas(Smith and Barclay 1978). It wintersin the southernthird of itsbreeding range, south to the Gulf Coastand throughcentral Texas sparingly to the lower Rio Grandevalley (Keppieand Whiting 1994). The AmericanWoodcock has been recorded west of its normalrange on over 30 occasions(Appendix), mainly east of the continentaldivide (Fig- ure 4). There are recordsfor Saskatchewan,Montana, Wyoming, Colorado,

159 ß

:

o ß 2 records ß ß 0 ß 3 records ß , oßß 14 recordrecords

Figure4. Westernedge (dotted line) of regularbreeding and wintering distribution of the AmericanWoodcock (S½olopax minor) and locations of extralimitalrecords in the westernUnited States and Canada(Appendix). Solid circles represent well-docu- mentedor generallyaccepted records. Empty circlesrepresent hypothetical or questionablereports. Note that the vast majority of extralimitalrecords are eastof the continentaldivide (gray line).

160 FIRST RECORD OF THE AMERICAN WOODCOCK FOR CALIFORNIA

New Mexico,and the trans-Pecosregion of Texas(Hubbard 1978, DeSante and Pyle 1986, Andrewsand Righter 1992, Smith 1996, Petersonand Zimmer1998). Manyreports for Coloradoand Saskatchewan are problem- atic,and all reportsfor Albertaare generally treated as hypothetical (Salt and Salt 1976:492, Pinel et al. 1991, Semenchuk1992, cf. A.O.U. 1998). This specieshas wanderedsouth of its normalrange to Bermuda(A.O.U. 1998) and in Mexicoto San LuisPotosf, Tamaulipas, and eventhe Yucatan Peninsula(Howell and Webb 1995). It has appeared sporadicallyduring migrationnortheast of its usualrange on the islandsof St. Pierre and Miquelon(Tuck and Borota 1972). There were only four well-documentedrecords of the AmericanWood- cock west of the continentaldivide prior to the California record: sight recordsfor western Montana at Ninemile Creek (Bergeronet al. 1992, Paulson1993) and Eureka (Wright 1996), along Sacaton Creek, New Mexico, within sightof Arizona (S. O. Williamsin litt.), and at Jackson, Wyoming(J. Pridayin litt.). A sightreport from coastal British Columbia is treatedas validby Paulson(1993) but as hypotheticalby Campbellet al. (1990); we followthe latter.There is alsoa hypotheticalreport for southeast- ern Arizona(Monson and Phillips1981) that has not been reviewedby the Arizona Bird Committee and is thus not on its list of birds recorded in Arizona (Gary H. Rosenbergin litt.). One reportedat Kanab, Utah, is not consideredacceptable (Sorensen et al. 1985). Records for southeasternSaskatchewan suggest occasional breeding (RudolfF. Koes in litt.). Aside from three anomalousbut well-documented July/Augustrecords for Coloradoand New Mexico,the vastmajority of recordsof vagrantssouth of Canadahave been during the species'normal migrationperiods (Figure 5). The AmericanWoodcock migrates as earlyas late September,but the bulk of fall migrationtakes place betweenmid- Octoberand early December,with a peak aroundearly November(Smith and Barclay 1978, Keppie and Whiting 1994). It wintersas far north as southernMissouri and Tennesseein the interior and Long Islandon the AtlanticCoast (Keppie and Whiting 1994). Some 599 American Woodcocks were released in California from 1972 through1974 (Table1) in a failedattempt by the CaliforniaDepartment of Fish and Game to establishthis speciesas a game bird (Kiddand Harper 1974). No woodcockshave been released in Californiasince January 1974, althougha few persistedin the statesubsequently. The lastwas recorded in 1982 near Santa Rosa, Sonoma County (Sam Blankenshipin litt.). The releasedbirds were from 663 trappedin Louisiana(64 diedin transit);fifteen were subsequentlyobserved or founddead in 1972 and 1973, 11 of them near releasesites. As revealedby band recoveries,three individualsdis- persedgreat distances from California(Kidd and Harper 1974): one washit by a car in Alberta, 20 January 1972, one was found dead at Cummings Lake near Ely, Nevada, 13 March 1973 (seeAlcorn 1988:157), and one was shotby a hunterat Blue River in easternKansas, 19 November1973 (Kidd and Harper 1974). These authorsattributed a 19 October 1972 sighting200 km northwestof Anchorage,Alaska, to the Californiareleases, but the recordis undocumentedand ignored(Thede Tobish in litt.).

161 FIRST RECORD OF THE AMERICAN WOODCOCK FOR CALIFORNIA

• 5

0 4 • 3 E :3 2 z

Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Month Figure5. Temporalpattern of extralimitaloccurrence of the AmericanWoodcock (Scolopaxminor) in the westernUnited States and Canada.Bars above the histogram representits normal migration period (heavier bars are peakperiods) in easternNorth America (Smith and Barclay1978).

The birdat Iron Mountainappeared at the peak of woodcockmigration in easternNorth America, fit the temporalpattern of most other extralimital recordsof the species(Figure 5), andoccurred nearly a quarter-centuryafter the releaseprogram in California ceased.Therefore, we concludethis recordestablishes a first for Californiaof a naturallyoccurring American Woodcock,a sentimentshared by Sam Blankenship(in litt.), who was involvedin the releaseprogram.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Karen Gilbert,Chet McGaugh,Don Roberson,Mike San Miguel,Larry Sansone,and Walter Wehtje for keepingus current about their successes or failuresin locatingthis American Woodcock. Gilbert, Roberson, and RobbieFischer graciously suppliedcopies of their descriptions,and Robersonsupplied the photographs.Jutta C. Burgerassisted with preparationof the map. We receivedhelpful information aboutintroductions from KimballL. Garrettand Sam Blankenship,about migration timingfrom PaulE. Lehman,and aboutageing from Peter Pyle. We are indebtedto RudolfF. Koes(Alberta, Saskatchewan), Greg W. Lasley(Texas), Tony L. Leukering (Colorado),Jeffrey S. Marks (Montana),Jim Peterson(Texas), John Priday(Wyo- ming),Gary H. Rosenberg(Arizona), Thede Tobish(Alaska), and Sartor O. Williams III (NewMexico) for providinginformation about records of the AmericanWoodcock in the West. We thank Robert W. Nero, Philip Unitt, and Sartor O. WilliamsIII for commentson the manuscript.

162 FIRST RECORD OF THE AMERICAN WOODCOCK FOR CALIFORNIA

Table ! Releases of the American Woodcock into California ø

Location Year(s) Number

ButteCounty 1973 29 ColusaCounty 1972 61 MendocinoCounty 1972 40 SacramentoCounty 1972-1974 294 SanJoaquin County 1973 33 SonomaCounty 1972 61 SutterCounty 1972-1973 81 Total 599

aDatacorrected from Kidd and Harper (1974), who errone- ouslyreported on releases19-20 January1972. Attempts at establishinga gamepopulation in the statefailed.

LITERATURE CITED

Alcorn, J. R. 1988. The Birdsof Nevada.Fairview West, Fallon, NV. AmericanOrnithologists' Union (A.O.U.). 1998. Check-listof North AmericanBirds, 7th ed. Am. Ornithol.Union, Washington,D.C. Andrews,R., and Righter,R. 1992. ColoradoBirds: A Referenceto Their Distribu- tion and Abundance.Denver Mus. Nat. Hist., Denver. Bailey,A.M., and Niedrach,R. J. 1965. Birdsof Colorado,vol. I. DenverMus. Nat. Hist., Denver. Bergeron,D., Jones,C., Genter,D. L., and Sullivan,D. 1992. P. D. Skaar'sMontana birddistribution, 4th ed. MontanaNat. HeritageProg., Spec.Publ. 2. Bergtold,W. H. 1917. The birdsof Denver. WilsonBull. 29:113-129. Campbell,R. W., Dawe, N. K., McTaggart-Cowan,I., Cooper,J. M., Kaiser,G. W., and McNall, M. C. E. 1990. The Birdsof BritishColumbia, vol. II. Royal Br. Columbia Mus., Victoria. Cooke,W. W. 1897. The birdsof Colorado.State Agric. College Bull. 37. DeSante,D. F., andPyle, P. 1986. DistributionalChecklist of NorthAmerican Birds, vol. 1: UnitedStates and Canada. Artemisia Press, Lee Vining,CA. Dorn, J. L., andDorn, R. D. 1990. WyomingBirds. Mountain West, Cheyenne. Grave,B. H., andWalker, E. P. 1913. The Birdsof Wyoming,with an explanationof recent changesin their distribution•comonic aspectsalso considered.Univ. WyomingPress, Cheyenne. Harris, B. K. 1965. More specimenrecords of birdsunusual in New Mexico. Auk 82:648-650. Harrison,S. 1960. Woodcocksighted in Qu'Appelle.Blue Jay 18:160. Hayman, P., Marchant,J., and Prater,T. 1986. Shorebirds:An IdentificationGuide to the Wadersof the World.Houghton Mifflin, Boston. Henderson,J. 1909. An annotatedlist of the birdsof BoulderCounty, Colorado. Univ. Colo. Stud. 6:219-242.

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Houston, C. S., Houston, M. I., and Gollop, J. B. 1981. Saskatchewanbirds species--hypotheticaland rejected.Blue Jay 39:196-201. Howell, S. N. G., and Webb, S. 1995. Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. Oxford Univ. Press,Oxford. Hubbard, J.P. 1978. Revisedcheck-list of the birdsof New Mexico. N.M. Ornithol. Soc. Publ. 6. Keppie, D. M., and Whiting,R. M., Jr. 1994. AmericanWoodcock, in The Birdsof North America (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.), no. 100. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadel- phia. Kidd, J. B., and Harper, H. T. 1974. Introductionof the American Woodcockin California.American Woodcock Workshop Proc. 5. Martin, F. W. 1964. Woodcockage and sex determinationfrom wings.J. Wildl. Mgmt. 28:287-293. McCreary, O. 1939. WyomingBird Life, rev. ed. Burgess,Minneapolis. Mitchell, H. H. 1924. Birds of Saskatchewan.Can. Field-Nat. 38:101-118. Monson,G., and Phillips,A. R. 1981. AnnotatedChecklist to the Birdsof Arizona, rev. ed. Univ. Ariz. Press, Tucson. Nero, R. W. 1963. Birdsof the Lake Athabascaregion, Saskatchewan. Sask. Nat. Hist. Soc. Spec. Publ. 7. Nero, R. W. 1977. The AmericanWoodcock in Manitoba.Blue Jay 35:240-256. Nero, R. W. 1986. AmericanWoodcock breeding range extension. Blue Jay 44:120- 122. Oberholser,H. C. 1974. The BirdsLife of Texas,vol. 1. Univ. Tex. Press,Austin. Paulson,D. R. 1993. Shorebirdsof the PacificNorthwest. Univ. Wash.Press, Seattle. Peterson, J., and Zimmer, B. R. 1998. Birds of the Trans-Pecos.Univ. Tex. Press, Austin. Pinel, H. W., Smith, W. W., and Wershler,C. R. 1991. Alberta birds, 1971-1980, vol. 1: Non-passerines.Prov. Mus. AlbertaOcc. Paper 13. Prater,A. J., Marchant, J. H., and Vuorinen, J. 1977. Guide to the Identificationand Ageing of HolarcticWaders. Br. TrustOrnithol. Guide 17. Salt, W. R., and Salt, J. R. 1976. The Birds of Alberta, with Their Rangesin Saskatchewan& Manitoba.Hurtig, Edmonton. Saunders,A. A. 1921. A distributionallist of the birdsof Montana, with noteson the migrationand nestingof the betterknown species.Pac. CoastAvifauna 14. Semenchuk,G. P., ed. 1992. The Atlasof BreedingBirds of Alberta.Fed. Alberta Nat., Edmonton. Sheldon, W. G. 1967. The Book of the American Woodcock.Univ. Mass. Press, Amherst. Smith,A. R. 1996. Atlasof Saskatchewanbirds. Sask. Nat. Hist. Soc.Spec. Publ. 22. Smith, H. G., Jr. 1886. Some additionsto the avifaunaof Colorado. Auk 3:284-286. Smith, H. G., Jr. 1895. Some birdsnew to Colorado--with notes on others of little knowndistribution in the state.Nidologist 3:48-49. Smith, R. W., and Barclay,J. S. 1978. Evidenceof westwardchanges in the rangeof the American Woodcock. Am. Birds 32:1122-1127. Sorensen,E., Dixon, K., Hedges,S. P., and White, C. M. 1985. SecondUtah Bird RecordsCommittee Report. Utah Birds 1:51-61.

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Tuck, L. M., and Borota, M. J. 1972. Additionsto the avifaunaof St. Pierre and Miquelon.Can. Field-Nat.86:279-284. Wauer,R. H. 1996. A FieldGuide to Birdsof the Big Bend, 2nd ed. Tex. Monthly Press, Austin. Wright,P. L. 1996. Statusof rare birdsin Montana,with commentson known hybrids.Northwest. Nat. 77:57-85.

Accepted20 August 1999

APPENDIX. Extralimital records of the American Woodcock in western North America (the westernstates and the Trans-Pecosregion of Texas).Records we considervalid are precededby a numeral(i.e., the recordwas acceptedby a local recordscommittee or stateauthority). A questionmark indicates that an exactdate for the record is not known. Museumabbreviations: DMNH, Denver Museumof Natural History,Denver, Colorado; NMSU, New MexicoState University, Las Cruces; UNM, Universityof New Mexico(Museum of SouthwesternBiology), Albuquerque; UTEP, Universityof Texas,E1 Paso. 1. 9 (not 12) August1885: Colorado;vic. Denver(Smith 1886, DMNH 14760) ? October 1885: Colorado; vic. Denver (Smith 1886) "fall" 1887: Colorado;vic. Boulder(Smith 1895) "fall" 1887: Colorado;Fort Lupton(Smith 1895) 8 August1892: Saskatchewan;Portage (Mitchell 1924, Nero 1963, Houston et al. 1981) 8 June 1895: Colorado;Denver (Cooke 1897, Bergtold1917) 24-30 May 1905: Colorado;vic. Boulder(Henderson 1909) 2. ? September1906: Wyoming;Cody (Graveand Walker 1913; specimen) "before1927": Wyoming;Evanston (McCreary 1939:35, Dorn and Dorn 1990:48) 3. 16 September1945: Colorado;Bennett (DMNH 24766) 4-6.23 October1917 (3): Montana;Billings (Saunders 1921, 3 specimens) 19 April 1959 (3): Colorado;Cherry Creek Reservoir(Bailey and Niedrach 1965:325) 3 December 1959 (5): Colorado;Hot Creek (Baileyand Niedrach1965:325) 5 March 1960: BritishColumbia; N. Surrey(Campbell et al. 1990:487, Paulson1993) 6 November1960: Colorado;Hot Creek (Baileyand Niedrach1965:325) ? 1960: Saskatchewan;Qu'Appelle (Harrison 1960, Houstonet al. 1981) 7. 25 January1964: New Mexico;3 km n. MesillaDam (Harris1965, NMSU 2767) 17 April 1965: Colorado;Evans Ranch (Bailey and Niedrach1965:325) 8. 2 November1965: Texas;Big Bend NationalPark (Oberholser1974:325) "sinceMay" 1966: Saskatchewan;Regina (Smith 1996) 9. 29 March 1969: New Mexico; 16 km w. Magdalena(UNM specimen) 10. 15 November1972: Texas;Big BendNational Park (Wauer1996) 11. 24 November1973: Texas;Big BendNational Park (Wauer1996) 12. 5 July 1974: Colorado;vic. Fort Collins(Andrews and Righter1992) 29 September1974: Alberta;Edmonton (Salt and Salt 1976, Pinelet al. 1991) 16 February1976: Arizona;Cave Creek Canyon(Monson and Phillips 1981:42) 13. 16 (not17) April 1977: Wyoming;Jackson (Am. Birds31:1028, J. Pridayin litt.) 15 May 1977: Wyoming;Jackson (Am. Birds31:1028) 5-6 May 1978: Saskatchewan;Moose Mountain(Houston et al. 1981)

165 FIRST RECORD OF THE AMERICAN WOODCOCK FOR CALIFORNIA

14. 26 October1980: Colorado;Colorado Springs (DMNH 37309) 22 December 1981: Utah; Kanab (Sorensenet al. 1985) 15. 9 July 1982: New Mexico;Isleta (Am. Birds 36:1006) 16. 1 October1983: Montana;Ninemile Creek (Bergeronet al. 1992) 17. 6 October 1983: Texas;Big Bend National Park (Wauer 1996) 13 May 1984: Saskatchewan;Hazel Dell (Smith1996) 18. 27 December 1984: Texas;E1 Paso (Am. Birds 39:183, photographed) ? February1986: NewMexico; Rattlesnake Springs (S. O. WilliamsIII in litt.) 16 January1987: New Mexico;Rattlesnake Spr. (N. NI. Orn. Soc. Field Notes 26(1):7) ? May 1987: Saskatchewan;s. of Preeceville(Smith 1996) 19. 10 November 1987: New Mexico; Albuquerque(Am. Birds 42:117, photo) 20. 21 May 1988: Saskatchewan;Duck Mtn. Prov.Park (Am. Birds42:451) 21. 5 September1988: Montana;Eureka (Wright 1996) 22. 22 June-7 July 1989: Saskatchewan;Somme (Am. Birds 43:1331, Smith 1996) 23. 3-4 April 1990: Saskatchewan;Regina (Am. Birds 44:446) 24. 2 July-3 September1990: Saskatchewan;Somme (Smith 1996) 25. 28-30 November1990: Colorado;Boulder (Andrews and Righter1992) 26. 12 March 1991: New Mexico; SacatonCreek (Am. Birds 45:482) 27. 19 December1994-12 January1995: Wyoming;Lander (J. Pridayin litt.) 28. 25 January1995: Texas;El Paso(Field Notes 49:167, UTEP specimen) 29. 27 January1996: New Mexico;Rattlesnake Springs (Field Notes 50:204) 30. 22 February1996: Texas;Devils River State Nat. Area (Field Notes 50:190, photo) 31. 7 November1996: Wyoming;Casper (J. Pridayin litt.) 32. 5-10 February1997: New Mexico;Albuquerque (Field Notes 51:783, photo) "earlyMay" 1997: Saskatchewan;Porcupine Plain (Field Notes 51:885) 33. 15 December 1997: Colorado;vic. Boulder(Field Notes 52:231) 34. 21 April 1998: Texas;Monahans (Field Notes 52:355, photo) 35. 3-9 November 1998: California;Iron Mountain(reported herein, photo) 36. 11 May 1999: Colorado;Lamar (fide V. A. Truanand B. K. Percival)

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