CENSUS OF INDIA 1971

SERIES 2

ANDHRA PRADESH

PART IV HOUSING REPORT AND TABLES

T.VEDANTAM of the Indian Administrative Service

DmiCTO~ OF e~NSUS Of1l:R:A,!,~ON~~ ANDl'IRA P~ADESH J~74 , r

. SIMHADWARAM

The 11I0t(( on the OilIer title of this vollime represents a specimen of main entrance (SIMHADWARAM)to a hOllse in lV/'Jllthani TOll n of Karimnagar District. Decorative and religiolls aspec/sare llsua!l!!combined in designing different elements of a ho!m in a fllljority of /rollses of Hindu families. The compound wall is usually quite high so that either the entire house or liz!' people moving inside are nOT easily visible from outside. Exactly opposite to the actual entrance of the house, a rectang:ilaJ"shaped main entrance is constructed andfrom both sides of it, the compound waf{ encircles the hOllse. The desigr. al the top and the arches above the woodell door ofthe main entrance are tastefully carved out. The wooden door also generally has some beautifd designs carved on it. In the centre of the top-side beam of the door the image of Lord' Vighneswara' or 30me other dli!y is engraved with the belief that this God will help the householder in achieving success in all ventures without allY obstructions. At the top of the duor a 'THORANAM' i.e., small bunches of mango leaves tied to a piece o/jute . twine is f{r!nerally fixed and it is. believed that it is auspiciolts for a happy life. This 'THORANAM' is rene II I'd on every festive \ ' , . . occasion with fresh leaves. Two niches a'Narranged on either side ofrhe door for keeping lighted lamps- cotton }\ icks in oil placf'd in small shallow earthen plates-particularly on/estive occasions. It is considered the privilage and sacred duty of the hOHse-wife to light these lamps.

Th? d?signing of every hOllse is i!1dividualistic largely based on family traditions and beliefs, All the same the totality of the houses in a locality/village reffectsthe cultural homogeneity and standards of the peop!" of the place. It is in thi~ kind of house b?{ilt according to the individl:al taste that the hOI:seholder enjoys hi~ liff' on Eart" with his wife and chilliI'm. The house sustains him in his life all through and whar is more every man's house is his best fort. Ultimately it is the 'Sweet Home' in every house that nourishes cheer in fife.

lt call also be observed that the hOltse number I1'lzieh is asineT'E n()_n for successful Census enumeration is very promi­

'nentl_v displayed on the door (~(thf main entrance. The di/igrnt alld pdtient e[(orls ofthe Censlls Organisation in getting all the h1:Hes in "very village/town numbered in a sysrematic way hore fruits to a considerable extent in Andhra Pradesh, However, " il ~77nfJt .b?, said tJllt nothinij rl'lnlins to be done ill this dirf'ction. The holtse numbering has to be maintained proferly .' .rlll·d.,up4died ell regulqr ~nterval~ by the Panchayats, MUnicipalities or other local bodies for facilitating performance '" o[severaldvic duties: I/every householder takes sufficient interest in either painting the hOllsenumber or affixing the ~;Ulmber 'pfatf! on the door, the permanent hOl!senltmbering scheme lallnched by the Census Organisation will achieve .. c:g.·pater success and go a long lvay not ollly in making flltll;(;' Censilses lhore precise but also in assisting several other civic .. s o;')'ices to improvE' their standards. , .... }'. -:J-

IL is neo~sSlry to dep)n.d upon SOiU~ sort of listing of all houses for conducting successfully the mosl stu­ pendous an:!. onerolls op':ration of Population Gensus. This preliminary operation provides a complete inven­ tory of all houses an:!. forms the base for delineation of Enumerators' Blocks for the main Census. As in the 1961 C~nsus" ad v.llllag?w.as taken of this Houselisting Operation at the 1971 Census to collect 801)1e .bas~c par­ ticulars ab01t hous~s ·aid h0using conditions. A large band of Enumerators and Supervisors worked for Hou­ selisting in Andllripr·aclesh·iri 1970 and the data collected by their strenuous efforts have been transfoffiled in­ to a few 3tatisLicll ta~le3 th It are pres~ntej in this volume. BJ5ed on lhes~ tables an allempt is made in this Report to identify th.l bro1d trends in the plttern of housing in different Regions of Andhra Pradesh. Minute details about all aspe.;ls of housing could not be collected in the Houselisting Operations for obvious reasons, butt he data and an:tlY3is presented in this volume, I am sure, will provide useful basio data about housing oon­ ditions in the State whieh -are-requir-ed to stimulate further work in the field by researoh SCholars, institutions etc. The views expressed or c;nclusions drawn in this Report are those of the author and do not' necessarily repre­ sent the views of the Government of India.

Unlike at the 1961 Censm, the data oollected during the Houselisting Operations in/1970 were tabula­ ted and presented in thre3 volum~3 in O:J~l to p~ovidi as det.aile.i informati~n as possible abolltihe housing conditions (present volum~) and. ab;)ut the siZe, nature and other basic de,tails about different types of -establish- ments (in two volumes). . _. . ..

The present Volume cntains 4 Seotions -A. Report"; B. Appendices;· C. Main Tables and D. Subsi­ diary Tables. The Rep;);l Secdon hilS be3] s'lb'divided into fiVe chapters dealing with different .aspects related to Housing in Andbra Pradesh.

Acknowledgements I w0uld like to place on r~cord m! d~~) gt"ac.itude to the Registrar General India and ex-officio Census Com'nissioner India, Sri A. Ci rlira Sekhar for his useful guidance and unfailing cQ·urlesy extended to me at every stase rig:lt froTI m tl

For the first time, a. sep:l.rate Mechanical Tabulation Unit was started in my office and a good number of Coders, Punoh Oprators, Veriibr 0 prators have worked on the Houselistillg records under the ahle guidan­ ce and direction of Sri N. L'lksh 'ili Pi'and, DWlty Dire~tor 0[' Census Operations. The list of supervisory staff associated with the proDming of Ho',mlisting records at different stages is given at the end of this Preface. Scru­ tiny of Housing Tables and preparation of Subsidiary Tables were got done by Sri K. K.Sarma, Tabulation Officer. They have really done a very good job and my thanks to all of them.

The drafling of this Report was attended to mainly by Sri K. Narasimha Murthy, Assistant Director of Census Otl,~rations under the guidance of Sri P.S.R. Avadhany, Deputy Director of Census Operation'>.

The ml.p' and chl.rts incorporated in this Volume have been prepared in the mapping unit of my office by Sarvasri Syed Ahmad, N. Govindaswamy, Md. Yakub Ali, Draughtsmen and D. Koteswara Rao, Com­ putorunder the supervision of Sri M. N. Ram Mohan, Artist. Sri N. Gangaraju, Sl.cno has done a good job in preparing the type script of the Report for the press. In seeing this Report through the Press, I was greatly assisted by Sarvasri C. S. Bose, Tabulation Officer, T. Brahmiah, K. Srim;muarayal1a and Smt. P. Nirrnala, Statistical Assistants. I am thankful to them all.

(i) tii) i do hope that this humble effort on the plrt of the Census Organisation wouid meet to some extent the requirements of the Planners of the State so far as housing problems are ooncerned.

Ilrderabad T.~DANtAM, 4tliJlll\t, 1914 DiTWJt(}r of aenaus f)J1er.ti6118.

List of supervisory staff associated with the il~ssit\~ of H~S!li.ttft~ itOOMds.

1. Sri V. Gopal Rao, Senior Technical Assistant. 2. " Khaja Moinuddin, Tabulation Officer. 3. " Surya Rao, Senior Technical Assistant. 4. h V. Radhakrishna, Tabulation Officer. S. " M. A. Khuddus, Senior Technical Assistant. 6. " Syed Mahmood, Statistical Assistant. 1. " Pa:tbtrt Ahmed K~lt, Stati'Stioal ASst&t4itt. 1. " C. Na~swara Rao, SUI:Hstioal Assistant. 9. Kum. T. Jayalakshmi, SVatistical Assistant. 10. Sri S. Ramagovinda Rao, Statistical Assistant. 11. " V. Madhava Rao, Statistical Assistant. 11. " V. lta'ttumantha kao, Statlsti'cal A5sista~t. H. " K. Nagablm:sMrtam, Stati'st~t Assistat1t. 14. " Panduranga Rao, Statistical Assistant. IS. " A. Purnachandra ltao, Statistical Assistant. CONTtNTS

CHAPTERS PAGES

GilAPTER 1 Introductioa . 1-8

CHAP!i!R 2 Uses to whIch Le!lsus HoUSC6 ttt put !I~2

CHAPTER 3 Material of Wall and Roof 23-42 Households and Number of Rooms Occupied 43-35

CHAPTER. 5 Tenure Status 57-66

SECTION B-APPENDICES

ApPI!NDlX·I ln~li't1cflofts 10 Enumerators for limng up the fiouwRst and £steMtsbment Schedule- Part I-Housellst • 67-72 Part lI-Establlshment Schedule 73-78

Ap!'SNDfX' II Scheme on Permanent House Numbering-Instructions 79-95

ApPENDix·HI SpecImen House Numbering sketches 96-97

ApPBNDi ,,-IV EdIt InstructIons for Ine scrutIny of tbe Housellst 98-100

ApPIlNDf".V , SamlJle Desip Md ttr .:clslon Estimates 101-]02

Ply leaf to Table H·I Census Hou'>es and use~ to which they are put • 103-104

Table H·I Census Houses and uses to whIch they are put • 106-109

Flyleaf to Table H·ll DistributIon of Cen~u~ Houses by Pred.1lmlnant Material of Wall ana Predominant Material of Roof. lit Table H·rt DIstribution of Census H1usesby PredomlnantM aterlal of Wall and Predominant Material of Roof 112-115 Appendlxto Table R·II Distribution of Residential Census Houses by Materlalof Wall cross.cJuslfiect by MatellalofRoof. • 116-127

Ply leaf to table lJ·1II Households classlfieo by No. of Members and by No. of ROOltls OCCup1tU • 129

'l'able H·ll1 Households clas~ifiea by No. of Members and by No. of Rooms Occupied 130-135

Ply hafto Table H·IV Households classified by Size and Tenure Status. 137

TableH·IV H()useholds classified by Sl~e ana Tenure Status 138-]42 (iii) (iv)

SECTION D-S'UBSIDIARY TABLES PAGES

TableH-l.l Distribution of 1,000 Census Ilouses by Vacant ana Different Types of Occupied Census Houses 144-147

Table R-I. 2 Dlstrlbutlon of 1,000 CensuS Houses fOf Selected Types of use among Rural and Urban areas 148

Table H-ll.! Distribution of 1,000 C<;)nsm HOU5~S OJ PI~dolllifilnt Mlterial ofWa!! in Rural ana urban areas separately .. 149-150

Table H-II.1 (A) Distrlbution of 1,000 Residen\ia.l Census Houses by Preaominant Material of Wall In Rural and Urban areas separately 151-152

Table H-II.2 Distribution of 1,000 Census Houses oy Predominant Material of Roof in Rural and Urban areas separately 153-154

Tab 1e H-U.2(A) Distribution of 1',000 Residential Cen~us Houses-by Predominant Material of Roof in Rural and Urban areas separately 155-[56

Table H-III.l . Distribution of 1,000 Census Households by No. of Rooms Occupied. 157-158

TableH·IlI,2 No. of P.:rsons, Miles and Females p~r Room and Persons per Household _ 159-164

TableH-lV.l Distribution of 1,000 Census. Households living in Census Houses according to Size of the Households In Rum I and Urban areas separately. 165-167

MAPS, SKETCHES AND PHOTOGRAPHS

M.o\PS Between pages

1. P~rcentage distribution of CensuS House~ by types of Wall Matcriab in Rural areas l }- 22-23 2. Perc."l'lge distribution of Census Houses by types of Wall m'ltetlals in Urban areas ; J

3. Percentage distribution of C~nsus houses by types of Roof Materlal~ in Rural areas 30-31 4. Percentagedistrlbutlon of Census Houses by types of Roof materials In Urban areas :} 5. Percentage of Total Households Occupying one, two, three, four and more than four Rooms 44-45

PHOTOS

Fig. !. • A Conical~shapcd date palin leaves hut in Rayalaseema Region 2. Residence'of an Oil Extracior in Rayalasecma Region " 3. Old type doubl~-storeyeo building wi'th t irea roof in telanga:n~ Regio:~ " ., 4 . Tra~ezlum-shap~o hut erected 'With bamboo wattle in Rayalaseema Re~t?n .

SKE1CHES Between pages. Fig. 8. A typical house of Cattle Breeaer In Coastal Andhra Region • .1 9. A typical house of an Agriculturist with walls and foof made of Stone in Telangana I " Region . I A typical house of a Fisherman in Coastal Andhra Region . I " 10. 'I .. 11. A typical residential house of a Weaver in Coastal Andhra Region .\ " 12. A typical residential house of a Farmer in Coastal Andhra Region '/ " 13. A typical house of a Basket maker in Coastal Andhra Region ., " 16. House ske ich of an Agriculturist in Andhra Region . ~ 42-43 .. 17. R~sidentialhouse skp.tch of an Agriculturist in Andhra Region .1 I " 18. A typic;J.i House plan of an Agriculturist in Andhra Region . I 19. House sk~tc~ of "Bhavanthl" in Telangana Region. I " 20. House plan of a Washerman in Andhra Region. • 1 I " 21. A typical house of a Was-herman in East Godavari District of Coastal Andhra Region A typical house sketch of a Tailor in Andhra Region I " 25. 1 " 26. House plan of Sri Linga. iah Rio Village Kadpal, Taluk Narayankhed, Ol.strlct. JI Medak,A. P.

SECTION A REPORT

7-1 C\lnsuSAndh/73

CHAPTER -I Introduction General 1961 Census while retaining their basic role in the The population Census in India is being taken in population count. the first year of each decade since 1881. (The Census in 1872 did not cover the entire coootry). Prelimi­ Houselist nary arrangements for conducting the population count 3. During the HouseIisting Operations ot the 1971 usually take about two years prior to the Census date. Census two schedules viz., Houselist and Esta­ These arrangements are done in four important stages. blishment schedule were canvassed. The House­ The first stage is obtaining of up-to-date jurisdictional list comprising 17 eols. is -more or less in the rna ps of the State and each of the districts and taluks same form as the Housellst canvassed at the 1961 Cen­ and also an up-to-date list of villages in taluks fol' de­ sus. In the 1971 Census Houselist, one column was termining the boundaries of the State, districts and its exclusively set apart to indicate whether the House­ constituent units down to the lowest unit of Enumera­ hold belongs to Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe, tion Block. The second stage begins with the fixing of and if· so to write the name of the Caste or Tribe the levels of Census responsibilities and notifying the while in the 1961 Census this was done under the "Re- , Census Officers. The third stage begins with the marks" column. Another column introduced addi­ numbering and listing of all houses and structures in tionally at the 1971 Census was meant to indicate whe­ which human beings live. This is a very important ther the household cultivates land. Provision was also- stage because the final demarcation of the Census • made in the 1961 Houselist form to give the basic Enumerator's Blocks and assessment of the required particulars about manufacturing establishments in 3 personnel, the identification of likely habitations, the columns. But in the 1971 Census a separate schedule forecast of population and the assessment of the re~ for establishments was evolved with the intention of quirements of Census schedules at various levels would .covering all types of establishments. This schedule depend on tltis. This stage is usually completed in the is described in the following paragraph. A copy of year preceding the Census year. The fourth and final the Houselist Form together with the instructions for stage is the actual population count. filling it, is given in the Appendix I in Section B of 2. House numbering and Houselisting thus consti· this Volume. tuted an indispensable preliminary stage in all Censuses since 1881. Inspite 0'£ its long history no meaningful Establishment Schedule use seems to have been made of the data collected in 4. The Establishment schedule comprises 11 the Houselisting in the past till 1961 except by a few columns. Particulars regarding the name of the esta­ Directors of Census Operations in some Censuses. The blishment, the nature of the establishment i.e., Govern~ main reason why no- extensive use of this essential ment I Quasi .. Government, Private or Co-operative, the preliminary operation was made in the ,past seems to average number of workers engaged in the last week have been the very flexible concept and definition of or in. the last working season, whether the establish­ the Census house itself, which rendered its uniform ment is engagdd in manufacturing, processing or servic­ application throughout the country difficult. The can. ing and if so, the nature of activity, the type of fuel cept of the Census house varied from year to year and used; whether the establishment is a trading .::stablish­ from State to State. The sole aim of housenumbering ment and if so, the description of goods bought/sold and houselisting in the earlier Censt}ses was to guide and whether the trade is wholesale or retail etc., have the enumerator about his jurisdiction. It was only in been collected. A copy of the Establishment Scheoule the last Census that an attempt was made for the first together with the instructions for· filling them up are time to follow uniform concepts and schedules through­ given in Appendix I in Section B of this Volume. out the Country and also to make a better use of the data collected during the Houselisting. During the 5. The data yielded by the Houselist are tabulated 1961 Census Houselisting Operations, important data and given in Sedion C of this volume and the data like purpose for which the houses are used, material of collected from the Establishment Schedules are given wall and roof of the house, number of rooms in the separately in Part m_'Establishment Tables volume house and in case of manufacturing establishments, which may be referred to. particulars of products manufactured, processed 0:­ Pretesting and Finalisation of Schedule's serviced, kind of fuel or power used, average size of employment etc. were collected. The data were 6. While planning for the 1971 Census it was ori­ analysed and tabulated and detailed Report on Hous­ ginally contemplated that a simple Houselist called the ing and Establishments in Andhra Pradesh was brought General Houselist containing 17 columns may be can­ out for the first time in 1961 in Part IV-A of the State vassed on the universal basis and that in a 10 percent series. The Houselisting operations have thus, come sample area, a slightly enlarged schedule called Special to be re~arded as a sort of simple Housing Census from Houselist containing 26 columns be canvassed. In the 2 CHAPTER I Special Houselist it was proposed to conect a few addi­ Pel'lWlD.ent Houscllumbemg Scheme: tional particulars on housing such as the age of the house, the total living area, and particulars of the 8. As already explained in para 1 above, !rouse­ basic amenities available in the house like electricity, numbering and Houselisting Operations are an es,)en­ drinking water supply, privy, etc. Instead of loading tial part of every Census Operations and they are be­ the Houselist form with questions pertaining to indus­ ing >conducted right from 1881, which marked the be­ trial establishments, a sep:lfate schedule with 12 ginning of the regular Census Operations throughout columns caned the Establishment Schedule was formu­ this country. As it is a Herculean task to get the lated in which particulars of each manufacturing esta­ housenumbering done at each Census. it was consi­ blishment were to be recorded. The above schedules dered that the housenumbering done at the 1961 Cen­ along with other schedules were first pretested in Nov·, sus be maintained throughout the intercensal period ember, 1968 in selected areas and the results were dis­ and updated annually. Hence, during the 1961 Cen­ cussed at a conference held in New Delhi in Januarv, sus Operations all the District Collectors were reque~t· 1969. In the light of the decisions taken at the above ed to see that the housenumbering done in connection conference the schedules were revised. In the revise.1 with the 1961 Census is maintained well durin~ the schedules the special houselist was dropped and the ad­ intercensal period, updated and a certificate obtained ditional particulars on the age of the houses, rent paid, to that effect annually from each Tahsildar and Muni· drinking water supply facilities, electricity supply for cipal Commissioner and recorded. domestic purposes, privy, kind of fuel used by the 9. In 1966, the Registrar General, India recom­ household for domestic purposes were proposed to be mended a Scheme on Permanent Housenumbering to collected in Part-II Housing Schedule of the House­ be implemented in all the States. The objective of tbis hold Form On universal basis. The revised forms were Permanent Housenumbering is to have a uniform sys­ pretested again in selected areas during March-April, tem of Housenumbering throughout the country and 1969 after the Director of Census Op~rations had taken to maintain it effectively and continuously, so that it charge. The results of this pretest were discussed at a can serve all purpose~, official as well as non-official, conference of the Directors of Census Operations held requiring the location of the citizen at his household at New Delhi in May, 1969. or the location of a house. The advantage of having 7. The two pretests brought out clearly that the -such a scheme on Permanent Housenumbering is ob­ response to some of these questions was not encourag­ vious and it is in the interest of persons living in the ing. It was found very difficult to elicit information houses as well as of the local authorities and the Gov­ on certain items such as the age of the houses, the dist­ ernment to maintain the House Numbers. Day after ance from source of water supply etc. Even the collec­ day the need for locating every house and household is tion of particulars relating to living area was not easy increasingly felt such as for purposes of providing and measurement was also time consuming. The col­ postal and telegraphic addresses, health and family lection of information on the type of fllel used for planning programmes, socia-economic surveys, prepa­ cooking by the household was also complicated. All ration of electoral rolls. Housing and Population Cen­ these aspects were discussed at the conference of the sus and so on. A good Housenumbering system will Directors of Census Operations held in May, 1969 and serve the needs of the public. The local authorities. the Planning Commission was also consulted. It was all Government Departments and all other agencies considered that the collection of detailed data on should have to deal with lhe location and identification ~ousing in such a large scale operation as the popula­ of the house or household. A manual of instructions tion Census count is not desirable as it will involve con­ relating to the Permanent Housenumbering Scheme, siderable time, expense and ultimately the data would based 011 a similar manual prepared by the office of the not be quite reliable. The Planning Commission fell. Registrar General, India and iSSued by tbe office of that the collection of the aata on amenities such as the Director of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh is electricity, protected water supply, privy etc., for rural given in Appendix II of Section B of this volume. hous~ng r:uay not be meaningful at the present stage of The Permanent Housenumbering Scheme suggest­ hOUSlll~ III the country and that such particulars m,IY be avat1able for the urban areas with the concerned civic ed by the Registrar General, India was accepted by the Government of Andhra Pradesh. To implement the ~uthorities an? the National Buildings Organisa­ tIon could obtam data from them. It was therefore ulti­ scheme the Government of Andhra Pradesh constitu· mately decided to drop collection of detailed data on ted a State Level Permanent Housenumbering Com­ housing such as those mentioned above and to adopt mittee and the Distriot Level Permanent Housenumber­ almost the same Houselist Schedule as in 1961 ((·n· ing Committee, vide G .. O. Ms. No. 576, Home (Elec­ tions-B) Department, dated the 24-4-1968. The com­ SI:lS so that the 1971 Census may show the trend in the matter of usage of house, the material of wall and position of the State Level Permanent Housenumber­ roof and the condition of accommodation with refer­ ing Committee is as follows: ence to the number of rooms per household etc. The 1. Chief Electoral Officer Chairman Houselist and Establishment Schedules so finalised were 2. Joint Secretary to Government, Panch a- canvassed. A copy of the houselist form and establish­ Yat i Raj l)epartment Member ment . sche?ule and t~e instructions for filling them up 3. Director of Municipal Administration Member are given III AppendIX I of Section B of this Volume. 4. Director of Town Planning Member The various columns of the Hauselist are self-ex­ S. Representative of Posts and Telegraphs planatory and the Enumerators were able to canvass Department. (Director of Postal the s~hedule without much difficulty. Services, Andhra Circle) Member INTRODUCTION The Director of Census Operations was made the Census Urganisation has had to point out a few thous­ Convenor of the State Level Commjttee. and houses in some of the cities and large towns which were not numbered and did not find place in the assess­ The District Level Permanent Housenumbering ment registers of the Municipalities. Committee comprised the following: 1. C"llector of the District> Chairman 11. The plea of impracticability of implementing a good and scientific house numbering scheme from 2. R~pre.>entatives of Panchayati Raj lnsti­ tutions: several quarters seems to arise from a lack of foresight, (a) Secretary, Zilla parishad Member practical outlook and above all the will to tackle the problem in the proper perspective. Any amount of (b) Block Development Officer, Panchayat Samithi Member persuasion may not yield results. The Census Organisa­ (c) E~ecutive Authority or Executive Offi- tion can only hope and pray that the outlook of the cer of Qram Panchayat Member civic bodies will change for the better in course of 3. So::cretaries to MuniciPlli[ies Member time. In the Panchayats the position is somewhat diff­ erent. The resources of the Gram Panchayats are very 4. A representative of each of : meagre and hence the Government may give necessary (a) project Administration Member financial assistance either by way of subsidy or in the (b) Railway Colonies Member shape of loan for introducing this scheme successfully (c) Cantonment areas Member and expeditiously. The above committees had a 'series of meet­ ings for the implementation of the Permanent House­ lIousenumbering and Homelisting Operations numbering Scheme. The Scheme was vigorously pur­ 12. The Housenumbering and Houselisting Opera­ sued upto November, 1%9. As the general Housenum­ tions were scheduled to be conducted on All-India basis bering and Houselisting Operations connected with the during February, 1970. This uniformity was followed 1971 Census had to be conducted during February, in this State also except in Hyderabad City. Due to 1970 it was considered that the scheme should be de­ the Telangana agitation, the Housenumbering and ferred from December, 1969 so that the Cemus Offi­ Houselisting Operations could not be conducted in the cers may concentrate on the main Census work and this Municip'dl Corporation limits of Hyderabad during the scheme may be reviewed again after 1972. Upto 1969 said period but it was conducted from 1st April, 1970 significant progress was made in the implementation of to 30th April, 1970. Housenumbering scheme. The scheme was implement­ ed in 1064 villages and in 28 towns. In some of these 13. During the 1961 Census, the periods of House­ areas even the Permanent Housenumbering plates were numbering and Houselisting Operations were left to the got affixed while in other areas the Housenumbering discretion of the Director of Census Operations con­ plans etc., were prepared and numbers allotted and cerned and hence they were not conducted in one single marked by coaItat etc. In certain other places due to period throughout the country. In this State, the paucity of funds the affixing of the number plates was Houselisting operations COllJlected with the 1961 Cen­ not done completely. The Government of India sanc­ sus were conducted during July-August, 1960. In the tioned a subsidy of Rs. 80,000/- during 1969-70 for advance enumeration areas, the Housenumbering and the Panchayats and Municipalities which fully imple­ Houselisting were done along with the advance Census mented the Permanent Housenumbering scheme. It enumeration during November-Decembet 1960. It was is quite necessary to pursue this after 1972 so that by necessary to deal with certain items related to actual the time the next Houselisting Operations begin in 1980 enumeration from July-August, 1960. Because of the the State can have a good permanent Housenumbering pre-occupation of the Officers at the headquarters with system. There will not then be any need to go for more urgent items! of work connected with actual enu­ fresh housenumbering for the next Census but only the meration, which could not be postponed, training of existing numbering will have to be updated. the Enumerators and Super.visors for Houselisting could not be arranged as effectively as was considered 10. In the implementation of this system of Per­ necessary. But the Housenumbering and Houselisting manent Housenumbering Scheme, though the cost in­ Operations of the 1971 Census were done even in the volved for preparation of notional maps, layout Advance Enumeration areas only during February, sketches and providing permanent Housenumbering 1970 along with other areas of the State. plates is nominal, some of the local bodies expressed their own difficulties to meet even this nominal amount. 14. As the houselisting was taken up fairly in -ad­ Considering the advantage of a good permanent House­ vance of actual enumeration it was possible to impart numbering, I feel that if any municipality or local body intensive training to the staff selected as Enumerators finds it difficult to meet this expenditure from its in­ and Supervisors for the Houselisting Oper.ations both adequate finances, the cost of the Housenumbering theoretically and practically during November, 1969 plates could be collected from the owners of the houses to January, 1970. The Charge Superintendents were a~d good permanent Numbering plates could be pro­ first trained during October~November, 1969 in the VIded to all houses. The housenumbering in some of Houselisting Operations by myself and by my Deputy the cities of the State is particularly bad still. The con­ Directors. The Charge Superintendents in their turn cerned authorities do not seem to realise that it is an gave necessary training to the Enumerators and Super­ elementary responsibility of the civic bodies to provide visors. When the actual field work was in progress, a good housenumbering system in their jurisdictions, myself and my Deputies had undertaken intensive even from their point of view. What an irony that the tours to supervise the field work. 1 had also deputed 4 CHAPTER r senior and experienced staff of my office to the dist· identification of the houses selected for any surveyor ricts to supervise and guide the field staff. The out­ other purposes. They also show the residentia.l or nOn· turn and the quality of work found to be quite residential parts of a village or a town and Will be ex­ satisfactory. tremely useful for any exp~nsi~n programm'es and f~r Preparation of Notional Maps rebuilding the housenumbermg III future. A few SpeCI­ mens of the maps prepared at the 1971 Census ~ouse. 15. At the time of Housenumbering and Houselist .. listing Operations are reproduced at Appendix 1Tl ing Operations, the Enumerators and Charge Superin .. given in Section B of this Volume. tendents were asked to prepare detailed notional maps for each of the rural and urban units and also detailed Issue of Instructions for Houselistiag Operations layout sketches for each Housenumbering Block. 20. Soon after the formats of the Houselist and Rural Areas : Establishment Schedules and the Instructions for filling 16. In the rural areas a rough notional map of them were finalised, action was initiated for the con­ the entire village was got prepared and in the notional duct of the Housenumbering and Houselisting Opera- . map the general topographical details and permaneJlt tions. Detailed instructions in this regard were issued to all the District Census Officers and Charge Superin­ features and land marks slL~h as the village-site, roads, cart tracks, hills, rivers, naHas, etc. were shown. Clear tendents in my Circular No.4, dated the 7-11-1969. Jr, demarcation lines of Housenumbering blocks were also the above Circular, instructions were issued as to how given. After preparing the village notional map, de­ the Housenumbering Bloc~s will have to be carved om tailed layout sketch of each of the Housenumbering in the rural and urban areal'. and how the Housenumber­ blocks was prepared. In the sketch of each House­ ing system should be brought up-to-date. The forms numbering block, the layout of the houses was indica­ ~equired for these operations were print~d cent~ally ted. Besides the layout of the houses, layout of the by the Registrar General's Office and supplIed to Direc­ reads, streets together with their names, if any, and tors of Census Operations both in English as well as cart tracks, topographical details, important features in regional languages. This office had taken steps to and public buildings etc. were also given. The Pucca get the instructions translated into Telugu and get the or Kachcha houses were shown by the following con­ required number of copies printed in the local State ventional signs: Government Press. o for Pucca houses Transllation of Instructions into Telugu t::.. fpr Kachcha houses 21. The translation into Telugu was entrusted to a 17. The residential or non-residential houses were few Scholars, with the purpooe of selecting the best further· distinguished by the following signs: among the different translations. illtimately it was found that all of them were literal translations and did not convey the ideas easily and clearly. It w~s felt o Residential Pucca house , that such translations would not help the Enumerators and Supervisors to follow the instructions correctly. 6 Residential Kachcha house The translation attempted by my office in easy prose was finally adopted. ~ Non-residential Pucca house Agency for conducting the lIouselisting Operations A Non-residential Kachcha house 22. Based on the experience gained in the first Urban Areas: and second pretests, it was decided that the village 18. Preparation of notional maps and the House­ officials and the employees of the civic bodies like Bill numbering sketches was done in urban areas on similar Collectors, etc. would be suitable agency for bringing lines as in the case of rural areas. In bigger towns, the housenumb'ering up-to-date and for canvassing the in addition to the notional maps of the town, the Houselist and Establishment Schedules. The Govern­ notional maps for each ward were also prepared. De­ ment of Andhra Prad~sh issued necessary instructions tailed layout sketches were prepared for each ward or to all Departments to spare the services of the persons locality as the case may be, if it was sman and compact. selected from their departments for this work. The Re­ Otherwise the layout sketches had to be prepared for gistrar General, India prescribed Fe~ruary, 197~ as the period for conducting the Houselistmg Operations on eaGh street or in convenient parts of a ward or locality. all -India basis. 19. All the maps prepared at the time of the 23. It was first considered whether the Houselisting Housenumbering were received in the main Census Operations in the non-synchronous tracts should be Office at Hyderabad along with the filled in Housdists. postponed and done along with Advance Enumeration They are stitched in book form in,the ascending ord;:,r as was done at the 1961 Census Operations. But ulti­ of Location Code Numbers, arranged talukwise anJ mately it was decided that the Housenumbering should preserved in the Record Room of the Census Office for be done in all parts of the St.ate including the non­ any future reference. Some of the maps arc r('ally synchronous. tracts from 1st to 28th February, 1970 good. These maps wilJ be of immense use for r·~ference only. The Charge Superintendents were instructed to purposes in future surveys as they will help the easy allot about 300 to 400 houses to each enumerator for INTROl?ucnON canvassing the Houselist and Establishment Schedules. Receipt of filled in records In tile non-major Panchayat villages, the Village Kar· namJPatwari was generally selected as the Enumerator 27. After the Houselisting Operations were com­ for the Housenumbering and Houselisting Operations. pleted all the Charge Superintendents were instructed In his absence local teachers wer~ appointed. In Major to pack car.efully and transmit the filled in schedules to Panchayat villages the Executive Officers of the Gram the Mechanical Tabulation Unit of 1UY office before Panchayats were entrusted with the work of House­ the 15th of March 1970. Necessary arrangements were numbering and Houselisting Operations. In Munici­ made in my office to receive the material after due veri­ palities, the Municipal Commissioners were entrusted fication. In caSe of non-receipt of schedules or other with this work and they were requested to allocate the relevant records from any unit, the concerned Charge areas to their subordinates in a suitable manner. The Superintendents were informed of the non-receipt and Firka Revenue Inspectors and the Tahsildars supervis­ they were obtained from them later. All the records ed the Housenumbering and Houselisting Operations received from the Charge Superintendents were care­ in all rural areas including major panchayats while the fully stored in the record room set apart for the Municipal Commissioners supervised -the work in nnmi­ purpose. They were arranged talukwise and district­ cipal areas. In special areas like coal mines. project wise (rural and urban separately) before processing sites. Special Charge Superintendents were entrusted them. with this job. The enumerators and supervisors were drafted from their establishments. The Revenue Divi­ Building, Ct!nsUlS HOUISe and Household-Definitions sional Officers were in overall charge of the work both in the rural and in urban -areas of their jurisdictions. I 28. The ultimate aim of Housenumbering and feel that the association of the Revenue Divisional OffI­ Houselisting Operation~ is to number and list out all cers and District Panchayat Officers with housenum, physical units of construction which are used for differ­ bering and houselisting would have been more useful, ent purposes, residential or otherwise so as to ensure specially in' respect of Panchayats. full coverage in the main Census enumeration. For housenumbering, the "Buildings" and "Census houses" Training of the Personnel were taken as Units. A building is a readily disting­ uishable structure or group of structures. The entire ,24. Detailed instructions regarding the filling up building may be deemed as one Census house or some· of the Houselist and Establishment Schedules and the times part of it. At the 1971 Census the "building" preparation of Enumerator's Abstract were issued to and "Census house" were defined as below: all Charge Superintendents in my Circular No.5, dated the 8-11-1969. The District Census Officers, the De­ (a) Building: A building is generally a single puty District Census Officers, Sub-divisional Census structure but sometimes made up of more than one Officers and Charge Superintendents were first imparted component unit which are used or likely to be use{{ as training by myself and by my Deputy Directors duro dwellings (residences) or establishments such as shops. ing October-November 1969. They in turn were asked workshops, factories, etc. or as godowns. stores, cattle­ to conduct at least three training classes to the Enu­ sheds, etc., or in combination with any of these such merators and Supervisors during December. 1969 and as shop-cum-residence nr workshop-cum-residen.::e etc. January, 1970 so that the Houselisting Operations could be started from 1st February, 1970 as prescribed by the Registrar General. India. Printed specimen Sometimes a series of different buildings may be filled in forms were also incorporated in the instruc­ found along a street which are joined with one another tions booklet given to the Enumerators and Supervisors by common walls on either side looking like a continu­ to serve as models. A small pamphlet "Guide lines to ous structure. These different units are practic-alLy in­ dependent of one another and likely to have been built S~pervisors" was also Pr?nted and supplied to all Super­ vISorS and Charge- Supermtendents to help them in their at different times and owned by different persons. In supervision work during the Houselisting Operations. such cases though the whole structure with all the ad­ joining units apparently appears to be one building, Supply 0( field material each portion was treated as a separate building and given a separate number . . ?5. The material required for each charge for trammg as· well -as for mam field work were estimated If there are more than one structure within an by my- office and sent to the concerned District Census enclosed or open compound (premises) belonging to Officers by private lorry transport to avoid delay and the same person e.g. the main house, the servant's damage in transit. Detailed instructions were given to quarters, the garage etc., only one building number the Charge Superintendents in my Lr. No. 60941 was given to this group and each of the constituent GENL 169-83, dated 17-1-1970 regarding the scale separate structures assigned sub-numbers like 12/1, of distribution of material to the Enumerators and 12/2, 12/3 etc. pl"CWided leach of these s'tructures Supervisors. satisfied the definition of a Census house. Honorarium (b) Census house: A "Census house" is a build­ ing or part of a building having a main entrance frl}m 26. The. Enumerat?fs who are all employed 011 the road or a common courtyard or stair case etc. honorary OOslS were paId honorarium at Rs. 15/- for and used or recognised as a separate unit. It may be ~.yery 150 houses covered on pro rata basis. The Super­ inhabited or vacant. It may be used for a residential V1Sors wer,e paid honorarium of Rs. 15/- each. . Or non·residential purpose or both .. CHAPTER t

If a building has a number of flats or blocks which even temporary constructions including tents irrespec­ are independent of one other having separate .;;ntrance tive of their sizes will come in its ambit. There is of their own from courtyard leading to a main gate, every possibility that most of the temporary structures they were considered as separate Census Houses. If will vanish after a short period of time., The plinth within a large enclosed area there are separate build­ area of the Census hOuse also is not taken into consi. ings then each such building was counted as one or deration. Hence by a mere count of Census House& it more separate Census houses. If all the structures will not be possible to estimate the dearth 0{ housin& . within an enclosed compound are together treated as accommodation. But it is 'a difficult problem to get one building then. each structure with a separate full details of plinth area also in pucca and kachcha entrance was treated as a separate Census house. houses on full count. Collection of these particulars was attempted in the pretest of tbe Houselisting sche­ 29. Each Census house is numbered. If a building dules but it was found impracticable to gather these by itself is a single Census house, the Census house detailed data on a 100% basiS during houselisting. number is the same as the building number. But if each However a rough idea of relative congestion in different different part or constituent unit of a building qualified areas can be had by analysing the data on average to be treated as a CensllS house, each such Census house number of persons per house and average number of was given a sub-number to the building number .. as persons per room. 12/1, 12/2, 12(3 etc~ The Census houses within a building were numbered continuously clock-wise usual­ 31. The following are SOll1e other concepts follow· ly or in any other convenient order if it was difficult to , ed in the Houselisting. do-it clock-wise. ~c) Household: A household t.> a group of persons 30. The definition of Census house is 110t quite who commonly liVe together and would take their meal~ fool proof and is sometimes difficult of application in its from a cOOlmon kitchen unless exigencies of work pre­ literal sense in the context of varying patterns of vented any of them from doing so. There may be 'one· structures and thei~ usage in this State. In big cities member-household, two-member household or multi­ like Hyderabad, VIsakhapatnam etc., and also in some member household'. For Census purposes each .one of towns a flat made up of four or five rooms may be in these types is reg~rded as a "Household". Again, there the occupation of one household and all four rooms may be a household of persons related by blood .or or five rooms have direct entrance from a common households of unrelated persons; the latter are Boarding courtyard or a stair case. In terms of the definition houses, Hostels, Residential hotels, Orphanages. of a Census House each of these four or five rooms Rescue Homes, Ashrams etc. They are called "Institu­ having entrances from the common stair case etc., may tional Households". qualify to be treated as separate Census houses. But it does not realistically reflect the situation of the number (d) Material ot Wall: The material of wall is of houses. In such cases "singleness" of use of these taken as that out of which the major portion of the rooms along with main house by the household had to walls of the house are made, as for example. grass. be taken into account and entire flat comprising four leaves, reeeJis!, bamboo, Iillburnt bricks, mud~ burnt or five rooms was treated as one Census house and as. bricks, stone, cement concrete, timber etc. Where a signed one house number only. If on the other hand house consists of separate structures, each having each one of these rooms had been separately occupied walls made out of different materials, the material by independent households and if each portiOll had out of which the walls of the main portion of the separate main entrance . then each portion was treat­ hOUse mostly used for living or sleeping are made ed as a separate Census House. Similarly in a hostel is considered as the predominant wall material. building even though the door of each room in which an inmate lives generally has independent aacess to it (e) Material of Roof: The material of roof is common verandah or staircase, the entire hostel build­ taken as that out of which most of the outer roofs, ing had to be treated as one Census house only. In exposed to the weather and not the ceiling is made some parts of the State, speCially in rural areas, a single i.e., tiles, thatch, corrugated iron, zinc or asbestos household occupies a group of huts within an enclosed cement sheets or concrete, slate, tiles, etc. In the fence which has one main entrance. Each of these case of a multi-storeyed building the intermediate floor separate huts is an integral part of the housing unit or floors are considered as the roof of the lower floor. and in such cases it is more realistic to treat the group [f the roof is mainly made of bricks, stone, etc., and as one: Census House. Therefore care was taken to has a mud plaster, cement plaster or lime plaster ex· ascertain if only one household occupied Such a unit posed to the sky, the material of roof in such caseS or more than one household and the house number was will not be "mud", "cement" or "lime" respectively suitably assigned. Thus the definition of Census house but it will be "bricks", "stones", etc., which constitute was not foolproof an.d h~d t? be applied having due the fabric of the roof. regard to the actual SItuation III such exceptional cases. The 'singleness' of use had therefore to be taken Establishmmt-Definition i~to account in t?~ cla~ification of Census house to An 'Establishment' is a place where goods are gIve a more realIstIc pIcture of housing accommoda­ produced or manufactured not solely for domestic con­ tion. Moreover the definition of Census House does samption or where servicing and/or repairing is done not indicate the type and size of structure that it should such as factory, workshop or household industry or a have. Hence all Pucca and Kachcha constructions and place where retail or wholesale business is carried on lNtR.ODUCTION ?

or commercial services are rendered or an office, pub­ types of common errors were noticed during the scru­ lic or private or, a place of entertainment or where edu­ tiny. cational, religious, social or entertainment services are Col. I-Line Number: The line number under this rendered. It is necessary that in all these places one column was continuously given to the entire village or more persons should be actually working. Thus an instead of separately for each Housenumbering block e6tablishment will cover manufacturing, trade and other in respect of villages having more than one house num­ establishments where people work. bering block. An Establishment may occupy a Census house or a Cols. 4 and 5,-Material oj wall and roof; Instead group of Census. houses or a part of a Census house. • of reporting the actual material used for the wall and roof of the Census. house it was reported as 'Pucca' Living Room or 'Ka,~hcha' or 'midde'. A Room should have four walls with a door way, Col. 6c~Purpose tor which Census house is used: Although particulars of the household number, with ~L roof over head and should be wide and long enough for a person to sleep in i.e., it should have a name of the head of the household. number of mem­ length of not less than 2 metres and a breadth of at bers in the household etc., were given under cols. 9 to least It metres, and a height of 2 metres. An enclosed 16 against certain houses, the purpose for which the room, however, which is used in common for Census house is used was kept blank under col. 6. In sleeping, sitting, dining, storing and cooking etc., certain cases instead of recording it as "residential", should be regarded as a room. An unenclosed veran­ "vacant" was recorded although the house was occu­ dah, kjtchen, store, garage, cattle-shed and latrine and pied and the number of members in the household liv­ rooms in which a household industry such as a hand­ ing in that house was indicated under cols. 13 to 15. loom is located which are not normally usable for living or sleeping etc., are excluded from the defini­ Col. 7: Is it used wholly or partly as an establish- . tion of a room. ment? In many cases column was left blank. Owned or Rented HI)UISe Col. 8: Household number: Under this column If a household is occupying a Census house owned althougb a house contained more than one household, by itself and is not paying anything to anybody in the household numbers were not given under this co­ the form of rent then the household was considered as lumn in certain cases. In certain other cases entries living in own house. A household living in a flat or were made under cols. 3 to 7 against each household a house taken on 'ownership' basis on 'payment of in­ number also. stalments, should be regarded as living in its own house, notwithstanding that all instalments have not Col. 10: If Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe been paid. write name of the caste or tribe:

A household is treated to be living in a rented Under this column the word "Harijan" or S.C. was ~ouse if rent. is paid or contracted for, by the occupants recorded in many cases where the household belonged m cash or kmd. When an owner permits a household to a Scheduled Caste instead of writing the actual caste to live in a house rent free, even then the household name. Similarly in respect of certain houses only the is treated as. living in a rented house. AU households word 'Scheduled Tribe' was recorded instead of the living in rent free accommodation such as provided name of the 'Scheduled Tribe. to employees by Government; Institutions, Companies etc., are also treated as living in rented houses. Col. 11: Number of living rooms : In certain cases the number of living rooms in the Census hOuse­ hold was not recorded under this column. Scrutiny of filled in Schedule!! Col. 12: Owned or rented: In certain cases it was .. 32. The. Mechanical T~bulation Unit consisting of not indicated whether the house was owned or rented. edltmg, codmg and punchmg cells was established in my office in ~he month. of April, 1970 for the processing Col. 16: Does the household cultivate land? of the filled III Housellsts and Establishment Schedules received from the Charge Superintendents. Soon after Instead of recording "Yes" or "No" under this the Houselists were received they were checked up to ~olumn .in certain cases the column was kept blank and ensure that the schedules have been received from all III certaIn other cases 'X' mark was put. the Enumerators for every village and town. It was also e~sured that all the house numbering blocks for ~3: All the above types of errors were carefully e.aC.h VIllage and town were cove~ed during the House­ scrutlll~sed and corrected based on other available in­ hs:tJn_g operations.. In cases where the schedules were formatIOn and necessary imputations were made wher­ mlssmg, the concerned Charge Superintendents were ever found .necessary ...The instructions issued relating addressed and the missing schedules. were obtained. to the scrutmy a~d editIng of the houselisting schedules ~fter ensuring the full receipt of all the schedules, scru­ are reproduced III Appendix IV in Section B of this tmy of the schedules was started and the followinG " Volume. CHAI''i'ER 1 The Census Act and conducting of Houselisting Opera. 2 and 3 for an operational unit and a {omplete check tions was made of the serial numbers before commencing the sampling to ensure that all the Census houses 34. The Census Officers are empowered undel' sec­ were given serial numbers. Omission or duplication tion 9 of the Census Act I g48 (Act No. 37 of 1948) to of a serial number was corrected immediately. since paint on or affix to the place such letters, marks or sampling had to be done continuously for the entire numbers to the Census houses as may be necessary for operational unit. If any housenumbering block was the purposes of Census. There is, however, no provi­ found missing it was added at the end of sampling sion to ascertain the various data required under the purposes. The random start lay between 1 and 5 houselist schedule. Hence there is no legal backing and the random start assigned to the operational unit for the houselisting operations though it is there for was taken as the first sample and every fifth house housenumbering. However no great difficulty was ex­ thereafter was taken as subsequent samples. Thus the perienced on account of this handicap in Houselisting required samples were selected in the operational unit. Operations in this State. After completing the sampling, editing and coding were taken up in respe.:t of the selected sample hous~s, as Houselisting Operations in the Mll'llicipal Corporatioli per the instructions issued by the Registrar General's of Hyderabad Office. In the editing stage no pe.:::uliar difficulties were noticed. Coding was done as below after the 35. The Houselisting Operations were conducted editing was completed. during February, 1970 as p~r the all-India Programme except in Hyderabad City. There was some difficulty for the Municipal Corporation, due to the Telangana 39. the following were the items coded before agitation, to undertake houselisting during February. transmitting the houselists to the Punching Cell for 1970 and a representation was made to that effect. A card punching. meeting of the Municipal Commissioner, other Officers of the Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad, Director I. District of Census Operations and other officers of the Census 2. Taluk/T own/City Office was convened in the Municipal Corpr,ralinl1 1 Village/Ward on 6-1-1970. The Registrar General, India, who presid­ ed over this meeting finally decided that houselisting 4. Housenumbering block operations in the Hyderabad Municipal Corporation S. Sample line selected (col. 3) limits may be conducted in April-May 1970 and this 6. Material of wall (col. 4) programme was adhered to. 7. Material of roof (col. 5) 8. Purpose of Census house (col. 6) Quality of wo'rk done in the Hou®eU~ting Operations 9. ScheduleclCastes and Scheduled Tribes alJd 36. The quality of work was generally good Others (col. 10) throughout the State. Except in one or two stray cases 10. Household5living in owned or rented houses the schedules were not referred back to the field. The (col. 12). abstracts furnished along with houselists were generally satisfactory and no serious or irreconcilable discrepan­ 11. Whether the household cultivating land either cies were noticed in the actual data contained in the owned or of others or not (col. 16) houselists and in the data given in the abstracts. Mechanical Tabulation of Data Processing of data coBected in the Housetisting and 40. After coding was completed the houselists Establishment ScheduIes were transmitted to Punching Cell where the data in 37. After ensuring the complete receipt of all th~ respect of every house were punched On 80 column houselists they were scrutinised and aU the glaring in­ cards according to the cHd design communicated by consistencies were rectified and omissions were imput­ the Regis~rar Gen~ral's Office. The punched cards ed as per the instructi()ns issued by the Registrar Gene­ were sent In COnVelllel1t batches to the Zonal Computer ral, India. The processing of the Houselist data had to Centre at Madras along with some senior staff members be done only on a 20% sample basis and hence sampl­ of the Punching Cell for card-to-tape operation. Gene. ing wa~ taken up after the scrutiny was over. A techni. rally the data of 60.000 to 70,000 cards were taped cal note on the sample design and the precision of esti .. on. a reel.. Any min?r mistakes noticed in card pun­ mates 'prepared by the office of the R. G. India is given chIDg dunng the edIt run of Card-to-tape operatioll in Appendix V in Section B of this Volume. For were immediately rectified by punching fresh cards purposes of sampling 3 operational units viz., (i) Taluk by the staff deputed by this office and the tapes were in rural areas, (ii) City (having population of one lakh sent to the Registrar General's Office at New Delhi for . (md above) and (iii) Non-city urban areas of the preparation of prescribed Tables on the Computer . district were recognized and they were allotted separate random starts for purposes of selecting of 20% syste- matic sample houses ftom the houselists. , " 41. This is the first time to introduce the mecha­ nical processing of part of the Census data in this 38. In selecting the samples a running serial country. Even so there was no difficulty in the tabu­ number was given to all Census houses between eols. lation of the houselist data. CHAPTER 2 Uses to which Census Houses are put CATEGORISATION OF CENSUS HOUSES, hence it was possible to tabulate all such houses under the category of vacant houses. Thus vacant houses in­ A Census house which has already been defined clude also dilapidated houses and houses which are earlier. might have been vacant or used wholly or either under repair or under construction. partly either for residential or non-residential purposes or might have been dilapidated at the time of House, listing Operations conducted in February, 1970. The 2. RESIDENCES purpose for which a Census house was used, a~ t~e A Census house which was wholly used for human time of HOllselisting Operations was recorded III habitation and not combined with any other use was col. 6 of the Houselist, in respect of each house. classified under this category. The particulars so collected under col. 6 of House­ list were tabulated and presented in Table H-I "Census 3. SHoP·cum .. REslDFNCES Houses and the' uses to which they are put". The Census houses are categorised as follows Ill. this table If a Census house was used both for purposes according to how they are used : of living and also for running a shop where some goods and articles were sold for cash or credit it was 1 Vacant houses treated as shop-cum-residenci: and all such Census 2 Residences houses were included under this category. If the . 3. Shop-cwm-Residences shop portion and the living portion though located in the same building form separate portions having sepa­ 4. Workshop-cum-residences (induding House­ rate entrances, then each portion was treated as a hold Industry) separate Census house and categorised separately 5. Hotels. Sarais, Dharmasalas, Tourist homes ac.:::ording to the use to which: the Census house was and Inspection Bungalows put to. 6. Shops excluding Eating Houses 7 Business Houses and Offices 4. WORKSHop-cum-REsIDENCES 8 Factories, Workshops and Worksheds If a Census house was used both for the purposes 9 Restaurants, Sweetmeat shops and eating of living and for locating a workshop, i.e., a place where places some production, processing, repair or servicing ware carried on it was treated as a workshop-cum-residence 10 Places of Entertainment, Community gather­ and all such Census houses were included under this ings (Panchayat Ghars etc.) excluding places category. of Worship H Places of Worship (e.g. Temple, Church, Mosque, Gurudwara etc.) 5. HOTELS, SARAIS; DHARMASALAS, TOURIST HOMES AND INSPIjCTION BUNGALOWS 12 Others Tne above data are given upto district level with All the Census houses used for these purposes, Rural and Urban breakup and for each City. i.e .. for a temporary sojourn of people were included under this categor} 2. The. classification of the Census houses under the above eleven categories is explained below:-- 6. SHoPS EXCLUDING EATING HOUSES 1. VACANT HOUSES All Census houses used exclusively for running shops, i.e., where gauds and articles are sold for cash If in' a Census house no perSall was found to he or credit were included under this category. Restau­ living at the time of Houselisting and if it was also rants and eating places where also some articles are not being used for any other purposes, then the house sold were not included under this category but were was treated as vacant and tabulated under this cate­ treated as a 'Separate category. gory. If the Census house was locked because the occupants had gone on journey or pilgrimage, it was not treated as vacant. But the use to which it was 7. BUSINESS HOUSES AND OFFICES put to was recorded and accordingly tabulated. The All Census houses in which banks, offices vr reason for vacancy such as dilapidated, under repair, firms, commercial and business houses, governmental incompkte construction, want of tenant etc., was re­ as well as non-governmental offices etc., are located corded under the remarks column of the Houselist and were included under this category. 9 • 10 CHApt~R n

8. FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND WORKSHEDS Out of thl1 total of 10,648,870 Census houses in the State, 8,833,600 are in the rural areas and 1,815,270 All the Census houses which were exclusively in the urban areas. Thus over 83% of the total used as pJaces of production, processing, repairing and Census houses are found in the rural areas, and servicing irrespective of their size (i.e. registered or the remaining 17% in the urban areas. !he Coastal unregistered) were included under this category. Andhra. Rayalaseema and Telangana regIOns account for 46%, 19% and 35% respectively of the total 9 RESTAURANTS, SWEETMEAT SHOPS AND EATING Census houses in the State. PLACES

Census houses used as restaurants (without lodging VACANT HOUSES facilities), tea stalls, sweetmeat shops etc., were in. 4. The toal number of vacant houses was 641,415 c1uded under this category. in the State constituting abo·ut 6% of the total num­ ber of the Census houses and the remaining 94% 10. PLACES OF ENTtRTA1NMENT AND COMMUNITY are occupied Census houses used for one purpo~e or GATHERING the other i.e., residential or otherwise. At the 1961 Census the proportion of vacant houses was almost All Census houses used for entertainment and the same. It should be noted that vacant houses refer community gathering such as dnema houses, com­ to aU types of houses not merely residential houses. munity hails, town halls etc., were included under this The proportions of occupied houses in th~ rural and category. At the 1960 Houselisting Operations places urban areas are 94.1 % and 93.4% respect1V;:ly of the of worship like temples, churches, mosques etc., were lotal number of houses in these areas. included under this category but at the 1970 House­ listing they were excluded from this category and 5. Srikakulam district has the largest proportion treated as a separate .category. of vacant houses (8.9%) closely followed by the dist­ ricts of Anantapur (8.2%) and Cuddapah (8.0%). 11. PLACIlS OF WORSHIP Krishna district has the lowest proportion of 3.6o/J vacant houses. . All Census houses used exclusively as places of worship like temples, mosques, churches, mandirs etc., 6. In the rural areas of East Godavad, West Goda­ were included under this category. This is the first vari, Krishna, Khammam and Adilabad districts, the time such places have been categorised separately. proportion of vacant houses is less than 4 % while in Visakhapatnam, Guntur, Nellore, Chiltoor, Mahbub­ nagar, Hyderabad, Medak, Nizamabad, Karimnag~r, 12. OTHERS Warangal and Nalgonda districts the proportion lles .Besides the categories mentioned above. there will between 4% and 7%. In the remaining five di~trkts be a large number of Census houses used for different i.e., Srikakulam, Ongole, Cuddapah, Anantapur and purposes which could not be conveniently brought Kurnool, the proportion of vacant houses in the rural under any of the above categories, for example, edu­ areas is more than 7%. The highest proportion of .cational institutions, medical and public health insti­ vacant houses is nearly 9% recorded in Srikakulam dis­ tutions, cattle sheds, cattle pounds, garages, godOwns, trict. bus passenger shelters, places of personal services such 7. The proportion of vacant houses is gen;;!wily as barber's saloon, laundry-cum-dwelling, water-pump higher in the Urban" areas. This appears to be due sheds etc. All these miscellaneous cases were included to the large number of constructions undertaken in under this category. The educational institutions and urban areas and specially in the induslrial and deve­ medical and public health institutions were categorised loping towns to meet the larger demand for housing and tabulated separately at the 1960 Houselisting but accommodation. These new constructions may not be they have been included under this category in the occupied immediately after the buildings are com­ Houselist in the present Census in view of the fact pleted and there may be time lag between the com­ that provision was made to record particulars of these pletion of construction of the houses and their actual institutions separately in the Establishment Schedule. occupation. On account of shifting of families due These partkulars are given in Table E-I-"Distribu­ to transfers of Government employees and those em­ lion of Establishments by broad types", printed in Part ployed in business and industry etc., some houses may HI-B-Establishment Tables Volume. be falling vacant. Also, as new colonies develop with better amenities and in healthier localities, some house­ Total Census Houses holds naturally, move into those new colonies. Con­ sequently some houses in the o1der and congested 3. According to the 1970 Houselisting Operations localities do fall vacant in the larger towns and cities.· there were 10,648,870 Census houses in Andhra Pra­ Thus the houses fall vacant more frequently jn urbatt desh including vacant houses ~mpared to 8,7Sg,385 areaS than in the rural areas. Hence in the urban Census houses recorded at the 1';160 Houselisting Ope­ areas a larger proportion of vacant houses is observed rations. Thus during the decade 1960-70 the number than in the rural areas and this does not necessarily of Census houses in the State increased by 21.58%. The mean that more housing accommodation is available increase is more pronounced in the urban areas, than in in urban areas than in rural areas. In some of the the rural areas. The percentage of increase is 19.70% Municipal areas there is a possibility of unbuiIt in rural areas compared to 31.67 % in the urban ar.t:as. house sites also being allotted house-numbers and USES TO WlUC,H CENSUS ,HOUSES ARE PUT n

recorded as vacant in the present houselists. Such <;oastal ~dhra and Rayalaseema regions it is con­ cases may not, however, be large. SIderable m the Te1angana region. 8. The proportion of vacant houses in the urban areas of the State is 6.6%. It varies from 4.9% in the 12. The highest proportion of the houses used exclusively for residential purposes is fOund in Visa­ ~ban areas of Visakhapatnam district to 10.6% khapatnam district. In this district 826 out of every III the urban areas of Khammam district. In Coastal· Andhra, the highest proportion of 9.3% of vacant 1000 houses are wholly residential. The other cis­ h.ouses is observed in the urban areas of Ongole dist­ tricts that follow in the descending order are West net. In Rayalaseema, the highest proportion of Godavari (794), Hyderabad (788). East Godavari (785), vacant houses in the urban areas is 9% and is re­ Nalgonda (783), and Mahbubnagar (771). AdiJabad dis· corded in Chittoor district. The proportion of vacant trict has the lowest proportion of 652 residential houses houses in the urban areas is generally high in all the for every 1000 houses. in the State. In all the other Telangana districts except Hyderabad. Most of the distric.ts 655 or more of every 1000 houses are used quarters built for\ the Engineering and Consrructiol1 as reSIdences. The low proportion in Adilabad dist­ staff when the construction of the Nagarjunasagar Pro· rict represents its peculiar pattern. It seems that the ject was in progress had fallen vl;\Q!l-nt subsequently pattern of habitations in this district is such that the and hence a liigh proportion of 10.3% of vacant residences may consist of a group of Census houses houses is found in the urban areas of Na1gonda dist­ mad~ ~p of two or three uni~s, one being used, actually rict. Industrial estates with several worksheds and for livmg, the other as gram storage and a third as quarters were established in different towns. Many. of a cattle shed etc. The latter two which will also the units in these estates are also found vacant which be counted as independent Census houses. if they had may be one of the reasons for a high proportion separate accesses, would have been brouO'ht under of vacant houses in the urban areas of certain "Others" and only one unit shown' as at:> residence, districts. Consequently the proportion of houses under the cate­ gory "Others" in this district is the highest. 251 houses per 1000 houses come under the category of "Others" RESIDENTIAL HOUSES in this ciistrict resulting in the recording of a smaller 9. There are 8,234,875 Census houses used wholly number of Census houses under the whoUy residential. or partly for residential purposes out of the tl)tal of category. 10,648,870 Census houses in the State. The residential houses constitute the highest proportion of 77.3 % of 13. The proportion of wholly residential houses in the total Census houses as agaip.st the corresponding the urban areas is generally more than that in the proportion of 80.2% at the 1961 Census. Out of rur.al areas in the 10 districts of Visakhapatnam, 8,234,875 residential Census houses, 7,925,135 houses Kn.shna, Ongole, Kurnool. Hyderabad, Nizamabad, are used wholly as residences, while 113,850 houses Adllabad, Karimnagar, Khammam and Waranga!. In are used as shop-cum-residences and 195,890 houses ~he _Olhi:r 10 districts of the State the rural proportion are used as workshop-cum-residences. Thus 74.4% IS hIgher than the urban proportion of houses used ex­ of the total houses are used purely for residence pur­ clusively fo~ residential purposes. The proportion of poses, 1.1 "(', as shop-rum-residences and 1.8% as ~ou',es classified under ."Others" is comparatively high ~orkshop-cum-residences. The corresponding propor­ III the rural areas. ThiS may be the result of a larO'e hons at the 1961 Census were 78.7%. 0.4% and nu.mb~r of cattle she?s and grain storage iiheds et~ .• 1.1 % respectively. In the rural areas 77.0% of the bem~ mcluded under Others". The proportion of resi. total Census houses are used wholly or partly as dentm.l house~ to the total number of houses is 770 per residences while in urban areas the corresponding pro­ 1000 Muses III I the rural areas while it is 789 in the portion is 78.9%. urban areas of the State. It ranges from 655 in the rural areas of Adilabad district to 845 in the rural areas 10. Some of the partly residential houses like of Visakhapatnam district and from 739 in the urban laundry-cunHes)idence. barber's saloon-cum-residence, areas_ of Chittoor district to 848 in the urban areas' of though small in number are included under the cate­ Visakhapatna~ distric~. More than 800 houses per 1000 gory. of "Others" as they cannot conveniently be are used as reSIdences III the rural areas of Visakhapat­ brought under any other head. If these houses are nam, East qod.avari, W~st Godavari, Mahbubnagar and also taken into account the proportion of the houses Nalgonda dlstncts and III the urban areas of Visakha­ used wholly or partIy as residences would perhaps go patnam. East Godavari. Hyderabad, Adilabad. Karim­ up slightly. nagar and Waranga] districts. In the rural areas of the other districts the proportion ranges from 700 to WHOLLY RESIDENTIAL HOUSES .800 except in Ongole. Nizamabad, and Adilabad, while III the urban areas of other districts it is below 800. 11. This category of houses constitute 74.4 % of the total Census houses against 78.7% at the 1961 SHOP-cum-RESIDENCES Census. Among the three regions of the State the highest proportion of houses used exclusively for 14 .. The proportion of houses in this category has residences is found in Coastal Andhra region followed largely Illc~eased com~red to the position in 1960. by Rayalaseema and Telangana regions. Though Generally III rural areas and in smaller urban units the variation between the proportions of residential the. houses are more. frequently used as shop-cum­ houses is marginal in the rural and urban areas of resldenm than exclUSIVely as shops. But in the bi~ger 12 Cl'IAPTER n urban units the shops will be mostly concentrated in Godavari, Hyderabad, Adilabad, Warangal, Khammani certain exclusively business localities. Hence it is and Nalgonda. The rural proportion ranges from 7 natural to find a larger number of shop-cum-residences per 1000 in Krishna district to 34 in Nalgonda dis­ in the rural areas and in smaller urban units than in trict. The urban proportion ranges from 3 per 1000 the larger towns and cities. in Hyderabad district to 77 in Nizamabad. In big cities like Hyderabad, Vijayawada etc., there is greater 15. The proportion of Census houses used as scope to have independent workshops instead of work· shop-cum-residences is only II per 1000 houses in the shop-cum-residences. Hence in the districts having State as a whole as against 4 per 1000 houses in 1960. larger cities, the proportion of workshop-cum-resi­ In the rural areas the proportion is 10 per 1000 and dences will be less. 13 in the urban areas. The highest proportion of 18 shop-cum-residences per 1000 Census houses is record­ HOTELS, SARA IS, DHARMASALAS, TOURIST HOMES AND ed in Nalgonda district, followed by 17 in Ananta pur INSPECTION BUNGALOWS and 15 in Cuddapah districts. The lowest proportion of 7 per 1000 is found in Visakhapatnam and Adilabad 18. The proportion of Hotels, Sarais, Dharmasalas districts. The low proportion reflects the backward­ and Tourist homes to the total number of houses is ness of the rural areas of these districts in respect of higher in the urban areas than in the I rural areas, retail trade. Adilabad district is economically back­ though in terms of absolute numbers they may be ward and Visakhapatnam district has large ti,lcts of more numerous in the rural areas particularly because Agency areas which are economically backward. of a large number of Dharmasalas. and sara is in the Therefore these two districts have low proportion of more hospitable rural areas. Restaurants and (',ltirrg shop-cum-residences. The proportion of shop-cum­ places are not included under this cafegory. Ther!:! are residences to the total number of houses is generally only 22,250 Census houses occupied by Hotels, Sarais, higher in the urban areas than in the rural areas of all Dharmasalas, Tourist homes and Inspection bungalows • the districts. However the disparity between the rural out of the total of 10,648,870 houses in the State. and urban proportions is more marked in districts 17.125 are in rural areas and 5.125 in urban areas. which have larger towns and cities. In Hyderabad and They form a very small proportion of 2, 2 and 3 Nalgonda districts, however, the proportion of 18 per per 1000 Census houses in total, rural and urban 1000 in the rural areas in both the cases IS higher areas respectively. The corresponding proportions in than the urban proportions of 11 and 17 respectively. 1960 were 1, 1 and 3 respectively. The highest pro­ Evidently the very small number of shop cum-tesiden­ -portion of 5 per 1000 houses is found in Cuddapah ces in Hyderabad City (only 2,995 out of a total of and KurnoCJll districts followed by 4 per 1000 in 293,920 Census houses) has pulled down the urban Krishna district. In eight districts out of 21 districts proportion of shop-cum-residence. In Nalgonda dis­ in the State there is only one Census house belonging trict, the urban units are not so well developed' and to this category per every 1,000 houses. In eight dis­ have only a semi-urban character. In Nizamabad dis­ tricts of the remaining 13 districts there are only two trict both the rural and urban areas recorded the same Census houses belongi~g to this category per every 1000 proportion of 10 per 1000 under this category. The houses. In the rural areas of Srikakulam district the rural ahd urban proportions in other districts range proportion is negligible, while the highest proportion from 7 to 18 and 9 to 23 per 1000 respectively. of 5 per 1000 houses is recorded in Cuddapah and KumooI districts. In the urban areas the proportion ranges from 1 per lOOO houses in Hyderabad district ·WORKSHOP-cum-RESIDENCES to 11 per 1000 in Chiftoor district. The variation· 16. In almost all the districts, workshop-cum­ between rural and urban areas is very marked in residenc·es are more numerous than shop-cum-resi­ Srikakulam, Chittoor, Karimnagar and Nalgonda dis­ dllnces. However, their proportion to the total number tricts. This is mainly due to the backwardness of the of houses is not high. The proportion is 18 per 1000 for rural areas in these districts. the State as a whole. 18 in the rural areas and 20 in the urban areas. The corresponding proportions. in SHOPS EXCLUDING EATING HOUSES .1960 were 1], II and 8 respectively. This indicates that the workshop.cum-residences have increas,ed dur­ 19. There are 151,270 Census houses occupied by ing the decade. The highest proportion cf 35 per 1000 shops excluding eating houses in this State out of a total is recorded in Nizamabad district followed by 32 in of 10,648,870 houses. 61,590.of such houses arc in Nalgonda district and 30 both in Medak and Karim­ the ruml areas and 89.680 are in urban areas. Shops nagar districts. This may, to some extent, reflect the excluding eating houses constitute 1.4% of the total lack of separate workshop facilities in these areas. It Census houses in the State, at the present Census as may also be attributed to the existence of more IlJuse­ against 1.3% at the 1961 Census. The proportion of hold industries like handloom weaving, tanning, cobbl­ the shops in urban areas is as high as 4.9% of the ing, pottery. bidi making in these districts. The pro­ total Census houses. For obvious reasons the urban portion is low i.e. 9 per 1000 houses in Krishna and proportion i~ considerably higher than the rural pro­ Hyderabad districts. portion in all the districts. There are less than 10 shops per 1000 houses (i.e. less than 1%) in the rural 17. The proportion of workshop-cum-residences/ to parts of all the districts except in Mahbubnagar, Hyda­ the total number of houses is higher in the urban areas abad and Medak districts. The rural proportion in all the districts except in Visakhapatnam. East ran~es from 4 per lOOO in Visakhapatnam district to USES TO WHicH CENSUS HOUSES ARE PUT 13

11 per 1000 in Mahbubnagar district. The highest STATEMENT II, I-Concld. figure of 45 shops per 1000 houses is recorded in Hyderabad district mainly because of the influence PROPORTION OF SHOPS AND SHOP-CUM-RESIDENCES of Hyderabad city where there are as many as 71 AND PROPORTION OF WORKERS IN TRADE shops per 1000 Census houses. Except in the rural AND COMMERCE parts of Visakhapatnam, Karimnagar, Warangal, and ------. Khammam in all other districts there are more than Proportion of shops Proportion uf 4, shops per 1000 houses. In the rural parts of these and shop-cum-resi­ workers in 4 districts however the proportion is less than 4 per dences per I ,(lC 0' Trade and Com­ 1000 houses. State/District houses merce per 1,000 % population ,-~.A. __,", r-~ SHOPS AND SHop-cum-REsIDENCES Rural Urbntl Rural Urban 20. It would perhaps be appropriate to consider ------~------~------shop-cum-residences and shops together while dis­ ( 1) (2) (3) (4) (5) cussing the proportion of houses occupied by trading __ _L______••• _._~ ______concerns. The combined proportion is 25 per WOO West Godav::ri 17 72 15 65 for the State as a whole, 17 for the rural areas alld Krishna 16 60 62 in the urban areas. It is significant to observe in 12 68 this connection that the variation in the rural urban Gunlur, 14 55 13 65 proportions is not so marked in the case of shop­ Ongole (Prakasam):_ 15 [6 15 62 cum-residences as in the case of shops, though in both the cases the urban prOpOrtion is higher than the Nellolc 15 71 12 70 rural. The combined proportion is highest in Hyder' Chittoor 16 74 10 73 (lbad distr;ct which recorded 59 shops and shop-cum­ tesidences per 1000 houses, while the proportion lies Cllddapah 19 72 II 78 between 17 and 30 per 1000 houses in other districts. An::n:cipur 22 68 10 63 In the rural areas the combined proportion lies het­ Kllcnool 19 57 12 64 v/een 11 and 28 per 1000 houses and in the urban areas it ranges between 43 and 77. The urban pro­ Mahbubnagar 23 62 13 58 portlOr. is more than 50 per 1000 houses in 18 dis­ Hyderabad 28 77 18 60 tricts. An urban proportion of less than 50 per 1000 houses is recorded in Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam and Medak 21 76 13 60 Adilabad districts. The combined proportion is also Nizamabad 18 59 15 66 high in respect of the cities due to a greater cOn­ 12 44 10 48 centration of the trading activity in .cities than in Adilabad smaller towns and rural areas. Karimnagar 13 55 11 46 21. It is interesting to note that the observations Waran!.a) 17 60 11 54 made above with regard to the rural and urban pro­ Khammam 14 54 11 55 jx>rtion of shops and shop-cum-residences in the dis­ Nalgonda 26 67 15 60 tricts generally correspond to the proportion of the ------_. -- -.- ---'- population engaged in trade and commerce. The fol­ lowing statement gives the· proportion of shops and shop-cum-residences ptr 1000 houses and the propOr­ BUSINESS HOUSES AND OFFICES tion of workers engaged in trade and commerce per 22. There are 35,445 Census houses occupied by 1000 population in the rural and urban areas of the State and in each of the districts. business houses and offices in this State out of a total of 10,648,870 houses. 18,490 of such houses are located in the rural areas while 16,955 are in the urban areas. STATEMENT If. 1 The proportion of business houses and offices to the PROPORTION OF SHOPS AND SHOP-CUM-RESIDENCES total Census houses is thus very small in this State. AND PROPORTION OF WORKERS IN TRADE There are only 3 business houses and offices per 1000 AND COMMERCE houses in the State. At the 1961 Census the propor­ Proport :on of shop" Proportion ~f tion was only 2 per 1000 Census houses. The highest Dnd shop-cum-resi- workers III proportion of 6 per 100~ h?uses in. this ~ategory !s .. dences per 1, 000 Trade ?nd Com- recorded in Hyderabad dIstrIct and IS mamly contn­ S!ate/Dis:rict houses merce per 1,000 buted by Hyderabad city which has 7 houses occupied of popubtion ~---A--l r--A~~l by business houses and bffices per 1000 houses. There Rural Urban Rural Urban are only two business houses and offices per 1000 ------~~-- houses in Karimnagar district. There has been an'in­ (I) (2) ~3) (4) (5) crease in the proportion of business houses and offices ANDHRA PRADESH 17 62 13 62 in all the districts except Medak compared to the Srikakulr.m . 16 49 16 ,64 proportion registere~ in 19~O. In Medak district the Visakhapatnam 11 43 12 Sl proportion has remamed statIOnary at 2 per 1000 house~ EftS! Godavari !7 50 18 66 both in 1960 and 197Q, CH4.l'fSR, II

23. In all the districts of the State the propOrtion the urban areas of all the districts than in the rural of business houses and offices, for obvious reasons is areas except in Ongole (Prakasam) district. In the notably higher in the urban areas than in the rural rural areas the proportion ranges from 3 per 1000 areas. The rural proportion is 2 per 1000 houses in house~ in Nalgonda and Anantapur districts to 29 per all the districts except in Hyderabad district, where 1000 in Ongole (Prakasam) district, There are less it is 3 per 1000. The urban proportion is 7 or more than 5 factories and workshops per 1000 houses in per 1000 in all the districts. The higher proportion the rural areas of Srikakulam, Nel1ore, Chlttoor. Cud· of business houses and offices in the rural parts of dapah. Anantapur. Kurnool. Nalgonda and Warangal Hyderabad district may be due to certain banks and districts while in the rural areas of other districts the business houses coming up recently in the rural areas proportion lies between 5 to 12 per 1000 houses. The adjoining Hyderabad city where a few indl!lstries etc. higher proportion of factories and workshops in are Jo~ated. In Coastal Andhra. Ra}laJaseema and Ongole (Prakasam) district may be due to the large Telangana regions there are 5. 2 and 2 business houses number of tobacco barns in several places. In fact and offices respectively per 1000 urban houses. In the it is observed from the Establishment tables that as cities the proportioo of this category of houses varies many as 2,401 establishments out of a total of 7.225 from 6 per 1000 in Visakhapatnam to 13 per 1000 in es.tablishments engaged in manufacture of beverages. Eluru and Secunderabad. The cities in Coastal Andhra tobacco and tobacco products in the State are found !nd Rayalaseema generally have a high proportion of in Ongole (Prakasam) district. There are as many as business houses and offices than the cities in Telangana 30 factories and workshops per 1000 houses in Machi. probably indicating a higher degree of development in lipatnam and Nellore cities closely followed by 27 in banking. insurance and other commercial activity in Vijayawada city. In other cities the proportion the former two regions than in Telangallil. ranges from 12 to 23. The low proportion of factories and workshops in many of the districts indicates the FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND WORKSHEDS industrial backwardness. 24. There are 101.270 Census houses in the State which are used as factories and workshops. 65,450 25. The following statement indicates the proper· of them are in the rural areas and 35,820 are in the tions of houses used as workshop·cum-residences and urban areas. Thus factories and worksnops constitute factories per 1000 houses in the rural and urban only 1.0% of the total Census houses in the State. The areas of the State and each district and the proportions corresponding proportion in 1960 was 0.6%. The of persons engaged in household and non·household rural and urban proportions in 1970 are 0.7% ard industries per 1000 population in the rural and urban 2.0% respectively as against the corresponding pro· areas of the State and each district. The proportions portions of 0.4% and 1.8% respective1y in 1960. These of those engaged in Household Industry and Non. factories and workshops cover mostly the non-household Household Industry broadly agree with the observa. manufacturing establishments. The establishments tions made earlier regarding the proportion of houses engaged in household industry and small scale manu- used as workshop1cum-residences. factories and work- facturing establishments are covered generally under shops in different districts. By and large the higher the category of workshop-cum-residences discussed ear- proportions of the workshop-cum-residences and fac- Iier. The highest proportion of 28 factories and work- tories are associated with higller prOportions of work· shops per 1000 houses is re::orded in Ongole (Prakasam) ers in household industry and non-household industry district. It is followed by 15 per 1000 houses in respectively. It may be noted. however. that the Guntur district. 13 in East Godavari. Krishna and proportion of workers is also dependent upon the Hyderabad districts. There are less than 10 factories employment size of the industrial establishments and' and workshops per 1000 houses in 14 districts of need not always be related to the number of e,~tablish· the State. The proportion is uniformly higher in all ments. STATEMENT JI.2 PROPORTION OF WORKSHOP-CUM-RESIDENCES, FACTORIES AND WORKSHOPS AND THE PROPORTION OF WORKERS IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY AND NON-HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY Propar- Propar- Propor- Propor- Propor- Propor- Propor- Propor. tion of tion of tion of lionor tion of tionor lion of tion of Workshop workers wor~ho'p workers factories workers factories workers L.C. State{District cum-resi- in HHI cum-reSl, inHHI and work- in non- and work- in non- No. dences p~r p~r 1000 dences per per 1000 shops per HHI per shops per HHlper 1000 oftotal 1000 of total ur- 1000 1000 of 100\. 1000 of houses rural total ban po- houses tota I houses total in rural popula- houses in pulation in rural rural in u.rban urban areas Hon urban areas POPll- areaS popula· areas lation lion '----(6) -. ~---""(2)--.'=_ - (3) (4) (5) (7) (8) (9) (10) ------~----~. ANDHRA PRADESH 18 21 20 17 7 9 20 51 Srikakulam 22 21 24 20 4 3 16 32 2 Visakhapatnam . 13 20 9 8 6 7 16 43 3 East Godavari . 24 18 19 12 12 11 22 55 ---_._----. - .. --- ~~J : Household Industry USIlS TO WHICH CENSUS HOUSES ARE PUT IS STATEI.1I3NT n· 2-,-Concld. PROPORTION OF WORKSHOP-CUM-RESlDENCtS, FACTORIES AND WORKSHOPS AND THE PROPORTION OF WORKERS IN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY AND NON-HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY

Propor­ Propor- propor- Prop or- Propor- Propor- propor­ ProPN­ tion of [ion of don of tion of tion of tion of tion of don of workshop workers workshop workels factories wOlkel S factOlies workers L.C. Statf:'jDis[rict cum-resi­ No. in HHI cum-resi- in HHJ and work- in non- and work­ in non- dences PCI per 1000 dences per per 1000 shops per HHI per shoPS per HHI per 1000 total 1000 of total 1000 1000 of 1000 10(( of houses rural total urban houses total houses total in rural popula- houses in Popu- in rural rural in urban urban , areas tio~ . urban lation areas popu- areas popula- areaS lation tion (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 4 West Godavari 9 10 17 18 7 11 25 54 5 Krishna 7 14 15 14 10 9 26 53 6 Guntur 9 13 23 20 12 14 23 73 7 Ongole(PrakasamJ 11 18 41 38 29 . 13 23 55 8 Nellore 11 13 25 21 4 10 24 49 9 Chilloor 13 13 27 21 4 8 21 35 10 Cuddapah 21 23 41 39 4 7 18 42 Jl Anantapur 13 20 32 28 3 20 43 12 Kurnool 9 19 35 29 4 2 20 54 13 ~ahbubnagar 28 32 49 - 34 4 2 19- 23 14 Hyderabad 19 19 3 6 6 15 18 56 15 Medak 30 24 30 27 6 6 18 42 16 N:Zlmabad 28 40 77 16 10 24 19 61 17 AJilabad 19 18 8 II 6 12 13 65 ·18 Karimnsgar 29 41 29 47 5 18 16 40 19 Warangal . 29 26 12 20 4 13 16 54 20 Khammam II 17 8 7 9 5 13 25 21 Nalgonda 34 28 6 10 3 12 14 26 -----~------~~------.------_._------_.__ .. _ RESTAURANTS, S\VEETMEA.T SHOPS AND EATING PLACES districts only que per 1000 houses is ~se~ as a restau­ 26. There are 37,120 Census houses occupieo by rant or eating place. In the other dlstncis the rural restaurants and eating places in this State out of a total proportion ranges between 2 and 6 per 1000 houses. of 1O,648,E70 houses. 21,060 of them are in the rural The highest urban proportion of 16 per 1000 houses areas and 16,060 in the urban areas. The proportion is recorded in Khammam district. In the other dis­ of Census houses used as restaurants, sweet-meat tricts, the proportion ranges from 6 to 14 per IO!hl shop.) and eating places to the total number of Census houses. Among the cities in the State, Eluru CIty hOIJses in the State is only 4 per 1000 houses-2 per has recorded the highest pr~portion of 15 per 1000 1000 in the rural areas and 9 per 1000 in the urba11 houses. The lowest proportIon of restaurants of 7 :1feas. At the 1961 Census the corresponding propor­ per 1000 houses is recorded in Kurnool and Hydera­ tion3 were 2, 1 and.4 respectively per 1000 houses. bad cities. The proportion of Census houses in this Category ranges from 1 to 6 per 1000 houses in the districts. The PLACES OF ENTERTAINMENT, COMMUNITY GATHER1NG. highest proportion of 6 is recorded in Visakhapatnam, (PANCH<\YAT GHAR ETC.) EXCLUDING PLACES OF East Godavari, Nizamabad districts while the lowest WORSHIP proportion o~ 1. is recorded in Ongole, Cuddapah anu 27. There are 6,710 Census houses usect_ as places Warangal dlstncts. The proportion is uniformly of entertainment and community gathering in this l,ighn in the urban areas of all the districts than the State. 3,930 of them are located in rural areas and corresponding proportion in the rural areas. In the 2.780 in urban areas. They constitute roughly 1 per rural parts of Ongole, Nellore, Cuddapah, Anantapur, 1000 of the total Census houses of the State, 1 per Karimn~l~ar, Waranglal, Khammam and Na1sonda 1000 in the rural areas and 2 per 1000 in the urban 3-1 Census Andh/73 16 CHAPTER II areas. The proportion is negligible in the six districts Kurnool district. Even the rural proportion is as high of Srikakulam, Cuddapah, Mahbubnagar, Adilabad, as 21 per 1000 in the rura} parts of Kurnool district. I.n Karimnagar and Warangal. This is due to the negligible cities the ,highest proportion ~f 13 per 1000 houses 1S number of enter:ainment places in the rural tracts of recorded in Machilipatnam City. these districts. Actuallv in the rural areas of 14 dist­ ricts, the proportion of this category of houses is "OTHERS" CATEGORY OF HOUSES negligible. The proportion of houses under this category is slightly higher in the urban areas obviously due to 29. There are 1,311,340 houses under this category the location of a large number of cinema halls, com­ and of them 1,225,850 are located in the rural areas and munity halls etc., in the urban areas. In respect of 85,490 in the urban areas. This category accounts for several villages, the "Village Chavadi" may be the only 12·3'~; of the total Census houses in the State, 13-9% place of gathering or entertainment. The proportion . in the rural areas and 4'7% in the urban areas, This ranges from almost 'nil' tll 1 per 1000 houses in the category includes houses put to miscellaneous uses like rural parts and from almost 'nil' to 2 in the urban cattle-shed, cattle-pound, garage, godown, laundry, areas. Among cities the highest proportion of 3 per petrol bunk, passenger shelter, etc., and also public 1000 houses is rtcorded in Visakhapatnam and Machili­ health and medical institutions, educational institu­ patnam 'CjUes. In other ,:;ities the proportion varies tions. As such no distinct pattern is noticed in the between 1 and 2 per 1000 houses. distribution of houses in this category either in the rural and urban areas of the distrkt or among cities. PLACllS OF WORSHIP, ETC. The proportion of houses in this category is less in the urban areas than in the rural areas in the State, 28. There are 107,175 Census houses used as as well as in all the districts. The proportion is as ' places of worship (Le. Temples, Churches, Mosques, high as 282 per 1000 houses in the rural areas of Mandirs etc.) in the State out of which 96,325 are in Adilabad district and 88 in the urban areas of Srika­ rural areas and 10,800 in urban areas. Places of worship kulam district which are the highest proportions in constitute 1.0% of the total Census houses in the State. the rural and urban areas of the State. The proportitJn of places of worship to the total number of houses in the rural areas is 1.1 % and is twice the DrSTRIBUTION OF CENSUS HOUSES ACCORDING TO J?IF­ corresponding proportion in the urban areas. The rural FERENT USES IJroportion is considerably higher than the urban propor­ tion in all districts except in Srikakulam district. In 30. The following statement gives a comparative this district the urban proportion of 8 per 1000 houses picture of the distribution of Census houses according is higher than the rural proportion of only 6. The pro­ to different uses to which they are put, for 1960 and portion r!Jnges from 4 in Khammam district to 18 in 1970.

[STATEMENT] USES TO WHICH CENSUS HOUSES ARE PUT 17

o c­ Ol oz ~ o \0 01

'<1"000 - "t

0'100 000100

000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 o.o.q 000. . . 000. . . O"0f'o,0" 0"0.. 0,,, . . . o",qo--...... , ...... --,.., ..... -..... -...... --- -..-<- -'""- ...... -

o o o o o 0 o c- \0 c- \0 r-- \0 r-- 0\ 0\..... 0\.... 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\-

.~

'0 o " .18 CHAPTER II

N'o::t-i_--"O" 00\0 \Oo\_N~"'" r-.OI.O ..... 01.0 MV)\,O N~cc -("'1 -r-~ .....,....., ..... - °r:-- .....0\ Cl Z <

\D °.....0\

"'0>0 0 ..... 1"1 V'l1'1I"1 1'1 ..... 110 _._f.J - N ~-("'l 'I'""'!~_

,...., .....o '-'

0\00"1' '

"-<"0 O:DfIl{/.)._ ::ll!) .§''''r.fJ °Oe;:l Z O-Q 0 oU..<:i

000000 °02200xoO C:0ooo 0oxoo 000 000 000 000 000000 000000 ,~.~ ,~C ~ 000 000 000 000 000000 e;,qq qO.C. qqO. q~O. qO.O. qO.q qe;,q e;,qc;, qqe;, qqq qO.q, O.qO. --~ ..... _""'" --- _,-- --_ ~-- --- ~-- --- ..------......

o o o o o ..... 1.0 1.0 ..... oCJ o o o ell 0\ 1.0 ('- \0 '" 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ '"

... f o o o Q Z tiSBS to WHICH CENsUS-'HOUSES ARE :Put

o t­ O',...,

t- \0 06 \0 ,rd'i N 0 0\ C\ t-- - N ~.....,,,""", C"'4

0001:--0000 MMM MNN

/ o o o o o o o o 10 \0 \0 10 \0 t­ \0 0'. b; C\ O' 01 0- C\ ... '" ..-0 ... • - - 20 CHAPtBR it

Q Z -< o 10 01...... z

010 ...... 000 <"l .... II">

t"-OIOO

000 000 000 000 000 000 c;c:~ c:c:.q o.c:c:. -~- ...... -

o t-- o o 0\ o o o t"- ~ \0 \0 \0 01.... 0\ 0\ 0\.... -0\ usils to WHICH CENSUS HOUSES ARB PUT 21

r-? 01..... o Z Noo N\o <: o \0 .....0\ Z.... ooN 0\\0

....00'1 000 t")oo ....00 ....

Ot-..... 0001 000

\0 ..... NV N<:t Ot") NN \00 0000 0000 r-oo

00 ..... \0 OM 01\0 <'1-.:1"' NO 0000 0000 0000

11'>0 NN \0-.:1" \Or- 0\01 0\0\

0000 0100 ""N 11'>\0 mr/l ;:J 00 00 ""' til VI 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 001 o ';;; O::l ~ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ::x: ..... o.~ 00 00 '0 61:l ~~_ ..... _ qq q~ 00 ~q ~~ 00 ~~ ~O. g ..... ,..., ~I\~ ...... ,..., r/l E-

'0 oj .0 oj S oj N Z 31. It may be seen from the above statement that in the number of retail shops and household industrial generally the proportions of shops and shop-cum-resi­ t'stablishments in tbe rural areas which is a welcome dehces and also of factories, workshops, and work­ feature. shop-cum-residences have increased over the corres­ ponding proportions recorded in 1960. This indicates Among cities i.e. towns having population above that there has been some development in commercial one lakh persons, the proportion of houses used exclu­ and industrial activity in general. The proportion of sively for residential purposes has gone down slighlly business houses, offices, restaurants, sweetmeat shops in 1970 when compared to 1960 in Kakinada, Rajah­ and eating places has also in.~reased. The increase in mundry, Machilipatnam (Ban dar) and Nizamabad :cities. the proportion of the houses used for the above pur­ This loss is compensated by an increase in the propor­ poses is obviously more in the urban areas than in the tions of shop-cum-residences and workshop-cum-resi­ rural areas. It is observed that the proportion of houses dences. A distinct increase in the proportion of work­ used wholly for residential purposes has decreased from shop-cum-residences is noticed in 1970 when com pared 787 in 195:; to 744 per 1000 houses in 1970, while the to 196') Nizamabad city indicating considerable ex­ proportions of houses used for shop-cum-residence or pansion of household industries like beedi making. In workshop-cum-residence have increased even in the other cities there are no significant variations in the 1960 rural areas indicating that there has been an increase and 1970 propDrtions of houses. put to different uses.

ANDHRA ·PRADESH

PERCENTAG(;: DISTRIBUTION OF CENSU~ HOUSES BY TYPES OF WALL MATERIALS IN RI:JRAL A~EA5. 19'1 . • I

StAlE 60UNOAU _._ DI!nICT eOVNOAAY __

IIi.LOfIfTA£! n 0 32 " I I~ 192 ... ! i "! I" ! i I , I, ! I I , ,. l~ 0 n •• .. Ill"'''''' \ I \ s

~ ,

BAY OF BENCAL. '

T"fl'a OF WALL "'ATEfttAU

MUD

UN'U~NT'~

BUINT IAIGAI g II (StaN ...... ,.)

AHDHIIA PIUESH ____, 0. ._

ANDHRA PRADESH

PERCENTAGE OISTRIBUTION CF CENSUS HOUSES BY TYPES OF WALL MATERIALS IN URBAN AREAS, J 971.

m ,,, 1~1 o )1 ~. 16 A s , " , : : 6 i : ~ ,. n '"I i \ !lr'\ < , \>1 is', ,...,. "_. i., ro. oJ"'\.•

< • A Y OF BENCAt.

mp 0' WALL MATERIALS

ANDHItA I'IIAOESH CHAPTER 3 Material of Wall and Roof General Concrete and (ix) ali other mat~rials. The first eight cat~gories cover all the materials usually used fof The house typ~s and the material used for con­ maklng walls of the houses in Andhra Pradesh. The' struction in any region largely depend upon the clima­ cases where either the enumerators did not record the tic conditions of that region, local tradition, the mate­ , material used for the walls in the Houselist or where rials that are available locally and economic conditions the material used could not be classified under any of the people. In Andhra Pradesh distinct patterns i)f one of the above 8 specific categories were included house types can be noticed in the three regions of Coas­ under the category of all other materials. There were tal Andhra, Rayalaseema and Telangana. Within the only 8,22C such cases in the State, 7,470 being in the regions also variations in types of hous.es are found to rural areas and 750 in tee urb\!n areas and they ac­ some extent. The different house types found in the count for 0.08 ':6 only of the total Census house,s. State have been described in great detail with illustra­ tions, in Chapter V of the Housing Report of Andhra Proportion Gf houses with dilierent wall material in the Pradesh published at the 1961 Census, which may be State referred to. 5. In Andhra Pradesh, mud is the most important wall material. The wall materials next in importance E~planation 0'£-- data given in Table H-II are burnt bricks, stone, grass, leaves, reeds or bamboo, 2. At the Houselisting Operations conducted in wood, un burnt bricks, cement concrete and corrugated iron or· other metal sheets. Out of the total number Fe~ruary, 1970 the particulars about the material with which the walls and roof of each of the Census houses of 10,648,870 Census houses in the State 5,278,430 were constructed were recorded in columns 4 and 5 of houses have walls made of mud constituting 49.6% of the Houselist. Table H-Il which gives the number of the total houses. There are 2,024,155 houses with Census houses with different types of wall material and walls made of burnt bricks and 2,011,945 houses with roof material was based on these data. Also an appen­ walls made of stone in the State accounting for 19.0% dix showing the number of houses with different types and 18.9% respectively of the tOlal houses. The num­ of wall material cross-classified by different types of ber of houses with walls made of grass, leaves, reeds or bamboo is 966,815 or 9.10% of the total Census roaf material was prepared. houses. Houses having wood as wall material number 3. Similar data were presented at the 1961 Census 194,680 or 1.8 'J,', while those with unburrit bricks in Table E·IV. But at the 1961 Census the data were 133,300 or 1.2 % of the total houseS. 24,115 houses tabulated on a 20% sample basis for households living have wails made of cement concrete and account for in Census houses used wholly or partly as dwellings 0.2 % of the (otal number of houses, There are 7,210 while at the 1971 Census the data are tabulated for a houses with C.l. or other metal sheets as material of 20% sample of all Census houses and estimates prepar­ wall which constitute only 0.07% of the total houses. ed for the total. Yet comparability of the data tabulat­ The remaining 8,220 houses or 0.08% of the total ed in 1961 and 1971 is valid to a large extent because houses have other types of wall material. The maps residential Census houses form about 80% of the total given in between pages 22 and 23 illustrate the Census houses. percentage distribution of census Houses by Types of walls material in Rural and Urban areas of various WALL MATERIAL districls in tee State. . 4. The Enumerator was required to record in co· 6. Mud-walled houses form the highest proportion lumn 4 of the Houselist, the material out of which mojof in all the districts of the State except in the districts of portion of the walls of the house were constructed East Godavari, Cuddapah, Kurnool, Anantapur, Hyd'cr. such as grass, leaves, reeds, bamboo, unburnt bricks, sbad and Adilabad. East Godavari and Hyderabad mud, burnt bricks, stone, cement, concrete, timber, etc. districts have a larger proportion of brkk-walled houses H a house consisted of separate structures each having while Cudda[J1h, Kurnool anc! Anantapur districts where walls made of different materials, then the enumerators stl)ne is available in plenty have a larger proportion of were instructed to record the material out of which the stone-walled houses. [n Adjlabad district houses with walls of the main portion of the house mostly used for grass, leaves, reed or bamboo as wall material form living or sleeping were made as the material of wall the highest proportion in view of the large area under of that _Census house, The data on wall material so forests in this district. The materials used for construc­ collected were classified under nine different types, viz., tion of the houses are closely related to the economic (i) Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, (ii) Mud, (iii) Un­ canditilms of the people. The majority of the people burnt bricks, (iv) Wooci. (v) Burnt bricks, (vi) C. I. ,wro manage tOo maint:.lin jthemselves at the bare Sheets or other metal Sheets, (vii) Stone, (viii) Cement subsi,tcnce level, obviously cannot afford to invest 23 CHAPtER Hi substantially on the construction of houses. A 1ar¥e sec­ Proportion of Houses with Mud WaDs tion of the rural population who are poorer still .can 9. Rural areas: Out of 8,833,600 houses in the only think of materials they could secure free or at a rural parts of the State 4,759,500 houses, forming 53.~% nominal cost and depend on their own labour for erect­ af total rural houses have mud walls. The proportlOn ing their houses. The choice, therefore, falls on "earth" of mud-wan~d houses in the rural areas of the State which is dug out from their own fields or grass, reeds has decreased from 64-7% in 1960 to 53-9% in 1970. or bamboo which they can gather from the nearby forest The proportion of mud-walled hauses ra~ges from lands. Thus over 60% of the rural houses have mud 86·1 % in Nalgonda district to only 8'5% m K~rnool walls or walls made O'f grass, leaves, reeds or bambO'o distri,ct. The proportion of mud-walled houses 10 the indicating the economic backwardness of the people !n rural areas of Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, Chittoor, the State. Karimnagar, Warangal and Nalgonda distri.cts is more than 70% while the proportion is between 50% and 70% The proportion of houses with m~d walls dec!,eased in the rural areas of Krishna, Nellore, Mahbubnagar, from about 61 % in 1960 to' 49'6% ill 1970, while the Hyderabad, Medak and Nizamabad districts while proportions of hauses with walls made of bricks and Anantapur and Adilabad districts have a low pr~por­ stone have increased from 14.4% and 17.0% respec­ lion of 20·2% and 30'4% of such houses respectively. tively in 1960 to 20·2% and 18'9% respectively in 1970. The proportions of houses with walls made of grass, 10. Urban areas: Of the 1,815,270 houses in the leaves. bamboO', etc., and, wood have alsO' increased urban areas af the State 518,930 houses have mud walls, from 7-6% and 0·2% in 1960 to' 9·1 % and 1'8% res­ forming 28.6% of the total urban houses. The propor­ pectively in 1970. These figures indicate that a slightly larger number of people were having houses with walls tion of mud-walled houses in the urban areas has de­ made of relatively more durable material in 1970 com­ creased from 39'8% in 1960 to 28'6% in 1970. Among pared to the position in 1960 due to some improvement the diSiricts the proportion ranges from 50.2% in Med~k district to 11'8 % in Kurnool district. . The ur­ in the economic conditions of the people during the de­ ban areas of Srikakulam, Nellore and Karimnagar have cade. more than 40% of· mud-walled houses. The proportion of such houses in Visakhapatnam, East Go~av~ri, 7. In the rural areas, mud is the predominant wall ehittoor. Nizamabad. Khammam and Nalgonda dlstncts material and houses with mud walls canstitute 53-9~;, ranges between 30%. and 40%. The praportio~ of. mu~­ of the total rural houses. The next important wall mate­ walled houses in the urban areas of other dIstncts IS rials in rUfal areas III order are (i) stone, (ii) bricks and less than 30%. (iii) grass, leaves, reeds or bambaos and houses with walls made of these materials form 20·0%, 14'4% and Proportion of bOuses with brick walls 9'5 % respectively of the total houses. The proportion of houses with other wall materials is negligible. 11. Rural areas: In the rural areas there are 1,154,535 houses having burnt bricks for wall material 8. [n the urban areas, houses with brick walls form and 115,425 houses with un burnt bricks as wall mate­ the highest proportion of 48·9 % of the total houses. nal. The use of unburnt bricks for wall material is by Mud-walled hauses take the second place with a propor­ far, very limited compared to' the use of burnt bri~ks. Houses with brick walls (both burnt and unburnt brIcks tion of 28.6% and stone-walled houses take the third put together) constitute 14.4 ~:) of the total rural houses. plac( with 13-6% of the total urban hauses. Houses fhey constitute the highest proportion of 41'8% in East with grass, leaves, reeds pr bamboo occupy the fourth Godavari district and the lowest proportion of 0'4% place with a proportion of 6'8%. Houses having wood in Kurnool district. The proportion of brick -walled as wall material account for 1·3 % while houses with houses in the rural areas of the State has increased from ] 0·0 '!';, in 1960 to 14'4 % in 1970. The proportion cement concrete as wall material account for a small is above 15');, in the districts of Srikakulam, West proportian of 0·5 %, Houses with c.1. sheets or other Godavari Krishna, Guntnr, Nellore, Chittoor and metal sheets account fOr OJ % of the total urban hOuSe; Nizamab~d. In the rural areas of the other districts while the proportion of houses with other wall material the proportion of houses with brick walls is below is nealigible. 15%. 12. Urban areas: There are 869,620 hIDuses in the , Mud is the most predominant wall material in 15 urban areas with burnt bricks as wall material and districts of the State. In the tl:r~e dislrk:ts of Cuddapah, 17,875 houses with unburnt bricks and both of thero Anantapur and Kurnool stoDe co,1stitutes the most im­ put together form 48'9% of the total houses in the portant wall material while it comes second in impor­ urban areas. The proportion of brick-walled houses increased from 38'3% in 1960 to' 48'9% in 1970. The tance next to "mud" in Guntur, Ongole (Prakasam) and proportion ().f such houses ranges from 72'7% in Hy­ Nellore districts. Brick is the most predominant wall derabad district to 3-1 % in Kurnool district. The pro­ material in the distri.cts of East Godavari and Hyder:1- portion of brick-walled houses is more than 50% in the bad. Houses with brick walls constitute a sizable pro­ urban areas of Eu st Godavari.. West Godavari, Nellore, portion in the urban areas of most of the districts cf Chiltoor, Hyderabad, Nizamabad: Waranga1 and Khammam districts. It is almost equal to 50% in the State. In Adilabad district grass. kaves, reeds and Karimnagar district. The proportion lies between 40% bamboo are the important wall materials. and 50~'o in the districts of Srikakulam, Krishna, MATBR(AL OF WALL AND ROOF

Guntur, Anantapur, Adilabad and Nalgonda and bet­ vari district with 17-9%, Krishna with 15'7%. Guntur ween 30% and 40% in Visakhapatnam, Ongole (Pra­ with 12'0% and Nizamabad district with 10'6% come kasam), Mahbubnagar and Medak districts. In the next in order. All the other districts have less than urban areas of Cuddapah district the proportion of IO/i) of such houses. The lowest proportion of 0'3% houses with brick walls is only 24.3% of the total of houses with walls made of grass, leaves. bamboo, urban houses in the district. etc., i; recorded in Cuddapah district.

Proportion of houses with Stone Walls 18. Urban areas: In the urban areas. 123,175 houses have grass. leaves, reeds or bamboo as wall 13. Stone is the next important wall material in the material forming 6·8 % of the total urban houses. The State. proportion has slightly decreased from 6'9% in 1960 to 6.8';0 in 1970. The highest proportion of 21.2% of such 14. Rural areas: There are 1,765,020 houses with houses is recorded in Adilabad district followed by stone walls in the rural areas of the State forming 20.0% 16'9~:, in Kumool district and 15'6% in West Goda­ of the total rural houses. The proportion of houses vari and Guntur districts. Krishna district has 12'5 % with stone walls has increased from 17,2% in 1960 o·f such houses. In alLthe other districts the proportion 10 20'0% in 1970. Among the districts the proportion is less than 10·0 %. range:; from 81·0 % in Kurnool district to only 0·6 % in East Godavari district. The proportion of stone­ walled houses is generally very high in the three Rayala­ Proportion of hOUJses with Wood as waH material seema districts of Kurnool, Anantapur and Cuddapah 19. Wood is the next important wall material in and high to some extent in the districts of Guntur. the State and hOuses with wood as wall material con· Ongole (Prakasam), Mahbubnagar, Hyderabad and stitute 1'8'Yc, of the total houses. Such houses are· Medak. In the coastal districts of Srikakulam, Visakha­ more in the rural area-s than in the urban areas. patnam, East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna and also in the districts of Chittoor. Nizamabad, Adil­ abad. Karimnagar, Warangal, Khammam and Nal­ 20. Rural areas: There are 171.680 houses with gonda the proportion of such houses is very low. wood as wall material forming 1·9 % of the total rural houses. The proportion has increased from 0·2 % in IS. Urban areas: There are 246,925 stone-walled 1960 to 1·9 % in 1970. The highest proportion of houses in the urban areas of the State constituting 11'0':{, of such houses is recorded in Adilabad district. 13-6% of the total urban houses in 1970 as against In all the other distri,cts the proportion of these houses the corresponding proportion of 14'3% in 1960. Thus is low. The lowest proportion of 0'1 % is recorded 1here has been a slight decline in the proportion of in Kumool district. house& with walls .made of stone in 1970 compared to 1960. The highest proportion of 66·3 % of houses with I 21. Urban areas: There are 23,000 houses with stOilli walls is recorded also in the urban areas of Kur­ walls made of wood in the urban areas of the State nool distrkt followed by Cuddapah district with 46'5% forming l' 3 % of the total urban houses. The propor­ and Mahbubnagar district with 35-4% and Anantapur tion has increased from 0·1 % in 1960 to 1· 3% in district with 34·5 %. In the urban areas of the other 1970. The highest proportion of 12·5 % is recorded districts the proportion of houses with stone walls is in Srikakulam district and the lowest proportion of small. The proportion is less than 5% in Srikakulam, 0-4% in Mahbubnagar district. East Godavari, West Godavari, Nellore, Chittoor. Hy­ derabad, Karimnagar and less than 1% in Nizamabad, Adilabad, Warangal and Khammam distrids. The Proportion of house5 with C.I. Sheets or other metal lowest proportion of 0.5 % is recorded in Warangal sheets district. 22. Corrugated Iron Sheets or other metal sheets Proportion of houses with walls made of Grass, Leaves, are used only to a small extent as wall material in the Reeds or Bamboo State. Their number is larger in the urban areas than in the rural areas. 16. Houses with grass, leaves, reeds and bamboo as wall material take the fourth place in the State. 23. Rural areas: There are 2,085 houses with C.I. Thb proportlOn naturally is more in the rural areas Sheets or other metal sheets as wall material forming a than in the urban areas. negligible proportion of the total rural houses. In all the districts their proportion is negligible. 17. Rural areas .. 843,640 houses in the rural areas of the State have grass, leaves, reeds or bamboo as 24. Urban areas: There are 5.125 houses in the ur­ wall material forming 9'5% of the total rural houses. ban areas with c.1. Sheets or other metal sheets form­ The proportion of such houses increased from 7-8% ing 0'3'X, of the total urban houses. This proportion in 1960 to 9.5% in 1970. Among the districts Adil­ which was almost 'nil' in 1960 increased to 0.3% in abad district has recorded the highest proportion of 1970. The highest proportion of 0'8% is recorded in 43'0%, followed by Khammam district with 37·9%. Kurnool district. Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam dis­ The districts of West Godavari with 18.6%, East Goda- tricts have O.5',i~ and 0.6% of such houses respectively. Proportion of houses with Cement Concrete as wall STATEMENT IlI.1-C6ncld. material Production per 25. There are only 24,115 houses in this State with ['000 of the total houses cement concrete as wall material forming 0.2 % of the ,------"------, total houses. Material of the Wall Rural Urban ,-_...... _-, ,_...... _----.., 26. Rural areas: There are 14,245 houses in the 1970 1960 1970 1960 rural areas with cement concrete as wall material form­ ----- ~~----- (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) ing 0·2 % of the total rural houses. The proportion has increased from 0'1% in 1960 to 0'2% in 1970. 5 Wood 19 2 13 Among the districts, Ongo1e (Prakasam) has recorded the highest proportion of 4'1 % of such houses. The 6 C. I. Sheets ot other metal sheets N N 3 N propcrtion is 0.2% or 0.3% in East Godavari, West Godavlri, Krishna and Guntur districts and very negli. 7 Stone 200 172 136 143 gible in the other districts. 8 Cement concrete 2 5 5 27. Urban areas: There are 9,870 su.:h houses in 9 All olher material. N N the urban areas forming 0-5 % of the total urban houses -----_-- in the State. The proportion of such houses was the N : Negligible. same .also in 1970. The highest proportion of 2.0% has been fC.80rded in Krishna district. In the rest of 33. It may be seen from the above statement that the districts the proportion is very low. houses having walls made of mud form the highest pro­ portion in the rural areas of the State both in 1960 and Proportion of houses with walls made _of aU other 1970. However, there has been a decrease in the prO. materiaJs portion of such houses in 1970 compared to 1960. Stone­ walled houses come next in order followed by houses 28. Houses with all other materials number 8,220 with brick walls and houses with walls made of grasS, and form 0·1 % of the total hOuses in the State. Most of leaves, reeds, bamboo etc. While the proportion of these houses are found in the rural areas of the State. mud-walled houses has decreased from 64.7% in 1960 29. Rural areas: There are 7,470 houses with walls to 53.9% in 1970, the proportions of stone-walled and made of other wall materials forming 0,] % of the total brick-walled houses have increased from 17.2 ')~ to rural houses. Their proportion is negligible in all the 20'0% and from 10'0% to 14'4% respectively during districts except III Adilabad, Khammam and Karim­ this period. The proportion of houses with wood as nagar districts where they account for 0-4%, 0'4% and wall material also increased from 0'2%,in 1960 to 0'3% of the total houses in the respective districts. 1'9% in 1970. 30. Urban areas: There are only 750 of such 34. In the urban areas of the State the proportion hous~s in the urban areas forming a very negligible of houses with brick walls (nearly 48 % of the total proportion. The proportion is negligible in the urban houses) occupy the first place and mud-walled houses areas of all the districts. and stone-walled houses come next in order with 28.6% and 116% respectively. In the urban areas also the 31. Generally mud-walled houses are predominant proportion of houses with mud walls has decreased with in the rural areas of the State and account for about il corresponding increase in the proportion of houses 54% of the total rural houses while in the urban areas with brick walls. Thus the urban areas which are brick-walled houses constitute 48.9'X,. generally more prosperous economically than the rural areas have a larger proprlicn of about 65 % of houses 32. The following statement shows the proportion with pucca walls compared to only 37';6 of such hOUSGS of houses with different wall materials in the rural and in the rural areas. The increase in the proportion of urban areas of the State in 1970 and 1960. houses with pucca walls during the decade 1960-70 is STATEMENT m·1 more conspicuous in the urban areas than in the rural areas. Proportion rer 35. In the rural areas due to large scale economic 1,000 of (be (ota houses backwardness the choice of th.e wall material is very -~---~------Material of the Wall Rural Urban restricted and is still dependent largely on local avail· ,--_...... _-, ,---"---, ability of materials. But in the urban areas, however, 197-:) 1960 1970 1960 and specially in the larger towns and cities due to better economic conditions the constructions are greatly (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) influenced by modern design and technique. People . are going in for more fashionable types of houses in I Grass, Leaves, Reeds cities like Visakhapatnam, Hyderabad, Vijayawada, Bamboo etc. 95 78 68 . 69 and Gunl\lr using more durable wall material. 2 Mud 539 647 286 398 The following statement shows the distribution of 3 Unburnl bricks 13 ") 10 ") 100 383 1,000 hOLises by predominant wall material in each of 4 Burnt Bricks 131 f 479 J the districts for Total, Rural and Urban areas. MATERIAL OF WALL AND ROOF 27

STATEMENT m.2

DlSfR[BUTIOt-l OF ]'000 HOUSES BY PREDOMI.NANT WALL MATERIAL TN EACH OF THE DISTRiCTS FOR TOTAL. RURAL AND URBAN AREAS

-< ------,~-- • .-__ .------PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF WALL State! T Total ,.------,,)...------~ District R No. of Grass, Mucl Unburnt Wood Burnt C.l. Sheets Stone Cement All other U Census leaves, bricks bricks or other concrete materials Houses reeds, metal or sheets bamboo

( 1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) ( 9) (10) ( 11) (12) ------ANDHltA PRADESH T 1,000 91 496 12 18 190 1 189 2 1 R 1,000 95 539 13 19 131 N 200 2 1 U 1,000 68 236 10 13 479 3 136 5 N

Srikakulam T 1,000 21 711 13 16 222 1 15 1 N R 1,000 23 737 14 15 197 N 13 1 N U 1,000 8 496 4 25 428 5 32 2 N Visakhapatnam T 1,000 31 720 2 27 157 I 59 3 N R 1,000 33 797 3 29 111 N 26 I N U 1,000 21 394 I 18 353 6 196 11 N East Godavari. T 1,000 161 346 ,t7 36 400 N 7 3 N R 1,000 179 355 55 40 3.63 N 6 2 N U 1,000 77 303 12 17 572 N II 7 1

Weit Godavari T 1,000 181 415 112 29 240 N 20 3 N R 1,000 186 444 117 30 197 N 23 3 N U 1,000 156 263 90 24 453 1 11 1 [

Krishna T 1,000 150 491 3 30 232 1 86 7 N R 1,000 157 557 4 35 175 N 69 3 N U 1,000 125 261 2 13 431 1 147 20 N

Guntur T 1,000 128 353 1 15 234 I 262 4 2 R 1,000 120 384 N 15 18+ N 292 3 2 U 1,000 156 251 2 13 401 4 166 6 1

Ongole (Prakasam) . T 1,000 66 408 N 3 143 N 373 7 N R 1,000 63 424 N 3 124 N 379 7 N U 1,000 95 267 1 9 313 1 312 2 N

Nellore T 1,000 26 502 I 9 209 1 250 2 N R 1,000 23 518 I 8 156 N 287 2 N U 1,000 14 414 5 11 512 4 39 1

Chittoor T 1,000 4 698 I 6 234 N 55 I R 1,000 4 750 I 6 178 N 60 N 1 U 1,000 5 337 4 6 621 1 18 8 N Cuddapah T 1,000 3 379 I 2 65 N 547 2 R 1,000 3 396 1 1 39 N 558 1 U 1,000 8 266 2 7 243 2 465 '6 Anantapur T 1,000 31 187 29 5 120 625 1 1 R 1,000 19 202 27 2 63 68!\ 1 1, U 1,000 88 115 38 18 392 3 345 1 N Kurnool T 1,000 111 91 2 3 7 2 783 I N R 1,000 98 85 1 2 3 N 810 1 l'l U 1,000 169 118 6 8 25 8 663 3 N

Mahbubnllgar . T 1,000 35 533 2 3 49 N 377 1 N R 1,000 37 561 -2 2 19 N 379 N N U 1,000 22 236 7 4 371 4 35'l 2 Hyderabad T 1,000 19 349 7 469 1 149 4 N R 1,000 40 562 N 11 53 N 333 1 U 1,000 6 219 3 fi 724 2 35 5 N

Medak T 1,000 44 649 N 7 43 1 256 N N R 1,000 'ti 662 N 7 16 :N 267 1 N tJ 1,000 13 502 1 4 3-~G ·1 12,l - 1 l'{ 28 CHAPTER III

STATE~IExr HI, 2-Concld.

mSTRlBUnON OF LOCO HOUSES BY PREDOMINANT WALL MATERIAL IN EACH OF THS DISTRICTS FOR TOTAL, RURAL AND URBAN AREAS

PREDOMrNANT MATER[AL OF WALL T To',al r- -'~'--~- --- _,, ___ ,, __ ,_,_~ __,, __ ,A_,_,, __,_,, __ ,______, State/Di,trict R No. of Gra~s, Mud Unburnt 'Wooel Btfnt G.l. Sheets Stone Cement All other U Ce:1lUs leave;, bricks bricks or other concrete materials Houses reeds metal or sheets bamboo

( I) (2) (3) (4) (j) (Ii) (i) (0) (q) (10) (II) (12) ---- Nizamabad T 1,000 101 557 13 33 223 1 69 2 R 1,000 106 594 14 36 163 N 80 1 U . 1,000 72 350 9 21 532 4 8 3 Adilabad T 1,000 400 307 1 98 160 1 29 I 3 R 1,00') 430 304 1 110 117 N 33 ' 1 4 U 1,000 212 320 I 22 4~9 4 7 g 2 Karirnnagar T 1,000 64 736 N 12 147 N 37 1 3 R 1,000 67 766 '\ 13 114 N 37 ' N 3 U 1,000 38 418 1 7 497 I ~35 2 I Warangal T 1,000 88 678 2 20 159 N 52 N R 1,000 98 725 I 22 96 N 57 N U 1,000 14 291 12 7 669 I 5 N

KhanlInam T 1,000 339 479 1 28 135 1 12 4 R 1,000 379 499 I 29 74 N 13 4- U 1,000 73 342 7 21 545 3 8 N Na1gonda T 1,000 11 828 N 3 61 N 96 N R 1,000 12 861 N 3 34 N 89 N U 1,000 7 397 N 7 406 2 180 N - _'--,,'---_ N :Neg1igible; .,: Nil 36. It is seen from the above statement that the ranging from 36.3% in East Godavari to 16.8% in rural areas of Nalgonda, Visakhapatnam, Karimnagar, Nizamabad in the order of the districts mentioned. Chittoor, Srikakulam and Warangal districts have a Evidently the loamy clay in the delta area of these very high proportion of houses with mud walls, t~e districts is very suitable for brick making and hence proportions ranging from 86% in Nalgonda to 73% III the high proportion of houses with brick walls in these Warangal in the order of the districts mentioned. The districts. While the proportion of such houses temain­ rural areas of these districts recorded a higher propor­ ed stationary at 36% in East Godavari district both tion of houses with mud walls also in 1960, the propor­ in ]960 and 1970 there has been a considerable de­ tions ranging from 92.0% in Nalgonda to 81 % in S~i­ crease from 28 %in ] 960 to 20% in 1970 in West Goda­ kakulam district. In the rural areas of the other dIS­ vari district. There has been a slight increase tn the tricts of the State, Kumool, Anantapur, Cuddapah, proportion in 1970 in other districts mentioned. The Mahbubnagar, Ongole (Prakasam) and Hyderabad dis.­ rural areas of Chittoor district which had about 12 % tricts have a high proportion of houses with stone walls, of houses with brick walls in 1960 recorded an increase the proportions ranging from 81 % in Kurnool to 33% in the proportion of such houses, the figures going up in Hyderabad district evidently due to the availability to nearly 18 % in 1970. The rural areas of Adilabad in plenty of building stone in these districts. The pro­ and Khammam districts have very high proportions of portion of such houses increased from 70% in 1960 to 43 % and 38% respectively of houses with walls made 81 % in 1970 in KUfOpol district while it remained sta­ of grass, leaves, bamboo etc., obviously due to the ex­ tionary in Anantapur district. In Cuddapah and Mah­ tensive forest areas in these two districts. There has bubnagar districts there has been a significant increase been a slight decline in the proportion of such houses in the proportion of houses with stone walls in 1970 in Adilabad district in 1970 compared to 1960 while in compared to the position in 1960 while in the case of Khammam district there has been a small increase. Hyderabad there has been a slight increase. The rural Though forest areas exist in the Agency tracts of Visa­ areas of Guntur, Nellore and Medak districts have. khapatnam, Srikakulam, East Godavari, West Godavari mor.e than 25 % of houses with stone walls, There has districts and in parts of Warangal district, the propor­ been a small increaSe in the proportion of such houses tion of houses with walls made of grass, leaves. etc., in these three districts in 1970 compared to 1960. The is not high in these districts. However, in view of the proportion of houses with brick walls is high in the extensive area under paddy cultivation or coconut gar.­ rural areas of East Godavari, Srikakulam, West Goda­ dens the proportion of such houses in East Godavari, vari, Guntur, Krishna and Nizamabad. the proportions West Godavari, Krishna, Guntur and Nizamabag MATERIAL OF WALL AND ROOF 29 districts ranges belween II'i:, and 19':(,. A similar Medak. Srikakulam. Karimnagar, Khammam, Nellore situation exi;ted in 1960 also. It is evident, therdore. and Nizamabad which recorded a proportion of more that the choice of the wall material is largely dependent than 50 (X, of such houses in 1960. The proportions of still on availability of local material in the rmal areas mud-Wi! lied houses in the urban areas of these districts of these districts. in 1960 ranged from 72% in Medak to 52~~ in Nellore and Nizamabad districts. However, the proportion is 37. In the urban areas, as stated earlier, h0\1ses very close to 50'.::, in J 970 in the urban areas of Srika­ with brick walls constitute the highest proportion of kulam district while it is less in the urban areas of the 49% of the total urban houses in the State. The corre~­ other districts mentioned. The proportion is quite lew ponding proportion in 1960 was 38%. It is heartening in the urban areas of Anantapur, Kurnool and Hyd-;;r­ to note that at least in the urban areas of the State, abad districts because of the preponderance of houses houses with brick walls occupy the first place in 1970 with stone walls ill the former two districts and of relegating houses with mud wall:; which c1aim(~d tbe brick--wall:::d houses in Hyderabad district first place in 1960, to the second place in 1970. How­ ever, house& with mud walls form 29% in 1970 of the 40. Houses with stone walls form the next impor­ total urban houses as against 40'::, in 1960. tant category of houses in the urban areas of the State. 38 The proportion of houses with brick walls is The proportion of such houses has decreased slightly very high in the urban areas of Hyderabad, Warangal, from 14.3% in 1960 to 13.6% in 1970. The proportion Chittoor, East Godavari and West Godavari districts, of these houses is very high in the urban areas of Kur­ the proportion ranging from' 72 % in Hyderabad to nooL CUddapah, Mahbubnagar and Anantapur dis­ 54% in West Godavari district. There has been an tricts, the proportions ranging from 66.3% in Kurnool increase of 10% or more in the proportion of brick· walled houses in each of these five districts in 1970 com­ to 35.4% in Mahbubnagar district Ongole (Praka­ pared to 1960: The urban areas of Khammam, Nel­ sam) district also has a high proportion of 31 % of such lore, Karimnagar, Nizamabad recorded a proportion houses. There has been an increase of about 10% of 50% to 55% of houses with brick walls. In all in the proportion in Kurnool district while there has these districts there has been an increase in the pro­ portion of such houses in 1970 compared to 1960, the been a decline in the other districts mentioned above. increase being about 14% in Khammam district and The proportion of stone-walled houses is less than 1% more than 40 % in the other 3 districts. The proportion in the urban areas of Nizamabad, Adilabad, Warangal of hrkk-walled houses is between 40% and 45% in and Khammam districts. The urban areas of these the urban areas of Srikakulam, Krishna, Guntur and 4 districts recorded a proportion of less than 1% in Adilahad districts. The proportion was more or less the same in Srikakulam district in 1960 while in the 1960 also. Thus even in the urban areas the choice other three districts the proportions haVe increased by of tlie wall material seems to be dependent to a large more than 30%. extent on the availability of local material. 39. Medak is the only district in the State having 41. The following statement shows the proportion slightly more than 50% of the houses with mud walls of houses with different wall materials in each city in the urban areas in 1970, as against six districts viz., of the State, for 1960 and 1970. -

STATEMENT UI.3 PROPORTION (PER \'OGO OF TOTAL HOUSES) OF HOUSES W[TH WALLS MADE OF mFFERENT MATERIALS

Grass, C.T. leaves, Mud Bricks ",ood sheets Stone Cement All other City reeds or other concrete materials or bamboo metal sheets

(1 ) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

Visaklnpatnam 1960 32 488 226 ., 2 245 6 1970 29 404 215 18 4 310 20 Kaklnada 1960 65 3115 557 0 3 10 1970 65 299 625 6 2 3 R1Jahmundry 1960 108 276 586 1 .. 13 13 3 1970 54 258 648 18 1 4 17 Eluru 1960 41 483 441 1 22 10 2 1970 49 342 550 27 28 2 I f\1achllipatnam (Bandar) 1960 113 321 454 4 93 15 1970 14 ,. 6 , 126 Z22 6~7 30 CHAPTER III

STATEMENT nr. 3-Collcld. PROpORTION iPeR 1,000 OF TOTAL HOUSESj OF HOUSeS WITH WALLS MADE OF DlFFbRENT MATERIALS

~~- _._-_._------~-- .. ---. ,_ .. _._---_-_._- -~ -----.------Grass, C.!. City leaves, Mud Bricks Wood sheets Stone Cement All other reeds or other concrete materials or metal bamboo , sheets

--~------.--~--~ -----~-----~-. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

Vijayawada 1960 127 277 131 N 1 447 17 N 1970 118 172 448 9 2 218 33 N Guntur 1960 53 453 430 N N .62 2 1970 138 262 529 12 7 45 6 1 Nellore 1960 4 473 442 N 81 0 1970 13 363 612 7 2 3 0 Kurnool 1960 124 60 147 .. 669 N 1970 102 27 3 2 2 861 3 Hyderabad (M.C.) 1960 5 296 672 1 1 22 2 1 1970 5 214 754 6 2 14 5 N Nizamabad 1960 68 431 496 .. 1 2 2 1970 54 272 642 24 3 1 4 N."

Waraugal . 1960 6 442 548 N 4 1970 13 284 690 7 I 5 N

N ; N'sligible. M. C. : Municipal Corporation.

42. It is observed from the above statement that mud walls.. As stated earlier the proportion of houses houses with brick walls constitute the majority of the with mud walls was high (49%) in Visakhapatnam city houses in all the cities of the State except in Visakha· even in 1960. In .the other cities of the State, the pro­ patnam City which has a predominance of houses with portion of such houses ranges from 6% in Kuroool mud walls and Kuroool city which has as many as city to 48% in Eluru city in 1960. There is a decline 86 % of the houses with stone wal~s.. The p~ition in in the proportion of houses with mud walls in 1970 these two cities was more or less Similar even m 1960. compared to the position in 1960 in all the cities. The While the proportion of houses with mu~ walls in J.Jwest proportion of 3% is recorded in Kurnool city. Visakhapatnam city decreased from 49% III 1960 to In the other cities the proportion of houses with mud 40% in 1970, the proportion of houses with stone walls walls ranges between 17% in Yijayawada and 36% in in Kurnnol city increased considerably from (j7~;. in Nellore city. 196D to 86% in 1970. In Eluru, GU:ltUf and Nellore cities there was a preponderance of houses with mud 44. The proportion of houses with stone walls is walls in 1960, the proportion of such houses ranging the highest in Kurnool city as already stated. The between 45 % and 48 %. But in 1970 in all these thr~e proportion of stlch houses is significant only in two cities, houses with brick walls occupy the first place, otber 'cities viz., Yisakhapatnam and Vijayawada. A . the proportion of such houses having increased from similar situation existed even in 1960. 43% or 44% in 1960 to 53% or more in 1970. Actually Nellor:e city recorded a proportio~ of 61 % of ~0uses Houses with walls made of grass, leaves and bam· with brick wa!ls in 1970. The highest proportion of boo etc. constitute a proportion of more than 10% houses with brick walls, both in 1960 and 1970, is ob· only in Kurooo]' Guntur, Vijayawada and Machilipat. served in Hyderabad city. the proportions being 67 (!;, nam cities in 1970. In 1960, all these places except and 75 ~'{l respectively. The lowest proportion of hou.s:s Guntur city and also Rajahmundry city recorded a with brick walls is noticed in Kurnool city which ha.' proportion of more than 10% of such houses. Consi­ a preponderance of houses with stone walls. Houses dering together the two categories of houses with mud with stone walls. forming 45% of the total houses. oc· walls and walls made of grass; leaves, or bamboo, it is elloied the first place ln~ Yijayawada city in 1960. Hut observed that VisakhapMnam, Eluru, Guntur and in '1970 houses with brick walls with almost the ~ame ~ Nizamabad cities have about 50% of the total houses proportion occupied the first place in this city. in each city in this combined category. In all tbe other cities except Hyderabad, Rajahmundry and Kurnoo] 43. HOllses with mud walls form the next imp-0f­ the proportion of such houses lies between 40% and tant category in almost all the cities. Visakhapatnam 48 ~:,. Thus in almost all the cities the proportion of city has the highest proportion of 40% of houses with houses with Kachcha wall material is fairly hiSh,

,, ANDHRA PRAD ESH

PERCENTAGE 01STRI8UTIOilf OF CENSUS HOUSES BY TYPES OF ROOF' MATERIALS IN RURAL AREAS, \ \ 1971. \

A t ~~ '. i:, ... i 'i' I / i~ "

, " \ ..,

BAY OF BENOAI.

/ I /

•IIIIIIII ~ ~ SIIlNi

ANDlfRA PRAOf~U ANDHRA PRADESH

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF CENSUS HOUSES BY TYPES OF ROOF MATERIALS IN URBAN AREAS, '971.

s to .'

SAY OF

T,m. HATE It'lNC.E

• C::O~~\J(;I.iC::> IkOt~. "',,' O~ OT~ ~ I" H~ 5i! 1!~

• .SlrirCS ceo.er.TlfIKTJ MATERIAL OF WAtL AND ROOF 31

ROOF MATERIAL of roof constitute 89% of the total houses in the State -93 % in the rural areas and 68 % in the urban areas. 45. The roof material used for the house construe· Houses with concrete roofing constituting only 4% of tions in a region also largely depends upon the clima~c the total houses form the next imponant category. conditions, local tradition and materials locally avml· Houses with roofs made of (i) stone, (ii) C.I., Zinc or able besides the economic conditions of the people. other metal sheets and (iii) brick and lime form about Hence there are regional variations in the types of 2 % each of the total houses while asbestos cement houses which haVe been described in detail in the sheets are used as roof materials for less than 1% of Housing Report of the 1961 Census. the houses. The maps given in between pages 30 and 31 illustrate the percentage distribution of Census 46. During the Houselisting Operations 120nducted Houses by types of roof material in Rural and Urban in February, 1970 the material used for roofing of the areas of the various districts in this State. Census house was recorded under Col. 5 of the House. list. Data relating to houses with different types of 51. Out of a total of 10,648,870 Census houses in roof material were tabulated on a 20% sample basis the State, as many as 7,054,250 houses or 66.2% of the and are presented under Cols. 12 to 20 of the Table total houses have grass, leaves, reeds, thatch, wood, H·I!. ' mud, unburnt bricks 'Of bamboo as roof material. 47. Also, an Appendix showing cross classification Houses with tiles, slate or shingle as roofing number of roof material with wall material under certain broad 2,425,615 and ,account for 22.8% of the total houses. categories is given. The data now given in Table H-I1 There are 464,755 houses with cement concrete roofing, correspond to the data presented in Table E-IV at the constituting 4.4% of the total houses. 231,945 houses 1961 Census. At the 1961 Census the data were tabu· forming 2.2 % have stone for roofing 198,120 houses or lated for Sample households living in Census houses 1.9% of the total houses have corrugated iron, zin,:: or used wholly or partly for residential purposes, while other metal sheets for roofing. 194,205 or 1.8% houses at present they are given in terms of Census houses as have roofs made of brick and lime. 74,340 houses or alteady explained while discussing the wall material of only 0.7% of the total houses have asbest~s ~ement houses, sheets for roofing. Only 5,640 houses constltutmg a negligible proportion have other types of roof material. 48. The enumerator was instructed to record under 'Col. 5 the material out of which mOist of the outer 52. In all the districts, except the districts of Hy-_ roofs, exposed to the weather and not the ceiling is derabad, Medak, Nizamabad and Karimnagar, grass, made i.e. tiles, thatch, corrugated iron, zinc or asbestos leaves, reeds, thatch, wood, mud, unburnt bricks or cement sheets, concrete, slates etc. In the case of bamboo constitute the predominant rom materials of multi-storeyed building the intermediate floor or floors houses. Tiles, slates or shingle form the important were taken as the roof material of the lower floor. If roof material in the districts of Hyderabad, Medak, the roof is mainly made of bricks, stone etc. and has a . Nizamabad and Karirnnagar. In the Coastal Andhra mud pIaster, cement plaster, or lime plaster exposed districts, in the Telangana districts except the four just to the sky, the materials of roof in such cases were not mentioned and in Chittoor district of Rayalaseem

"All Qther types" in 1960 while in 1970 they have been 58. Rural Areas: Out Df 8.833,600 rural Census clubbed under the category "Grass. leaves. reeds. etc.". houses as many as 6,369,900 cr 72.1 % of the total Similarly hDUseS with concrete roofing and stDne slab rural houses have grass. leaves. reeds. thatch, wood. rQQfing were included under a single category in 1960 mUd. unburot bricks or bamboO' as their predominant while they are treated as separate categDries in 1970. roof material. There has been a slight decline in 1970 The proportion Df hDuses with roofs made Df grass. in the proportiDn of such hcuses ccmpared to' the prO'­ leaves. thatch. reeds, bamboo, unbumt bricks Dr mud portion of 75.8% in 1960. The proportion of these and "Qther material" decreased frDm 71.0% in 1960 houses is more than 50% in the rural areas of all the to 66.2% in 1970. There has been a slight increase in districts except in the five districts Qf Hyderabad. Me­ the prO' portion of hDuse:; with tiles. slate Dr shingle as dak, Nizamabad. Adilabad and Karimnagar. The pro­ rDDf material from 22.0% in 1960 to' 22.8% in 1970. portiDn ranges from 31.8% in Nizamabad district to 'l11e proportion Df hDuses with brick and lime as roof 95.2 % in Kurnool district. The proportion is m(lre material decreased frDm 4.0% in 1960 to' 1.8% in 1970. than 80% in Srikakulam. Visakhapatnam and Kham­ There has b~en an increase in the proportiDn Df houses mam districts due to' the extensive fcrest areas in these with concrete and stone slab roofs frQm 2.0% in 1960 districts, in Krishna and Nellore districts due to easy to 6.6% 1970. Evidently concrete rODfs are replacing availability of hay or palmyra leaves and in Cuddapah. brick and lime roofs. The prO' portion of hQuses with Anantapur, KumDol and Mahbubnagar districts where c.I. zinc Qr other metal sheets as roof material increas­ a'large number of hcuses with roofs made of saline ed from 1% in 1960 to' 1.9% in 1970. The proportion earth are cDmmcn. Df hQuses with Asbestos cement sheet roofing increased from 0.2% in 1960 to' 0.7% in 1970. 59. Urban areas: Out Df the 1,815.270 hDUseS in the urban areas 684,350 houses forming 37.9% have 55. The fDllowing statement shows the proporticn roofs made of grass, leaves. thatch, wood, mud, unburnt of houses with different rccf materials in the rural and bricks or bamboo. The proportion among the districts urban areas of the State in 1960 and 1970. ranges frDm 6.4% in the urban areas of Hyderabad dis­ trict to' 69.4% in the urban areas of Anantapur dis­ STATEMENT III. 4 trict. The proportion is more than 50% only in the urban areas Df Srikakulam, Nellore. Cuddapah. Ananta. Percentage of houses pur and KurooQl districts. , _____.A. __ -_' _, Rural Urban Proportion of ho~ with TIles, Slate or Shingle Name of the roof r----. .A.-----., ,_.A._....." as roof material material 1960 1970 1960 1970 60. Tiles, Slate or Shingle are the next impor­ (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) tant rDof materials in this State. ------61. Rural Areas: 1,868.875 houses or 21.2% of 1. GrMs. leaves. reeds. thatch. wood, mud, the total rural hQuses in the State have tiles, ~late or unburnt bricks or bam- shingle as roof materials. The proporticn in the dis­ boo. 75.8 72·1 46.1 37.9 trict ranges from OJ % in the rural areas of KumoDl Df 2. Tiles. slate or shingle 20.1 district to 65.4% in the rural areas Nizamabad dis­ 21.2 33·6 30.7 trict. In Hyderabad, Medak, Adilabad, Karimnagar 3. Conl'rete ., 2·ll 15.4 and Warangal districts also tiles, slate Dr shingle are .,/ 1.5 r 4.7 important roof materials and about 40% or more of 4. Stone 2.2J 2.3 the hDuses have roDfs made Df these materials. In 5. C.l. Zinc of other metal the rural areas of the cDastal Andhra tract the highest sheets 0.4 1.3 2·7 4.6 proportion of houses having rDcfs made Df these ma­ 6. Brick and lime. 2.1 0.9 12.0 6.2 terials is only 28 % recorded in East Godavari district. There has been a slight increase in 1970 in the propor­ 7 Asbestos cement sheets. 0.1 0.2 0.9 2.9 tion Df houses with rDofs made Df these materials in the rural areas of the State compared to' the positiQn in 56. The above statement indicates that the prO'­ 1960. portion Df hDUSes with more durable roof material is 62. Urban areas: 556.740 houses in urban areas increasing. mQre significantly, in the urban areas, with constituting 30.7% of the total urban houses have tiles, a corr.esponding decrease in the prDportiDn of hDuses slate or shingle as roof material as against the corres­ with Kach.cha roof material. ponding proportion of 33.6% in 1960. In almost all the districts a considerable proportiDn of houses in the Proportion of houses with grass, lea~es, reeds, thatch, . urban areas have rDDfs made Df these materials. More wood, moo, unbornt bricks or bamboO' as roof mao than 50% of the houses in the urban areas of Medak. terial in the State Kanmnagar and Waranga] have roofs made of the~e materials. The proportiDn ranges from 4.0% in the 57. Grass, leaves, reeds, thatch, wood, mud, un­ urban areas of Anantapur district to 67.5% in the burnt bricks or bamboo are the most predominant urban areas of Warangal district. There has been a rODf materials used in this State. HQuses with roofs slight decrease in the proportion of houses with roofs made o~ these materials constitute 66% Df the t9tlll made Df these materials in the urban a,reas of the State hcuses 10 the State. . in 1970 COlllpareg tQ 196Q, . MATERIAL OF WALL AND ROOF 33

Proportion of houses with ConCf(\t~RCC or R.BC as Cuddapah, Anantapur, Kurnool. Mahbubnagar, Nizam. roof material abad and Karimnagar districts. 63. Concrete as roof material takes the thint 71. Urban areas: 83,855 houses forming 4.6% place. With the adoption of modern techniques of of the total urban houses have C.I .• zinc, or other me· house building, concrete roofing is being used to a con· tal sheets for their roofs. The proportion ranges from siderably larger extent specially in the urban areas. 1.3% in the urban areas of East .Godava~ ~istrict to 13.5% in the urban areas of Adilabad dlstnct. Only 64. Rural areas: 184,495 houses forming 2.1 % in Medak and Adilabad districts the proportion is moro of the total rural houses have concrete as roof material. than 10%. . The proportion of houses with this type of ro~f rna· terials ranges from 0.4% in the rural areas of Adllabad Proportion of houses with Brick and Lime as roof district to 3.9% in the rural areas of Ongole (Prakasam) D1ate~1 ' district. In the rural areas of Krishna. Guntur. Ongole (Prakasam), CuddaPah and Anantapur districts more 72. Brick and lime take the sixth place among than 3.0% of the houses have concrete roofing. the roof materials used in this State. This type of roof­ ing is known as "Madras terrace". With the introduc­ 65. Urban areas,' 280.260 of the urban houses tion of modern techniques in house building, concrete forming 15.4% of the total urban houses have concrete roofing is preferred nowadays to roofing with ,brick roofing. The proportion of these houses ranges from and lime, as can be seen from a decline in the propor­ 6.1 % in the urban areas of Nellore distrkt to 27.1 % tion· of houses with brick and lime roof and a corres­ in the urban areas of Hyderabad district .. obviously due 'ponding increase in the proportion of houses with con­ to the location of thel Hyderabad city in this district. crete roof in 1970 compared to 1960 both in the rural Houses with concrete roofing form more than 10% and urban areas of the State. Brick and lime are used except in Nellore. Mahbubnagar. Adilabad and Karim· to a significant extent only in the districts of Visakha­ nagar districts. patnam, East Godavari, West Godavari, Krishna, Gun­ tur, Ongole (prakasam), Nellore, Chittoor,: Cuddapah, Proportion of houses witb Stone as roof material Mahbubnagar, Hyderabad and Nalgonda. 66. Stone takes the fourth place among the im· 73. Rural areas: 81,270 houses or 0.9% of the portant roof materials used in this State. This material total houses in the rural areas have brick and lime a~ is being used considerably in the districts of Ongole roof material. The proportion ranges from a negligible (Prakasam), Chittoor, Cuddapah, Anantapur, Kumool, percentage in Kumool district to 3.8% in Nellore dis· Mahbubnagar, Hyderabad and Medak. In the other trict. The rural areas of only Guntur, Ongole (Praka. districts it is not used to any significant extent. sam), Nellore, Chittoor, Cuddapah, and Mahbubnagar districts have more than 10% of houses with this ldnd 67. Rural areas.' 190,390 rural houses forming of roofing. The proportion of such houses has decreas­ 2.2 % of the total houses have stone as roof material. ed from 2.1 % in 1960 to 0.9% in 1970 in the rural The proportion ranges from almost 'nil' in East Goda· areas of the State. vari. district to 22.7% in Hyderabad district. 74. Urban areas: 112.935 houses in urban areas 68. Urban areas: 41,555 houses forming 2.5% of forming 6.2 % of the total urban houses have brick and the total houses in the urban areas have stone as the lime as roof material. The proportion ranges from roof material. The proportion ranges from almost 'nil' only 0.1 % in Kurnool district to 20.7% in Chittoor in West Godavari and Khammam districts to 11.6% district. The Proportion of houses with this type of in Kuroool district where stone is available in plenty. roofing is less than 1% in the urban flreas of Srikaku­ Tho urban areas of Anantapur district also have about lam. Kuroool. Medak. Nizamabad, Karimnagar and 10% of houses: with stone roof. Khammam districts. The proportion of such hou~es has gone down considerably from 12.0% in 1960 to 6.2 % in 1970 in the urban areas of the State. Proportion of houses with C. I., Zinc or other metal sheets as 1100f m~terial Proportion of houses witb Asbestos Cement sheet~ 69. C. I., Zinc or other metal sheets form the lIext 75. Asbestos cement sheets take the last place important roof material in the State and 1.9% of the among the important roofing materials in the State. houses have this kind of roofing. There has been a Houses with this kind of roof constitute 0.7% of the slight increase in the proportion of such houses in 1970 total houses in the State. The proportion of such both in the rural and urban areas compared to 1960. houses is higher in the urban areas compared to the proportion in the rural areas. 70. Rural areas: 114,265 houses constituting 1.3% of the total houses have C.I., zinc or other metal 76. Rural areas: 21,460 houses in the rural areas sheets as roof material. ,The proportion among the dis· forming a small propodion of only 0.2 % of the total tricts rall!~es from 0.2% in Anantapur district to 7.4% houses have asbestos cement sheets for their roofs. in Adilabad district. The proportion of houses with The proportion ranges from 0.1 % in the districts of this roof material is less than 1% in the rural areas of Guntur. Cuddapah, Anantapur. Kumoot Mahbub­ Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, Chittoor, nagar, Medak and WarangaI to 1.0% in NeUore. There 3~ CHAPTER III has not been any significant increase in the proportion Proportion of Houses with other types of roof ma- of such houses in 1970 compared to the position in teriaIs 1960. 78. There are 5,640 houses having other types of 77. Urban areas: 52,880 urban houses forming roof materials and they constitute a negligible propor- 2.9% of the total urban houses have Asbestos cement tion both in the rural and urban areas of the The proportion varies from State and each district. Only the urban areas of Hy- sheets for their roofs. derabad, Medak and Chittoor districts have recorded 0.5% in Anantapur district to 10.9% in Nalgonda dis- a proportion of more than 0.5 % but less than 1% of trict. Houses with this kind of roof form more than such houses. The proportion is 'nil' in most of the 10% only in the urban areas of Adilabad. Khammam districts. and Nalgonda districts. The proportion of such houses I 79. The following statement shows the district. increased from 0.9% in 1960 to 2.9% in 1970 in the wise proportions of houses with various roof materials. urban areas of the State. . with rural and urban break up.

STATEMENT 111.5

DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 HOUSES 'BY PREDOMINANT ROOF MATERIAL IN EACH OF THE DISTRICTS FOR TI-IE TOTAL, RURAL AND URBAc"i AREAS

PRE D 0 MIN ANT ROO F MAT ER I A L T Total r-- .A..------"-I R No. of Gr.ss, Tiles, C. I., Asbestos Brick Stone Concrete All U C~nsus leaves, slateS zinc or Cem~nl and (RB.C. other State/DiStrict Houses reeds. or other sheetS lime or materials thatch, Shingle metal R.C.C.) wood, sheetS mud, unburnt bricks or bamboo

(I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (S) (I 0) (II)

ANDHltA PRADESH T 1,000 662 228 19 f 18 22 44 N R 1,000 721 212 13 2 9 n 21 N U 1,000 377 307 46 29 62 23 154 2

Srikakulam T 1,000 812 147 9 4 1 1 26 N R 1,000 341 132 5 3 I 1 17 N U 1,000 574 267 37 12 4 3 102 I

Visakhapatnam T 1,000 792 145 8 7 15 32 N R 1,000 874 103 4 2 3 - 13 N U 1,000 444 321 25 29 66 11-4 N

East Godavari T 1,000 632 310 9 3 10 1 35 N R 1,000 687 281 8 3 3 N 18 N U 1,000 382 442 13 7 42 I II3 N

West Godavari T 1,000 706 230 14 4 10 N 36 R 1,000 751 211 IO 2 3 I 22 U 1,000 478 330 31 10 46 N 105

Krishna T 1,000 754 135 16 5 23 2 65 N R 1,000 837 108 13 2 6 2 32 N U 1,000 464 231 25 14 83 I 182 N

Guntur T 1,000 681 1B2 25 7 33 8 64 N R 1,000 73B 171 22 1 22 8 38 N U 1,000 494 21B 36 24 71 7 149 I

Ongole (Prakasam) T 1,000 685 181 34 3 20 31 46 N R 1,000 713 170 34 2 16 26 39 N U 1,000 444 2B4 28 15 51 69 109

Nellore T 1,000 817 61 17 12 60 6 27 N R 1,000 869 45 14 10 38 4 20 N U 1,00Q ~19 J53 38 25 181 23 61 MATERIAL OF WALL AND ROOF 35-

STATEMENT III .5-Concld.

DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 HOUSES BY PREDOMINANT ROOF MATERIAL IN EACH OF THE DISTRICTS FOR THE TOTAL, RURAL AND URBAN AREAS

PREDOMINANT ROOF MATERIAL T Total r- """'I R No, of Grass, Til, G.I. Asbeltos Brick Stone Concrete All Statel U Census leaves, slates or zinc or cement and (R.B.C. other District Houses reeds, shingle other sheets lime or materials thatch, metal R.C.C.) wood, sheets mud, unburn! bricks or bamboo

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) .(10 j (11)

Ghittoor T 1,000 705 93 12 2 55 92 39 2 R 1,000 754 79 6 2 33 100 24 2 U 1,000 364 193 52 6 207 33 138 1

Cuddapah T 1,000 874 28 6 1 14 21 55 1 R 1,000 909 17 4 1 13 19 36 I U 1,000 633 104 20 6 23 30 183 I

Anantapur T 1,000 888 12 6 2 4 39 49 N R 1,000 928 7 2 I 3 27 32 N 'U 1,000 694 40 24 5 II 95 131 N

Kurnool T 1,000 905 6 9 2 N 46 32 N R 1,000 952 3 3 I N 31 10 N U 1,000 691 22 31 8 1 116 131

Manbubnagar T 1,000 810 76 11 1 26 56 20 N R 1,000 848 57 5 1 20 55 14 N U 1,000 418 275 75 6 85 59 82 N

Hyderabad T 1,000 167 401 56 34 58 103 178 3 R 1,000 335 385 14 7 5 227 .'27 N U 1,000 64 410 83 51 90 27 271 4

Medak T 1,000 308 590 26 2 4 41 28 1 R 1,000 322 594- 19 I, 4 43 16 I U 1,000 143 537 !OS 10 1 24- - 169 8

Nizamabad T 1,000 313 623 17 10 2 1 34 N- R 1,000 318 654 9 4 I I 13 N U 1,000 281 450 63 46 8 1 150 1

Adilabad T 1,000 4Bl 400 83 17 - 2 1 15 1 R 1,000 503 413 74 3 1 1 4 1 U 1,000 347 317 135 106 II 1 83 N

Karimnagar • T 1,000 341 623 7 8 '2 1 17 1 ' R 1,000 356 624 5 3 1 1 10 N U 1,000 192 612 29 60 8 1 97 )

Warangal T 1,000 322 430 13 2 5 !2 / 26 N R 1,000 574 400 10 I 2 2 11 N U 1,000 102 675 31 12 29 J 150 N

Khammam T 1,000 815 118 18 16 2 1 30 N R 1,000 886 77 13 4 2 1 17 N U 1,000 339 386 52 - 101 5 N 117 N

Nalgonda T 1,000 677 253 17 9 12 7 25 N R 1,000 709 244 14 2 8 7 16 N U 1,000 246 36B 42 109 75 13 147 N CHAPTER UI

C~parisoD with the position in 1960-Rural areas marked in the rural areas ot East Godavari, West Go· 80. It is seen from the above statemen.t that the davari, Krishna. Guntur, Nellore, Chittoor. CuddaP'd;h. rural areas of 9 districts viz., Srikakulam, VlSakhapat· Anantapur, Kurnool, Khammam and Nalgonda dIS­ nam. Krishna. Nellore, Cuddapah, Anantapur, Kurn~ol, ~~ I Mahbubnagar and Khammam districts have a very hIgh 83. There has been an increase in the proportion proportion of houses with roofs made. of gras~, leaves, of houses with roofs made of metal sheets and asbestos reeds, bamboo. mud etc., the pr.oportl01?-· r~ngmg fro~ cement sheets in 1970 in the rural areas of the State of 84% in the rural areas Knshna dIstnct to 95 /0 compared to 1960. The proportions o~ such. houses in the rural areas of Kurooo! district, in !he ~ne dis· increased from 0.4 % and 0.1 % respectIvely ill 1960 _ ill tricts mentioned. A similar situati~n obtamed these to 1.3% and 0.7% respectively .in 1970. There h~9 districts also in 1960, the proportion of such. houses been an increase in the proporUon of such houses In ranging from 85 % in Krishna district to 95 % III Kur: almost all the districts of the State. There are only nool district. In the rural areas of West. GodavarI 1.36 lakhs of houses of these two types iJ? t~e rural and Chittoor districts also. such houses conshtute about areas of the State distributed over all the dlstncts. 75% of the total houses. There has been a very slight decrease in this proportion in 1970 c.ompared to 1960 84. The proportion of houses w~th roofs n1a~e of in these two districts.' The proportIOn of ho:uses of brick and lime decreased from 2.1 % ill 1960 to slightly this type declined from 76% in 1~60. to. 69% In 1970 less than 1% in 1970 in the rural areas. of the State. in the rural areas of East Godavan dIStnct. The rural As stated earlier. concrete roofs are bemg preferred areas of Guntur. Ongole (Prakasam) and Nalgon.da to orick and lime roofs both in the rural and urban districts have between 70% and 75% of houses WIth areas. The proportion of houses wi~h. ,r~of made of roofs made of these kachcha materials. The correspond. brick and lime ranges from almost ml ill the rural ing proportion in these districts was somewhat ~gher areas of most of the Telangana districts to 3.8% in 1960. The rural areas of Hyderabad, Medak, Nlzam· in the rural areas of Nellore district. There has been abad Adilabad and Karimnaga~ districts recorded a decline in the proportion of such houses in most of relatively lower proportions of such houses both in 1960 the districts in the State. There are only about 80,000 and 1970. houses with brick and lime J;oofs in the rural are~s of the State. The number of s.uch houses is relallvely 81. In respect of houses with roofs made of tiles, large in Guntur, Nellore. Chitto,or, Cuddapah and Mah. slate or shingle. the rural areas of all the Telangana bubnagar districts both in 1960 and 1970. districts except Mahbubnagar and Kharrunam recorded a relatively higher proponion both in 1?60 and 1979. Comparison with the position in 1960-Urban areas The highest proportion of such houses In the State IS 85. Houses with roofs made of Kachcha material recorded in the two Censuses in the rural areas of like grass, leaves, reeds, thatch, bamboo or mud still Nizamabad district, the proportions being n % and constitute the largest proportion of 37.7% of the t?t~l 65% in 1960 and 1970 respectively. In the Coastal houses in the urban areas of the State. However, 1t IS Andhra districts, the proportion of such houses ranges somewhat heartening to note that the proportion of from 4.5% in Nellore district to 28.1 % in East Goda· such houseS' in the urban areas has declined from 46% vari district. A similar pattern was observed in these in 1960 to about 38% in 1970. The proportion ranged districts in 1960 also. However, there has been a from 10.2% in the urban areas of Hyderabad district significant increase in 1970 in the proportion of tile<:! to 84.0% in the urban areas of Kumool district in houses in Srikakulam. Visakhapatnam. East Godavan 1960. In 1970 also the urban areas of Hyderabad and districts, a slight increase in West Godavari and Nellore Kuroool districts recorded the lowest and highest pro· districts and a slight decrease in Krishna district com­ portions being 6.4% and 69.4% respectively. There pared to 1960. The proportion of tiled houses in all has been a decrease in the proportion of such h()Us~ the Rayalaseema distriCts is very low, the figures rang­ in the urban areas of all the districts, the most marked ing from only 0.3% in Kurnool district, which inciden. decrease being recorded in tht urba.q are.as· of Nal· tally is the lowest proportion of tiled houses in the gonda district where the proportion f~ll .down. from State, to 7.9% in Chittoor district. The pattern in 53.4% in 1960 to 24.6% m 1970. ThIS IS ObVIously 1960 also was similar in these districts. There has due to the demolition, subsequently, of several thatched . been, however, a slight increase in the proportion of huts of the large number of construction labourers who tiled houses in all these districts in 1970 compared to were engaged at the Nagarjunasagar dam site in Vijaya. 1960. puri during 1960. The urban areas of all the Telan­ gana districts except Mahbubnagar and Khammam 82. The proportion of houses with concrete or recorded relatively low proportions of this type of stone roofs increased from 1.5% in 1960 to 4.3% in houses both in 1960 and 1970. The proportion of such 1970 in the rural areas of the State. There has been houses whiCh was about 45% or more in 1960 in all a significant increase in the proportion of such houses the Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema districts is more in the rural areas of every district in the State. The or less of the same order in these districts even in 1970 proportions in districts which ranged in 1960 form though there has been a slight decline in the proportion almost 'nil' in the rural areas of several districts of in each district. the State to 19.3% in the rural areas of Hyderabad district, ranged from 1.1 % in the rural areas of Karim. 86. Houses with tiled roofs form the next impor­ nagar district to 25.4% in the rural areas of Hyder. tant category in the urban areas of the State. The pro­ abad district in 1970. The increase is particularly portion of such houses is 30.7% in 1970 for aU the MATERIAL tiP WALL A~D RooP urban areas taken together" compared to the corres· and 20.7% in the urban areas of Chittoor district. ponding proportion of 33.6% in 1,\60. There has been. Thus. these two districts have maintained the positions thus a small decline in the proportion of tiled houses which they occupied in 1960 in respect of the propor­ in the urban areas of the State. This is due to a simi~ tion of houses with roofs made of brick and lime. tar decrease in the urban areas of all the districts ex· There has been a decrease in the proportion of sucb cept Visakhapatnam, Anantapur, Kumool, Mahbub­ houses in the urban areas of all the districts of the nagar. Karimna~ar and Nalgo.nda whi~h recorded. a State except in Nellore and Nalgonda districts. As slight increase In the proportiOn of tiled houses in stated earlier Madras Terrace is loosing ground to con" 1970 compared to 1960. The proportion of such houses crete wofs all over the State. continued to be relatively higher in all the Telangana districts and in East Godavari, West Godavari and 89. The ptoportion of houses with roofs made Of Chittooc districts as in 1960. corrugated iron and other metal sheets increased from 2.7% in 1960 to 4.6% in 1970 in the uJ;ban areas of 87. The next important category of houses in the the State. The proportion of such houses ranged froDli urban areas is. of those with concrete or stone roofs. 0.4% in the urban areas of East Godavari district to The proportion of such houses increased from 4.7% in 12.1 % in the urban areas bf Adilabad district in 1960. 1960 to 17.7% in 1970. The proportions ranged from There has been an increase: in the proportion of houses 0.5% in the urban areas of West Godavari district to with roofs made of metal sheets in the urban areas of 12.4% in the urban areas of Hyderabad district in 1960. all the districts except in Nizamabad and Nalgonda The corresponding figures in 1970 are 8.4% in the which recorded a very slight decrease in- 1970 com­ urban areas of Nellore district and 29.8% in the urban pared to 1960. There are only about 84,000 houses in ar~s of Hyderabad district. A proportion of 10% or the urban areas of the State belonging to this category. more of such houses was recorded only in the urban areas of two districts viz., Anantapur and Hyderabad 90. Houses with Asbestos cement roofs also have districts in 1960. But in 1970 it is more than 10% increased considerably in the urban areas of the State in the urban areas of all the districts of the State ex· in 1970 compared to the position in 1960. There are cept Nellore district indicating the increasing pra.;;r­ only about 53,000 of such houses in all the urban areas ence fm concrete roofs in the urban areas of the State. taken together. The proportion of such houses has increased from 0.9% in 1960 to 2.9% in 1970. There 88. Houses with roofs made of brick and lime are has been an increase in the proportion in the urban the next important category in the urban areas of the areas of all the districts of the State except for a slight State. The proportion of such houses is 6.2 % in 1970 decrease in the urban areas of Nalgonda district. The compared to 12 % in 1960. Thus there has been a urban areas of Adilabad, Khammam and Nalgonda considerable decrease in the proportion of houses with recorded considerably higher proportions of such Madras Terrace roof. The proportion of such houses houses both in 1960 and 1970. ranged from about 3% in the urban areas of Srikaku­ lam district to 23 % in the urban areas of Chittoor 91. The following statement shows the proportion district in 1960. The corresponding proportions in of houses with different roof materials in each city 1970 are 0.4% in the ur:ban areas of Srikakulam district of the State for 1960 and 1970 ..

STATEMENT m. 6

PROPORTION PER 1000 OF TOTAL HOUSES WITH ROOFS MADE OF , __--...... a ------~~----~~-----, City Grass, Tiles, C.l. or Asbestos Brick Concrefe and leaves or slate or other cement and stone reeds, Shingle metal sheets lime mud, etc. sheets

(I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Visakhlpatn,m 1960 540 236 12 9 173 30 1970 456 250 24 39 31 200

Kakinada 1960 426 455 2 1 91 25 1970 368 433 11 9 62 117

R.ajahmundry 1960 285 526 8 8 167 6 1970 265 479 16 7 75 158

Elum 1960 489 422 - 3 2 82 2 1970 411 406 24 13 38 108

\.11~hilipltnlm (Bander) 1960 415 424 2 1 158 ... 1970 393 346 18 12 126 lOS Vijayawada 1960 504 232 11 2 214 37 1970 384 178 28 21 124 265 38 ClIAPTER III STATEMENT III. 6-Concld.

PROPORTION PER 1000 OF TOTAL HOUSES WITH ROOFS MADE OF City ,- .A- -. Gras~, Tiles, C.!. or Asb~stos Brick Concrete and leaves, Slale or other cement and stone reeds, Shingle metal sh~ets lime mud etc. sheets

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Guntur 1960 497 301 14 5 183 N 1970 425 265 43 23 37 207

Nellore 1960 554 196 26 1 222 1 1970 479 133 38 42 210 98 . Kurnool 1960 813 3 0 5 30 149 1970 595 4 10 7 1 383

Hyderabad ("te.) . 1960 100 506 68 10 207 109 1970 65 410 86 49 102 288 Nizamabad . 1960 320 553 42 2 54 29 1970 283 461 70 12 14 160

Warangal 1960 104 783 16 9 74 14 1970 70 691 29 14 24 172

M. C. : Municipal Corporation

92. Houses with roofs made of kachcha materials houses will continue, inevitably, for a number of de- . like grass, leaves, thatch, bamboo or mud st~ll consti­ cades to come particularly in the rural areas of the tute about 40% of the total houses in each CIty except State. Further, as will be observed later in Chapler Y, in Raj ahmundry , Hyderabad, Nizamabad and Waran­ about 62 %of the Households occupy only one room. gal ,cities. In these four cities houses with tiled roofs Here agam there has not been any significant improve- ~ constitute the majority. A similar situation obtained ment over the conditions existing a decade earlier. in 1960 also. However the proportion of houses with The proportion of households occupying one room roofs made of grass, leaves, that,ch or mud has declined was about 65% in 1960. These figUl:es, no doubt, point in each city in 1970 compared to 1960L Houses with out .t~e very poor housi~g. conditions and inadequacy tiled roofs also have registered a decline in their pro­ of IlVlng space for a maJonty of the population. The portion in all cities except Visakhapatnam and Kur­ State and Central Governments are investing substan­ nool, though the fall is not as marked as in the case tially on house building schemes, for different cate­ of houses with roofs made of grass, leaves, thatch or gories of people but the magnitude of the problem, mud. Another noticeable feature is the decrease in numerically speaking, may not permit perceptible im­ the proportion of houses with roofs made of brick and provement in the situation for a long time. lime (Madras terrace) in each city and a corresponding or higher increase in the proportion of houses with 95. There seems to be a feeling of self satisfaction concrete' or stone roofs. The proportion of houses. among a majority of the population in the matter of with concrete or stone roofr; ranged from almost nil in housing than in the case of other economic problems. Machilipatnam, Guntur and Nellore cities to 14.9% It is not necessarily a fatalistic attitude but perhaps a in Kurnool city in 1960, whereas in 1970 the corres­ very practical outlook of makibg the best use of the ponding proportions are 9.8% in Nellore city and available resources. Fortunately for Andhra· Pradesh 38.3% in Kurnool city. extreme climatic conditions are quite rare and com­ bined to a few pl.aces only in the State. A majority of 93. A few photographs and line sketches of typical the rural populatIOn, therefore, spend most of the time holises and houses belonging to households engaged "outdoors" without bothering about the extent o~ sort in the most common rural occupations are given !It_ of accommodation that is available. Traditionally, the end of this Chapter. households belonging to different occupational cate­ gories have a particular pattern of deployment of the Resideutial houses-a case for construction on func­ available space in the best possible manner taking into tional usage account the domestic and occupational needs. 94. It is observed from the analysis in this Chap­ 96. Consider f(Jlf example the case of fishermen. ter that about 80% of the I}ouses in the State are . Most of the fishermen live in thatched houses called Kachcha houses. The proportion of such houses has "Vasillu". The'Vasillu is very rarely an independent gone down a little compared to the position in 1960 structure. Two o~ more houses of this type are con­ but it is evident that a high proportion of Kachcha structed contiguously under a long commOn roof. All MATERIAL OF WALL AND ROOF the houses are two..sloped except the two houses at cooking pots are cleaned and kept in the front yard both ends which have one more slope. Commonly the for drying in the sun. It is very common to find the walls are built with mud or wattle and the roofs are cured fish spread out n.ear the houses of fishermen, on covered with paddy straw after the skeleton frame of hay bed for drying in the sun. Old women and children the roof is constructed with Palmyra rafters and bam­ watch them from the onslaughts of eagles, dogs and boos. These roofs will be either almost touching the thievt>S. ground or will come up to a height of 2 to 3 feet from the ground level. Fishing accessories like "Terachapa" 97. The houses of fishermen are mostly si:lgk­ and "Topudo~a" and processing equipments like big roomed. The utilisation of space inside the house will earthen vessels are usually kept in the verandahs. The be generally as depicted in the following diagram.

.... f "I \ ... / """~~ PouLtry sw6\J'"i'\O~

Central Pole • ~~e. Mortar • zyOw . :

FRONT YARD Q;lbt~'

GROUND PLAN OF HUT.RE"SIDENCE roe.~w... OF A fISHERMAN

98. The agriculturists whose economic position is is the granary for storing the paddy or other grains. This relatively .better generally compared to that of fisher· granary will be either a separate room or a large-sized man, can afford to have better housing facilities. Figure bamboo basket (Gampalu) placed on the supporting 16 ind~cates the allotment of the available built poles. The second type of granary will be easier to in space in the house for different purposes like operate either for storing or taking out the paddy but bed room, dining room, granary, kitchen, puja room it will not be as durable or pilfer proof as the first etc. A (;ommon feature of the houses of agriculturists type. The pucca type of granary can be seen in 40 CHAPTER. III Figure 17 relating to the house of an agriculturist. It portion is used as the workshop. Sometimes a small will not have doors on any side but a few windows at pandal will also be erected to a side at a convenient convenient places to pour the grains inside and to take place tOo protect themselves from the hot sun while at· out the same. Another sketch in Figure No. 18 tending to the manufacture or repair of footwear etc. ~ndicates a different pattern of utilisation of space The tanned leather of different types is preserved in In the house of an agriculturist in Chittoor district. The one corner. In the Telangana Region the cobblers live, construction of a separate shed for cattle adjoining to in tiled houses with mud walls. the house is a common feature. The sketch in Figure 19 also clearly shows the internal arrangement of 102. Blacksmiths, carpenters and potters usually space in the house for different purposes. Agricultural pursue their occupations in the open space outside implements will bE stored in the cattle shed. The hay their houses and occasionally in the front verandahs of stock will also be arranged near the cattle shed. their houses. A blacksmith working in the verandah can be seen in Figure 24. The furnace and bellows also are kept in the verandah in this case. But 99. The sketch in Figure 20 shows clearly generally these are arranged in the open space adjoin­ the d.eployment of space for different pur­ ing the house. A small room is utilised for storing the poses m the house of a washerman. The allocation of tools. spate .is entirely in a,~cordance with the occupational necessitIes. In ~ ro?m arrangement is made for keeping 103. Similarly potters also have their workshOps the table for lromng the clothes. Some space is also in the open space in front of their houses. Mud will alloued for storing the unwashed clothes besides be stored in heaps for preparing the earthen pots, uten· ,arrangements for kitchen and "puja' room etc. Outside sils. etc. The articles so manufactured will be stored the house one will find washing pots and ropes tied up in the open yard till they are disposed off. to the poles for drying the clothes in the sun. A large .stone for washing the clothes will also be common1v 104. The tailors' houses have a particular rype of found at the houses of the washerman, for occasiomil internal arrangements for different purposes. The sew­ use. Quite often the donkeys used for carrying the ing machine is set up in the front verandah. Inside clothes to and from the 'Dhobi Ghats' that is the tanks the house arrangement is made for attending to the canals, or rivers which are at a distance from the resi: cutting of clothes,. In some of the houses of the ~cilces are found tied to poles in the open yard to one tailors a separate room is also maintained for keep­ slde of the house as can be seen in Figure 21. ing the large-sized mud pots for storing the grains as can be seen from figure 25. 100. In the houses of the basket makers there 105. In the retail traders' houses where usually seem~ to be no. parti~ular arrangements as the basket both the shop and residence are located, the trade is we~vmg work is earned out mostly in the verandabs transacted in the front room. Adjoining to it, a store ?r m the shade under the nearby tree in the open space room will also be maintained. The residential portion In .front of the houses. Logs of wood, bamboos, un­ will generally be in the back side of the house. This finished baskets, partially woven mats baskets and type of housing pattern enables the women and other allied articles are commonly found sc~ttered around members of household also to participate in the trad­ th~ houses of the basket makers. Implements like ing operations when the male members are busy other· kmfe, ~90d ~utter etc., required for carrying out their wise. profe~lOn Will be kept h?wever inside .a~ter: the day's work IS completed. A kitchen and a hvmg room are 106. Thus the rural artisans, agriculturists or generally maintained by them. In some of the areas those engaged in services like laundrying have been uti­ th.e houses of the basket weavers are built completely lising the limited built-in space to the best advantage in WIth bamboos as can be'seen from the Figure 22. an orderly manner. This is true to a large extent of the urban areas also. A fUriher detailed study of the de­ ployment of available space for different purposes in HH. Figure 23 reveals the peculiar type of the households pursuing different oo:;upations is likely house belonging to a cobbler. Cobbler~ generally be­ to bring out useful and interesting facts aDout the resi­ lon~ t~ the Scheduled Castes. In the rural areas their dential patterns not only of persons following different h~b1tatlOns are found usually in the outskirts of the occupations but also- the variations in the patterns of vllla.ges. The walls Oof their houses in the Coastal Andhra 'utilisation of space in respect of persons pursuing the ~eglO!l a:e generally made of mud and the roofs arc same \)ccupations in different regions and in different ill an lllclllled plane on both sides of the rafter. Bamboos economic strata. Such a study also seems necessary are arrange~ in an inclined plane resting on the rafter because development of house types study according to and lengthWIse walls on both sides over which palmy~a functional usage is likely to be better appreciated by leaves ar.e sl?read. The space above the breadthwise the users than the so-called modem type design houses walls which IS left open is covered with bamboo wClttle that are constructed even in rural areas, disregarding or pa~yra leaves. Ther~ will be provision generally their functional utility. for a smg1e door war. ThIS type of house will not have any sOort ?f ventIlators or windows. Figure 24 107. Another aspect of rural housing that has to s~ows a .typlcal house of a ,~obbler in Rayalaseema Re­ be borne in mind for proper designing is the fact that gIOn. ThiS type of houses will be generally single-room­ there are quite many joint families living in a build· ed. A corner of the house is used as kitchen. The front ing and pursuing their occupations which are different. MATERIAL OF WALL AND ROOP 41 Sketch in Figure 26 is one such house at KadpaJ 110. Out of 10,648,870 Census houses listed in the village, Narayankhed taluk of Medak: district. Out­ State at the time of Houselisting Operations, 8,274,360 side the entran\;t: of the house could be seen only houses were used for residential purposes and only a loom. If one enters it thinking that it is a weav­ these houses have been cr.oss classified and given in the er's house, the first surprise he meets is a medical dis­ Appendix to Table H -II. pensary at the right and a stair case to upstairs on the left handside. If one passes this, another surprise is cat­ The following statement shows the classification tle tied to a small pole and tub for their drinking on ')f the houses in the State. one side and another tub for storage of water for hu­ man beings on another side. The house owner's brother WATEMENT III. 7 who is an agriculturist owns these cattle and cooks his .------,--- food in one room. That room is his kitchen,. bed room, Type of Wall and ROof living room, store room all put together. On another materials Total Rural Urban side opposite the main entrance is one big room with attached small room occupied by another brother. He (1) (2) (3) (4) bas loom inside. The big room also serves as his ------_.-._------kitchen, dining and living room. On the verandah 1 Houses with Pucca Walls of this big room is a sewing machine which is owned and Pucca roofs 1,680,420 976,555 103,865 by his major son who is a tailor\ in the village. In 2 Houses wiih Kachchawalls addition to these three families, there is a teacher pay' and K"chcha roofs 4,256,395 3,815,325 441,070 ing a monthly rent of Rs. 12 and staying in the 3 Houses with Kachcha walls upstairs with his books, tutions etc. The num· and Pucca roofs 1,029,370 883,320 146,050 ber. of pe~ns living in each family is also mentioned 4 Houses with Pucca walls in the sketch. We have only to imagine how miserable and Kachcha roofs 1,302,300 1,154,760 147,540 are the housing conditions in rural areas. We cannot 5 Houses with unclassifiable possibly plan for every joint family but where due to type of wall material Sand Kachcha roofs. . 1,675 1,650 25 several reasons concerning families they like to live to· 6 Houses with unclassifiable gether different designs based on their functions ought wall materials and PuCca to be designed and constructed. Perhaps such houses roofs 1,000 865 135 may be cheap to construct than several unit houses 7 Houses with Kachcha walls designed for small families. A larger number of per· and unclassifiable roof sons can be given housing accommodation at a lesser materials 845 660 185 cost per individual when constructed this way. 8 Hou,es with Pucca walls and unclassifiable roof materiltls 2,045 630 1,415 108. Appendix to Table H-II is a new table pro. 9 Houses with unclassifiable sented at the 1971 Census showing the cross-classifica­ wall and unclassifiable tion of material of walls with material of r~fs of the roof materials 310 285 25 residential houses. In this Appendix the predominant wall material has been classified into the following TOTAL 8,2i'+,360 6,834,050 1,440,310 three broad categories. "- 111. It is seen from the above table that there are 1. Grass, leaves, reeds, bamboo, mUd, unburnt only 1,680,420 houses in the State with pucca· walls bricks, wood ~nd pucca robb-976,555 in the rural areas and 703,865 2. Burnt bricks, O.I. sheets or other metal sheets, III ~e urban ~~eas. That is, only 20.31,% of the resi. _stone, cement dentIal houses III the State are pucca while the remain. ing 79.69% are kachcha houses. The proportion of 3. All other materials and materials not stated. pucca houses is more" naturally in the urban areas than in the rural areas. The proportion of pucca houses 109. Similarly the roof material has been classi· in the urb~n areas of ~he State is 48.9 % as against the fied into the following three broad cat~gories. correspondmg proportIOn of only 14.3% in the rural areas. 1. Grass, leaves, reeds, bamboo, mud, unburnt bricks and wood 112, Considering the rural areas of individual dis. tricts, !he proportion of pucca houses ranges from only 2. Tiles, slate or shinglt., corrugated iron, zinc or ~.7% m the rural areas of Kurnoo! district to'29.4% other metal sheets, asbestos cement sheets, l!l th~ rural areas of H~derabad district. This propor­ brick and lime, stone, RBC(RCC, Concrete tIOn IS more than 20% In East Godavari, Guntur, On. 3. All other materials and materials not stated gole (Prakasam), Hyderabad" Medak and Nizamabad districts and is less than lO% in Cuddapah, Ananta. Houses belonging to category one in both the pur, Kurnoo}, Khammam and Nalgonda district3. In cases represent kachcha type of houses while house> the urban areas the proportion of pucca houses ranges in category two in both the cases indicate pucca from 26% in Anantapur and Kumool districts to constructions. Category three indicates unclassifiable 73 % in Hyderabad district. Amon~ the cities in the type. It wiH be pOSsible to assess the proportion of ~tate, the proportion of pucca h?uses ranges from 36 % pucca and kachcha houses from this classification. ill Kurooo) city to about 74'1. In Hyderabad city. 42 113. The following statement shows, for the vari· STATEMENT I1I.8-Conc/d. ous States and Union Territories in the country, the ------percentage of houses having: Percentage othouses having -, (i) Pucca wall and pucca roof materials. State/ (i) {ii) (iii) \iv) Union Territory pucca 1Cachcha Pucca }(achcha (ii) Kachcha wall and Ka,8hcha roof materials walland wall and wall and wall and pucca KRchcha Kachcha pucca (iii) Pucca wall and Kachcha roof materials roof roof roof roof materials materials mat~rials makrials (iv) Kachcha wall and Pucca roof materials (1) (2) (3) _ - \4) (5) STATEMENT III· 8 STATES ------Tamil Nadu 32.43 51.34 2.32 13.57 Percentage of houses having Tripura 2.42 91.26 0.16 6.io State! Union Territory (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Uttar Pradesh 22.98 42.86 7.12 36.96 Pucca Kachcha Pucca Kachcha wall and wall and wall and wall and West Bengal • 26.85 47.53 0.44 25'10 Pucca Kachcha Kachcha Puced UNION TERRIJORlES roof roof roof roof materials materials materials materials Andaman & Ni· cobar Islands 2.87 56.03 1.09 39.82

(I) (2) (3) (4) (5) ArunachalPradesh 6.48 84.59 3.69 5.44 Chandigarh 80.24 6.15 13.29 0.10 STATES Dadraand Niigar Andhra Pradesh. 20.31 51.44 15.74 12.44 Haveli . . 5.79 51.18 43.00 Assam 8.84 80.19 0.90 10.04 Delhi 79.82 6.50 10.49 '2.19 Bihar 19.49 38.08' 0.50 40.91 Goa,Daman and Diu 30'17 12'58 0.36 56'81 Guiarat 49.48. 5.45 1.44 43.35 Laccadive, Mini- Haryana 29.04 35.42 34.27 1.13 cOy and Amin· divi Islands 38.63 4.40 56.54 0.35 Himachal Pradesh 40.07 14.35 14.42 31.00 Polldicherry 30.01 62.1.3 6.54 0.71 Jammu & Ka- shmir 12.46 44.59 39.69 2.83 114. Compared to other States in India, Andhra Kerala 28.68 50.86 11.14 9.19 Pradesh takes the 13th place in regard to the propor­ tion of pucca houses (i.e., houses having pucca wall Madhy I Pradesh 23.67 8.25 0.62 67.29 material and pucca roof material), the proportion be" Mabarashtra 42.24 14.65 13.45 241.28 ing only 20.3% as, against the highest percentage of Manipur . 1. 87 86.94 about 50% in Gujarat. The proportion of pucca 0.95 10.85 houses is much higher in the Union Territories of Chan· Meghalaya 7.13 66.39 0.61 25.55 digarh and Delhi, obviously because about 90% of MY;ore (Karnataka) 24.46 25.26 25.39 24.73 the population in these two Territories live in urban areas. Among the five neighbouring States of Orissa, Nagaland. 7.13 78.49 0.18 14.19 Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mysore and Tamil drissa 9.23 70.58 3.56 16.50 Nadu, Andhra Pradesh is better placed only over Orissa State which has only 9.23 % of Pucca houses. In the Punjab 37.69 39.43 21. 06 I. 71 remaining four neighbouring States the proportion of Rajasthan 44.05 24.85 4.64 26.35 Pucca houses rahges between 23% and 42%. . MATERIAL OF WALL AND ROOF

Fig. 1. A Conical shaped datepalm leaves hut in Raya1aseema Region

Fig. 2. Residence of an Oil Extractor in Rayalaseema Region 8-1 Census Andhra/73 CHAPTER III

Fig. 3. Old type double storeyed building with tiled roof in Telangana Region

Pig. 4. Trapezium-shaped hut erected with bamboo wattle in Rayalaseema Region MATERIAL OF WALL AND ROOF

Fig. 5. Cluster of residences of Potters in a locality of Telangana Region

Fig. 6. Carpenter's house in Te1angana Region

Fig. 7. Solar hat type thatched hut in Raya1aseema Region CHAPTER III

'RESIDENTIAL HOUSE SKETCH, OF MILCH CATTLE GROWER

in Edida of Jtamacha~drapuram Taluk of Ea!ot Godavari District

ELEVATION

Fig. 8. A typical house of Cattle Breeder in Coastal Andhra Region

Fig. 9. A typical house of an Agriculturist with walls and roof made of stone in Telangana Region MATERIAL OF WALL AND ROOF

Net covered over the Top

A round Coment Tub for SIO,",O 01 Fish

Thread RESIDENTIAL HOUSE SKETCH OF FISHERr'1AN in Uppada of Pith.puram Taluk of East Godavari District

:,~ ec Fig. 10. A typical boue of a Fisherman in Coastal Andhra Region CHAPTER III

Fig. 11. A typical residential house of a Weaver in Coastal Andhra Region MATERIAL OF WALL AND ROOF

TYPICAL RESIDENTIAL HOUSE SKETCH OF A FARMER

in Bandarulanka of Amalapuram Taluk of East Godavari District

ELEVATION

~ .-- -:;-._-

Fig. 12. A typical residential house of a Farmer in Coastal Andhra Region CHAPTER III

'RESIDENTIAL HOUSE S.KETCH OF A BASKET MAKER ' in Edida of Alamur I.S.T. of East Godavari District

••\,\ ,\ ,\ '·,\\1 ,f,

ELEVATION

Fig. 13. ";,~A typical house of a Basket maker in Coastal Andhra Region MATERIAL OF WALL AND ROOF

f

Fig. 14. A brass worker's house in Telangana Region

Fig. 15. Mud-walled house in Telangana Region (8) 8 - IC~nus Andhra/73 CHAPTER III

ilOUSE SKETCH OF AN AGRICULTVRlST

In KapiJeswarapuram Villa,. tI( Alamur I.S.T. of Eut Godavari District

lACK ENTRANCE IAU EN'TlANCE ...... ------.1 ------:_]---.:1:':-_---'

SPACE fOR 8... TH SPACE FOR BATH

KirCHEN KITCHEN DO o

o EJ o

GRANARY

L-o L u DINING ROOM DINING ROOM n~

lED ROOI1 BED ROOM

r

SHOP VERANO,"

b o o o

Fig. 16. House sketch of an Agriculturist in Andhra Region. MATERIAL OF WALL AND ROOF

Back of the House

GRANARY

ELEVA nON

RESIDENTIAL HOUSE SKETCH OF AN AGRICULTURIST in Kapileswarapuram Village of Alamur Taluk in East Goda¥al'i District

Fig, 17, Residential house sketch of an Agriculturist in Andhra Region. CHAPTER III

A TYPICAL HOUSE PLAN OF AN AGRICULTURIST in Chintamakkulapalle of Chittoor District

, ~ ... ---- ... ------... --...... "'" ---_... ----.. - ... -,. -- _..... ------, - : .. , "'\ /", , , I I , I ·I , , I , , I I , , I I I , I , I I{ JASMIN~-<~ , , , , I , , , , , I I · , , I Crru'1R , , I , ____1 I , · I , , I (II , , , I · ' , ~ : i· -----'y_ •••• !::::: ~! :1· .. --...... -:!:'Of ... -_ ...... :· I r= , , ;: I I I , I ,I ·, il I . ·I , ·, r, ,I ,I I I · t •I , CATTLE SHED . BED ROOM-CUM STORE r I FOR 7 ANfMALS •, • I I t '·6 '12·JJ . I , , I ..vALLS: MADE OF MUD I 10-0." 8-0 I I t t I I , I I , fT- I I I : I I I ROOF: MADE OF THATCH , I •••••)o.:: .. _ r==. I J :1. 0 .. _----1.-----, , .1 I = ,. , , I .' : ,- , I I ,.. t . , I , , , I I . , I ,. , ~-~ , , I I , I , I I , I , , , I I , , , I , , I , , I I t ~I 1 , I :.. I ~ ------_. -- --.; ~-----.---.-.--.- I , , FODDER. d FIREWOOD STORE: I I I 4~O x 10-0 D ____ • ______.: J f .:~ • • I

WASTE WATER CUITEi( r, ...... -----.----;'1 'I\~ ,~ I ~RAG~OO /U; ~f\ WATER POT~/ t 8.\THINU" POT WASHING YARV I'JKlTCHEN~' : IMPROVISEDI 10-6) 6·1 lJ I CLOTH,....-_-+ CRADL~ " ____ ': l ,I . OPEN LIVING SPACE I I t 11-0 • 14·~ I , t 1 IMPROVISED I DeLoTH C¥DU! t··--·--~.-- - --.. : II'," " ,t , , ,, . , ,,' '\, ,I I • , _.,: ..... __ •• _ ...... _ ... _ .. __ - _ .. _)I

Fig. 18. A typical house plan of an Agriculturist in Andhra Region MATERIAL OF WALL AND ROOF

GROUND P~"'N

::.~- .. ~- -"_ .----- ~------_ --- i",~o- _.. ~- .. -.. -..... --...... -...... :;t j '.. ~' I '-0 .., , , (O£VuNI GAOl) __ ...... ~Y~r:lR_Il~'!) _ ...... _ (KOllA..{) HOUSEH9LDGOi)- FRONT ~OOM - .. STorte !ROOH fRONT ELEvATION

, ,A.NGANAI1 I OR Gfl.Ii'JDING MUDAVI>. f STONE I

c DMIN

t----;_.-r=rt- :.-- I ~POUNDING HOLE , ~ (PAOA~A GADI) -- --.I" , B~O f\O~~" , A KOU,E SKUCH Of BRAHMTn! , 1-0 , '- , PEOAMANG"URAH VILLAGE - ,~ ------= CHEVELLA TAl\JK

HYOERAeAD IlISTRICT

[ (VAKILI) ~ (OPEN YARO) P 3's < ~ ~ ~ 58 ~ ~ < ~ ~ ~ < ~ q ~ w ;;. < ~ ~~ :::d: ~v ~ < e_v L, P

~

r b_

R. 0 A D

Fig. 19. House sketch of "Bhavanthi" in Telal1gana Region CHAPTER III

HOUSE PLAN OF A WASHERMAN in Gandhigramam of Visakhapatnam District

WALLS: MADE OF BRICKS & MUD ROOF: MADE OF THATCH

FRONT ELEVATION

r ~:: - .;_ ------... -:7f I " 8 0 .... I " 5·0 SHELF /' I " i.J: .,.- <0 ./ "" --u11 .... V~.o.-NDAH /' o ~ --g'" ", 2 ~ ~ Vl ~ I c: "::If \ ~ \ \ o "\ \ o \ LIVING ROOM LIVING RO'CM \ \

'------' \ o \ \ I ., \ / \ I '" \ I / \ ~------~ GROUND PLAN

Fig. 20. HouGe plan of a Washerman in Andhra Region MATERIAL OF WALL AND ROOF

IlESlbENTIAL !:lOUSE SKETCH OF A WASI;jERMAN in Devancheruvu of Rajahmundry Taluk 0( East Godavari District

Fj g. 21.-A typical house of a Washerman in East Godavari District of Coastal Andhra Region CHAPTER III

Fig. 22. Dome-shaped peculiar house type of a Basket maker in Rayalaseema Region

Fig. 23. A peculiar house type of a Cobbler in Rayalaseema Region

Fig.24. A typical house type of a Blacksmith in Rayalaseema Region MATERIAL OF WALL AND ROOF

A TYPICAL HOUSE SKETCH OF A TAILOR in Poreddivaripalle in MildanapaHe Taluk of Chittoor District

c(

t O, r;------==r--~ I 't- ' WOOd;;' , I OBox I : : [6 ~~:J~~ 1 I Chair ~ i

Cutting 110'I 1 Tat Mud Pot, with 10 1 0- Food Grains I \ Stone Pilla, I I I I I I Liv ing Room Mud Pots with I I Drinking Water 'I + lOt Door Grinding 0 I I · Stone 10 IPestle and I I • Mortar I : Verandah I Cooking and • Arrangement 1 I OYen 1 I ~ a;:D:;;.t,.:,.,~ ___.L.:'f- ___..:D=.J Stone MI.r_

c( , PLAN

I

ELEVATION

Fig, 25 A typical House sketch of a Tailer in Andhra Region. 9- 1 Census Andh.j 73 44 CHAP1'ER "' and Nalgonda districts the average number of rooms household exceeds two. in the case of urban areas, per household is more than 2. If 2 rooms per house­ West Godavari, Mahbubnagar, Hyderabad, Medak, hold is taken as a satisfactory norm for the adequacy Waraugal and Nalgonda districts recorded an average of accommodation then all the districts in the State ex· of more than 2 rooms per household. In all (j-th~t cept Hyde,abad and Nalgonda districts will have to he areas the average is below two. considered below the norm, The average number of rooms per household is equal tn or higher than the State 9. In Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam districts rural av~rage of 1.60 in the rural areas of East Goda· which have large Agency tracts, a large number of vari, West Godavari, Krishna, Guntur, Mahbubnagar. households occupy only one room each and hence the Hyderabad, Nizamabad, Warangal, Khammam and average numb~r of rooms per household is very low. Nalgonda districts. In the urban areas the average number of rooms per household is equal to or higher 10. In the cities of Eluru, Machilipatnam, Kur· than :the State urban average of 1.87 in the districts of noo1, Hyderabad and Warangal, a household 'has more East Godavari, West Godavari, Krishna, Mahbub· than two rooms on an average. nagar, Hyderabad, Medak, Warangal and Nalgonda. 11. The actual and percentage distribution of households. according to number of rooms occupied in 8. Iii the rural areas of only Hyderabad and Nal. ·the TotaVRuraljUrhan Areas of this State are given in galida districts the average number of rooms per the following statement. .

STATEMENT IV. 2 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS O('CUp!NG ONE TO FrVE ROOMS AND ABOVe AND THEIR PERCENTAGE TO ToTAL NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS IN TOTAL, R\]RAL AND URBAN AREAS OF ANDHRA PRADESH, 1970

Households wi th Households wth Househol ds wi th Households wi th Households with House- %to No.of %to I Room 2 Rooms ~ 4 Rooms 5 rooms and above holds tolal House. total T Total r----"----, r--A -_...., ,..-----,A.--., with No. of holdS NO'of It No. of No. of %to total No. of % to total r No. of % to to;;;1 IN~~]' No. of % to total unspe. House- with House U House­ House- No. of Hou,e- No. of House- No. of House- No. of House- No. of c[fled holds details holds holds holds House holds ~~~~~s holds House holds Hous. holds House No. of unsped. holds holds holds holds rooms fled ---=----~---c~--~~--~--~~--~----- (1) (2) (3) (4) (5' \6) (7) (8) (9' (10) (11) (12) !f(I3) (14) \15) {1_G} T 8,405,875 5,181,565 61. 64 2.064,445 24.56 644,310 7.66 284,755 3.39 227,785 2.71 20 N 2,995 0.04 R '6.}2~,155 4.3H,135 63.53 1,657,695 24.09 48U95 7.00 206,045 2.98 164,755 2.38 N 2,225 0:03 U 1,482,720 783,430 52.84 396750 26.76 160,015 10.79 78,710 5.31 63,030 4.25 15 N 770 O.O~

The mltp on ,the opposite page illustrates' the per· of 5.85 persons per household while Nellore district centage distribution of total households occupying one, has the lowest average size of 4.71 persons per house· two, three, four. \lnd more than four rooms in the dis- hold. tricts of the State. ' 14. The average size of the hous~hold according to 12. The proportion of households occupying one ,the number of rooms occupied by households in the room is higher in the rural areas than in urban areas. State is as follows: About two-thirds of the households in the rural areas Average size of household occupy only one room as against the corresponding ,-- _____.,,_____-, proportion of slightly more than 50% in the. urban No. of rooms occupied _ Total Rural areas. The proportion of households occupymg two Urban rooms, or three rooms Or four rooms or five and (I) (2) (3) (4) more ~ooms is higher. in mban areas than in rural All Households 4.99 4.94 5.25 areas. The high .. proportioli of households living. in Single room 4.50 4.50 4.51 one room in rural areas indicates that accommodatIOn Two Rooms 5.34 5.30 5.51 in rural areas in some inadequate than in the urban Three Rooms 6.11 6.09 6.17 reas. Four Rooms 6.63 6.54 6.86 Average Number of Persons per Household Five and more Rooms 7.61 7.35 8.27 13. The total number of 8,405,875 households in the State have an average of 4.99 persons per house·· The above Statement shows tha,t the average size hold. In the rural areas of the State the average size of the household incnas::il with the increase in tbe . of the household is 4.94 persons per household while number of rooms occupied by the household . in urban areas the average size of the household works Average ~ize of h(J'IIsehold~ liviDgj in one out to 5.25 persons per household. Among the dis­ room tricts, Hyderabad district has the highest average size... 15. The average size of 5,181,565 households liv· of 5.65 persons per household while East Godavari ing in single rooms works out to 4. 50 persons per house. district has the lowest average size of 4.73 persons per hold in the State as a whole and 4.50 persons in the household. In the rural portions, Anantapur district rural areas and 4.51 persons in the urban areas. Among has the highest average size of 5.40 persons per house­ the districts Anantapur diSitrict has the highest average hold while Visakhapatnam district has the lowest ave· size of 4.96 persons per household while West' Godavari rage size of 4.63 persons per household. In the urban district has the lowest average si~e of 4.04 persons areas, Hyderabad district has the bighest average size per hOtlsehold. . , ""

ANDHRA PRADESH

PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS OCCUPYING ONE, TWO. THREE, FOUR AND MORE THAN FOUR ROOMS 1971.

STATE BOUNO ... -''I' _._ OI~TP.ICT aOUNOoHy _._

KILOMETRES n :n '4 96 III 160 191 ,,' A s 10' I oD' ,D" ! ]1 64 " III MilES I

'S . A

01,1'" i

. 00'" "

BAY OF" BEN G A I.

TOTAL NO. OF HOVSEHOLCS HOUSEHOLDS LIYIIiG IN

I 650,(l~O .,. D , "OCH /~mm D 1 "'0115 2 _.-\,.". rl [J . ..1 TAMIL NADU D. ."00 ' . .- ~. .' .' .- MORE T~ f lOOHS ,' ,,' II' ...... •... W'" .i 00' D STATE AVERAGE I(NOT TO SCALE 1 i I I

..... ~~~.. -~~ HOUSEHOLDS AND NUMBER OF ROOMS OCCUPIED 4S

Average size of hous~hold5 living in two rooms Number of persons per room in the State 20. There are 3.03 persons per room in the State . 16. The average size of 2,064,445 households liv­ as a whole while in the rural areas there are 3.09 per­ ing in two-room houses in the State is 5.34 persons per sons per room and 2.80 persons per rO?ID in the ur· household. The average size of household~ occupymg ban -areas. Srikakulam district has the hIghest number two rooms in the rural areas of the State IS 5)0 ~nd of 4.04 persons per room in the State while NalgQnda it is 5.51 in the urban areas. Among t~e dlstncts, district has the smallest number of 2.31 persons per Anantapur district has the highest averag~ Sl~ of 6.00 room. Among the rural areas also Srikakulam dis­ persons per household while Nalgonda dlstrIct has t~e trict has the highest number of 4. 12 persons per room lowest average size of 5.02 persons per household In while Nalgonda has the lowest number of 2.31 per­ this category of households. Among the ur:ban areas, sons per room. Among the urban areas also Srikaku­ Anantapur district has the highest average. sl~e ~f 6.00 lam district with 3.51 persons per room and Nalgonda persons per household while West GodavarI dlstnct has district with 2. 28 persons per room have the highest . the lowest size of 4.94 persons per household. and smallest number of persons per room respectively in the State. This shows that Srikakulam district has Average size· of households ,jving in three Irooms more congestion of accommodation than Nalgonda dis. trict in terms of average number of petsons per tOOnl 17. The average size of 644,310 households living occupied by the households. The c?ngestio!l ?f a~­ ill in 3-room houses in th e State is 6.11 persons per ~ou~e­ commodation in the State as well as all dlstncts IS hold. The average size of the house~old of this SIze very high in respect of households living in one room class in the .rural areas of the State IS 6.09 persons than in households living in more than one room. The congestion gradually decreases as the number of rOoms while the average size in urban a~ea~ is 6. 17 pe~sons. Among the districts, AnanUipur dlstnct has the hIgh~st QIOCupied by the househol~ _inc~eases and is the lpwest average size of 6.99 persons per hous.ehold whIle in respect of households hVlllg 1ll five and more rOQms. Guntur district has the lowest average SIze of 5.54 persons per household. In the urban areas, Hyderabad Av~ numbtr of pfl'SlOns per room in hoo~lds district has the highest average size of 6.79 persons Jiving in OIlle l,()Om per household while NeHore district has the lowest average size of 5.41 persons per household. 21. Among the households living in one room there are 4.50 persons per room on an average in the State, the rural and urban average figures being 4.50 Average size of households livIDg in four rooms persons and 4.51 persons per rOom respectively. Ananta­ pur district has the highest number of 4,96 persons 18. There are 284,755 households in the State oc­ per room while West Godavari district has the smallest cupying 4 rooms each and the average size of these number of 4.04 persons per rnom. In the urban areas. households is 6. 63 persons per household. In the rural Anantapur district has the highest number of 5.17 per­ areas of the S1ate the average is 6.54 persons per sons per room in this category of households while household while in the urban areas the average is 6.86 West Godavari dig,trict has the smallest number of persons per household. Among t~e districts, Anantapur 4.08 persons per room. district has the highest average SIze of 7.72 persons per household while Guntur district has the lowest aver­ Average number of persons p,er room in houst'ho}ds acre size of 5.82 persons per household. In the urban living illl four rooms a~eas, Hyderabad district has the highest average size of 7.74 persons per household while Adilabad district 22. Among the households living in two rooms has the lowest average size of 5.37 persons per house­ there are on an average 2.67 persons per room. In the hold. rural areas of the State the average works out to 2.65 persons per room while in urban areas the average is Average size of householdS living in five or more rooms 2.75 persons per room. Among the districts, Ananta­ pur district has the highest proportion of 3.00 persons per room while Nalgonda district has the lowest propor­ 19. There are 227,785 hous.eholds living in five or tion of 2.51 persons per room. In East Godavari, \rUll­ more rooms each and the average size of these house­ tur and West Godavari districts also the average num­ holds is 7.61 'persons per: hnusehold. The State rural be[ of persons per room is low, being 2.52 persons average in this category of households works out to in the former two districts and 2.53 persons in West 7.35 persons per household while the average size in Godavari district. In the urban areas Anantapur dis­ the urban areas is 8.27 p~rsons per household. Among trict has the highest proportion of 3.07 persons oer the districts, Hyderabad district has the higJ:est average room and West Godavari district bas the lowest pro. size of 9.13 persons per household whde Ongole portion of 2.47 persons per room. The only oth~r diiit­ district has the lowest average size of 6.45 persons per rict in which the average number of persons per room household. In the urban areas also Hyderabad district in households with two rooms in the urban ar~as is les~ has the hi!!hest average size of 9.75 persons per house· than 2.50 i~ Nalgonda. In the urban areas of all the hold while- Nellore district has the lowest average size other districts the av~rage is more 2 SO persons per of 6.59 persons per household, fOQUl. '46 CHAPTER IV

Average number of persoos per roOm in the households number of 1.46 persons per foom. The urban areas living in three rooms of Hyderabad district have the highest number of 1.94 persons per room while Adilabad district has the 23. There are on an average 2.04 persons per smallest number of 1.34 persons per room. room in the State among the households living in 3 rooms. In the rural areas the average works out to 2,03 A\'t!rage nom,ber of pers~ per rorun in households persons per room while in urban area~ th.e average is livillg in five 3Illd mOre rooms 2.06 persons per room. Among the dlstncts Ananta­ pur district has the highest number of 2.33 persons per 25. Among the households living in five and more room while Nalgonda district has the smallest number fooms there are on an average 1.20 persons per room of 1.86 persons per room. In the urban areas. Hyd,er. in the State. In the rural areas the average is 1.15 abad district has the highest proportion of 2.26 persons persons per room while in the urban areas it is 1.31 per room while Nellore district has lowest propor· persons per room. Among the districts, Hyderabad tion of 1.80 persons per room. district has the largest average number of l.4S persons per room while Ongole (Prakasam) district has the Average number of persons pet room in housl!holds smallest number of 0.97 persons per room. In the urban living in foor rooms areas, Hyderabad district has the highest proportion of 1.55 persons per room while Ongole (Prakasam) dis­ 24. There are on an averacre 1.66 persons per room trict has the smallest number of 0.98 persons per in the State among the households living in 4 ~ooms. room. The rural average is 1.64 persons per foom w~11e. the urban average is 1.72 persons. Among the dlstncts, 26. The following stat.ement gives the distribution Anantapur district has the highest number of 1.93 per- of I.O_OO households accordmg to the number of rooms sons per room while Guntur district has the smallest occupIed both for 1970 and 1960. , STATEMENt IV.3

No. of households per 1,000 of total households occuP)ing r-~---·------~ State/District One Two Three Four Five Of""' Room Rooms Rooms Rooms more Rooms

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

ANDHRA PRADESH • 1970 616 246 77 34 27 1960 645 222 71 33 29

Sriklklliam • 1970 870 102 19 6 3 1960 894 83 15 5 3

Vi sakhapatnam 1970 863 101 21 8 7 1960 880 87 17 8 8

Bast Godavari 1970 535 297 81 46 41 1960 520 294 84 51 , 51

West Godavari 1970 512 316 86 44 42 1960 518 301 86 50 45 83 37 Krishna 1970 589 266 25 1960 600 242 81 44 33 107 Guntur 1970 535 271 50 37 1960 460 295 123 65 57

Ongole(Prakasam)'" 1970 670 210 70 27 23 1960 NA* 48 18 Nellore 1970 754 164 16 1960 706 190 61 22 2]

Chittoor 1970 723 182 55 23 17 1960 759 160 48 20 13 49 15 Cuddapah 1970 740 187 9 1960 754 180 45 14 7 63 Anantapur 1970 661 234 24 18 1960 690 209 60 23 18 71 24 Kurnoo1 1970 639 249 17 1960 712 197 56 20 1,

'O:l'ple{Prak'l.sam) dhtrict was Ciln~fjtuted in Febrllary 1970 and hence figures for 1960 are not available. HOUSEHOLDS AND NUMBER OF ROOMS OCCUPIED 47 STATEMENT IV. 3-Concld.

No. of households PCi' lOQO of lotal households occupying ,------"- Scat'o/Di,' rjc~. One Two Thrc'C Four Five or Room Rooms Rooms Rooms more Rooms --_ ------(l) ----- (2) (3) \4) (5) (6) Mahb1lbnagar 1970 499 302 10:' 46 50 1960 515 284 102 44 55 Hyderabad 1970 432 295 137 73 63 1960 447 280 132 71 70 Medak 1970 480 312 124 52 32 1960 574 260 96 43 27 Nizamabad ' 1970 546 319 82 32 21 1960 614 265 69 32 20

Adilaliad 1970 615 283 65 26 11 1960 768 174 36 13 9 Karimnagar 1970 617 285 64 24 10 1960 754 183 40 14 9 Warangal 1970 501 318 114 43 24 1960 622 250 81 30 17 Khammam . 1970 597 286 66 25 26 1960 619 272 60 26 23 Nalgonda 1970 429 307 131 66 67 1960 521 281 103 49 46

27, For the State as a whole the proportion of was observed in 1960 also when the urban areas of Gun­ households occupying one room and 5 or more rOoms tur and Nalgonda districts recorded a lower proportion has decreased in 1970 compared to 1960, The propor­ cf households o:;cupying 3 rooms or more than the tion of households occupying one room has decreased corresponding rural proportion. This phenomena was in 1970 compared to the proportion of 1960 in all the explained in the 1961 Housing Rep()lft as due to better RayalaseeIJ1a and Telangana districts and in Srikakulam, developed and prosperous rural areas of Guntur district Visakhapatnam, West Godavari, Krishna districts of and the very large number of single-roomed temporary Coastal Andhra, The decrease is more marked in labour dwellings in Vijayapuri of Nalgonda district oc­ Rayalaseema and Telangana districts with a corres­ cupied by the huge number of labourers engaged in the ponding increase in the proportion of households oc­ construction of Nagarjunasagar project. With the com­ cupying 2 rooms. A very high proportion of house­ pletion of the Nagarjunasagar Dam and the consequent holds occupying one room is observed both in 1960 and disbandment of a huge number of labourers and other 1970 in Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam districts ob­ staff living in these temporary labour dwellings most viously due to the backwardness of the rural parts of of them have fallen vacant or ceased to exist. Further. these two dis.tricts, and the large number of thatched Vijayapuri has been split up into Vijayapuri North huts in these areas in which it is difficult to have more and South, the latter being included in Guntur district. than one room. The proportion of houseolds occupying Hence, the proportion flf households occupying 3 rooms 3 rooms increased from 7,1 % in 1960 to 7 ,7% in 1970 or more in the urban areas of Nalgonda is higher in at the State level. There has been an increase in the pro­ 1970 than the rural proPortion unlike in 1960. What portion of such households in all the districts ex,~ept was stated about the rural areas of Guntu~ district in East Godavari, W~st Godavari, Guntur and Nellore with the 1961 Housing Report holds good even in 1970 to significant increase in Kumoo!, Medak, Adilabad, War­ a larger extent. The Nagarjunasagar Canals have angal and Nalgonda distriots, made large tracts of some of the dry and 28, The proportion of households occupying 3 upland taluks of Guntur district very fertile and pros­ rooms or more is 138 per 1,000 households in 1970 perous, Hence it should not be surprising to find that compared to 133 per 1,000 households in 1960. The the proportion of households occupying 3 rooms or proportion of such households ranges from only 28 per more is 203 p~r 1,000 households in the rural areas 1,000 househo~ds in Srikakulam district to 273 per 1,000 of the Guntur district compared to the corresponding households in Hyderabad district. The proportion of proportion of only 163 per 1,000 households in the such households in the urban areas of the State is 203 urban areas of the district. per 1,000 households which is considerably higher than the corresponding Tural proportion of 124 per 1,000 29. From what has been stated in the last para, it households. The urban proportion is higher than the would be reasonable tOo assume that the variations in cOT"esponding rural proportion in all the districts of the proportion of households occupying 3 rooms 01 the State except in Guntur district. A similar situation more in the districts may partly be due to the varying 7-1 C~n~us Andhral73. 48 CHAPTER IV

proportion of urban population in the districts. Also STATEMENT IV. 4-Concfd. the common types of houses in the districts may have some relation to the proportion of households living in 3 rooms or more. It is a known fact that there is greater Propor- Propor- Percen- tion of tion of tage of scope for having a larger number of rooms in pucca Sl. households PUCCa Urban constructions than in houses with thatched roofs. The No. Statel occupying houses popula- following statement gives the proportion of households District 3 rooms for 1000 tion to occupying 3 rooms or more per 1,000 househoids, the or more total total po- for 1000 houses pulation proportion of pucca houses (made of durable wall and households roof materials p~r 1.000 total houses and the proportion of urban population to total popUlation for the State ._---- and each district. (1 ) (2) (3) (4) (5) STATEMENT IV. 4 18 Karimnagar 98 155 10.72 19 Waraugal 181 188 13.43 Pio}JJr- Propor- Percen. 20 Khammam . 117 130 13.59 tion of tion of tage of households Pucca Urban 21 Na1gonda 265 74 6.69 Sl. State/ occupying houses popula- No. District 3 foams for 1000 tion to or more total total po- 30. It will be seen from the above statement that for 1000 houses pulation by and large the higher proportion of households occu­ households pying 3 rooms or more is associated with relatively higher proportion of pucca houses and a higher pro­ (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) portion of urban population. Hyderabad district which ------.-.~-- .. ~----.~ has the highest proportion of 273 per lOOO households ANDHRA PRADESH 138 203 19.31 occupying 3 rooms or more and has also the highest 1 Srikakulam 28 158 10.65 proportion of 566 pucca houses per 1000 houses and the 2 Visakhapatnam 36 186 22.30 highest proportion of 65.88% urban population. The 3 East Godavari 168 309 19.23 lowest proportion of households occupying 3 rooms or 4 West Godavari 173 190 17.71 more which is 28 per 1000 households in Srikakulam 5 Krishna 144 198 district is associated with a low proportion of pucca 27.25 houses and very low proportion of urban population. 6 Guntur 194 260 24.98 Of course, a one-,(o-one correspondence in all the thrp.e 7 Ongole (Prakasam) 120 248 11.07 characteristics in the above statement does not exist 8 Nellore 82 149 15.77 in all the districts For example, in Mahbubnagar and 9 Chittoor 95 219 13.45 Nalgonda districts, which have a low proportion of 10 Cuddapah 73 103 14.18 urban population of less than 9% each and an equally 11 Anantapur 105 89 17.77 low proportion of pucca houses, the proportion of 12 Kurnool III 72 20.30 households occupying 3 rooms or more is high because 13 Mahbubnagar 199 107 8.97 of the common type of' houses found in these districts 14 Hyderabad . 273 566 65.88 which though made of mud roofs generally have a first floor over the ground floor. 15 Medak 207 233 8.51 16 Nizamabad . 135 277 15.94 31. The following statement gives the distribution 17 Adilabad 101 192 15.92 of 1000 households according to number of rooms oc­ cupied in each city both in ]970 and 1960.

STATEMENT IV. 5

No. of households per 1000 total household. occupying I --, City One Two Three Four Five or more Room Rooms Rooms Rooms Rooms

~---- (I) (2) (3 ) (4) (5) (6)

Visakhapatnam 1970 682 208 56 30 24 1960 682 188 62 31 37 Kakinada 1970 483 301 108 59 49 1960 400 300 130 76 94 Rajahmundry 1970 607 261 74 35 23 1960 446 314 118 57 65 Eluru . 1970 428 309 144 64 55 1960 473 275 133 58 61 Mlchi Iipatnam (BandaI') 1970 408 298 137 89 68 _- 1960 386 243 153 104 114 HOUSEHOLDS AND NUMBER OF ROOMS OCCUPIED 49 STATEMENT IV. 5-Concld.

No. of households per 1000 tOlal households occupying ,..._ .A. __~ Cjty One Two Three Four Five Room Rooms Rooms Rooms or more Rooms

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

Vijayawada 1970 564 25) 109 42 30 1960 575 233 112 48 32 Guntur 1970 630 210 86 AO 34 1960 527 241 112 60 60 Nellore 1970 608 195 101 43 53 1960 610 150 93 60 87 Kurnool 1970 420 252 185 81 62 1960 419 252 155 78 96 Hyderaoad (Municipal Corporation.). 1970 430 295 133 76 66 1960 458 269 127 73 73 Nizamabad . 1970 512 291 112 49 36 1960 569 271 86 44 30 VVarangal . 1970 326 351 191 84 48 1960 370 360 165 66 39

32. It is seen from the above statement that there STATEMBNT IV. 6

is no significant change in the pattern of distribution of - --.-~---~.- households a,':;cording tOo the number of rooms occupied Proportion of Propor· Percent- in 1970 compared to 1960 in most of the cities. In Households tion of age of Rajahmundry city, however, the proportion of house· City occupyinj! 3 Pucca workers holds occupying one room has increased from about rooms or houses in cate- more per per gories 45 % in 1960 to the very high proportion of nearly 61 % ICOO total 1000 V(b) , in 1970. In view of the fast that the proportion of households Total VI, VII, pucca houses is as high as 63% in Rajahmundry house£ &VIII city, the high proportion of households occupying one to total popula- room can only be due to acute housing shortage. "The tion increase in the proportion of households occupying one r-~.A_..-, room is also significant in the case of Guntur city 1970 1960 1970 1970 though it is not as high as in the case of Rajahmundry city. The proportion of pucca houses is about 49% (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) of the total houses in Guntur city, which means that more than 50% of the houses are thatched houses or Visakhapatnam 110 130 508 17.32 are not made of durabie wall and roof materials. Fur­ Kakinada 216 300 573 15.85 ther, in the case of both Rajabmundry and Guntur cities, Rajahmundry 132 240 627 21.79 there may be greater demand for one room portions by Eluru 263 252 485 17.23 the large number of students or small families in view Machilipatnam (Bandaf). 294 371 520 15.73 of the good educational facilities in tbese two places. Vijayawada 181 192 548 22.34 Other reasons are diSocussed in the next few paragraphs. 160 In Eluru, Hyderabad, Nizamabad and Warangal cities Guntur 232 486 22 99 there has been a significant decrease in the proportion Nellore 197 240 439 17.81 of households occupying one room and a corresponding Kurnool 328 329 360 15.60 increase in the proportion of households occupying 2 Hyderabad 275 273 736 17.13 rooms or more. Nizamabad 197 160 554 20.66 Warangal 323 270 650 17.18 33. The proportion of households occupying 3 -----_.- rooms or more per 1,000 households, the proportion of Industrial Category: pucca house per 1.000 houses aind the percentage of workers in Industrial categories V-(b), VI, VII and VlII V(b) .. Manufa~turing, Processing, Servicing and RepalTS-Dther tban Housepold Industry to total population are given for each dty in the VI ., Construction following statement. The proportion of households oc­ cupying 3 room.s or more per 1,000 households is given VII .. Trade and Commerce both for 1970 and 1960 for purposes of comparison. VIII " Transport ,Storage and Communications so CHAPTER IV 34. It is observed from the above statement that holds occupying 3 rooms or more, All the same the the proportion of households occupying 3 rooms or proportion of pucca houses alone does not determiqe more has decreased in all the cities in 1970 compared the proportion of households occupying, 3 rooms or to 1960 except in ElUfu, Hyderabad, Warangai more. It is one of the factors. When the proportion and Nizamabad, but the increase in the of workers in industry, construction, trade and com­ proportion of such households in these three merce in the cities are considered, it will be seen cities also is not very significant. This i.s of that Raiahmundry, Vijayawada, Guntur and Nizamabad a very small order except in the case of Nizamabad whj,:;h have a proportion of about 20% or more workers city where the proportion has been gone up from 16% in these industrial categories, have a relatively 100w pro­ in 1960 to about 20% in 1970. The proportion of fucca portion of households occupying 3 rooms or mOre i.e., houses in all the cities is fairly high. It is less than 50% the proportion of households occupying one or 2 rooms of the total number of houses only in Eluru, Guntur, in such· cities which are more developed industrially Nellore and Kurnool Cities. In Eluru and Guntur the Of commercially is higher while the less indus­ proportion is very close to 50% while in Kurnool it is trially or commercially developed cities have a larger only 36%. Yet, the proportion of households occupy­ proportion of households with 3 rooms or more. ing 3 rooms or more is the highest (32.8 %) in Kurnool city. 35. Apart from the cammon type of kachcha 36. The average size of a household has increased houses with mud roofs which have first floor over the from 4.79 in 1960 to 4.94 persons in 1970 in the rural ground floor in Kurnool city, the proportion of workers areas of the State and from 5.00 to 5.25 persons in in manufacturing, construction, trade and transport, put the urban areas as can be seen from the fOJllowing state­ together is the lowest compared to the corresponding ment. It may alsOl be noted that the average size proportion in other cities of the State. Waranga1 city of a household increased from 4.72 in 1951 to 4.79 which has the second highest proportion of 32.3 % of persons in 1961 in the rural areas and from 4.90 in households occupying 3 rooms or more has a very high 1951 to 5.00 persons in 1961, in the urban areas of proportion of 65 % of pucca houses which is the second the State. Thus the increase in the average size of a highest proportion of pucca houses in all the cities, the household both in the rural and urban areas during highest being 73.6% in Hyderabad city. Hyderabad 1960-70 has been higher compared to the increase dur­ city also bas a high proportion of 27.5% of house- ing 1951-61. STATEMENT IV. 7 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT SHOWING THE AVERAGE SIZE OF A HOUSEHOLD IN 1960 AND 1970 -_... _-----_._-- AVERAGE SIZE OF A HOUSEHOLD )'lt~JD:s1rict ,------"------'--_._._--_._-_.-, Rural Urban , ____Total..A. ____ , (------"'-----, ,-----"------, 1960* 1970 1960* 1970 1960* 1970

0) (2 ) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

A'NDHRA PRADESH 4.79 4.94 5_00 5.25 4.82 4.99 Srik;1kulam 4.55 4.71 4.72 5.08 4.57 4.75 Visakhapltmm 4.45 4.63 4.89 5.28 4.51 4.75 East GJdavari 4.73 4.69 4.98 4.94 4.77 4.4'3 West Godavari 4.68 4.74 4.86 4.93 4.71 4,77 Krishna 4.67 4.85 4.78 5.03 4.70 4.89 Guntur 4.68 4.84 4.74 4.89 4.69 4.85 Owple(Pnk'nam) N.A. 5.05 N.A. 4.19 NA. 5.03 Netlore 4.82 4.76 4.47 4.71 4.78 4.76 Chittoor . 4.97 5.04 5.08 5.19 4.98 5.06 Cuddal'ah 4.91 4.99 5.2S 5.25 4.95 5.03 Amntapur 5.21 5.40 5.26 5.78 5.22 5.46 Kurnool . 4.94 5.25 5.15 5.37 4.98 5.28 Mlhbubn'lgar . 4.87 5.11 5.27 5.41 4.90 5.14 Hyderabad . 5.26 5.32 5.44 5.85 5.36 5.65 Medak 5.04 5.18 5.10 5.33 5.05 5,20 Nizamabad 4.60 4.87 5.04 5.15 4.66 4.92 A1ilabad 4.70 5.00 4.72 4.86 4.70 4.98 Kuimnagar 4.76 4.82 4.97 5.08 4.77 4.84 Warangal 5.00 5.00 5.02 5.37 5.00 5.05 Khammam 4.91 5.23 4.57 4.87 4.87 5.18 Nl1gonda. 4.73 4.% 4.62 5.01 4.72 4.97 ._----- "'The 1960 average figures relate to th~ dis:ricts as they c {(std in 195). 0 19o1e (Prakasam) di strict was formed in February 1970 and hence figures for 1960 are not available. N. A. : Not available HOUSEHOLDS ~ AND NUMBER ()F ROOMS OCCUPIED 51 37. An increase in the average size of a household districts, which may partly be responsible for the small is noticed in the rural areas of all the districts except decrease in the average size of a household in the rural in East Godavari, Nellore and Warangal districts. In areas of these two districts. It may alsO' be noted here Warangal district the average size remained unchanged that in rest of the urban areas, East Godavari is the at 5.00 persons, while in East GOdavari and Nellore only district which recorded a slight decrease in the districts the average size has decreased slightly. In average size ()if a household from 4.98 persons in 1960 these two districts, the urban population increased to 4.94 in 1970. This small decrease in the average size very significantly during 1961-71 compared to of a household is the likely result of a large number 1951-61. While the rates of increase in urban popula­ of single member households or small-sized households tion were about 5% and 10% in East Godavari that had emigrated from the rural areas of the district and Nellore districts respel~tively during 1951-61, the to the urban areas. corresponding rates of increase during 1961-71 were roughly 23 % and 26 %. These figures indicate that in 38. The foll()iWing statement gives the average size these two districts there was considerable emigration of of a household in each category of households classified people from the rural areas to the urban areas of the by the number of rooms, for 1960 and 1970.

STATEMENT IV. 8 AVERAGE SIZE OF HOUSEHOLD IN DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF HOUSEHOLDS CLASS!F[ED BY NUMBER OF ROOMS OCCUPIED All Households One Room Two Rocms State r-----,A.._---, r-----"-----, r------"----, 1960 1970 1960 1970 1960 1970 (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

ANDHRA PRADESH T 4.82 4.99 4_39 4.50 5.14 S.34 R 4.79 4.94 4.42 4.50 5.13 5.30 U 5.00 5.25 4.24 4.51 5.18 5.51

STATEMENT IV. &-Concld.

Three Rooms Four Room' FiYe Room~ or more State r------,A.._---, r----"----, r--""-----, 1960 1970 1960 1970 1960 1970 (I) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) ANDHRA PRADESH T 5.88 6.11 6.49 6.63 7.41 7.61 R 5.89 6.09 6.43 6.54 7.21 7.35 U 5.87 6.17 6.66 6.86 7.91 8.27

39. It is observed from the above statement that 40. Considering individual districts, it is observed there is considerable variation in the average size of a that the average size of a household in different cate­ household in the different categories of hous,eholds gories of households according to number of rooms classified by the number of rooms. The household size occupied is higher generally than the State average in increases from category to category in the order the Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam districts of Coastal number of rooms occupied by the households increase. Andtra, all the 4 Rayalaseema districts, and Hyder­ A similar pattern is observed both in the rural and ur­ abad, Adilabad and Khammam districts of Telangana. ban areas of the State. The smallest average size of tn respect of households occupying 3 rooms or more, 4.50 persons per household is found in households oc­ the average size of a household is higher also in Medak, cupying one room and the largest average of 7.61 per­ Nizamabad and Warangal districts. The average size sons per household is recorded in households occupying of a household is higher generally in the urban areas 5 rooms or more, the average sizes lying in between of many districts in all categories of households. How­ these two figures in the intermediate categories of ever, the average size of a hous~hold in households oc­ households. The average size of a household in each cupying one room is slightly lower in the urban areas category of household is higher in the urban areas than than the average size in the rural areas in Guntur. the corresponding rural average. The trend in the varia­ Ongole (Prakasam) and Nellore districts in Coastal tion of the average size of a household in different Andhra, Chitto or and Kurnool districts in Rayalaseema categories of households according to' number of rDoms and in all the Telangana districts except Hyderabacl. occupied in 1960 also was identical in the rural and Similarly in the case of households in the other catego­ urban areas of the State. However, the average size of ries. the average size of a household in the urban a household has increased slightly in 1970 in each cate­ areas is smaller than that in the rural areas in a few gory of households both in the rural and urban areas districts. There is no distinct pattern about the rural of the State compared to the position in 1960. and urban household sizes in different categories CHAPTER iV of households aocording to number of rooms East Godavari district to 5·65 persons in Hyderabad occupied in the districts. All the same the average district while in different categories of households ac­ size of a household in almost all the categories of cording to number of rooms the average size of a households is lower in the urban areas than in the household varies between 4.04 persons in households rural areas in all the Rayalaseema districts and many of occupying one room in West Godavari district to 9.13 the Telangana districts, excluding Hyderabad district. persons in households occupying 5 rooms or more in The urban areas of these districts have not developed Hyderabad district. The variation in household size in the matter of educational. medical and other faci­ between districts is not marked in the case of house­ lities to the same extent as the urban areas of other dis­ holds occupying one or two rooms but fairly high in tricts, to attract considerable population from the nei­ the other three categories of households. For example, ghbouring rural areas. Further there seems to be "grea­ the average size of a household in households with one ter adherence to jomt family system in (the rural areas room varies from 4.04 persons in West Godavari dis­ of) theSe districts com'pared to the other districts" as trict to 4.96 persons in Anantapur district while in was pointed out in the 1961 Census Housing Report in the case of households with 5 rooms or more, it varies view of the relatively large average size of a household from 6.45 persons in Ongole district to 9. 13 persons in these districts. The average siz~ of a household in in Hyderabad district. these districts continues to be relatively higher ~ven now in these districts. 42. The following statement gives the average SlZ<.: of a household in different categories of households ac- 41. The average size of a household, considering all cording to number of rooms occupied in each city in categories of househo,lds, ranges from 4.73 persons in 1960 and 1970. STATEMENT IV.9

AVERAGE SIZE QF A HOUSEHOLD OCCUPYING ~------~ ------~ eity All House- One Two Three Four Five holds Room Rooms Rooms Rooms Rooms or more

( 1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Visakbapatnam 1960 S.OO 4.49 5.60 6.26 6.62 7.81 1970 5.56 5.19 6.10 6.67 6.60 7.64

Ka.ldnada 1960 5.45 4.20 5.30 6.52 7.38 8.17 1970 5.07 4.34 5.23 5.93 6.67 7.54

aajahmundry 1960 4.79 3.94 4.85 5.50 6.40 7.64 1970 5.06 4.59 5.44 6.02 6.38 8.03

Eluru . 1960 4.70 3.86 4.71 5.34 6.54 7.96 1970 5.14 4.32 5.08 6.02 6.64 7.90

[\hchiliDatnam (Bandar) 1960 5.05 3.95 4.82 5.63 6.25 7.37 1970 5.05 4.18 5.01 5.59 6.24 7.61

Vijayawada . 1960 4.66 4.07 4.97 5.47 6.18 7.73 1970 5.03 4.41 5.40 6.04 6.67 7.73

Guntur 1960 4.84 4.07 5.21 5.56 6.19 7.42 1970 4.97 4.36 5.59 6.06 6.50 7.94 Nellore . 1960 4.49 3.91 4.73 5.04 5.61 6.80 1970 4.77 4.21 5.30 5.54 6.20 6.58

Kurnool 1960 5.28 4.54 5.41 5.92 6.07 6.47 1970 5.57 4.79 5.83 5.95 6.63 7.29

Hyderabad (M.e.) 1960 5.45 4.13 5.49 6.53 7.57 9.66 1970 5.88 4.58 5.99 6.86 7.72 9.80

NiZamlbad . 1960 5.09 4.14 5.73 6.70 7.80 8.93 1970 5.26 4.39 5.60 6.39 7.27 8.54

Warangal 1960 5.15 4.24 5.17 5.98 6.96 6.97 1970 5.43 4.37 5.36 5.99 6.79 8.25

M. e. : MUnicip;:l Cor~OJatjon HOUSEHOLDS AND NUMBER OF ROOMS OCCUPIBD S3 43. It is seen from the above statement that the 4.76 persons in 1970. The highest overall average of average size of a household has increased in 1970 com­ 5.45 persons per household was recorded both by Kaki· pared to the size in 1960 in all the cities except in Kaki­ nada and Hyderabad in 1960 while in 1970 the highest nada where there has been a slight decline in the average figure of 5.88 persons is observed in Hyderabad, Kaki­ size. In this city only in the case of households occupy­ .11ada registering a slight decline in the average size ing one room has the average size of a household in­ of a household in 1970 as stated already. Considering creased in 1970 compared to 1960, while in all other the average household size in different categories of categories of households there had been a decline. households according to number of rooms occupi­ Households with one room constitute only 48 % of the ed in 1970 the smallest average size of 4.21 persons is households in this city. In the remaining categories of found ill Nellore city in households with one room households constituting 52 % of all the households the while the highest average size of 9.80 persons is reo average size decreased with resulting in a slight de­ ;:orded : Il h~iJseholds with five or more rooms in cline in the overall average size of a household in the Hyderabad city. The corresponding figures in 1960 city. Nizamabad is the only other city in the State were 3.86 persons per household in households with one where the average size of a household declined in 1970 room in Eluru city and 9.60 persons per household compared to 1960 in households occupying 2, 3, 4 or 5 \n households with 5 or more rooms in Hyderabad city. or more rooms while there was an increase in the aver­ The variations in household size between different cate­ age size of the household in households with one room. gories of households according to number of rooms oc· But the difference between Kakinada and Nizamabad cupied in districts or cities are mainly due to the dif· is that the overall average size of a household declined ferences in the distribution of households in districts or in the former whereas it increased in the latter cities, which have been discussed earlier. city because households with one room constitute more than 50% af all the house­ 44. The following statement indicates the number holds in tnat city. The smallest over­ of persons per room in households of different catego­ all average size of a household is recorded in Nellore ries for the total, rural and urban areas of the State city both in 1960 and 1970-4.49 persons in 1960 and both in 1960 and 1970. STATEMENT IV. 10 NO. OF PBR.SONS PER ROOM IN HOUSEHOLDS OCC,UPYING r---' All One Two Three Four Five or more Households Room Rooms Rooms Rooms Rooms (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) ANDHRA PRADESH T 1960 2.95 4.39 2.57 1.96 1.62 1.08 1970 3.03 4.50 2.67 2.04 1.66 1.20 R 1960 3.05 4.42 2.57 1.96 1.61 1.05 1970 3.09 4.50 2.65 2.03 1.64 1.15 U 1960 2.54 4.24 2.59 1.96 1.67 l.15 1970 2.80 4.51 2.75 2.06 1.72 1.31

45· It is observed that the number of persons per in the total, rural and urban areas of the State. A room has increased slightly in 1970 in all categories similar situation exis ts in almost all the districts of the of households compared to the position in 1960. Con­ State. Sidering 2 persons per room as a satisfactory reason of accommodation, it was stated in the 1961 Census Hous. No. of pet.sollS pel room ito cities witb population ing Report that both in the rural and urban areas of the 1 lakb or over State there was overcrowding in households occupying I and 2 rooms and that the situation was satisfactory 46. The following statement gives the number of in households with 3 or more rooms. In 1970, how- persons per room in the households occupying different ever, overcrowding is observed in households with three number of rooms in each of the class I citie.<> in Andhra rooms also while the average number of persons per Pradesh. The statement also provides corresp

STATEMENT IV. ll-Concld.

NUMBER OF PERSONS PER ROOM IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF HOUSEHOLDS IN ClTIES IN ANDHRA PRADESH IN 1960 A!'ID 1970

NO. OF PERSONS FER ROOM IN HOUSEHOLDS OCCUPYU,G City ,------~~------~ All One Two Three Four Five or Households Room Rooms Rooms Rooms more Rooms

(I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

------~--- 3 Rljahmundry 1960 2 27 3.94 2 .• 3 1. 83 1. 60 1.09 i970 3.08 4.59 2.72 2.01 1.60 1. 24 4 Bluru i960 2.28 3.86 2.36 l. 78 ! .64 J. 20 1970 2.47 4.32 2.54 2.01 1.66 1. 25 S ~h~'li1ivltjllm (Bandar) I )JJ 2.03 3.95 2.41 I. 88 1.56 1.13 1970 2.29 4.18 2.53 1.86 1.56 1.19 6 Vijayawada 1960 2.62 4.07 2.49 1. 82 1.54 1. 21 1970 2.86 4.41 2.70 2.01 1. 67 1. 23 1 Guntur 1960 2.42 4.07 2.60 1. 85 1.55 1.07 1970 2.94 4.36 2.79 2.02 1. 62 1. 22 8 Nellore 1960 2,26 3.91 2.37 1.68 1.40 1.05 1970 2.63 4.21 2.65 1. 85 1.55 1.03 9 Kurnool 1960 2.30 4.54 2.71 1.97 1.52 1.04 1970 2,53 4.79 2.91 1.98 1.66 1.14 10 Hyderabad* 1960 2.41 4.13 2.74 2.18 1. 89 1.19 1970 2.65 4.58 2.96 2.23 1.88 1.50 II Nizamabad** 1960 2.92 4.14 2.86 2.23 1.95 1. 35 1970 2.84 4.39 2.80 2.13 1.82 1. 35 12 Warauga) )960 2.46 4.24 2.58 1.99 1.74 1.13 1970 2.44 4.37 2.68 2.00 1.70 1. 36

"'The figures given aga}nst 1960 for Hyderaba~ relate to lifjerabad Tow~·?roup. For ~970 the figures pertaining to Hyderabld M lJiCIPli CJrpJratlOn are gIven. The Hyderabad MunIcIpal CorporatIon covel, abou1 90 % of H.e Hyderabad Town.group of 1960. **Nizlffilbad attained the status of a Class I City only in 1970. 47. It may be seen from the above statement that The a verage number of persons per room in the house­ the number of persons per room decreases with the holds occupying 2 rooms is below 3 and above 2 in all increase in number of rooms occupied by the house­ cities except in Visakhapatnam where it is 3.05 persons holds in all the 12 cities having population more than per room. 65 to 90% of the households in these cities oc· one lakh persons. Considering all the categories of cupy only one or two rooms. Over crowding is observ. households die number of persons on an average per ed in Nizamabad, Hyderabad, Guntur. Vijayawada. room varies from 2.29 in Machilipatnam city to 3.62 Eluru, Rajahmundry and Visakhapatnam cities in persons in Visakhapatnam city in 1970. Even in 1960 households occupying three rooms. In Kakinada, the position was the saw::, the ave~age nu~.ber of Machilipatnam and Nizamabad cities the number of persons per room being 2.03 persons III MachIllpatnam persons per rOOm in 1970 in the households occupying and 3.13 persons in Visakhapatnam city in 1960. Tn 3 rooms each is less than the corresponding figures of all the cities the average number of persons. per room 1960 which indicates the improvement in the hous­ has increased in 1970 over the corresponding figures for ing conditions in these cities. In Warangal city the 1960 except in Nizamabad and Warangal cities. number of persons per room in this category of house­ holds has reached in 1970 exactly to 2 as against 1.99 48. If the norm of 2 persons per room is taken &s in 1960. There is no overcrowding in any of the cities representing satisfactory accommodation then there is in Andbra Pradesh in the ho'Useholds having 4 rooms considerable over crowd.ing in the households occupy· and. five rooms or more and there is not mu,~h variation ing one room than in uther categories and to a smaller between cities in the number of persons per room in extent in households with 2 rooms in all the cities. respect of these two categories of households. However the proportion of households occupying 4 rooms orr 49. In the category of households occupying one more is very small. room also Machilipatnam and Visakhapatnam cities oc­ cupy the lowest and highest rank in 1970 with 4.18 per­ Btoad conclusions and limitations sons and 5.19 persons per room respectively. In 1960 Eluru city occupied the lowest rank with 3.86 persons 50. It may be thus seen from the discussion in the per room while Visakhapatnam city occupied the preceding paragraphs that highest rank with 4.49 persons per room. On the whole (a) the number of rooms per household is smaller there are more than 4 persons pcr room in the house· in the backward tracts in the Agency and inac· holds occupying one room in all the 12 cities the figurt:s cessible hilly and forest regions and in urban exceeding even 5 in the case of Visakhapatnam city. units having greater concentration of industrial HOUSEHOLDS AND NUMBER OF ROOMS OCCUPIED 55 or commercial activity as in Visakhapatnam, (e) overcrowding is observed mainly in the house Vijayawada, Guntur, Rajahmundry, Nellore and holds occupying one or two rooms and to a Nizamabad cities. smaller extent in households with 3 rooms. An overwhelming proportion i.e. 86% of the (b) the average size of an household is larger in the total households occupy one Of two rooms each, urban areas than in rural areas except in Ongole which indicates that the majority of popUlation (Prakasam), N::llore, Adilabad and Khammam in the Sttte is living in congested accommoda­ districts. tion lacking privacy. (c) as the number of rooms occupied by a house­ (f) a higher proportion of households occupying 3 hold increases, the size of the household in­ rooms or more is associated with relatively creases uniformly in both rural and urban areas higher proportion of pucca houses and a higher though there is no distinct relationship between proportion of urban population. the rural and urban household sizes in each cate­ gory of households classified by the number of rooms occupied and each district has its own S1. However, no authentic conclusion can he pattern in this regard. dra\vll as to the extent of overcrowding in different re­ gions of the State without obtaining detailed data about (d) the number of persons per room is higher in the the availability of floor space or cubic feet of space per backward regions as also in the urban areas person or household in each region. Such particulars which are commercially and industrially better could not be collected in the Houselisting Operations developed. as explained earlier.

CHAPTER 5 Tenure Status 1. The particulars of the tenure status of the house­ 4. In Andhra Pradesh a large majority of the hold i.e .. whether the household is living in owned households in the rural areas live in owned houses only. houses or rented houses. and the number: of members Apart from growing cities like Hyderabad, Visakhapat­ living in each house hole were collected under columns nam, Vijayawada, Rajahmundry and Nizamabad, in 12 to 15 of the Houselist. Table H-IV has been prepar­ the other urban areas also the proportion of the house­ ed based on these data. In this table the households are holds living in owned houses is generally greater than classified by size of household and by tenure status: that of households living in rented houses. The figures are given for the State as a whole, for each 5. Out of a total of 8,405,875 househoids in the district and for each city having a population of one State, 7,313,875 households or 87.0% of the tota1 num­ lakh and over. The rural and urban breakup is also ber of households are living in owned houses while the given for the State as well as for each of the districts. remaining 1,092,000 households or 13.0% in rented The hOUiseholds have been categorised by size into the houses. In the rural areas where dearth of accommoda­ following seven classes: viz., households with (i) one tion is not felt much the percentage of households living member (ii) two members (iii) three members (iv) four in owned houses is as high as 94%. 6,509,995 house­ members (v) five members (vi) six or more members holds out of a total O'f 6,923,155 rural households live and (vii) unspecified number of members. in owned houses. The remaining 413,160 households 2. The number of households living in rented accounting for 6.0% of the total rural households live houses and in owned houses is given separately under in rented houses. In the Urban areas, out of a total the above seven classes of households. of 1,482,720 urban households, 803,880 households live in owned houses and 678,840 live in rented houses, i.e. 3. It may be useful to recall here the definitions of only 54.2% of the total urban households live in own­ "household", "owned house" and "rented house". ed houses and 45.8% live in rented houses. Household-A household is a group of persons 6. The propoTtion of the households living in rent wh() commonly live together and would take their ed houses in this State, both in the rural and urban areas meals from a cOmmon kitchen unless the exigencies of has increased during the decade 1960·70 as can work prevented any of them from doing so. It may be seen from the following statement. be made up of related or unrelated persons. A cook STATEMENT V. 1 or servant living in the house of the employer and tak­ ing his food there was treated as part of the household. 1970 1960 A hostel where a number of unrelated persons live "..---...A._----" r-~ together was treated as an Institutional household. Percentage of Percentage of Similarly Jails, Hospitals with in-patients etc., were households households living in living in treated as Institutional households. The household ,-___.A._---, ,-__.A.---, might contain one or more persons. Owned Rented Owned Rented hou,es houses houses houses Owned HOuse-If a household occupied a Cen­ (1 ) (2) (3) (4) (5) sus house owned by itself and was not paying anything ~---~ "~'- Andhra Pradesh to anybody in the form of rent then the household was Total considered as living in own house. A household liv­ 87.0 13.0 90.4 9.6 ing in a flat or a house taken on "ownership" basis from Rural 94.0 60 96.0 4.0 a Housing Board or any other body or person on pay­ Urban 54.2 45.8 60.6 39.4 ment of instalments was also regarded as living in own house not withstanding that all the instalments had not 7. In the districts the proportion of households liv. been paid. ing in owned houses ranges from 59.6% in Hyderabad distri.ct to 94·2% in Karimnagar district. Rented HoU'se-The household was considered 8. In Karimnagar district 94'2 % of the households as living in a rented house if rent is paid or contracted are living in owned houses and 5.8% in rented houses. for by the household in cash or kind. Where an owner Mahbubnagar district takes the second place with. permitted a household to live rent free in a house, even 93.6'::, of its total households living in owned houses then the household was treated as living in a rented and 6.4'1'~ in rented houses. Ongole (Pra kasam) district house. Employees living in rent free quarters provid­ with 92.1 % of its tO'tal households living in owned ed by the Government or Institution or Company etc .. houses takes the third place. Hyderabad district for its employees were also treated as living in rented with its large concentration of urban households has houses. only 59.6% of its households living in owned houses. 57 58 CHAPTER V 9. In the rural areas of the districts the propOrtion (9) Atlapur (11) Malkajgiri of households living in owned houses ranges from 90.9% in West Godavari district to 97.2% in Karim­ (10) Fatehnagar (12) Macha Bolaram nagar district. The rural areas of Nalgonda and The figures of 1970 under cols. 3 and 5 relate to Hyd­ Warangal also have a very high proportion of house­ era bad Municipal Corporation only. The Municipal holds living in owned houses. Corporation accounts for about 90% of the residential houses in Hyderabad Town-group. 10. In the urban areas of the districts the propor­ tion of households living in owned houses is lower i2. Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada, compared to rural areas. The highest proportion of the rapidly growing cities, have a large percentage of 71.3% of urban households living in owned houses is households livini in rented houses. There has been found in Nellore district and the lowest pro­ an increase in the proportion of households living in portion of 39.7% in Hyderabad district. Srikakulam rented houses in all the cities except Rajahmundry, district with 68.9 % of its households living in owned Vijayawada, Kumoo! and Hyderabad. The decline houses takes the second place. in the case of Rajahrnundry is negligible while in Vijayawada, Kumool and Hyderabad cities the de­ 11. The proportion of households living in owned crease in the proportion of rented houses is due to the fact that several new colonies of Government employees and rented houses in each city is given below :~ and others have come up during the last decade on ac­ count of the liberal housebuilding loans available from STATEMENT V.2 the State and Central Governments and from Co-opera­ tive Societies and Life Insurance Corporation. There has been a phenomenal increase in the proportion of Percentage of households living in households living in rented houses in Visakhapatnam City ~------~-----~ city in 1970 compared to the position in 1960, due to Owned houses Rented houses the rapid industrialisation. Other reasons for this high ~------, ~--~--~ 1960 1970 1960 1970 increase in this city are dealt with in a subsequent para· graph.

( I) (2) (3) ( 4) (5) 13. The percentage distribution of households at..:­ cording to size in the total, rural and urban areas of the State is given below :- Visakhapatnam 88.3 38.7 11.7 61.3 STATEMENT V. 3 Kakinada 58.8 55.7 41.2 44.3

Rajahmundry 43.5 43.2 56.5 56.8 Size of Hou~ehold Tolal Rural Urban Bluru 62.3 58.5 37.7 41.5 (1) (2) (3) (4) Michil ipatnam (BandaI') 64.1 58.5 35.9 41.5 ------_--- All Sizes Vijayawada 37.8 41.0 62.2 59.0 100 100 100 One-member 5.1 5.3 4.6 Gl1ntul' 64.1 52.7 35.9 47.3 Two-members 11.0 10.9 11.2 Nellore. 62.6 56.1 37.4 43.3 TIFee-members 14.2 14.3 13.5 'Kurnool 54.1 52.7 45.9 47.3 FouT-members 16.7 16.9 15.8 ltyderabad 33.0** 38.7** 67.0**61.3* Five-members 16.2 16.5 14.9 Nizamabad 46.9 45.0 53.1 55.0 S·.x Of morc members 36.8 36.1 40.1 Warangal 65.9 60.2 34.1 39.8* "_----_---

.~ ... ------...----.- . .14 ..There is not much difference in the patterns of "''''The figures for Hyderabad City in eols. 2 and 4 related to dlstnbutlOn of households by size in the rural and Hyderabad Town-group (1960) consisting of the follow­ urban ~r~as ~f the State. But the proportion of house­ ing constituent units: holds ~lVlng III rented houses is significantly higher in each Size class of households in the urban areas com­ (1) Hyderabad Municipal (4) Alwal Corporation. pared to the corresponding proportion in the rural (5) Zamistanpur areas. (2) Secunderabad Canton- (6) Kandikal ment 15. The stat~m~~t ~iven on the next pag~ shows (7) Bowenpalle th~ percentage dlstrlOutlOn of the households in the ~tate by Tenure Status and by size of the hOlUseholds (3) Osmania University (8) Lalaguda III totaL rural and urban areas. TENURE STATUS 59

STATEMENT V. 4

Total Rural Urban , __A-_-, Siz~ of the Hou5ehold ,-~_A-..._---, f--_,,___,..A..----1 Owned Rented Owned Rented Owned Rented

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Total HousehOlds 87.0 13.0 94.0 6.0 54.2 45.8 Single member households 4.2 0.9 4.7 0.6 2.1 2.5 Two.member households . 9.1 1.9 10.0 0.9 5.1 6.1 Three_m~mber 11Ouseholds 12.1 2.1 13.3 1.0 6.4 7.1 Four_member households 14.5 2.2 15.8 1.1 7.9 7.8 Fi ve-member households 14.2 2.0 15.6 0.9 8.0 6.9 Household with six and more members 32.9 3.9 34.6 1.5 24.7 15.4 HJUseholds jwith un>j)!cifi~d number of members N N N N N N

~ : Negligible 16. The pattern both in the rural and the urban lion of all sizes of hQluseholds living in rented houses areas of the districts generally conforms to the pattern is ,~onsiderably higher than the proportion in rural indicated in the above statement. However, in big areas. cities like Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada etc., a large proportion of households, irrespective of their VISAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT: Out of 573,565 hou~e­ size live in rented houses than in other smaller urban holds in this district, 496,115 houserolds or 86.5 % units or in the rural areas. of the total hlYUseho~ds live in owned houses while 77,450 households or 13-5% live in rented houses. In 17. The position in respect of each of the districts the rural areas out of 462,770 households, 440,195 and cities in Andhra Pradesh is discussed below : households or 95.1 % live in owned houses while 22,575 households or 4.9% live in rented houses. SRIKAKUL'M DISTRICT: Out of the total 540,110 55,920 households or 50.5% of the total households households in this district, 495,200 live in owned in the urban areas of Visakhapatnam district live in houses accounting for 91.7% while 44,910 households owned houses while 54,875 households or 49.5%of the accounting for 8.3 % of the total number of households total households live in rented houses. That is, nearly live in rented houses. half of the urban households in Visakhapatnam dis· trict live in rented houses. In Visakhapatnam city Out of a total of 485,030 rural households as many out of a total of 58,430 households, 22,615 households as 457,250 househOilds accounting for 94.3 % of the total or 38-7% of the total households live in owned houses households live in owned houses while 27,780 or 5'7"/0 while 35,815 households or 61.3% of the total house­ of the rural households live in rented houses. In the holds live in rented houses. The high percentage of urban areas out of the total of 55.080 households. the households living in rented houses is due to the 37,950 households or 68'9% live in owned houses rapid development of city due to several large indus. while 17,130 households accounting for 31·1 % of urban tries coming up during the last decade. It is signifi­ households live in rented houses. Among the districts cant to note that the proportion of households living arranged in the descending order of the proportion of in rented houses which was only 11.7% in 1960 has households living in owned houses. Srikakulam district increased to 61.3% in 1970 indicating the acute short­ takes the fifth place. age of housing accommodation. The fact that the number of hO!.lsc:holds in2reased during 1960-70 by In this district households having six and more 67.39% in this city while the number of residential members constitute the highest proportion of 33.0% ()if houses increased by only 41.66% during the Same which 30.8 % live in owned houses and 2.2% live in period is an impJrtant reason fOir the very high rented houses. Five member households iconstitute increase in the proportion of households living in 16.8% of the total households and of them 15.5% rcnttd houses during the decade 1960-70. The pattern live in owned houses and 1.3% live in rented houses. of tenure status of variQlus sizes of households in this Four-member households constitute 18.0% of which distri.:::t is generally in conformity with the State pattern. 16.6% live in owned houses and 1.4% live in rented houses. Three-member households constitute 15.5% EAST GODAVARI DISTRICT: Out of 614,110 house­ of which 14,1 % live in owned houses and 1'4% live in holds in this district, 523,885 households or 85.3"1:. of rented houses, Two-member hous,eholds, constitute the total households in the district live in owned 11.0% of which 9.8% live in own~d houses and 1.2% 11OUSCf. and 90,225 households or 14'7% live in rented live ,in rented houses. Single-member households. houses. In the rural areas of the district out of constitute 5.7% of which 4.9% live in owned houses 506.055 households, 460,860 households constituting and O.~% in rented houses. The position is similar 91.1 % of the total rural households live in owned in the rural areas but in the urban areas the propor- houses and the remaining 8.9% live in rented houses. 60 CHAPTER V

Out of 108,055 households in the urban areas, 63,025 KRISHNA DISTRICT: Out nf 481,705 households households or 58.3% of urban households live in in this district, 399,335 households or 82.9% of the owned hOllses while 45,030 households or 41.7';~ live total households live in owned houses while 82,370 in rented houses. households or 17.1 % live in rented houses. Out of a total of 363,865 households in the rural areas, Households with six and more members form the 336,685 households or 92.5 % live in owned houses largest proportion of total households in the district while 27,180 households or 7.5% live in rented houses. and it is followed by households with four members. In the urban areas 62,650 households or 53.2 % of Five-member households take the third place. The the total housebolds live in owned houses while 55,190 proportion of households living in rented houses is households or 46.8% live in rented houses. Out of higher than the district urban proportion of 41.7% a total of 19,775 househnlds in Machilipatnam city in Kakinada and Rajahmundry cities. In Kakinada 11,570 households or 58.5% live in owned houses while c~ty 44.3% live in rented houses while in Rajahmundry 8,205 households or 41.5% live in rented houses. Th~ CIty 56 8% live in rented houses. This indicates that proportion of households living in rented bouses has there is greater dearth of accommodation in Rajah­ increased from 35.9% in 1960 to 41.5% in 1970, even mundry than in Kakinada. Rajahmundry takes ~he in this city which has recorded a low growth rate fourth place among the cities in the State in the pro­ t)f population of only 11·04 % during the decade portion of housebolds living in rented houses. There 1961-71. There has been a slight shift in the functional has not been any significant increase in the pro­ chmacter of the town from "Industry-cum-Services" portion ,)f households living in rented houses either in 1961 to "lndustry-cum-Services-cum-Trade and in Kakinada or Rajahmundry during the decade 1960- Commerce" ill 1971. The development of small 70. Act ually there has been a slight decline in the scale and light illdust~ies and expansion of trade proporti

constitute the largest proportion of 37.6% of the total The proportion of households by different popu­ househGlds in the district. Four-member and five­ lation sizes is in conformity with the pattern prevail· member households take the second and third places. ing in the State. Households with six and more In the rural areas of this district the majority of the members constitute the largest proportion of 41.7% households of all sizes live in owned houses only. of the total households in tbe district. Five-member In the urban areas however except households having and four-ntemher households take the second and six and more members, majority of the households in third places. In this distrj.::t a majority of the house­ other size classes live in rented houses only. holds of all sizes live in owned houses only. In Kumool city, however, the proportion of households CUDDAPAH DISTRICT: 277.795 households or 90.2% out of a total of 308,100 households in this living in rented houses is higher than the l?roportion district live in owned houses while 30,305 households of households living in owned houses in all sIze classes or 9.8% live in rented houses. In the rural areas of households except those with 5 members and 6 251,685 households or 94.1 % out of a total of 267,560 members or more. households live in owned houses while 15,875 house­ MAHBUBNAGAR DISTRICT: 348,915 households or holds or 5.9% live in rented houses. In the urban areas 26,110 households or 64.4 % out of a total of 93.6% of a total of 372,655 households in this district live in owned houses while 23,740 households or 40,540 households live in owned houses while 14,430 households or 35.6% live in rented houses. 6.4% live in rented houses. In the rural areas 328,585 households or 95.9 % of a total of 342,485 households The proportion of households by different popula­ live in owned houses while 13,900 households or only tion sizes is in conformity with the pattern prevailing 4.1 % live in rented houses. In the urban areas in the State. Households with six and more members 20.330 households or 67.4% of a total of 30,170 form the highest proportion of 37'9% of the total num­ households live in owned houses while 9,840 house­ ber of househo!ds in this district. Four-member and holds or 32.6% live in rented houses. five-member households take the second and third places respectively. A majority of the households of ,,11 The proportion of households by different popu­ sizes. live in owned hous-::s in thi·s district. lation sizes is in conformity with the pattern prevailing m the State .. Households with six and more members ANANTAPUR DISTRICT: 325,415 households or form the largest proportion of 38.7% of the total 85.8% out of a total of 379,080 households in this households in the district. Four-member and five­ district live in owned houses while 53.665 households member households take the second ani third places. or 14.2 % live in rented houses. In the rural areas The majority of the househnlds of all sizes live in 286,130 households or 91.5% out of a total of 312,645 owned houses in this district. In the urban areas, households live in owned hou5es while 26,515 house­ however. a larger proportion of single-member home­ holds or 8.5 % live in rented houses. In the urban holds live in rented houses than in owned houses. areas 39,285 households or 59.1 % out of a total of 66,435 households live in owned houses while 27,150 HYDERABAD DISTRICT: 268,225 households or household~ Q1r 40.9 % live in rented houses. 59'6% of a total cf 449,775 households in this di,· trict livf' in owned houses while 181,550 households or The proportion of households by different popu­ 40.4% live in rented houses. In the rural areas 157,140 lation sizes is in conformity with the pattern prevailing households or 92.6% out of a total of 169,630 house· in the State. Households with six and more members holds live in owned houses while 12,490 households constitute the largest proportion of 44·2 % of the or 7.4% live in rented houses. In the urban areas total households. Four-member and five-member 110.085 households or 39.7% out of a total of 880,145 bouseholds take the second and third places. In this households live in owned houses while 169.060 house­ district a majority of the households of all sizes holds or 60.3% live in rented houses. In Hyderabad live in owned houses only. In urban areas only among citv for obvious reascms a large number of house­ two-member househoMs a larger proportion of house­ holds live in rented houses than in owned houses. holds live in rented houses than in owned houses. 95,000 households or 38.7% Q1f a total of 245,750 homeholds in the city live in owned houses while KURNOOL D~STRICT : 305,875 households or 85.5 % 150,750 households or 61.3% live in rented houses. out of a total of 357,950 households in this district There has been a fall in the proportion of households live in owned houses while 52,075 households or living in rented bouses in 1970 compared to the 14.5 % live in rented houses. In the rural areas position in 1960 though the city recorded a popula­ 265320 households or 91.8% out of a total of 288,915 tion growth rate of more than 40% during the same households live in owned houses while 23,595 house­ period for reasons explained earlier. holds or 8.2% live in rented houses. In the urban areas 40,555 households or 58.7% out of a total of The proportion of bouseholds by different popu­ 69,035 bouseholds live in owned houses while 28,480 lation sizes is in cnnformity with the pattern pre­ households or 41.3% live in rented houses. In Kur­ vailing in the State. Households with six and more nvol city 11,335 households or 52'7% out of a total members constitut;- the largest proportion of 45~~ of 21.510 households live in owned houses while of the total households in the district. Four-member 10,175 households or 47.3 % live in rented houses. As and five-member how;cholds take the second and third stated earlier there has been a slight decrease in the places respectively. While majority of the households proportion of households living in~ rented houses in of al1 the sizes live in owned houses only in the rurnl this city in 1970 compared to the position in 1960. areas, the position is otherwise in the urban areas. TENURE STATUS 63

About (ltlle-fourth of the single-member, two-member, city about 60% of the single-member, two-~ember, and three-member households in Hyderabad city live thre~·member and four-member households lIve in in owned houses while the rest live in rented houses. rented houses. The proportion of single-member, two-member and three-member households living in rented houses is ADILABAD DISTRICT: 218,645 households or generally high in this district compared to other dist­ 87.3% out of the total of 250,420 households in this ricts in the Statl~. district live in owned houses. In rural areas 196,400 households or 94.2 % out of the total of 208,540 MEDAK DISTRICT: 255.770 households or 93.1 % households live in owned houses while 12,140 house­ -of the. total of 274,780 households in this district live holds or 5.8 % live in rented houses. In the urban in owned houses while 19,010 households or 6.9% areas 22,245 households or 53.1 % out of the total of live in rented houses. In the rural areas 242.330 41,880 households live in owned houses while 19,635 households or 96.0% of the total of 252,395 house­ households or 46.9% live in rented houses. In the holds live in owned houses while 10,065 hCJIUseholds urban areas of this district, particularly Adilabad and or 4.0% live in rented houses. In the urban areas Nirmal towns, there is considerable housing shortage. 13,440 households or 60.0% out of the total of 22,385 households live in owned houses while 8.945 households or 40% Jive in rented houses. The proportion of households by dIfferent popu­ lation sizes is in conformity with the pattern pre· The proportion of households by different popu­ vailing in the State. Households with six and, more lation sizes is in conformity with the pattern prevail­ members account fOlf the largest prop<>rtion of 37.0% ing in the State. Households with six and more of the total households in this district. Five-member members form the largest proportion of 38.7 % of the and four-member households take the second and total households in this district. third places. The majority of the households of all Five-member and four-member households take sizes live in owned hOllses only in this district as a the second and third places. The majority of the house­ whole. In the urban areas more than 50.0% of the holds of all sizes live in owned houses only in this single-member, two-member, three-member and four. district. However in the urban areas, a larger number member households live in rented houses only. of two-member households live in r~nted houses than in owned houses. KARIMNAGAR DISTRICT: 369,085 house holds or NIZAMABAD DIsTRIcr: 216.530 households or 94.2% out of the total of 391,800 households in this 85.2% of the total of 254.240 households in this district live in owned houses while 22,715 households district live in owned house~ while 37,710 households or 5.8 % live in rented houses. In the rural areas or 14.8% live in rented houses. In the rural areas 344,850 households or 97.2% of the total of 354,615 196,780 households or 92.0% out of the total of households live in owned houses while 9,756 house­ 213,950 households live in owned houses while 17,170 holds or only 2.8 % live in rented houses. In the households or 8.0% live in rented houses. In the urban areas 24,235 households or 65.2% out of the urban areas 19,750 households or 49.0% of the total total of 37.1 85 households live in owned houses while of 40,290 households live in owned hOuses while 12,950 households or 34.8 ",;. live in rented houses. Thus 20,540 households or 51 % live i nrented houses. the proportion of households living in rented houses In Nizamabad city 9,850 households or 45.0% out in the urban areas is very low. Only the urban areas of the total of 21,905 households live in owned houses of 3 more districts viz., Srikakulam. Ongole and Mah­ willIe 12,055 hCJIUseholds or 55 % live in rented houses. bubnagar have recorded a lower proportion of house­ holds living I in rented houses. In the Telangana region, next to Hyderabad City, Nizamabad city has the highest proportion of house­ The proportion of households by different popula­ holds living in rented houses. The proportion of such tion sizes is in conformity with the pattern prevailing households has increased from 53% in 1960 to 55% in in the State. Households with six and more members 1970. There has been housing shortage in this city constitute the largest proportion of 34'8% of the total f0r the last few decades and there does not appear households. in this district. Four-member and five. to be adequate houre-building activity in this place to member households tak:: th~ second and third pla,ces. improve the conditions. Actually during the last de­ The rnajority of the househo]d~ of all sizes live in own­ cade while the number of households increased by about ed houses only in this district. 33% in this city, the number of residential houses has increased by 16.5% or only to the extent of half of the increase in the proportion of households during WARANGAL DISTRICT: 327,650 households or this period. 91·9'!r of the total of 356,345 households in this district live in owned houses while 28,695 households or 8'1 % . Th~ proportion of households by different popu­ live in rented houses. In the rural areas 302,295 house­ ~atJ()~ SIzes is in conformity with the pattern prevlil­ holds or 96°!, of the total of 314,805 households live in mg m the State. Households with six and more owned houses while 12.510 households or 4% live in m~mbers account for 34.6%, the largest proportion rented houses. In the urban areas 25.355 households or of hous,eholds in this dirtrict. Four-member and five­ 61.0% of the total of 41.540 households live in owned member. h?useholds take the second and third places. houses while 16.]85 households or 39.0% live in rented The maJonty of the households of all sizes in this dis­ houses. Tn Waranga! city 20,425 households or 60'2% trict as a whole live in owned houses. In Nizamabad of the (o(al of 33,950 households live in owned houses )O~I Census Andh/73 64 CHAPTER V

whik 13,525 households or 39'8% live in rented houses. . ~8. The following statement shows the comparative The proportion of households living in rented houses posltton of the proportion of households living in rent­ increase·i from 34.1 % in 1960 to 39.8% in 1970. The ed houses (1960 and 1970) in the State, in each district increase< in the number of households (33 %) is higher and separately in the rural and urban areas. than the increase in the number of residentialltOuscs (26%) during 1961-71. STATEMENT V. 5 Thel proportion of households by different p01?~la­ tion sizes is in conformity with the pattern prevaIlIng in the State. Households with six and more members Percentage of households fonn thl:~ highest proportion of 37.8% of the total State/District living in rer;ted h(lu~es households in this district. Four-member and five-mem­ r- ..A.. --, ber houllcholds take the second and third places. The 1960 majority of the households, of all sizes live in owned 1970 houses only in this district. In Warangal city more than 50% of the sjngle-member. two-member and three­ ll) (2) (3) member households live in rented houses. ANDHRA PRADESH T 9.63 13.0 KHAMMAM DISTRICT '. 219,240 households or R 4 OS 6.0 87.8% of the total of 249,775 households in this district U 39 45 45.8 live in owned houses while 30,535 households or 12.2% live in rented houses. In the rural areas 202,755 house­ Srikakulam T 5.32 8.31 R 4.02 '5.73 holds or 94.4% of the total of 214,865 households live U 19.59 in owned houses while 12,110 households or 5.6% llve 31.10 in rented houses. In the urban areas 16,485 households Visakhapatnam T 6.94 13.50 or 47.2% of the total of 34,910 households live in own­ R 4.08 4.88 ed houses while 18,425 households ()iI' 52.8% live in U 23.00 4~.53 rented houses. There appears to be considerable hous­ ing shortage in Khammam and Bhadrachalam towns East Godavari T 11.34 14.69 R 6.09 8.93 as the household-residential house ratio is high in these U two places. 37.34 41.67 West Godavari T 11.14 14.77 The proportion of households by different popula­ R 6.92 9.11 tion sizes is in oonformity with the pattern prevailing U 36.28 43.60 in the State. Households with six and more members constitute the highest proportion of 43.6% of the total Krishna. T 14.82 17.10 R 5.89 7.47 households in this district. Four-member and five. U member households take the second and third places. 46.09 46.83 The majority of the households of all sizes live in GunlUT . T 9.40 14.30 owned houses only in this district as a whole. In the R 4.54 5.63 urban areas more than 50% of th~ households Qf all U 30.55 41.97 sizes of households except households having six and more members live in rented houses. Ongole (Prakasam) . T 7.85 R N.A. 4.78 U NALGONDA DISTRICT: 333,045 households or 93.6% 32.53 of the total of 355,990 bouseholds in this district live in Ne110re . T 5.94 10.04 owned houses while 22,945 households or 6.4% live R 3.04 5.36 in rented houses. In the rural areas 320,285 house­ U 29.87 28.70 holds or 96.4% of the total number of 332,145 hOuse­ holds live in owned houses while 11,860 households or Kurnool. T 11.45 14.55 only 3.6% in rented houses. In the urban areas 12,760 R 6.04 8.17 households or 53.5% of the total of 23,845 households U 35.59 41.25 live in owned houses while 11,085 households or 46.5 % Gunlur, Nellore and I .Jive in rented houses. T 8.90 11.99 Kurnool* J R 4.44 5.90 U 31.87 3~.46 The proportion of households by different popula­ tion sizes is in conformity with the pattern prevailing Chittoor T 8.22 10.95 R 4.29 5.49 in the State. Households with six and more members U 40.75 form the highest proportion of 36.3 % of the total 48.16 households in this district, four-member and five-mem­ Cuddapah T 6.86 9.84 ber households take the second and third places .. The R 4.09 5.95 majority of the households of all sizes live in owned U 27.22 35.59 houses in this district as, a whole. But in the urban areas more than 50% of the single-member, two-mem­ *In the ]970 particulars, data of Oogole (Prakasam) ber and three-member households live in rented houses. district which was newly formed in J 970 are also included. TENURE STATUS 65

STATEMENT V. 5-Concld. Hyderabad and Nizamabad distric.ts. in ,!elangana have a higher proportion of households hvmg m rented houses, than the State average of 6.0%. Apart from t~e g.ener~l Percentage of households State/DUriet living in tented houses prosperity of the rural areas of the 3 delta dlstncts tn r---__A._-----, Coastal Andhra mentioned, there are a number of large­ sized villages with a population of more. than 5,000 1960 1970 each in these three districts. The proportion of such large villages is between 8% and 10% of the total (I) t2) (3) villages in each of these districts .compa~ed to the pro­ portion of only 1'79% of such VIllages m the State as a whole. These large sized vill~ges have a bet~er deve­ Anantapur T 11.30 14.16 loped infra-structure of e~ucaho~al and medIcal ser­ R 6.46 8.48 vices compared to the nelghbounng areas and hence U 35.20 40.87 aUract people from outside, who normally have to live in rented houses. In Anantapur and Kurnool Mahbubnagar T 3.89 6.37 districts also the proportion of such large-sized villages R 2.12 4.06 is about 4% which is considerably higher than the pro­ U 22.60 32.62 portion of the State. There has been an expansion of educational and medical facilities in Anantapur district Hyderabad T 40.63 40.36 while in Kurnool development of small-scale indus­ R 3.82 7.36 tries and mining activity was significant during the U 66.33 60.3; last decade. These are responsible for the high propor­ tion of households living in rented houses in theso two Medak T 3.89 6.92 districts. In the case of Hyderabad there has been R 2.35 3.99 considerable house-building activity'in the rural areas U 24.90 39.96 adjoining the Industrial complex that has developed around Sanathnagar, Moula Ali, Nacharam etc. A num­ ber of workers and employees of the industrial esta­ Nizamabad T 10.17 14.83 blishments in these areas may be living in rented R 4.85 8.03 houses in the nearby rural areas. Development of U 44.88 50.98 small-scale industries in the rural areas on the out~ skirts of the Nizamabad dty, the different camps of Adilabad T 6.86 12.69 labour employed in canal excavation work relating to R 2.42 5.82 Pochampad Project and the general development of U 30.99 46.88 the rural areas in Bodhan taluk, which has a significant proportion of large-sized yilIages seems to be .r~spons.i­ ble for the high proportion of households hVlng III Karimnagar . T 2.58 5.80 rented houses in the rural areas of Nizamabad dis­ R 1.23 2.75 trict. By and large the proportion of households liv­ U 22.12 34.85 ing in rented houses is relatively smaller in Te~angana region, slightly higher in the Rayalaseema region and Warangal T 5.26 8.05 significantly higher in the Coastal Andhra. R 1.54 3.97 U 30.51 38.96 20. The urban areas of Visakhapatnam, Krishna, Khammam T 9.20 12.23 Chittoor, Hyderabad, Nizamabad, Adilabad, Kham­ R 2.24 5.64 mam and Nalgonda districts have a higher proportion U 56.40 52.78 of households living in rented houses than the average proportion of 45.8% for the urban areas of the Stat" as a whole. The cities in Visakhapatnam, Krishnai. Nalgonda T 4.33 6.45 Hyderabad and Nizamabad are mainly responsible for R 1.82 3.57 such a situation in these districts. In the case of urban U 30.34 46.49 areas of Nizamabad, an additional factor is the large number of quarters built at the Pochampad Project and rented out to the employees and workers. The 19. The proportion of households living in rented fast growing importance of Tirumalai and Tirupati houses has increased from 9.6% in 1960 to 13.0% in towns in Chittoor district, the general development of 1970 in the State as a whole. There has been an in­ all the larger towns and the opening of the Mandamarri crease in this proportion both in the rural and urban coal mines in Adilabad district and the high growth rate areas. While in the rural areas the proportion has in­ of population in Khammam and Bhadrachalam towns creased from 4.1 % in 1960 to 6.0% in 1970, in the in Khammam district, the almost doubling of popula­ urban areas it has been increased from 39.5% in 1960 tion in Miryalguda town of Nalgonda district during to 45.8% in 1970. The rural areas of East Godavari, the last decade are responsible for the high propor­ West Godavari and Krishna distrkts in Coastal Andh­ tion of households living in rented houses in the urban ra, Anantapur and Kurooo} districts in Rayalaseema, areas of these districts. 66 CHAPTER V 21. The distribution of 1000 households according size class ,)f households is given in the following state_ to size of households (number of persons) and the per­ ment for the State: . centage of households living in rented houses in each STATEMENT V. 6

Total Distribution according to size of households and percentage of ,---.-----. households Jivingin rented houses in eachsi.e class No. of· No. Per A State house. 1,000 of the ,- 1 person 2 persons 3 persons 4 persons 5 person~ 6 or more'" ,-__A_ __ ~ f-~-""""'I ,-___.A. ___ """, ,-_ _.A, ____ ...... persons h~lds households living No.per %House No.per % House No. per % House No.per % House r-----A. __..." ,-__""'--.., in 1000 of holds 1000 of holds 1000 of holds 1000 of holds N(). per % House No. per %House rented the tot~1 living in the total living in ,he total living in the total living in 1000 of holds 1000 of holds houses House· rented House. rented House· r~nted House. rented the total living in the total living in holds houses holds houses holds houses holdi houses House· rented Hkuse· rented holds houses holds house s

4 6 B 9 10 II 12 13 14 15

ANDHRA T 1000 130 51 17.65 110 17.27 142 17.36 167 13,17 162 12.35 368 10.60 PRADESH R 1000 60 S3 11.54 109 8.~6 143 6.94 169 6.51 165 5.45 361 4.16

u 1000 458 46 54.35 112 54.46 US 51. S9 157 49.37 149 49.&3 401 38.50 it is observed from the above statement that sation in the State and in the country as a whole has not households with 6 members and more each. form the reached the stage of high industrialisation to have a highest proportion of about 37% of the total house­ significant impact on the joint family system. It is holds in the State. The corresponding proportions in quite common to find a number of dependant relatives the rural and urban areas are 36% and 40% res­ in the urban households who stay there mainly for edu­ pectively. This size of households constitute the highest cational or medical facilities or for seeking employ­ proportion of the total households also in the rural and ment in the urban areas. Households with 5 members urban areas. It may appear somewhat strange that even and 4 members each form the next two higher propor­ in the urban areas the proportion of such large house· tions. This is true of almost all the districts in' the holds is so high when there is a general belief that State both in the rural and urban areas. The propor­ Ihe household size is tending to decline atle-as! in the tion of households living in rented houses is high in 'Arban areas. Obviously the people in the urban areas of households with one member. two members and three ,he State have not become so individualistic as in the members both in the rural and urban areas of the State dher advanced countries and that the degree of urbani· and also in the case of cities. SECTION .B

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I

INSTRUCTIONS TO ENUMERATORS FOR FILLING THE HOUSELIST AND ESTABLISHMENT SCHEDULE

INSTRUCTIONS

PART I-HOUSELlST

General Censur. is a national undertaking of great importance, 6. Having thus prepared the village map, each block indispensable to intelligent and efficient public administra­ of the village as demarcated on the village map should be tion apart from the other multifarious ways it serves the taken up for a detailed sketching of the layout. In this scholar, the businessman, industrialist, the country's plan­ detailecl sketch the emphasis is mainly on the lay-out of the ners, the electoral authorities etc. Census has become a houses on the village site. The sketch should show all the regular feature in every progressive country, whatever be its roads. streets and cart trru:ks. The names of the streets, if siZe and. political set.up and they are conducted at regular any,. sho)11d be shown on these sketches. All topographical intervals to fulfil well-defined objectives. details, Important features and public buildings should be prominently shown. Then every single buildlOg or house 1. The job entrusted to you, viz.. house numbering should be 10catJed on this sketch. It will be of advantage and houselistisg is an essential preliminary step to the popu­ if the Pueca and Kacheha houses are shown by some con­ lation census. Apart from mere listing of houses, you will ventional signs like a square 0 for a Pueca house and a be collecting some essential data on housing, as also sepa­ triangle Il for a Kacheha hous·e, further depicting them as rately on manufacturing, trading and service establishments residential or non-residential as follows: . which will be useful to the country's planners. You have, therefore, an important role to play. The quality and quan­ oPueca residential house ., for Pucca non-resi­ tity of your contribution depends on how well you apply dential house shade the square. yourself to this task, understand the instructions tho(Qughly and carry out your responsibilities with the care that it AKachcha residential house; for Kaehcha non­ demands. residential house shade the triangle. ~. You will be required to prepare lay-out sketches showlOg the location of houses within the· area allotted to It is difficult to evolve a comprehensive definition of the you and number all the houses, residential or otherwise and terms 'Pucca' and 'Kachcha' houses to cover different pat­ list them and fill up some essential particulan in the sche­ ~erns or structures ai'l over the country. The categorisation dules given to you. The house numbering sketches pre­ ~f the houses as Pueca or Kachcha for the purpose of depic­ pared by you may form the basis for a permanent system t!IJg them on the lay-out sketches is purely to facilitate iden­ tlficatlOnl. Also, as Kachcha houses are not likely to be long­ of house numbering that may be introduced and maintain~d by the local bodies concerned in future. lasting, anyone referring to the lay-out sketches a few years later can easily distinguish settlement areas which are likely House numbering and preparation of notional maps to have undergone a change. For the purpose of the prepa­ ratlOn of lay-out sketches, a Pueea house may be treated as 4. Rural areas: The first operation will be allotment one which has its walls and roof made of the folJowing of distinguishing numbers to each buildill2, house and house­ materials : hold. Wall material: Burnt Bricks, stone (dulv packed 5. Before the actual affixing of house numbers on doors with lime or cement), cement concrete or timber, an essential step to be taken is to prepare a rough notional etc. map of the entire village and decide on whether the village should be sub-divided into blocks and if so how? Nor­ Roof Material: Tiles. GCI" sheets, asbestos cement mally a small village of less than 125 house~ need not be sheets, RBC*, RCC* and timber, etc. sub-divid~d il1to blocks. But if a village bas one or more hamlets, lITespective of the size, it is desirable to divide the area of the village into blocks so that each hamlet with f!.ouses, the walls and or roof of which are made of the. adjoining area is .recognised as a separate house num­ matenals other than those mentioned above such as unburnt benng block of the Village. It is important that the divid­ bricks, bamboo, mud, grass, reeds, thatch etc., or loosely ing lines between one block and another should be clearly packed stone, burJll( bricks etc. may be treated as Kachcha demarcated. Such dividing lines. besides following some houses. natural boundaries wherever possible should also be indio cated by the Survey number that fall on either side of the 7. When once the location of every building/house is di viding line in cadastrally surveyed Villages, In villages fixed on the plan, it will be a simple matter to decide on WhiCh are not cadastrally surveyed, the line can be indica­ a conv~nient method of numbering the buildings/houses in ted by the name of the owners of the fields on either side one series following certain principles. No hard and fast of the line. or by the name of the field, if any. A notional rule can be laid as to the direction in which the house num­ map showmg the general topographical details of a whole bers should run i.e., left to right or in a clockwise order or rev~nue vi!!age pa~icuiarly if a survey map is already north-east to south-west and so on. Much depends on the aV~ilable. With the viI1age reyen,ue officials, will greatly help, [ay-out. So long as some convenient and intelligible order is fhiS notlOnal map shOuld mdlcate the prominent features followed it should be all right. The numbers allotted to and la.nd marks such as the village site, roads, cart tracks; each house should be marked on the sketch and with the htlls. flvers, nallahs. etc. Clear demarcation lines of block~ help of arrow marks at convenient intervals, the direction are Importa~t so that an~ structure coming anywhere within in which the house numbers run should be indicated. This the boundanes of a particular block is covered by a speci­ fic . block without giving scope for any doubt. It may be . "NOTE: 0.C,I.-Galvanized Corrugated Iron, R.B.C. deSirable to define at the foot of the map the houndaries Remforced Bnck Concrete and R,C.C.- Reinforced Cement of each block dearh. Concrete. 67 68 APPENDIX I is particularly important when stl'eets cut across one ano­ thc main roads and other topographica.l details and impor­ ther and the housenumbering series along a street get inter­ tant public buildings etc., may be shown for clear identi­ rupted. It will be of advantage if the numbers are roughly fication of the boundaries of each mohalla/locality /ward marked in pencil on this sketch and latcr verified with the etc. Next, a skeleton map of each locality/ward or block. actual state of things on ground to see if the order of num­ should be prepared in which all the roads and streets should bering indicated on the sketch would be convenient or if be dearlY indicated and their names also written. Then each any slight changes are needed, for, after all the sketch is building -and house should be located on this skeleton map. only a rough one and actual state of buildings on ground May be that even a locality/ward may be too large an area may suggest a more intelligible order of numbenng at some to indicate all houses on a single map. In such a case a places. ward map showing the segments and separate lay-out map for each one of the segments may be prepared and on these 8. Where villages are not cadastrally surveyed and the segments the buildings and houses should be clearly located village boundaries not fixed by survey, it is essential that and the house number~ 'shown. It may be an advantage if the limits of each village are defined by some permanent the non-residential houses are distinguished from the residen­ features so that it may be known that any house falling in tial houses as indicated in para 6 of these instructions. Here any such areas may be reckoned along with a particular again the important permanent buildings may be indicated village. such as say. town-hall, large office building, court building, post office, hospital, school, church, market building etc. 9. In the forest areas, all habitations are not on settled pattern. There are forest villages which may be just like 12. As stated ,earlier most towns may already be having other revenue villages or muuzas. For such villages proce­ a satisfactory house numbering system. This need not be dure for preparing normal lay-out plan sketches may be disturbed and may be adopted for the purpose of prepara­ followed. But apart from such villages, there would be tion of the house numbering maps referred to above~ The clusters of habitations spread out in the forest. It will be house numbering can be brought upto-date with the help facilitating, if for the purpose of netting such clusters a lay­ of these lay-out maps. If there be no proper system of house­ out plan is prepared of the Forest area comprisisg the lowest numbering in the town, then you will have to assign numbers administrative unit (such as, beat of a Forest Guard in some to the houses in the lay-out sketch(es) of your jurisdiction States). Then the clusters should be drawn on the lay-out in the manner indicated hereafter. sketch.. Name of the cluster should also be written, if there be one. If there be no name, then it would be necessary Numbering of Buildings and Census House in rural as well to identify it with referenc,e to any known permanent fea­ as urban areas : ture such as a hill stream, a range of hills, road and so on. After drawing the boundaries of such clusters on the lay-out, 13. You have to give numbers to "Buildings" and "Census the location of each of the houses should be indicated on it houses" in all areas. The instructions below will guide you and number assigned to each house. Habitations (clusters) to determine what a building and a census house are for the falling within the area of the smallest forest administrative purpose of houselisting. The building is a readily distinguisha­ unit should be taken as one village for the purpose of ble structure or group of structures which is taken as the house-numbering and houselisting. unit for house numbering. The entire building may be deemed one census house or sometimes parts of it; as will be Since it is likely that some of the tribal habitations may explained. The objective is to ultimately number and list change their locations now and then, it is necessary to define out all physical units of constructions which are used for location of a habitation area with reference to any known different purposes, residential or otherwise. . permanent feature as indicatd ,above in regard to the dus­ 14. Buildinf?: A "building" is generally a single structure ters in Forest areas. but sometimes made up of more than one component unit which are used or likely to be used as dwellings (residences) 10. Urban Areas: The preparation of notiolnl maps or establishments such as shops, workshops, factories, etc .. and the house numbering sketches in urban areas should or as godowns, stores, cattle-sheds etc. or in combination with essentially follow the same procedure as in the rural areas any of these such as, shop-cum-residence. or workshop-cum- excepting that in most urban units the draughtsman of the residence, etc. . Municipal Administration might have already prepared town maps perhaps even to scale and these may come extremely 15. Sometimes a &eries of different buildings may be useful. It has been found from experience that the boun­ found along. a street. which. are joil!-ed w~th one another by daries of towns are often times loosely defined and not common walls on either Side looking hke a continuous properly demarcated giving rise to several doubts regarding structure. These diffrent units are practically iudependent the areas lying on the out-skirts of towns. It is important of one another and likely to have been built at different times that the map should very clearly indicate the boundaries by and owned by different persons. In such cases though the means of definite survey numbers and also other permanent whole structure with all the adjoining units apparentlv ap­ fdatures. Sometimes one side of a road falls within the town pears to be one building. each ponti on should be treated as limits and the other side excluded as it may be outside the separate building and given separate number. defined boundary of the town. All these should be care­ fully verified on ground before the maps are certified to be 16. If there are more than one structure within an en­ correct by the supervising authorities. Cases of sub-urban closed or open cOI.npound (premises) belonging to the same growth adjoining the limits of a town and such cases as one person e.g., the ~a\n house, the servant's quarters, the garage side of a street falling outside the limits of a town should be etc" only one bmldmg ~umber should be given for this group brought to the notice of the superior officers who will have and each of the constttuent separate structures assigned a to ensure that such built up areas are properly accounted sub-number l~ke 1(1). 1(2),. 1(3) and so on provided these structur·es satIsfy the defillitlOn of a 'Census House' given {or within the administrative units in which they fall. h

:itid continuing with the serial, stopping finally op­ some parts of the country in the rural areas, the pattern posite to where the first number began. of ha bitation is such that a single household occupies a group of huts within an enclosed fence which has one main (il) In a town/city, enumeration block, the numbering entrance. Each of the apparently separate structures is an will have to respect the aXIs of the street and not integral part bf the housing unit as such. In such cases it any pre,conceived geographical direction like North­ may be more realistic to treat the group as one cenSus East etc. bouse. Care should be taken to ascertain if only one household occupies such a unit or shared by more than (iii) Arabic numerals e.g. (I, 2, 3, ...... ) shuuld one household. Thus the definition of a census house will be used for building numbers. have to be applied having due regard to the actual situation in ~uch exceptional caseS. (iv) A building under construction, the roof of which has been completed should be given a number III the serial. 23. It is usual to find in municipal towns/cities that every site whether built upon or not is numbered by the (v) If a new building either Pueea or Kacilcha is found municipal authorities on property basis. Such open sites after tht house numbering has been completed or In even if they are enclosed by a compound wall should not the midst of buildings already numbered, it should be listed for census purposes. Only where a structure with be given a new number which may bear a sub· four walls and a roof has come up, should it be treated as number of the adjacent building number, e.g. 10) 1. a census house and listed. But in some areas the very na­ NOTE " These should not be numbered as 1(0) or 10(2) ture of construction of houses is such that, for example etc. as such numbering would apply to census houses a conical roof almost touches the ground and an entrance within the same buiklilllg. On the other hand. 10/1 i~ also provided, and there may not be any wall as such. would mean a sepllrate building that has come up Such structures should of course be treated as buildlngs and after building No. 10. houses and numbered and listed.

18. Census House: A "Census house" is building or 24. Household: A household is a group of persons who part of a building having a separate main entrance from commonly live together and would take their meals from the road or common court-yard or stair-case etc., used or a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevented recognised as a separate unit. It may be inhabited or vacant. any of them from doing so. There may be 'one-member It may be used for a residential or non-residential purpose household. two-member household or multi-member house­ or both. hold'. For census purposes each one of these types is re­ garded as a "Household". Again, there may be a house­ 19. If a building has a number of fiats or blocks which holds of persons related by blood or hou'sehold of unrelated are independent of one another having separate entrances persons; the latter are Boarding Houses, Hostels, Residen· of their own from the road or a common stair-case or a tial Hotels Orphanages. Rescue Homes, Ashrams etc. These common court-yard leading to a main gate, they will be are called "Institutional Households". considered as separate' census houses. If within a large en­ closed area there are separate buildings, then each such Each household will be listed accordisg to the instruc­ building will be one or more separate census houses. If tions that follow (see paras. 44 & 45) and a distinguishing all the structures within an enclosed compound are together number allotted to each household. As each household will treated as one building then each structure with a separate be related to the physical structure of a census house, the entmnce should be treated as a separate census house. household number as such need not be painted on the door of each census house. Only the building and census house 20. Each census house should be numbered. If a build­ number will be painted. ing by itself is a single census house, then the number of the census house is the same as the building number. But ii different parts or constituent units of a building qualify to be treated as separate census houses, each census house HOUSELlSTING should be given a sub-number within brackets to the build­ ing number as 10(1), 10(2) etc., or 11(1), 11(2), 11(3), etc. 25. After the preparation of tre notional house/number­ 21. The order in which census houses within a build­ ing maps and the numbering of the houses, the next step ing an: to be numbered, should be continuous, preferably i~ to list them in the prescribed form (Houselist). clockwise or in any convenient manner if it is difficult to do it clockwise. 26. At 'the 1971 Census. a houselist schedule and an establishment schedulr. will be canvassed on universal basis. 22. The definition of census house may sometimes be Specimen forms of the schedules to be so canvassed are difficult of application in its literal sense in the context of given at the end of this Appendix. varying patterns of structures and their usage. For exam­ ple, in cities and towns, one does come across a situation The following instructions will guide you in filling the when a fiat in the occupation of one household as residence houselist: may be made up of four rooms or so and all the rooms may have direct entrance from a common courtyard, or a 27. On the top of the houselist form, provision is made stair-case. In terms of the definition of a census house each to note the name of District with Code No., name of Taluk/ of these rooms having entrances from the common stair­ Tehsil/Thana/ Anchal/Island/Code No., name of Village! case xtc., may qualify to be treated as census houses, But Town/Code No, name or No. of ward, Mahalia Enumera­ it does not realistically rellect the situation of the number tor's Block Code No. The entries here are to be filled in of houses. In such case, 'singleness' of use of th~se rooms by you very carefully. The Location Code is the method alongwith the main house by the household should be taken by which every village or town in any tehsil or police sta­ into account and the entire fiat comprising four rooms tion in every district of a State is identified by a combina­ should be treated as one census house only and assigned tios of numbers. For this purpose ,every district, tehsil or one number. If on the other hand each one of these rooms police station, village or town/ward/mohalla enumerator's had been separately occupied by independent households block in your State would have been allotted code numbers. and if each portion had separate main entrance then each Your charge Superintendent or the Supervisor would have will be justified to be treated as a separate census house. indicated to you the district lehsil or police station and the In a hostel building even if the door of each room in which village or town/ward/mohalla/enumerator's block code an inmate lives opens on to a common verandah or stair­ numbers pertaining to you. You shall have to enter them case as it happens almost invariably, the entire hostel build­ in the relevant spaces against the names of the various juris­ ing may have to be treated as one census house only. In dictional units. Please note that the town number is to be 70 Ai>PENDl~ t

given in Roman figures to distinguish it from the village Col. 4: Material of Wall number which will be indicated by Arabic numerals. 37. Under this column, the material out of which the NOTE: Please do not write anything in spaces enclosed major portion of the walls of the house are made, as for by dotted lines in column Nos. 4, 5, 6, 10 and 12. These example, grass, leaves, reeds, bamboo, unburnt bricks, mud, are meant for writing code numbers in the tabulation offices. burnt bricks, stone, cement concrete, timber etc., should be written. Where a house consists of separate structures each having walls made out of different materials, the material Col. 1: Line Number out of which the walls of the main portion I)f the house mostly used for living or sleeping are made, are to be 28. Every line in the Houselist is to be numbered seri­ recorded. ally. The line numbers should be continuous for your block. Ambic numerals shoud be used for this purpose, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 etc. CoL 5: Material of Roof 38. The material out of which most of the outer roofs, Col. 2: Building No. (Municipal or local authority or exposed to the weather and not the ceiling is made i.e., Census No.) tilleS, thatch, corrugated iron, zinc or asbestos cement sheets or concrete, slate, tiles, etc., should be written. In the case 29. Before you start houselisting, every building will of a multi-storeyed building the intermediate floor or floors bear a number. Some Municipal towns may have satisfac­ will be the roof of the lower floor. If the roof is mainly tory system of numbering the buildings and after prepara­ made of bricks, stone etc., and has a mud plaster, cement tion of the lay.out sketch of your area, you would have plaster or lime plaster e~osed to the sky, the material of given the same number to the building located on the sketch. roof in such cases will not be "mud", "cement", or "lime" respectively but it will be "bricks", "stone" etc., which con­ 30. There would be cases where the Municipal numbers stitute the fabric of the roof. or local authority numbers are not found satisfactory and therefore you would have given numbers to various build­ ings by way of updating the numbering or revising it. In Col. 6: Purpose for which Census House is used. e.g., resi· any case you would have assigned a number to every build­ dence shop, shop-cum .... esidence, business, factory, ing in the lay-out sketch. The third contingency is thal workshop, workshop-cum-residence school, bauk co" numbering did not exist earlier and you have numbered the mmercial house, office, hospital, hotel, etc., or buildings and assigned them the number on the lay-out Vacant sketch and marked them on the building itself. 39. The actual use to which a census house is put is 31. The number which has been assigned in the lay­ to be recorded here keeping in mind the broad categorisa­ out sketch in any of the three modes described above and tion such as: (these are purely illustrative); marked or put on the building should be written in this column. (1) Residence, shop-cum-residence. workshop-cum·resi­ dence. 32. If the building has a well-known name then the name of the building should also be recorded in this column (2) Factory /workshQP and workshed etc. Factory in addition to the number of the building. should be written if it is registered under Indian Factories Act. A 'workshop' is a place where any The purpose of this column is to readily identify every kind of production, repair or servicing goes on or building by the number found on it and by local name if where goods and articles are made and soJrl, but any of the building may bear. is not large enough to be a factory. It is not neces­ sary that some machinery should exist. Even a place where some household industry (as defined in Col. 3: Census House Number para-78) such as say, hand loom weaving, bidi roll­ 33. The attributes of a census house have been des­ ing, papad making, toy making etc., is carried on. cribe;! e~r1ier and in accordance with those instructions you it should be noted as a workshop here. If it is also would h

NOTE: You should not indicate them as lOll or 10/2 (6) School and other educational institution. etc. as that would be followed in the allotment of a num­ ber to a new building not .previously numbered that has (7) Hotel, sarai, dharamshala, tourist house, inspection come up after building No. 10. house, etc. (S) Restaurant, sweetmeat shop and eating place. (A Cols. 4·5: Predominant construction material of Census sweetmeat shop where sweetmeat is being made and House sold should be recorded as a Workshop).

36. In these columns you will have to note the mate­ (9) Place of entertainment such as cinema house thea. rials of 'Wall and roof. tre, community-gathering (Panchayatghar) etc.' INSTRUCTIONS FOR fILLING UP THE HOUSELrST AND ESTABLISHMENT SCHEDULE

(10) Place of worship e.g., temple, church, mosque, guru­ 42. It is possible that some kind of production or pro­ dwara, !etc. cessing is undertaken in the house by the members of the household for purely domestic consumption. For example, (11) Institution such as onphanage, rescue home, jail, re­ hand pounding of rice, preparation of spices like Haldi (tur­ formatory. children home, etc. meric), chillies etc., .or say, kni~ting or woollen garments, embroidery work, lomloom weavmg and so on, meant f()r (12) Others e.g., cattle-shed, garage, godown, laundry, household use only and not for sale. In such cases, the petrol bunk, passenger shelter etc., the exact USe to house should not be treated as an 'establishment'. be fully described.

(13) If the census house is found vacant, i.e. if no perslln COLUMNS 8 to 16 is Jiving in it at the time of enumeration and it is not being used for any of the purposes listed above, 43. These columns will relate to census houses which write 'vacant' in this Col. If the census house is are used wholly or partly as a residence. If, therefore, a locked because the occupants have gone on jour­ particular census house is not being used for residential pur­ ney or pilgrimage, then it may not be treated as poses at all even partly, as will be evident from entry in "vacant", but the use to which it is put recorded Col. 6, put 'X' in each of the columns 8 to 16. here and the fact that occupants have gone on a journey/pilgrimage, noted in the 'Remarks' column Col. 8: Household No. as "House locked, occupants on journey/pilgrimage 44. A 'household' is a group of persons who commonly etc." live together and would take their meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevented any of them NOTE: The reason for vacant such as 'dilapidated', from doing so. It may be made up of related or un-related 'under repair', 'incomplete construction', 'want of tenant', etc., persons. A cook or a servant living in the house of his may be recorded in the "Remarks" column. employer and taking his food there is part of that hou~­ hold. A hostel where a number of un-related persons lIve Col. 7: Is it used wholly or pardy as an Establishment.?Yes together is an institutional household. So also a Jail. or No. If yes, enter further details in the Establish. ment &hedule and indicate the Serial No. of that 45. There may be more than one household in a census entry here. house. Each household should be given a separate mim­ ber This can be done by using the alphabets as (a), (b), (c), Definition of an Establishment etc:, as affixes to the census house No. For example, if building No. 2 is also a census house and has three ·house­ holds, the household numbers will be 2(a), 2(b) and 2(c). 40. An "Establishment" is a place where goods are pro­ If building number 4 has two census h?u~es, the houSes duced or manufactured not solely for domestic consumption will be numbered as 4(1) and 4(2). If wlthm these houses or where servicing and! or repairing is done such as factory, there are respectively 3 and 2 households then they will be workshop or household industry or servicing and/or repair numbered as 4(1)(a), 4(1)(b), 4(1)(c). and 4(2)(a) and workshop or a place where retail or Wholesale business is carried on or cormnercial services are rendered or an office, 4(2)(jb) respectively. If however, building No. 3 is also a public or private or a place of entertainment or where edu­ census house and has only one household, the household No. to be entered in this column will be No. 3 only. cational, religious, social or entertainment s'ervices are ren­ dered. It is necessary that in all these places one or more 46 In the above cases of households Nos. 2(b), 2(c), persons should be actually working. Thus an establishment 4(1)(b); 4(l)(c) and 4(2)(b), there will be no entries against will cover manufacturing, trade and other establishments them in Cols. 3 to 7. Cols. 3 to 7 will be filled for the where people work. entire oensus houses, 2, 4(1} or 4(2) as the ca~e may b~, once. There is no need to repeat Cols. 3 to 7 III each lille for which entries are made for more than one household against Examples,' that census house in Cols. 8 to 16.

A factory or a workshop or workshop-cum-residence or Col. 9: Name of the head of household a trading or other establishment, i.e. where some kind of production, processing repair or servicing is undertaken or . 47. The name of the head of each household should where goods or articles are made and sold, or some business be written. The Head of the household for census purposes is being carried on such as a grocery shop, a pall shop, res­ is a person who is recognised as such in th.e househol~ .. ~e taurant, bank, hotel, or an office is functioning such as Gov­ is gener~lIy the person who bears the chIef responslblllty ernment office. commercial office, or an institution is being for the maintenance of the household and takes decisions run such as school, college, hospital, dispensary, etc., and on behalf of the household. The Head of the household where one or more persons are working. need not necessarily be the eldest male member, but may even be a female or a younger member of either sex. You need not enter into any long argument about it but record An E~tablishment may occupy a census house or a the name of the person who is recognised by the Household group of census houses or a part of a census house. as its Head. In the case of institutions like boarding houses, messes, chummeries which should be regarded as households 41. This column applies only in cases where the census of un-related persons living together and which may be house is used as an Establishment as defined above. Some­ called Institutional Households, the manager or supermten­ times the act of production, processing or servicing may not dent or the person who has administrative responsibility or be apparent especially if carried on as a household industry who by common consent is regarded as the Head should e.g., when a handloom is located inside a house and is not be recorded as the Head of the Household. In the case of in operation at the time of enumerator's visit or if some an absentee de;ure 'Head', the person on whom the respon­ other type of household industry such as papad making or sibility of managing the affairs of the household faUs at toy manufacturing or bidi rolling etc. is done, say in some the time of enumeration, should be regarded as the Head. interior portion of the house. You should make searching enquiries to see if any prodUction, processing or servicing is Col. 10: If S. C. or S. T., write name of caste/tribe done or any business is carried on or any institution is be­ ing run in any part of the house not readily seen from (lut­ 48. You will have been furnished with a list of Sche­ side. duled Castes and Scheduled Tribes notified for your area. Ascertain if the head of the household belongs to a Sche­ duled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe and check whether the If 'Yes' is recorded here, go to the Establishment Sche­ Caste /Tribe is scheduled as per your list. If so, dule, and fill ap further particulars in that Schedule. Please fill in the Serial No. of the entry as given in the Establish­ for Scheduled Caste write "S.C." and record name of ment Schedule in this column after 'Yes'. caste, 12

for Scheduled Tribe write "S.T." and record name of in a flat or a house taken on 'ownership' basis on paytlient tribe, of instalments, should be' regarded as living in its own house, notwithstanding that all instalments have not been paid. for others write "X". 55. If the household lives in rented house write 'R'. A For a household belonging to Scheduled Caste, check reli­ housing unit is rented if rent is paid or contracted for, by the gion of the head of the household. He or she should be occupants in cash or in kind. Where an owne;f1 permits either a Hindu or a Sikh. There cannot be a S.C. in any household to live in a house, rent free even then the house­ other religion. SQheduled Tribes may belong to any religion. hold should be treated as living ~n a rented house. For exam~ pill, rent free accommodation provided to employees by GOV" 49. In a case where the head of the household belongs emment, Institutions, Companies etc. In such cases, yoll to Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe even if any other mem­ should treat the house as rented and write 'R'. ber of the household (except institutional households) does not belong to SC/ST then write SC/ST as the caSe may be Cols. 13 to 15: No. of persous normally residinll in census and mention the Caste/Tribe to which he belongs. On the household on day of the visit of the enume­ other hand if the head does not belong to SC/ST but any rator other member of the household does belong to SC/ST; write 'X' in this column. 56. Enter the number of males normally residing in the household in column 13; female in coL 14 and total number of persons in column 15 (CoL 13+Co!. 14). In the caSe of all 'Institutional Households' write 'X' in this column irrespective of whether the head belongs to 57. In these columns normal residents are to be record­ a S.C./S.T. or not. ed even though some of them may be absent on the day o.f enumerator's visit. Casual visitors should be excluded as thel' will be considered at their respective places of nor­ Col. 11: No. of til'inK rooms in the occupation of Census mal residence. But a person who has stayed with the house­ Household hold for a period of 3 months or more should however, be included. Correspondingly, normal residents absent for 51. A room should have four walls with a door way with over 3 months or more should be excluded from the house' a roof over head and should be wide and long enough for a hold in which they normally reside. person to sleep in i.e. it should ha.ve a length of not less than 2 metres and a breadth of at least 1t metres, and 2 metres Total of these columns should be struck at the end of in height. An enclosed room, however, which is used in com­ each page and after completion of houselisting grand total mon for slel:ping, sitting, dining, storing and cooking etc., of the .block should be struck at the bottom of the last form. should be regarded as a room. An unenclosed verandah, kit­ chen, store, garage, cattle-shed and latrine and rooms in whicr Col. 16: Does the household cultivate Iland? (Yes or No) a household industry such as a handloom is located which 58. If the household is cultivating any land then you are not normally usee.bk for living or sleeping etc., are eX­ have to record the answer 'Yes' otherwise 'No'. For deter­ clUded from the definition of a room for the purpose of this mining whether a household is cultivating or not, it should column. be necessary to ascertain if one or more persons in the household are engaged in cultivation of land or supervision 52, If there is only one household in a census house or direction of cultivation of land owned or held from the counting of rooms will not be difficult. But if a census Government or from private persons or Institutions for pay· house consists of a number of households, the number of ment in money, kind or share. Encroachers who cultivate rooms occupied by each household has to be entered against land encroached upon will be regarded as cultivating house­ the name of each Head of household. In cases where a room holds for the purposes of this column. If the household is occupied by more than one household or they share more has a visitor who cultivates land elsewhere, it can not be than one room, the number of rooms should be given together! deemed that the household as such is a cultivating house­ against a bracket as common to such households. hold, unless the Head/or other members of the household are engaged in cultivation of their own, the household should 53. One is likely to come across conical shaped hut or not be rec]coned as a cultivating household. A household tent in which human-beings reside. In such improvised ac­ whose members merely work on somebody else's land for commod3jtion, there will be no four walls to a room and wages should not be treated as a cultivating household. therefore, the above definition would not strictly apply to such types of accommodation. In such cases, the tent or conical Col. 17: Remarks hut etc., may in itself be construed to be a room, 59. If there is an entry in Col. 6 as "Vacant", you have to record the reason such as "dilapidated", "under repair", Col. 12: Does the household live in owned or rented hQuse : "incomplete construction", "want of tenant" etc. in this (i) Owned(O), (ii) Rented (R) column. 51. If a household is occupying a census house owned 60. After you have completed filling up of the house­ by itself and is not paying anything to anybody in the fOlflll list for your block, you will prepare a duplicate copy of the of rent then the household may be considered as Hving in own houselist, for which you would be given adequate number house. This should be recorded by '0'. A household living of blank forms. PART Il-ESTABLISliMEN'f SCHEDULE

61. Instead of loading the main Houselist form itself particulars of the single tea facto~y or ~!itablishment enler­ with questions pertaining to Establishments, it has been ed in the subsequent columns agamst thiS group of houses. decided to have a separate schedule in which particulars of If on the other hand the activities of a large firm or an each estahlishment are to be recorded. (See the Establish­ office are carried on in buildings located far away in ment Schedule given at the cnd of this Appendix.) different localities, eaw of the Census houses in the diffe­ rent localities will have to be treated as a separate establish­ 62. The term "Establishment" has been defined in ment and the particulars of the establishment relating to para 40 of this booklet. You are requested to study it that particular Census house should be listed in this sche­ c3Ifefully, before filling the 'Establishment Schedule' . dule.

. 63. ~'he respondents should be jully assured thai the Col. 3: Name of the Establishment or of the proprietor injormation collected in these schedules will be treated as completely confidential and is meant jar statistical purposes 69. In this column write the name of the establishment and will not be used as evidence against any individual or in the case of factories, large manufacturing concerns, a establishment jor any purpose. The respondents should be shop or business establishment, banks, office etc, which encouraged to furnish truthful replies without any reserva­ usually bear a distinct name. Where an establishment has tion. no separate name as in the case of small workshops and establishments like confectionaries, small tea shops, Dhobi's 64. At the top of the schedule provlSlon is made for establishment, household industries etc., write the name of noting the Location Code No. and name of the areas the owner as "So and so's Halwai shop" etc. This is to concerned. This should be the same as those noted on the help easy identification. top of the Houselist which you will be canvassing simu­ ltaneously. You should fill the Location Code Nos. etc., Col. 4: Is the Estabtishmeni-(a) Govt./Quasi Govt. (b) correctly. Private (c) Co-operative Institution

65. The columns of the Establishment Schedule can 70. Enter here whether establishment enumerated be classified into four broad groups: belongs to public sector i.e .• Govt./Quasi Govt. managed, including establishments run by local authorities, or to Ci) Columns 1 to 5 are of uniform applicability private sector, or a co-operative enterprise. Please do not and entries have to be made in respect of all write in the column only (a) or (b) or (c) but write the establishments. (I) "Govt.-Public Sector, or Quasi Govt.-Public (ii) Columns 6 to 8 pertain to manufacturing, pro­ Sector, or Local Authority-Public Sector. cessing, etc.-establishments; (2) Private (iii) Columns 9 to H) relate to trading establish­ or ments; and (3) Co-operative. (iv) Column 11 refers to "other" Establishments which are not covered in columns 6 to 10. There may be many schools or libraries etc. which are not owned by any particular individual or group of indivi­ Thus, it will be seen that the columns falling within duals. These may be owned by people in general and groups (ii) to (iv) are mutually exclusive, while those III managed by Managing Committees. Such establishments group (i) are common to all. should be treated as "private" as distinguished from Govt./ Quasi Govt. or run by local authorities or co-operative Col. 1: S1. No. enterprises. / 66. In this column the establishments are to be enter­ 71. As establishment will be trellited as a Govt./Quasi ed one after another serially. Arabic numerals should be Govt. institution if the Central or State Govt. or a Local used for this purpose, i.e .• 1, 2, 3 etc. Authority such as the Zilla Parishad, City Corporation or Col. 2:' Census House No. Municipality etc. completely owns or has a majority of shares as to control the management of the establishment 67. The Census house number to be noted is the same as that in column 3 of the Houselist and against 72/. Private establishments are those owned and which 'Yes' is written in column 7 of the Houselist indi­ managed by private individuals or corporate bodies not cating that the Census house is used as an establishment. being co-operative institution or Govt. or Quasi Govt. Institutions. 68. A point to be noted here is that it is likely that a single factory or workshop may be spread over more than one Census house adjoining one another. Therefore, while 73. Establishments Registered under 1h.. co-operative in Col. 2 of this schedule a number of Census houses may Societies Registration Law of the State, alone fall in the be noted in respect of that particular unit of production, category of "Co-operative". processing or repairinJg, trade or business etc .. the entries in Col. 3 onwards will be one only for that group of Col. 5: Average number of persons worldng daily last week houses covered by a single unit of production or business or in the last working season, includiing proprietors etc. establishment. For example, if a single tea factory in and/or family workers Assam or business establishment in Calcutta should be spread over two or three adactnt building, each of the 74. In this column, the information has to be enteTed buildings should not be shown as a separate factorv or relating to the total number of workers including the ap: establishment but the House Nos. of all these buildings prentices, paid or unpaid and also including owner(s) or shown in Col. 2 should be bracketted together and the proprietor(s) of the establislnnent and any of their fllmilv 73 74 APPENDIX

members if they also work in the establishment and also 81. (ii) Participation : -The Head of the household the hired workers, if any. It is not necessary that an esta­ and/or one or more members of the household must parti­ blishment should necessarily have paid workers. A small cipate, in such an industry. If it is run primarily by hired shop run in the same house where the owner lives and the labourers, the 'participation' ingredient of the household business is attended to by just one person of the household members will not be satisfied and it will not be a 'House­ is also an establishment. The average number of persons hold Industry'. The industry ,may run with the help of working per day in the establishment during the week pre­ hired workers but the head and/or members of the house­ ceding the day of your visit should be recorded. For com­ hold must be mainly participating in the industry and not puting the average number of persons working per day, if solely dependent on hired workers. Besides "actual work", the establishment remained closed owing to holiday etc., participatIOn also includes "supervision and direction". such· day(s) should be ignored and only the 'days' on which the establishment worked should be taken into account. 82. (iii) Location: The industry should be located If during the week preceding your visit, the establishment within the premises of the house where the household lives remained closed either due to strike or lock -out, the week in urban areas; it it is situated at a place other than at dUring. which the establishment worked preceding such home, it will not be termed as household industry in urban strike or lock-out should be taken into account for reckon­ areas. In rural areas, however, the industry may be either at ing the average number of persons working. The hired home. or anywhere within the village limits. In rural areas, workers should normally be in full time employment. even though, the industry is not situated at home, there is a gr,eater possibility of the members of the household parti­ 75. Some establishments such as a sugar factory, rice cipating in it if it is located within the village limits. mill etc., may be seasonal in character and may not be actually working at the time of the present listing. You 83. (iv) Size : -The industry should not be on the should then ascertam the partlculars of such establishments scale of a registered factory. Irrespective of the location with reference to the last' working season. and participation by the members of the household, if the industry or workshop is registered under the Factories Act, then it will not be a household industry. 76. In case more than one product is produced, or more than one item of business is conducted or several 84. Thus it will be clear that any industry which can types of services are rendered, it is not necessary to en­ be termed as 'Household Industry' must satisfy' all the four quire the number of persons employed in the production/ ingredients mentioned above. busin~ss/servicing of each type of product, business or ser­ vice that is covered against that serial number. For 85. (b) Registered Factory :-A factory which is regis­ example in a large textile mill there may be the weaving tered under the Indian Factories Act should be treated as section, dyeing section, laboratory, repairing section sales a "Registered Factory". Any other workshop merely section etc. It is not necessary to ascertain the employment licenced by the Municipal or any other authority or regis­ in each section. The total employment has to be ascertain­ tered for any other purpose should not be treated as a ed. The major activity of the establishment will be describ­ regIstered factory unless it is registered under the Indian ed in mbsequent columns. Factories Act.

Cois. 6, 7 and 8: If any manufacturing processing or servic­ 86. (c) Unregistered Workshop :-Workshop is a place ing is done where some kind of 'production' processing, servicing, re­ pamng or making of goods for sale is going on. A work­ shop which is registered under the Indian Factories Act 77. These columns relate only to such establishments should be treated as a registered factory and others as in which goods are manufactured or some kind of pro­ unregistered workshopS!. Workshops which are run as cessing or servicing is done and/or repairs are carried on. household industry should be treated as household industry and entered as such.

Col. 6: Is ,it (a) Household Industry (b) Registered Factory 87. When you come across an establishment where (c) Unregistered workshop some kind of manufacturing, processing or servicing etc., is done, you should, ascertain whether it is a Household 78. (a) Household Industry: Definition Industry or a registered factory or a workshop not register­ ed under the Factories Act and write whatever it actually A 'Household Industry' is defined as an industry COll­ is in this column. Please note that workshops merely ducted by the Head of the household himself/herself and I licenced or entered in the registers of a local authority or mainly by. the members of the household at home or are not to be considered as registered factories unless regis­ within the village in rural areas, and only within the pre­ tered under the Indian Factories Act. All workshops other mises of the house where the household lives in urban areas. than household industries and not registered under the The industry should not be run on the scale of a register­ Indian Factories Act should be treated as unregistered ed factory. workshops even if they are merely licenced as workshops by the local authorities. Please do not write (a) or (b) or (e) in the column but write "Household Industry", or "Regis­ 79. Thus. there are four ingredients of a household tered Factory" or "Unregistered Workshop", as the case industry:- may be.

(i) nature of activity Col. 7: Description of the, products, processin~ or servicin~ (ii) participation done (iii) location 88. The description of the actual work relating to product, processing and servicing which is done in the (iv) size Household Industry, factory or workshop that is being listed is to be recorded here, e.g., handloom weaving, lace 80. (i) Nature of activity :-A Household industry knitting, oil #lani etc., manufacturing of G.I. pipes, electro­ should relate to production, processing, servicing, repairing, plating, motor or cycle repairing, iron foundry, paper or making and selling (but not merely selling) of goods. It making or book binding, printing and dyeing, shoe making, does not include profession such as a pleader or doctor or sweetmeat making etc. If in any establishment more than barber, musici'an, dancer, washerman (Dhabi). astrologer one article is produced or more than one kind of processing etc. or merely trade or business even if such professions or servicing or repairing is done, indicate only the major trade or !.ervices are conducted at home by members of kind of products or f'rc (e~sing or repairing or servicing hO\lstrho!d. etc, INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILLING UP THE HOUSELIST AND ESTABLISHMENT SCHEDULE 75 Col. 8: Type of fuel or power used 95. You may come across certain establishments where­ in both types of trade i.e. whol'esale and retail go on. In (i.e. 89. Enter here the description of the power Of fuel such cases, you sho~ld ascertain in which category used for the running of the factory, workshop (or house­ wholesale or retail) the volume of trade is greater and re­ hold industry if it is run on power or fuel). The fuels can cord the category accordingly. be kerosene, soft coke, petrol, diesel, gas, coal, wood, etc., Electricity and steam etc. are some. of the sources of 96. In the case of establishments rendering commercial power. Some units may be run by ammal power such as services, e.g., bank 'etc., please do not write any of the two oil ghani. Some may be run by merely human energy s~ch categories i.e., 'wholesale' or 'rellail' but put an 'X' in this as carpet -making, pottery making etc. En~er the desc~1 p­ column. tion of fuel or Dower used for the productIOn, processmg, servicing etc., that is carried on in the establishment. The~e Col. 11 : If any establishment, describe may be instances where more than one fuel or P?wer IS used as otber e.g., Govt. office, school, Hospital, Railway Station, used in such cases, only th~ fuel or power which IS used Barber's Salloon, Cinema Theatre, Hotel, Tea shop, in ~nning the primary unit of the industry will be noted etc. in this column. 97. Two specific types of establishments haVe been covered in columns 6 to 10. Column 11 relates to the re­ 90. Columns 9 and 10 are to be RUed in respect of maining types of establishments not covered by columns 6 trading establishments or establishments which render com. to 10. You have to describe such establishments in this merciai serviCes only, column, e.g., Gov!. Office, school, hospital, Railway Station, orphanage, Rescue Home, Barber's saloon, cinema theatre, hotel, tea shop, lawyer's office, doctor's clinic, laundry, etc. 91. Trading or business establishments are those where some trading i.e., transactions involving sale and! or pur­ General: chase of goods go on. 98. It is possible that in a particular establishment, more than one activity is being undertaken within the same Establishments rendering commercial services are the premises. For example, say in a betel shop, bidi rolling is banks, money lending firms, Pawn shops, etc. also being undertaken or in a grocery shop a flour mill ill also located, or in the doctor's clinic medicines are sold. In such cases, the establishment should be identified having Col. ,: Description of goods bought/sold regard to the major activity and recorded as such in the relevant columns pertaining to the major activity. 92. If it is a trading establishmeIlt, you should ascer­ tain what are the goods bought and/or sold and write the 99. But if different activities are undertaken in different description in this column. If there are more than one census houses quite cut off from one another though under type of goods bought/sold by the establishment, you should the same title or ownership, each such census house should give description of the main item of goods bought/sold by be treated as a separate establishment and recorded as such' the establishment. against that census house in this schedule. It may, how­ ever, be noted that where processing for the prodUction of an article is carried on, in separate adjoining census houses, 93. In the case of establishments rendering commercial all the census houses should be treated as a single establish­ services such as in the caSe of Banks etc., you should write ment and recorded as such. If on the other hand the acti­ the description of the services rendered as in the caSe of a vities of a large firm or an office are carried on in build­ bank, you should write "banking services". ings located far away in different localities, each of the census houses in the different localities will have to be treated as a separate establishment and the particulars of Col. 10: Whether (a) wholesale or (b) retail the establishment relating to that particular census house should be listed in this schedule. 94. For all trading establishments, you should ascertain 100. Mter you have completed filling up of the Esta­ in respect of the goods mentioned in column 9, whether blishment Schedule for your block, you will prepare a they are sold/bought in wholesale or in retail and write as duplicate copy of the Establishment Schedule, for which the case may be, you would be given adeqUate number of blank forms. CENSUS OF HOUSE Name of District ...... """ .. ,,. "" .. "."." .. ". ". Code No .... "."""" ...... ,, " ...... Name of TalukjTahsiljThanajAnchaI/Tsland ...... Code No ......

----~------~------~~---~-~--~ -~--~~------

predominant cOllstruction material of Purpose for which Cen- Is it used ~holIY sus House is used e. g. Or partly as an Building Census House residence, shop, shop. establishment ? No. (Muni· cum-residence, busin"ss, Yes 0:' No. If yes, cipal or Line Ccnns factory, workshop, work- enter further deta- No. Local Auth· House No. ority or shop-cum-residence, ils in the Establish· Census No.) school, bank, commer- ment scheaule and Material of Wall Material of Roof cial house, dIke, hoop i- indicate the serial tal, hetel, etc, or vaCant No. of that entry here

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -----1----

--~~----- 1-----

._----_._----

......

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------_

. . . . ~~ ~----~"-" ~ ..------.. -.~ ... ---.------

Note: please do not write in thr inCols.4,5, 6,10,& 12 the Tabulation offices for Signature of Enumerator ...... Date ...... , INDIA 1971 ENGLISH LIST Name of Village or Town ...... Code No ...... Name or number of Ward/Mohalla/Enumerator's Block ...... Code No ......

.--~-~------~-- -~ .--~-- ---~--- If used wholIy or partly as a residence No. of persons normally No. of residing in Census House­ Does the hold on day of visit of the Does the living househOld house- rooms enumerator Household Name of the Head C. or S. T., write live in owned hold cul- Remarks us. in (he or rented No. of Huuschold name ofCastejTl'ibe tivate occup­ house? land? ation of (Yes or Census (i) Owned (0) Males Pemals'! Total No) House­ (ii) Rented(R) hold -----.------_._-.. ------_ ------8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 ------~------.---- 1----

------J-----_ ------,----

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, ...... ------1------

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------_.- I -----!..------:_-----~------.....:,.------'------__,_----'------Total spaces enclo>ed by dotted lines -These a'e meant for use in I cOding. Signature of Supervisor ...... Dated ""'"

11-1 Census Andhraj73 77 78

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I : : ·.. 1· .. · · ...

I . : ! o ,"'I' "'I! ....

I I APPENDIX-II SCHEME ON PERMANENT HOUSE NUMBERING CHAPTER-I INTRODUCTION

Objectives lute stranger on entering a village Of town should be able to easily locate a reqt1ired building or h9use Wlt~ the ~elp An essential prerequisite of a Census Operation is of an intelligible system of house numbermg. It IS also Im­ to have a proper system of house numbering under which portant that there should be no duplication or mUltiplication the smallest Census unit can be easily identified and locat­ of house numbers as it sometimes happens when different ed. The objective of the house numbering scheme is to agencies paint different house numbers on houses to suit have a uniform system of house numbering throughout the their needs; only one good and permanent system should be country and to maintain it effectively and continuously so able to serve the purposes of all. that it can serve all purposes, official as well as non-official, requiring the location of the citizen at his household or the 2. The adoption of the scheme o~ Pe~m~ne!lt I;Iouse location of a house. The principle underlying the scheme Numbering on a scientific and systematlc baSIS IS mevltable is that each social' unit, i.e., a dwelling with a separate main in modem times and is in the interest alike of all the entrance should be readily identifiable from outside at any various branches of administration and the pUblic. There time by the number which will not change normally but are considerable variations in regard to the practices in house which will attach itself to the social unit so long as it exists. numbering prevailing in the yarious States w~e~e some sys­ The a,dvantage of having such a permanent scheme of house tem of house numbering eXlsts. Some va,na!tons may be numbering is obvious and it is in the interest of persons liv­ due to local conditions and the others may be due to the ing in the houses as well as of the locat authNities and the absence of a co-ordinating agency. In order to achieve,. as Government to maintain the house numbers. Day after day far as possible, a uniform system of house numbermg the need for locating every house and household is increas­ throughout the country with complete coverage and. least ingly felt for purposes, such as providing postal and tele­ variations between the States, the Office of the Registrar graphic services, health and family planning programmes, General India Ministrv of Home Affairs, Government of socio-economic surveys, preparation of electoral rolls, hous­ India i~sued ~ Manuai of Instructions which provides an ing and popUlation Censuses and so on. A good house outli~e and brief discussions of most of the details which numbering system will serve the needs of the public, the should be considered by the State Governments for imple­ local authorities, all Government departments and all other menting the house numbering scheme in their States. agencies who have to deal with the location and identification of tlle household. This is one of the basic needs of proper administration and it is unfortunate that in most areas 3. The Manual of Instructions issued by the Office of except on the eve of the Census taking when some tempo­ the Registrar General, India, has been adopted in this rary house numbering is done, no permanent system of house Manual suitably ini:orporating herein the instructions issued num bering prevails. It should be the objective in Circular No. 2 bv the Superintendent of Census Opera­ of a good house numbering scheme that even an abso- tions. Andhra Pradesh, during the 1961 Census Operations.

CHAPTER II AGENCY AND UNITS FOR HOUSE NUMBERING State Level and District Level Committees (3) Director of Municipal Administration Member (4) Director of Town Planning . These official committees consisting of executives are intended to assist the State Government and District Collec· (5) R~presentative of Posts and Telegraphs tors for implementing the Permanent HOuse Numbering Department (Director of Postal Services, Scheme in the State. Andhra Circle)

2. The Additional Registrar General, India, Ministry of The Superintendent of Census Operations is the Conve­ Home Affairs, Government of India, while enclosing a copy nor of the State Level Committee. of Manual of Instructions to implement a Scheme on Per­ manent House Numbering on a. country wide basis, request­ I>istrict Level Permanent House Numbering Committee: ed the State Government to consider and implement the sug­ (I) ColleCtor of the District Chairman gestions contained in the Manual' so as to bring the existing house numbering syslem up-Io-date. After careful considera .. (2) Rel)re&entatives of Panchayati Raj insti- tion and after consulting the concerned departments the Gov" 1tl(ions ernment of Andhra Pradesh decided to constitute two com' mittees one at State level and the other at District level. Th~ (a) Secretary, Zilla Parishad . Member composition of the State Level Permanent House Numbering (b) BlOCk Development Officer, Pan- Committee and the District Level Permanent House Num­ chayat Bamithi . . . . hering Committee ordered to be constituted in Government (c) E)(ecutin Authority or Executiw " Order Ms. No. 576, Home (Elections-B) Department, dated Officers of Gram Panchayat. . 24th April, 1968 is as follows: " (3) Secretary to Municipalities • State Level Permanent House Numbering Committee: " (4) A representative each of :- (I) Chief Electoral Officer . Chairman (a) Project Administration (2) Joint Secretary to Government,Panchayati (b) Railway Colonies R,aj Department. , , . . Member (c) Cantonment areas . 79 80 APPENDIX II

3. At the district level the District ColLector is entrusted PREPARATION OF A GOOD PLAN OF HOUSE NUM· with the responsibility of giving eITect to the system of house BERING AND HOUSELISTING numbering and he will nominate one of the members as Convenor of the District Level Committee. The Colleelor Naming of Streets will of course, Use the agency of the Panchayati Raj Insti­ tutions, the Municipal authorities, the Revenue authorities It will greatly facilitate location of house numbers if and others in getting through the work. every road and street in every town and village is glven a definite name. In several towns the streets, though not all, 4. In order to have effective implementation of the are generally named. There are a number not yet named. House Numbering Scheme in the district, it is also decided It will be desirable as a preliminary step to get all the roads to have representatives of Project Administrations, Railwa} and streets in every village and town properly named. Often Colonies, Military Area" etc., in the District Committees, times the roads and streets are named after historical perso­ which have to deal with cities or towns like Hyderabad, nages, national leaders and even local personalities. There Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Guntur, Guntakal and Reni­ can be no objection to this. But where a controversy is likely gunta. to arise it is desirable to name a road or street by some per­ manent feature of the place such as say, Sivam temple street, Railway Station road, Stadium road, Mosque street, etc., etc. Urban Areas The Municipalities and Panchayats should be persuaded to get all the roads and streets properly named. 5. The Commissioners of City Corporations and Secreta­ ries and Executive Officers of Municipalities, the Executive Preparation of Notional Maps Officers of Cantonments, the Administrative Officers of Pro­ jects such as Bharat Heavy Electricals, Ramachandrapuram, 2. Rural Area.\·: The first step to be taken before the Synthetic Drugs, Balanagar and of other companies, the Exe­ actual affixing of house numbers on doors is to prepare a cutive Offioers of Major Panchayats are responsible for the rough notional map of the entire village and decide on introduction and maintenance of the Permanent System of whether the village should be subdivided into blocks and if House Numbering Scheme in their respective areas. so how? Normally a small village of less than 125 houses need not be subdivided into blocks. But if a village has one or more hamlets. irrespective of the size, it is desirable to Rural Areas divide the area of the village into blocks so that each hamlet 6. In the rural areas, the Panchayats arc responsible for with the adjoining area is recognised as a separate block of maintenance of Permanent House Numbering System. a village. It is important that the dividing lines between one block and another should be clearly demarcated. Such divid­ Area Units under the House Numbering Scheme ing lines, besides following some natural boundaries where­ ver possible should also be indicated by the Survey numbers 7. Urban Areas: The area falling within the defined that fall on either side of the dividing line in cadastrally sur­ limits of a Municipal Corporation, Municipal Town, Canton­ veyed villages. A notional map showing the general topo­ ment, Urban Panchayat or any other Urban unit will be the graphical details of a whole revenue village particularly if a unit for working out a house numbering plan for th~ Urban survey map is already available with the village revenue offi· unit. cials will greatly help. This notional map should indicate the prominent features and land marks such as the village 8. Rural Areas: In the rural areas, the revenue village site, roads, cart tracks, hills, rivers, nallahs, etc. A model of which has a definite surveyed boundary or the Village Pall­ a notional map is given in Figure 1. Clear demarcation lines chayat if its jurisdiction is coterminous with a revenue village, of blocks are important so that any structure coming any­ or a cluster of houses with distinct identity bearing a distinct where within the boundaries of a particular block is cover­ name as in tribal habitations in the midst of forests, etc., will ed by a specific block without giving scope for any doubt. form the units under the house numbering scheme. If the It mav be desirable to define at the foot of the map the reserve forest is part of a Panchayat, i.e., if the Panchayat boundaries of each block clearly. has administrative jurisdiction over the reserve forest, the reserve forest should be treated as a part of the Panchayat; 3. Having thus prepared the village map, then each hlock otherwise, it should be treated as a separate and distinct of the village as demarcated on the village map should be unit. As the jurisdictions of Panchayats are likely to change taken up for a detailed sketching of the layout. In this often on various considerations such as population size, poli­ detailed sketch the emphasis is mainly on the layout of the tical considerations, etc., it is desirable to have a more per­ houses in the village site. The sketch should show aly the manent unit, viz., the revenUe village as a permanent house roads, streets and cart tracks. The names of the streets numbering unit. should be shown on these sketches. All topographical details. important features and public buildings should be promi­ Units for House Numbering nently shown. Then every single building or house should be located on thi, sketch. It will be an advantage if the 9. All structures or parts of structures having separate pucca houses are shown say by a square and the thatched access from a road or common courtyard, staircase, etc., and houses bv a triangle. When once the location of every build· which are normally recognised as separate units for all prac­ ing and house is fixed on the plan it will be a simple matter tical purposes, whether used as dwellings or non-dwellings to decide on a convenient method of numberinil the houses should each bear a distinct house number. When a cluster in one series following certain principles. No hard and fast of structures form one unit as for example, a main build­ rule can be laid as to the direction in which the home num­ ing, out houses and garage within a compound which has a bers should run i.e .. left to right or in a clockwise order or main entrance, then one common number may be given to north-east to south-west and so on. Much depends on the this cluster but with sub-numbers to each separate unit of layout. So long a~ some convenient and intelligible order this cluster. Similarly in rural areas also where a main liv­ is followed it should be all right. The numbers allotted to ing hut. a grain storing shed and a cattle shed are separate each house should be marked on the sketch and with the structures but altogether form one cluster they should be help of arrow marks at intervals, the directions in which the given one main house number with each individual structures house numbers run should be indicated. This is particularly bearing sub-numbers. But if within a large compound a important when streets cut across one another and the house number of independent housing or other building units exist numbering ~eries alon~ a street get interrupted. It will be of as for example, a number of housing units of a railwav advantage if the numbers are roughly marked in pencil on colony within a compound or a factory building and sepa­ this sketch and later verified with the actual state of things rate living quarters within a compound, etc., each should on ground to sec if the order of numbering indicated on the bear distinct house number. At the comoound gate the sketch would be convenient or if anv slight changes are need­ house numbers fa~ling within the compound could' perhaps ed for after all the sketch is only a rough one and the actual be exhibited. state of buildings on ground may suggest a more intelligible SClHEME ON PERMANENT HOUSE NUMBERING 81 order of numbering at some places. It may also help easy to indicate all houses. In such a case a ward map showing identification if the name of the owner or occupier or the the segments and a separate layout map for each one of the purpose for which a house is llsed is also indicated on the segments may be prepared and on these segments the build­ layout sketch at some key points and here and there in (he ings and houses should be clearly located and the house middle of a series also. particularly when there are clusters number shown. It may be an advantage if the non-residell of houses. Whenever old houses are found strewn abtlut tial houses are distinguished from the residential houses by within the area of fields, etc., it will be necessary to indicate showing them in the different colour. Here again the impor­ the survey number in which such isolated houses are located. tant permanent buildings may be indicated such as say town hall, post office, hospital, school, church, market building 4. Where villages are not cadastrally surveyed and the etc. village boundaries not fixed by survey, it is essential that the limits of each village are defined by some permanent features 7. Some sample notional house numbering maps are given at the end of this Appendix. so that it may be known that any house falling in any such flreas may be reckoned along with a particular village, in the Certification of Maps forest areas it may be desirable to take each forest range officer's jurisdiction map and locate all the clusters of habi· !l. The house numbering maps of the villages initially prepared by the Panchayats may be attested by the Executive tations having distinct names, each of which would be treat­ Officers of the Panchayats and certified by the Block Deve­ ed as a separate village for the purpose of house numbering. lopment Officers. Other members of the Block Level Com­ Since it is likely that some of the' tribal habitations may Ill! ttee should check a fair percenta,ge of the maps on the change their location now and then, it is necessary to define licld in their tours. The Revenue Divisional Officers, Tahsil­ dars and Deputy Tahsildars may be instructed to check the the location of a habitation area with reference to any known house numbering in their tours. In Urban areas the Secre­ permanent feature such as a hill stream, a range of hills, taries of the Municipalities and Commissioners of Municipal road and so on. Corporations should attest these maps.

5. Urban Areas: The preparation of notional maps and *Houselisting the house numbering sketches in Urban areas should essen .. 9. On the completion of the preparation of the house tially follow the same procedure as in the rural areas except­ numbering maps, a simple houselist should be prepared in ing that in most urban units the draughtsman of the muni· the form given on next page. cipal administration might have already prepared town maps 10. The houselist serves a very useful purpose to enable perhaps even to scale and these may come extremely useful. the identification of houses and also to rebuild the house It has been found from experience that the boundaries of numbenng system even if the hous,e numbers were to be towns are often times loosely defined and not properly missing. Such a houselist will also be extremely useful in demarcated giving rise to several doubts regarding the areas the conduct of any surveys apart from its utility for the lying on the outskirts of towns. It is important that the map Municipal and Panchayat administration. This houselist should be brought up-to-date annually when the house Ulllh­ should very clearly indicate the boundaries by means of bers are also checked and brought up-to-date. The house­ definite survey numbers and also other permanent features. list can be prepared by any employee of the Municipal or Sometimes one side of a road falls within the town limits Panchayat Office in urban areas and by the Village Pancha­ and the other side excluded along the outer boundaries of vats in rural areas. A cent per c:nt verification should be done by a higher official and ultimately certified by the Muni­ lowns. All these should be carefully verified on ground cipal Commissioner or Block Development Officer, as the before the maps are certified. case may be.

6. The system to be follow~d in the division of tcwns Copies of House NumberinJ: Plans and Houselists to be into convenient locations /wards, blocks or streets for the plrepared purpose of house numbering will be explained later. But J 1. When once the house numbering plans are finalised what is essential is that very detailed plans showing the loca­ and houselists are prepared, six copies should be taken and tion of every building or house along every road and street they should be preserved with the following authorities: in each ward, locality or block of a town should be clearly Rural-Village Karnam/Patwari: one copy; Pancha­ prepared. In view of the very large number and close location yat Office: two copies; Tahsildar: one copy; State Census of houses in urban areas it may be necessary to have a large Office : onc copy; Office of the Commissioner, Panchayati number of sketches each covering a limited area. Each town Raj Department: one copy. would probably have already been divided into some perma· Urban-Municipal or Panchayat Office: three copies; nent mohallas or localities or wards. A large map of the Revenue Divisioml Office: one copy; State Census Office: entire town indicating the boundaries of each of these units one copy; Office of the Director of Municipal Administra­ into which the town has been divided should be prepared. tion: one copy. On this map the main roads and other topographical details and important public buildings, etc., may be shown for clear Standard Size of the Maps identification of the boundaries of each mohalla/locality / 12. To faciiitate the house numbering sketches to be ward, etc. Next a skeleton map of each locality/ward or conveniently bound say for a taluk or a district, as a whole, block should be prepared in which all the roads and streets it will be necessary to prepare these maps on a standard size should be clearly indicated and their names also \\ ritten. of fairly thick paper-probably drawing paper of size Then each building or house should be located on this skele­ 30" x 28" (75 cm. X 70 em. roughly) which is generally ton map. May be that even a lo,cality /ward may be too large available in the market. ._------_._.... _------. *As lh~ VI i lag~ Pan:hwa: sa ,'c i' ;';p )nli ble for h, m1'n'emnce a f hoUl~ numb :ring lh~ CJllcctors are requested to instruci the Village O,TIcers to c)·op~rai,c wi th ~h~ Panchayats .in preparing lh~ n~t iona illllPS, hJus';)\ isls and in numboring the houses. 82 APPENDIX It HOUSELlSI

District...... Block No ...... , ......

1'aluk ...... ' ...... ~ame of loCality/ward No ......

Name of town/village ...... Name and No. of the street ...... • ; ...• (in block letters)

Brief description ofthe house ~ _____A-- _____~ Roof ,----"---....., Purpose fOf which the house Wall Thatch, mud, is used ,-___...A..._ _ _, reinforced ce- ,--___ A. ___, Name of head of household in House Number Mud, brick, stone, ment concrete, Dw~lIing, shop, shop-cum­ respect of dwellings and the ,--___.)0...... _-1 c~m~n\ blocks, a,b~stos sheets, dw~lling, workshop, school, name of the firm or other in­ Non-rcsi­ bamboo, wattJe, tin, tiles, stone, tempie, public library, police sti t ution or the proprietor in respect R~lidential dential tin, etc. shingle, etc. station, etc. of non-dwellings

2 3 4 5 6

1(1) Brick R.C.C. Dwelling Ram Singh

1(2) Brick Tiles Dwelling (Servant's quarters) (Vacant)

1(3) Brick Tin Garage Ram Singh

2 Hollow cement Asbestos sheet Workshop Apex Engineering COy. blocks

3 Stone Brick Temple Hanuman Temple

4 Mud Thatch Sho p-Cl(m-d welling Dulasi

5(1) Brick A.C. sheet Hospital Zilla Parishad Hospital

5(2) Brick A. C.sheet Hospital(Isolation shed) -Do.-

S(3) Brick A. C.sheet Dwelling (Doctor's quarters) Dr. Prasad 6 Brick Brick (Madras Shop Babu Lal Cloth Stores terrace)j

7 Mud Mud Dwelling (a) Ram Krishnan (b) Prakash (NOTE-Two households being in one house)

8 Mud Thatch Dilapidated

9 Wood Tin Co-operative shop-cum-dwel- Usman K.han ling

NOTE.-Whl:-re the sam'! structure is partly res.idential and Pltliy non-residential and each portion had not been separately numbered, the common house number should be indicated under residential in column 1 (e.g., house Nos. 4 and 9 in the above specimen form).

Signature of house lister ...... Date •...•.•..••..••.•.

3iguatute uf verifier ....•...•.....•.•.•.•...•.•.•••.•••.•.•... Date •.•.•.••••••..•.•••. SCHEME ON PERMANENt HOUSE NU~RING 83

SYSTEMS OF HOUSE NUMBERING group of adjoining streets or other compact local area with Soon after the skeleton layout maps are prepared and well-defined boundaries.· Each block may have about 100 to before allotting house numbers it should be considered what 125 houses. First of all, each block so formed will be would be the most convenient system of house numbering allotted a block number. Then in each block the houses are numbered in a logical way, each house number being indio that can be introduced as a permanent measure where a sys­ cated by block number and the house number. Thus a num­ tematic house numbering does not already exist. The sk.etches ber bearing 2.30 would mean that it is a house with number referred to in the foregoing paragraphs provide the frame 30 in block number 2 of the town. This system of block­ work. If a convenient system of house numbering is decided house numbering will be adequate in the smaller towns upon it is easy to allot the house numbers to each of the though there is no objection if they followed the system that houses on the sketches and then later get these painted on the will be explained in the next paragraph. houses and the houselist prepared.

Rural Areas (2) Locality I Ward-street-house numbering system-This system is found to be by far the most suitable in all large Small Villages: towns usually divided iIlto well established Mohallas or loca­ 2. In small villages with about 125 houses or less and lities or wards bearing district local names and covered by which do not have separate hamlets, all the houses in the roads, streets, lanes and bye-lanes. Each one of the locali­ village shall be numbered in one series. The numbering may ties will be demarcated and will he allotted a code number. be done clockwise if the houses are scattered or by streets Within each locality each road and a street will also be proceeding from north to south or east to west The num­ allotted separate serial numbers. Along each road or street bering of the houses in each street may be done from east the houses are numbered off in one series. Thus, a house to west or north to south, as the case may be, depending number under this system will be made up of a code indi­ on the axis of the street. If the houses are numbered along cating the locality number, the street number and the house a street, it is better to number the houses continuously on number. Thus a number like 2-4-99 would mean house No. one side of a street and then cross over and continue the 99 in street No. 4 of locality No.2. But in order to obviate numbering on the other side of the street so that the last the need for painting the entire code of three numbers on number is somewhere opposite to where it is started. each door it is suggested that at the end of eadh road and street a prominent metal or enamel plate, cement block or Bigger Villages; wooden board be fixed on which the locality number and the street numbers are marked along with the name of the street. 3. For bigger villages and villages with hamlets, it will Each house in that street or lane will be painted with only be necessary to split up the area into compact blocks with the serial number of the house that falls in that street or about 100 houses (or slightly more or less) in each block. lane. Each block may cOl11lPrise of adjoining streets or other com­ pact local area with well defined boundaries. The blocks shall be first assigned serial numbers in a convenient order. It is likely some times that a large main road such lit Within each block the houses shall be numbered in a sepa­ say, Rashtrapathi Road in Secunderabad, may pass right rate series for each block. The numbering in each block through the city cutting across a number of localities. In may be done clockwise jf the houses are scattered or by such contingencies, a large road can by itself be treated as streets proceeding from north to south or east to west, num­ one locality bearing a locality number and since there will bering in each street being done in a convenient order with be only one road it can bear number 1 for street number reference to the axis of the street. and the buildings can be numbered off continuously right along the entire road. But it may also be possible that some Correct way of indieatinK Block Number and Douse Num­ smaller roads bearing a common name may be cutting ber through more than one locality and it may create some con­ 4. Where a village is split up into blocks for house fusion if the house numbers along this road in each locality numbering purpose and the houses in each block numbered are given separate series of numbers in which case one may in a separate series it is important that the actual number find the same number being painted on the houses falling in to be !)ainted 011 each house should indicate the block num­ the two different localities on the same road through the ber as well as house number, thus : code numbers of the locality and the street might have been indicated on separate boards in each locality. In such cases, 1-15 (Which means House No. 15 in Block No.1). there is no objection if the houses are continuously number­ 2-46 (which means House No. 46 in Block No.2). ed from one end to the other end of the street by one con­ 3-3 (which means House No. 3 in Block No.3). tinuous series even if it passes through more than one loca­ lity but at every end

9. At the beginning and the end of each ,lreet, metal, ·---street-9~~-I-Tanners enamel, wooden or cement boards may be affixed to the wall of the last building indicating tbe numbel and name of the street and the ward number. In the case of a slum or l__ ~~-=-______colOny ~_ similar colony a board may be put at the entry to be shown S!reets crossing each other: Names of Streets to be indi­ at a prominent place. These boards may be in the follow­ cated for each Bit ing form: Strei'l No.1 10. 1£ two streets cross each other within the same ward Temple or locality and the house number along the entire length of Slreet Ward No.4 the street had been done by a single series, it is very impor­ tant to indicate the number and name of the street at the or beginning and end of each bit of the street as given below:

II

WARD I WARD 1

.... IoU"'" ....Ie: lit TEMPLE STREET AI ... u &II ~ II: oC WARD 4 Z WARD J

14

: \ 0' 11. The number and name of the Temple Street and LANE No. 5/1 I Z I LANE No. 5/3 Ward or locality number may be put on cement or wooden tabl·ets at the points marked Xl, X2, X, & X' and AI, N, A' & N. Similarly the number and the name of the Market Street and Ward or locality number may be marked yl, y2, Y' & Y' and BI, B2, B' & BI. This IS F-< .I.l essential for it may be noted that portions of the streets as 1.1.1 I LANE No. 5/4 also either side of the streets fall in different wards though LANE No. 5/2 ~ the house numbers along the entire road may have one com­ .------~ mon series. ;::( ---_._------_----- ~ Numbering of small Lanes leading oft from main Streets ~

12. If there are small lanes branching off from the main roads or streets, it is desirable to relate each lane to one 13. If it is not possible to relate lanes to particular particular main street and each lane allotted a sub-number to streets, it is best that all the streets and lanes are numbered the main street as indicated below. The houses along each off in one continuous series for the entire ward or locality lane will be numbered by an independent series. and lanes numbered by independent series as below' Numbering of House, along So'eets and Lanes and then cross over and then the series continued on the other side of the road till it ends up opposite to where it 14. The numbering of houses along each street or lane should run in one continuous series on one side of the road was started as below :

~ .~ RAILWAV STATION ROAD (ST'REET NO.5'

(STREET NO.9)

-o SCHEME ON PERMANENT HOUSE NUMBERING S7

15. This system is preferable to the one where even allotted sub-numbers by adding an alphabet to the lower of numbers are glven on one side and odd numbers on the other the two exis.ting hous.e numbers between which the new cons­ side of the road. But where the houses are fairly regularly tructions have come up. Supposing two new houses are cons­ const.ructed in well planned cities, as for example, New tructed between two buildings bearing any house numbers 4 DeIhl, where the odd numbers are gIven on one side and even and 5, the new constructions will be numbered as 4-A and numbers on the other, it is ideal and should be adhered to. 4-B. If another new house comes up between house No. 4-A and 4-B, it can be numbered 4 A-I. If a new house should Change of Locality or Blocks come up between house No.4 and 4-A it can be numbered as 4-1. If on the other hand the new constructions come up 16. If some portion has been added to the existing Pan­ at the very end of a street where the last number of the exist­ chayat Of Municipality, the following procedure may be ing series of house numbers terminate, then the new houre~ adopted. The portion added may be treated as a new -loca­ will be allotted numbers in continuation of the series. Thus lity or block and the houses anc streets may be numbered the house numbenng can be brought up-to-date periouicalry. accordingly. The rough plans and the key list of the Pan­ [f a large number of constructions come up anew as when chayat or Municipality may be amended correspondinglv. It a new colony springs up then it will be desirable to treat it is necessary that the painting of numbers on the doors of the as a separate street, block or locality and the houses in that buildings are checked by the concerned authorities. The new colony given a separate series of numbers. The new remaining houses in the block or blocks affected in the vil­ locality, block or street numbers, as the case may be, can be lage should be renumbered. The specific order of the Gov­ allotted as alphabetical appendage to the adjoining localIty, ernment may be taken in all such cases. block or street. After a few years if the entire face of an area is changed by a series of new constructions demanding a complete revision of the old house numbering system, then MAINTENM"CE OF HOUSE NUMBERS it will be advantageous to completely revise and introduce a fresh system of house numbering obliterating all old num­ It is important that house numbers should be well main­ bers. tained on a permanent basis both in rural and urban areas. The responsibility for ma-intenance rests with the Panchayat 2. Whenever new constructions come UP and fresh house in the rural and executive authorities in the urban areas. It numbers are allotted care should be taken to ensure that .the is the responsibility of these authorities to see that every house numbering sketch and the houselist are also brought building or hut has been numbered in accordance with the up-to-date. Illstructions whether situated in a Municipality, TownshIp, Panchayat, Estate or settlement in the forest. New construc­ ANNUAL VERIFICATION OF HOUSE NUMBERS tions should be assigned house numbers immediately after they have come into being, The numbers to be allotted Certificate should fit into the general system of house numbering. 3. The house numbering shall be verified annually. It Whenever new constructions come up in between two houses will be brought up-to-date and a certificate shall be furnished already bearing house numbers, the new, houses should be in the prescribed proforma given below: .

CERTIFICA 'J:E House Numbers ...... , ...... , .. , .Maintenance ... , ...... Annual Verification ..•. , ...... Certificate for the year ending 31st March ...... , ...... District ...... '" ...... ,...... Village ...... , ... , ...... •...... " Taluk ...... Town ------_ Name of 10;llity T eltal nu.nb~r of b:ridings at Total nUmb)f of blildings Total number of buldings at or block in the the beginning of the added during the year the end of the financia I seri al order of financia I year ,.-___ ---A.year_____ , the I ocaE t y or r-----..A.----.-., r-.----..A..----, Remarks block numb~r Non-residen- Non-residen- Non-residen­ Residential tial Residential tial Residential tiai ------2(a) 2(b) 3(a) 3(b) 4(a) 4(b) 5

NOTE-In column (5) specify the new house numb~rs added (s~plra'ely under Residential and Non-residential) and the number of houses demolished during the year, as follows and also any other explanatory remarks considered necessary.

Vacant Numbers ..... , ...... New Numbers ...... , ...... Residential ...... Non-residential...... Certified that the house numbers have been marked and mlintained correctly in all Cases and that the plans and keys to the plans have been duly maintained in accordance with the instructions issued by Government. Signature ...... , ...... Designation ...... , •... (PreSident-Gram Panchayat/Executive Officer/Municipal Secretary/Commissioner) • 88 APPENDIX II 4. The dates on which these certificates should be fur­ 8. The annual verification certificates shOll ld be attached nlshe

7. The certificate should be prepared in duplicate and Expenditure on House Numbering one copy will be retained with the local authority and the other sent to the Taluk Office. In respect of Municipalities, 11. The maintenance of house numbering is primarily the while one copy of the verification certificate will be filed in responsibility of the local bodies and other concerned autho­ the office, another copy should be sent to the Revenue Divi­ rities. Hence the expenditure incurred on house numbering sional Officers. The correctness of the certificate may be and their maintenance should be met by the respective Pan­ checked by the Deputy Tahsildars, Tahsildars, or District chayat. Municipalities, Corporations, Cantonment Boards. Panchayat Officers in respect of Gram Panchayats during the Shipyards. Strictly Military Areas, Townships, Companies. course of their tours. The Tahsildars and the Revenue Divi­ etc. sional Officers should report to the Collectors that the annual verification certificates have been obJained from all rural and 12. In cases where some portions of a revenue village fall urban units in their jurisdiction. In the case of Hyderabad in the jurisdiction of more than one Pancha yat, the house Municipal Corporation the Commissioner will be responsible numbering should be done by the panchayat wherein the to get the house numbering verified and certified by the Ward major portion of the Revenue village or its hamlets fall and Officers. A consolidated certificate for the whole office may, the cost of house numbering may be apportioned among the however, be furnished to the District Collector of Hyderabad. respective Panchayals. SCHEME ON PERMANENT HOUSE NUMBERING 89 VILLAGE NOTIONAL MAP " w

BLOCK 4

BLOCK 2

BLOCK 3

BLOCK BOUNDARY -.-.-

CART TRACK

SURVEY NO. 5. NO. 90 APPENDIX II SCHEMB ON PERMANENT H011SB NUMB'ilRING 91

VILLAGE PLAN APPENDIX I HOUSE NUMBERING PLAN (FOR RURAL·AREA) !'j,,,,, ,nd number of the District •• NIZAMA8AD 12 Name and number of the Taluk •• NIZAMA8AD

1':.10' and number of the Village, J(AMAPURAM 30

N"te.• ·In,· Namti.,..d Qu/llberJ gl.en are nOIIOllal.}

VILLAGE SITE

/J:>/ ey./ ~ 1JiJ/ /!};/, I ,/ , I l I &;/ f!!;/ /I I $;,I

TOPI

KEY TO THE PLAN

S£RIAl IIJOS. Of TH£ HOUSES TOTAL NO. IN THE VILLAG( Of Hews RESIDENTIAL NON-RESlOENTIAL IN THI VJU.AGI

Ico7,'tolJ, e."dl) 1! 14rg7S, , 92 APPENDIX II

APPENDIX II HOUSE NUMBERING PLAN ('OR RURAl.. AREA) Name and number of the District .. NIZAMABAD 11

Name and number of the Taluk· .. NIZAMABAD I

Name and Dumber of the Village. ·AMIRPET 35

Not~., me N~mes l~d numbers gIven if. flotlMal. VILLAGE PLAN

BLtJeK t

/ / ,,-' / / /' / ts ( \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ . \ \ \ \

TIMMAPU" ROAD _ ...... --~- --+---r- _....-p. __ , _ _.-_--_ ..... - ~ - _.,.--

OAn APPENDIX II 93

APPENDIX II (caNTO.)

BLOCK 2

TIM M I>., ru.'\ i' C) AD ~ ------.....:..-.. ------~ -~, i--T""""T--.,-,-_-,-':-r-_",""..,- - "I -;_1~I~IVT~GL:P lIb.l~i \, "4. [ \ \ \ \ \ \ I '\ I ~. \ r-- ..... ---- I \_/

8LOCK3

___ '_'_' ~ , ",/ " ,/'

/" .-'---,/

KEY TO THE PLAN

SfP,IA!,. NOS, OF THE HOUSES TOTA' NO )N THE BtOCK BlCXK f'.tOS Of H{)\JSIS NON. R!SIDINTIAl RESIDlNTIAL IN THE 8lOCl( 3 to I), IS:,J 92 r, 2, 14,93. \ 105 SICN"TUIH 959',9f!toI05 94 and 97 I toSI, 5] to 6l! 1 Sl.69and70 73 l/ld 71 t() 73

J I to 1'1 and 3/1064 JO , " TOTAL m 10 I 2~2 .--~------~

12-1 Census Andhrai73 94 APPENDIX II

.PF'ENDIX In HOUSE NUMBERING PLAN I FOR URE AN AREA I

Name and number of the District. ~ • • KRISHNA 4 N.me and num",r of !he "[.Jux • • GOPALAPURAM B Name and number of ti,e Town· ·GOPALAPURAM Municipality V

ROUGH LAY-OUT PLAN OF GOPALAF>l.JRAM KJNICfPALITY APPENDIX II 95

, ", .. .._ ~ ", ...- w "..__ ',_. _,.-' .-'

Z 0 ! « r ~. v APPENDIX III SPECIMEN HOUSENUMBERING SKETCH--RURAL HOUSE NUMBERING NOTIONAL MAP

J I >-. fj to! N z6 z6 w )( o u o 0 u ~ w ~« il. l .( «Z >« ~

~ ~ ; is ~ ~ '"' ~ C ;:::) ~ ~ 88 u u ~~~-0-+Gl ~ 0!~G~ ~~.. 18;:i§ ~t ~ 9 /[i]~4 8 §@ 0 [!] \ ~ f ~IB i 0f \ ~ <€)<~k8 ~ ! 01 0 r j t " 01 0 I 1 ~ 3 ~ ~ ~~ 0 G 1 ~ 0r 0 r 1 ~0 0 1 1 i L ~i ~ B-1 ...... ~ ~ [~t~+-_J APPBNDIX Iii 97

DISTRICT. GUNTUR CODE NO.6

TAL-UK: REP'ALLE CODE NO.3

lJJ~ua~.,.,O iJ,? .f). ,e; .~ 0GG00GGBElBB0 .... t ~. ~ r @@ t' ® ~ Je [!$ ~ ~~'i1~ y 0 ®® ~ ~ ~t: g ®~ @~~ [$ ~ , t .g~@B,g@Eg fI .i, APPENDIX IV EDIT INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE SCRUTINY OF THE HOUSELIST

1. General than one household. If so, column 2. will be '111ed for the first entry and for the successive Census houBe(s)/house­ 1.1 The tabulation of Housing data (contained in the hold(s), in that building, there will be no entry in column 2. Houselist) will be limited to 20% of the Census houses. It is, therefore, unnecessary to scrutinise all the lines in the Check. if in column 3 building number has been repeat­ Houselists for all the columns. So, the editing work will ed. If the bllilding has, say, bearing No. 27 has more be divided into two parts viz., (i) pre-sampling and (ii) post­ than one Census house, sub-numbers like 27/1, 27/2, 27/3 sampling. Entries relating to location code and entries in etc., will be given depending on whether there are 2, 3, 4 columns, L 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9 will be scrutinised in all lines etc., Census houses in the building. If the building has only contained in the Houselist before the sample is drawn and one Census House in it. then the number appearing in scrutiny of entries in columns 4, 5, 10, II, 12, 13, 14, 15 column 2 will be repeated in column 3. and 16 will be done only in respect of the sampled census housCj and all the households that may be located in such If am' of such Census houses hag more than one house­ houses. It has been decided that since the Census house is hold living in it, then entry in column 3 will appear in rela­ the unit for sampling the information relating to all house­ ti(m to the first household but there will be no entry in this holds (which may be one or more) located in a sampled column in relation to successive households in the same cen­ census house will he coded and punched on cards. sus house, e.g. if census housenumber 27/1 has two households 1.2 Columns 6 and 7 of the Houselist are inter-connected 27/I(a) and 27 /l(b) there will be entry in column 3 as 27/1 with the entries in the Establishment Schedule and, therefore, against the first household 27/1(a). Column 3 should be when the Houselist of a certain Block is taken up for blank for the next line which will have entries in eols. 8 on­ wards for the next household 27/I(b) in the Census house. pre-sampling scrutiny, the Establishment S~hedulcs of that Block should also be handy with the official doing Check if column 8 bears the building and Census house­ the Houselist scrutiny. N ow the entries in columns 6 and number i.e., entry in column 3 is repeated. If a building or 7 of the Houselist will be scrutinised with the help of the a Census home has more than one household then the entries in the Establishments SchedUles which will be dilated households will have sub-numbers like (a), (b), (c), etc., de­ upon at the appropriate place in this note. pending on whether the building or house has two or more households. 1.3 Since the data on Housing will be processed on Electronic Data Processing System lE.D.P.S.) maximum care If the entries in the Houselist are not in accordance has to be exercised to ensure that the primary documents with the above instrvctions, they should be corrected in the (Houselists and Establishment Schedules) are free from mis­ process of editing. takes or omission or equivocal entries. The following para­ Wrong entry Correct entry graphs deal with the instructions for editing the houselisting ,_-_ . ____.A- ______, , ____..A.. _____, Schedules. Census Census Build- COllsUS House­ Build­ C~nsus House­ 2. Presampling Scrutiny of the Houselists Line tng House hold Line ing House hold No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. 2.1 Take one bunch of the Houselists of a House num­ bering block. Check up that every page of the Houselist "'-"-~-~'-"------"'- has a serial number and that they are arranged in that order; (1) (2) (3) (-~) (5) (6) (7) (8) if not arrange them accordingly. If there is no page num­ ---~---- -.-.-.---~------.-.- ber, give page nuin bers. If the pages are loose, they should 15 25 2511 25(a) 15 25 25 25 be secured together by a twine or strong thread passed through with the sheets on top left hand corner. 17 26 26 26(a) 16 26 26 26

2.2 Location code: Invariably, the Enumerator should 18 27 27/1 27(1 (a) 17 27 27/1 27jl(a) have written the elements of the location at the top of the 19 27 27/1 27/1(b) i8 27/1(b) Houselist. See that all elements are correctly filled in. In the case of rural housenumbering block, the Location Code 20 27 27/2 27/2 19 27/2 27/2 will contain number of district, taluk, village and the house­ numbering block number if the village has been divided into 21 28 28/ i 28/1 20 28 28/1 28/ I house numbering blocks. In an urban block the Location 28 28/2 21 Code elements are numbers representing District, Town. 22 28/2 28/2 28/2 Street/Ward/or and Block, Locality or and Street. If entries - ---_._------are found to be missing supply them from the Enumerators' If the building or census house has no 'household' in chargelists. The name of the Enumerator will be found at it, and consequently cols. 8-17 are blank, please check that tlhe bottom of the houselist. The house numbering block in column 6 Residence or Re,;idence in combination with should be located in the charge register with reference to other purposes is not noted. If on the other hand the Enu­ the name of the Enumerator. merator has given particulars in Cols. 8-17 of a household and in column 6 he had not noted the Cemus House to be 2.3 Column 1: Line numbers should he continnous for residential, the entry in Col. 6 should be suitably corrected the housenumbering block as a whole. Look for entries to show that it is wholly or partly residential. struck off and see that no line number is assigned to scored or cancelled line. If necessary, correct subsequent numbers. It is quite possible that in some places vacant plots of land also might have been given housenumbers and indicated 2.4 Columns 2, 3 and 8: These three columns should accordingly in the Houselis!. If you come across such en­ be scrutinised together. Check if the building entered in tries they should be scored out and subsequent line numbers column 2 has more than one Census house and/or more should be corrected under Col. I for the entire Block. 98 EDIT INSTRUCTIONS fOR THB SCRUTINY OF THE HOUSELlST 99

The Enumerator might have recorded in column 17 as Column 9 : Wri Ie 'unspecified except in ca~es like Bank 'vacant plot' or the same entry (vacant pl?t) may be found etc., where 'Banking Services' should be in column 6 or there would be no entry III columns 4 and recorded. 5. This will help you in determining that it is a 'Vacant plot' and not a 'Census house'. Column 10 : Write 'recail' exceptin the Case of Bank etc" where no en;ry need be made in this column, It is also likely that a particular building has. its front on one road and its rear on another road and It gets a number on both the roads, i.e. it gets a duplica.te number, There will be greater difficulty in imputation if entry and two entries might Octppear for the same building. The in column 6 of Houselist indicates 'Factory', 'workshop' or Enumerator would have noted this in the remarks column. 'Household Industry' and it is missed in the Establishment In that case, one of the entries should be scored and subse­ Schedule (columns 6-8). However, the imputation may be quent line numbers corrected. made as follows:- 2.5 Columns 6 and 7: These two columns have to be Columns 1 to 5 : Same as in (he case of imputation made for checked with reference to the entries in the Establishment as Eslablishment falling column 11 of Schedules of the Block concerned. If the entry in column 6 Establishment S;h~dule as described above_ of the Houselist is 'Residence', alone, there will he 'N 0' in column 7 and consequently there will be no entry III the Column 6: Write 'Household Industry' or 'Registered Establishment Schedule and columns 8-16 of the Househst Factory' or 'Unregistt'red Workshop' as reo should have entries in them except when the Household IS f1ected in the entrY in column 6 of Hou~elist. away either on pilgrimage or journey and the Enumerator If it is not possible to make out from the could not ascertain the details from the neighbours III the Houseilst as to which ca.tegory the manu­ absence of the household (as noted in column 17 of the facturing establishment belongs to, treat it as Houselist). Only when column 6 of the Houselist denotes 'unregistered Workshop' • that the Census house is not used as residence partly or wholly, columns 8-16 (of the Houselist) will be blank. Coh.mms 7 to 9 Write 'Unspecified',

Whenever there is 'yes' in column 7 check up if there The converse of the above situation (i,e" 'No' in column is a corresponding entry in the Establishment Schedule. Also 7 of Houselist bet an entry made in Establishment Schedule) check entry in column 6 (of Houselist) whm there is 'yes' is difficult to conceive. But in case there be one, column 7 in column 7 (of Houselist) from the details of the Est:\b­ of the Houselist should be corrected as 'yes'. lishment schedule, For example, entry in column 6 (Hou.se­ list) is 'shop' and in column 7, it is 'ye~'; ,belt corresJlon~lllg As important land marks, types of houses, housenum­ details in the Establishment Schedule IlldlC:lte that It IS a bers etc., are given in the notional maps it is worthwhile 'workshop' in such a case the entry in column 6 of the referring to the maps and coHect such mi:>sing information Houselist should be corrected as 'workshop'. as may be available in them. A list of taluk wise and district­ wise RegIstered factories avaiJable in the Office may be re­ There could be another case of a lapse on the part of ferred to above to know whether a factory is Registered the Enumerator_ There is 'yes' in column 7 of the Ho~se­ and to collect particulars like average number of ,persons list but the corresponding entry is missed in the Est~bh;h' working etc. ment Schedule, the imputation will have to be made III the Establishment Schedule on the basis of entry in column 6 of H may be imagined that there is an entry in the Estab­ the Houselist. If the entry in column 6 is 'Government Office', lishment S,:hedule but no corresponding entry at all in the 'School', 'Railway Station', 'Cinema Hall', etc. (which w,ould Houselist. It is difficult to come across such a situation legitimately fall in column J I of the Estabhshment .Sche­ but supposing, there is one, what treatment could be meted dule) the imputation in the Establishment Schedule Will be out to such an entry in the houselist? The following impu­ as follows:- tation is suggested in the Houselist :

Column 1: Give the serial number next to the existing serial. This entry should be made at the end of the Block.

Column 2: Give the Census house number appearing in column Column 1: Give the next number of the line, 3 of the House!isL Columns 2-3: Write the number as in column 2 of the Esta. blishment Schedule. Column 3: L~av~ ,his blank if it is not possible to fill up, Columns 4-5 : Repeat the entries occurring in the Houselist Column 4: W,·ile'priva'e'. ShDuld b;:determined by the entry for preceding house number(s) to the one reeor in CoL 6 Rlilway Scalion-GDvernment. Pan­ ded in column 2 of the Establishment Schedule. chayat-Quasi Govt., Cinema-Privale. Column 6 : As per column 6, I) or 11 of the Establishment Column 5: Write 'unspecified'. Schedule as the case may be,

Column II : R~produce th~ entry in column 6 of the Houselbt Column 7: Yes

Column 8-17: Nil In case the entry in column 6 of Houselist is 'shop or 2.6 Column 9: Check up that total of institutional trading establishment' like 'Bank' or 'Pawn Shop' etc,. which would legitimately fall in columns 9-10 of Establishment households tallies with column 9 of the Houselist Abstract. Schedule, the imputation wi 11 be as follows:- 2.7 After all the lines of the Houselist have been edited for the entire Block according to the above instructions, Columns i to 5: As abov~, except in the case of Bank etc" /lumber the Census houses serially, the sequence running where enlry in column 6 of the Houselisl through the entire Block. Such serial numbers should be nny sugg~st private, quasi-Government recorded ill red pencil between colulIlns 2 and 3 along the or Co-operal lve. Wri (e accordingly. line. Check whether the. serial number of the last Census house in the Block tallies with the total number of houses 100 recorded in Column 7 of the Houselist Abstract of the Whenever you come across an Institutional Household, Block. In case of any discrepancy you should reconcile it check up that the entry in col. 6 i~ appropriate. Entries and incorporate the necessary correction either in the House­ like Shop-cum-Residence, Office-cum' Residence, Workshop­ list or in the Abstract as the case may be. On the basis of cum-Residence, etc .. should not be considered as Institutional this serial numbering, sampling of houses will be done (after Households. It such houses have been recorded wrongly as a random start, every fifth 'census house' will be ticked. 'Institutional Households', the word 'Institution' or i\)("~ Hence this is very important and the serial numbcflng of the census houses has to be done with great care), in column 9 after the name of the head of the household or in column 17 should be scored out. 2.8 This completes pre-sampling scrutiny, The Houselisb of the 'Block' should now be passed on to the Sampler for Column 11: If there is an omission of entry in the drawinll the 'Sample' of Census houses. column the number of rooms may be imputed from the number of persons recorded in column 15 on the ballis of 3. FOlt-samp'ling scrutiny of the Houselist three perwns per r00111 (which is the 'person-room' ratio 3.1 The following scrutiny should be made in respect of of the 1961 Cehsus). the sample census houses and the households living in such Census houses. Column 12: For Institutional Household the entry in thi~ column has to be 'R'. If there is no entry or there is 3.2 Columns 4·5: Do not accept entries like 'Kachcha' '0' entry, put 'R', or 'Pucca' in these columns. Specific material of wall and roof ought to oe there. If there is an entry as Kachcha. In the case of non-residential Household if the entry is please impute specific material which would be commonly omitted impute 'R' for urban areas and '0' for rural areas. found in the relevant block like grass, mud, unburnt, bricks, etc. Similar imputation should be made for 'Pucca' entry, like stone, bricks, 0.1. sheets, R.B.C. etc., i.e. material com­ Columns 13, 14 and 15: Check up that the figure in monly used for 'Pucca' house in that block. If there is no column 15 is equal to total figures in columns 13 and 14. In entry at all in these two columns, imputation may be made case of blank, in either column 13 or 14, derive the figure by on the basis of the notional maps and/or entries of the deducting column 13 or 14 as the case may be, from co­ preceding census house when there is only one Census house lumn 15. in the building or when these details are not recorded for the other houses also in the building. If the building has If there be no entry in columns 13 and 14 but only in more than one census house and these details are not re­ column 15, distribute the figure in the ratio of 50: 50 only corded for the succeeding Census houses the entries made in the case of non-Institutional Households. Do not make for one house, should be repeated for the remaining Census any imputation for Institutional Households but write 'Un­ houses in the same building, specified'. If all the three columns are inadvertently left blank by the Enumerator and there is entry in Column 11 If there are more than one household in a Census house, column 11 (No. of rooms), derive figures for column 15 on entries in columns 4 and 5 should appear only against the the basis of 'person-room' ratio indicated above in the ins­ first household, i.e., household whose number in column 8 is truction for column 11, distribute this figure in the ratio indicated by sub-number (a); for subsequent households in of 50: 50 for columns 13 and 14. that Census house, columns 4 and 5 as well as columns 2 and 3 will remain blank. Column 16: This column is expected to have a definite answeI 'yes' or 'no' for each household according as it For Institutional Household there should be no entry of cultivates or not. If the Enumerator had left the column Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe. If there be one, strike blank, impute 'yes' if the houselist relates to rural areas it off, and 'no' if it relates to urban areas. APPENDIX V

SAMPLE DESIGN AND PRECISION ESTIMATES*

1. Sampl" Design finite population correction. Analysis of Table E. I of 1961 Census for all the districts of India revealed that 82 % of 1.1 SAMPLE SIZE: A 20~£ systematic sample of Census the estimated proportions of the various cells had a relative houses was selected from th~ houselist with a random start. standard error of less than or equal to 20 with a sampling This sa~ple size was adopted on considerations of required % intensity of 20 Considering the detailed nature of the precision. available resources and operational convenience. %. census tables, a minimum acceptable level of precision lower than 20% may be too difficult to attain for every cell at the 1.2 SELECTION PROCEDURE: Though the lowest levels district level. (tabulation areas) for which estimates are presented in these tables are rural district. urban district (including cities, if any) and city, the sample was actually drawn, from what If the relative standard error in a cell is more .than are called, 'Operational Units'. These Operational Units 20% it may, therefore, be necessary to combine such cells comprised (a) Taluk of a district in the rural area, (b) Non­ suita bly with others so as to achieve this minimum preci­ city urban part of a district, and (c) City. If any of these sion. Further if the size of a district is so small that the Operational Units was unduly large, it was divided into relative standard error is greater than 20% for most of the sub-operation)!l units of at least 20,000 houses. Similarly characteristics, the estimates for that district may have 'to small sized Operational Units were either combined together be combined with those of an adjoining district in order to or tagged on to a contiguous larger unit so as to form an achieve the required precision in most of the cells. The effective Operational Unit of the minimum size mentioned size of the universe (i.e. district/State) for the various values above. Adoption of these Operational Units ensured accu­ of the proportion from 0.0001 to 0.9 by percentage relative racy in sample selection maintaining at the same time stabi­ standard error shown in the Statement given below will lity in the sampling fraction within the tabulation areas. help in deriving quickly the level of .precision of any cell. For house-listing purposes the Taluk: (Rural), Towns and Procedure for using the Statement is indicated as a foot-note Cities had been divided into compact smaller areal units to it in the form of an example. A compact statement indi­ c~lled 'houselisting blocks'. Within each Operational Unit, cating the size of cell estimate with 20% relative standard the houselisting blocks had been· so arranged that it was error for various district/ State size is given in the Fly-leaf possible to select the sample from the entire Operational to the Tables for ready reference. Unit in a continuous fashion. The procedure'· adopted had ensured effective control over sample selection within each block as also in the entire Operational Unit. 2.3 EFFICIENCY OF THE ESTIMATE; Since houses with simi­ lar characteristics tend to cluster in space, some stratification 2. Estimation Procedure with regard to almost all the housing characteristics is built into the Census Houselist. This suggests intuitively that the 2.1 ESTIMATES OF THE CHARACTERISTICS; Un-biased esti­ systematic sample should have achieved a more balanced mates have been worked out by inflating the sample fre­ quencies in each cell uniformly by 5. representation of the universe than a Simple Random Sample. Consequently, the standard error of any estimate of mode­ rate size from -the systematic sample of Census houses will, 2.2 RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES; The percentage relative in all probability be less than the one provided by the for· standard error on the basis of a Simple Random Sample is estimated as mula given in para 2.2 above.

100X /O.8(I-P) '~4t1-P) ---x 100 ;---m = Further, since the sample of households, on which 1 NP 'II {i Tables H-1II and H-IV are based, consists of all the house­ holds residing in the sample of Census houses (equivalent Where 'po is the estimated proportion in any cell, 'N', the to cluster sample) and since the characteristics of households residing in a Census house are likely to be similar, the sam­ total of the table. n. ( the sample size and 0.8, the -= ¥) pI ,ing error should normally be expected to be greater than that of a .systematic sample of households. In practice, however, there is nearly one to one correspondence between *This is only a brief descriplion of the sampling design adopted in preplring the Housing Tables. For a detailed a household and a house in most of the areas, particularly discus3ion on the sampling procedures adop~ed in the census in Rural, so that the selected systematic sample is almost reference may b~ made to the special paper on the subject equivalent to a systematic sample household. The formula published by the Registrar General, India. of para 2.2, therefore, apply to the Household Tables also **See Annexure to this Appendix along with Housing Tables.

101 102 APi'ENDIX 11 STATEMENT

ANNEXURE TO APPENDIX V PROPORTION, PERCENTAGE RELATIVE STANDARD ERROR AND THE EXPECTED SIZE OF UNIVERSE FOR A 20% SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLE

Percentage Relative Standard Error Proportion r------J.._------~----_. 1'0 2'5 5'0 10'0 20.0 30'0 50'0 --._-----_.----- _. -_------_._--_----_._-----_. -----.- - ---_ 2. 4 5 6 '7 8

·0001 399960000 63993600 15998400 3999600 999900 444400 15984 '0:>02 i ,999,60000 31993600 7998400 19996CO 4999GO 2221,8 79584 ·0003 133293333 21326933 5331733 1332933 333233 1481004 53317 ·0004 99960000 15993600 3998400 999600 249900 111067 39984 ·0005 7996)000 127936::>0 3198400 799600 199900 88844 31984

'0;)06 66626666 10660266 2665066 666266 166566 74029 26651 ·0007 57102857 9136957 2284114 571028 142757 63448 22841 ·0008 49960000 7993600 1998400 499600 124900 55511 19984 ·0009 44404444 7104711 1776178 444044 111011 49338 17761

'001 39960000 6393600 1598400 399600 99900 44400 15984 ·002 19960000 3193600 798400 199600 49900 22178 7984 '003 13293333 2126938 531733 132933 33]33 14770 5317 ·004 9960000 1593600 398400 99600 24900 11067 3984 ·005 7960000 1273600 318400 79600 19900 8844 3184

'006 6626666 1060266 265067 66267 16m 7363 265] ·007 5674285 907886 226971 56743 14186 6305 2270 ·008 4960000 793600 198400 49600 12400 5511 1984 ·009 4404444 704711 176178 44045 11011 4894 1762

·01 3960000 633600 158400 39600 9900 4400 1584 ·02 1960000 313600 78400 19600 4900 2178 784 ·03 1293333 206933 51733 12933 3233 1437 517 ·04 960000 153600 38400 9600 2400 J067 384 '05 760009 121600 30400 7600 1900 844 304

·06 626667 100267 25067 6267 1567 696 251 ·07 531429 85029 21257 5314 1327 591 213 '08 460000 73600 18400 1600 1150 511 184 '09 404444 64711 16178 4044 1010 449 162

·1 360000 57600 14400 3600 900 400 144 '2 160000 25600 6400 1600 400 188 64 ·3 93333 14933 3733 933 238 104 37 ·4 60000 9600 2400 600 150 67 24 '5 40000 6400 1600 400 100 45 15

·6 26667 4267 1067 267 67 30 11 ·7 17143 2743 686 171 43 19 7 ·8 10000 1600 400 100 25 11 4 ·9 4444 711 178 44 II 5 2

NOTE-Givendistrict size 'N' (i. e. total of table) and the percentage relative Mandard error (p.r.s.e.) to determine the si2e of a cell 'NP' where 'P' is the associated proportio1l.

(i) p.r.s.e.=20 % Oi) N>16567, NP=100 (iii)4900

e.g., let N=527, (hen N,=900,. N,=400, N1P1=90 . and NIl.Pz =80 By subllltut Ion NP=82· 54 i.e. 83 approximately. (vi) Similar rules may be formulated for any other p.r.s.e. desired. SECTION C MAIN TA_BLES

TABLE-H-I CENSUS HOUSES AND USES TO WHICH THEY ARE PUT (Based'on 20% Sample)

This table prepared on the basis of a 20 ~{, sample of (ii) Vacant houses: A Census house was treated as Census houses, gives for the State, districts and cities with "Vacant" if it was found unoccupied at the time of ·house­ a population of one lakh and over the total number of listing. A house was not considered vacant if the occupants Census houses according to the Houselists and their distribu­ wer,e temporarily absent and the house kept locked at the tion according to the following 12 categories of uses to which time of the visit of the houselisting Enumerator, unless it they are put. was found to be unoccupied i.e., not used for any purpose, residential or otherwise. 1. Vacant houses; (iii) Residences: A Census house was treated as a resi­ Occupied Census Homes used as: dence if it was used exclusively for the purpose of human 2. Residences; habitation, 110t combined with any other use.

3. Shop-cum-residences; (iv) Shop-cum-residences: If a Census house ~as used both for the purpose of living and also for running a shop 4. Workshop-cum-residences including Household In­ where some goods and articles were sold for cash or credit dustry ; it was treated as a shop-cum-residence. But if the shop portion and the living portion though located in the same 5. Hotels, Sarais. Dharmasalas, Tourist Homes and Ins- pection Houses; building formed separate portions having separate accesses, then each portion was treated as a separate Census house 6. Shops excluding eating houses: as per the definition of a Census house and categorised separately according to the use to which each of the Census 7. 'BusinesS' houses and offices; houses was put.

8. Factories, workshops and worksheds ; (v) Workshop-cum-residences: If a Census house was 9. Restaurants, sweetmeat shops and eating places; used both for the purpose of living and also for locating a workshop i.e" a place where some production, processing, 10. Places of entertainment and community gathering repair or servicing were carried on, for example. handloom (Panohayat Ghars) excluding places of worship; located inside a residential house, toy manufacture done at home. pottery making, oil "ghani" located in a residential 11. Places of worship e.g" temple, mosque, church, house, cycle repair sllop run at home etc., it was treated as gurudwara etc. and a Workshop-cum-residence, 12. Others. (vi) Hotels, Dharmasalas, Sarais, Tourist Homes alld The figures for all categories are furnished for total, Inspection Houses: The terms are self-explanatory. All rural and nrban areas separately. these Census houses intended for temporary sojourn of people came under this category. Hotels with lodging facili­ This table corresponds to the Table E-I published at ties, travellers bungalows. choultries etc., are classified under the 1961 Census, with some modifications. The difference this category. between the vable E-I of 1961 Census and the present Table H-I is that the data at 1961 were presented upto (vii) Shops excluding eating Houses: Census Honses taluk level and for towns having a population of 50.000 used purely for running shops i.e .. places where goods and persons or more while at present the data are given only articles are bought and/or sold for cash or credit were uplo district level and for cities with a population of one brought under this category. Restaurants and eating houses lakh and over. The educational institutions, public health where also some articles are sold were not to be included and medical institutions etc, which were shown separately at under this category, the 1961 Census are now included under the category of 'Others'. Particulars about these institutions are available in (viii) Business Houses and Offices: These cover the Table E-I-Dstribution of Establishments by broad types Census houses in which banks, offices of firms, commercial prepared on full count and printed in Part-lIIB·Establish­ and business houses. governmental as well as non-govern­ ment Tables of Andhra Pradesh. Places of worship like mental offices etc .. are located, temple, mosque. church were included under 'Places of entertainment and community ~athering' in 1961 whereas (ix) Factories, Worksholis and Worksheds: Under this they are shown as a separate category (Places of worship) category are combined an the Census houses which are used at the 1971 Census. solely as places of production, processing, repairing and The terms used in this table are explained below: servicing, They may be large scale factories regIstered under the Indian Factories Act, 1948 or merely small worksbops, (i) A Census House' was defined as a structure or part or work sheds where some process of production. repairing of a structure inhabited or vacant or a residence. a shop, a or servicing g0es OR shop-cum-residence or a place of busitiess, workshop. school e!c-, with a separate main entrance. Fla1s or blocks which (x) Restaurants, Sweetmeat shops and eating places: are independent of one another having of their own access Restaurants (without lodging facilities), tea stalls, sweet­ from the road or a common staircase or a common court­ meat shops, etc" come under this category. yard leading to a main gate were considered as separate Census houses. Each of the different structures \'i ithin an (xi) Places of Entertainment and Commrmitv gathering enclosed compound together constituting a bnilding was also (Panchayat) Ghar): T~ese cover places like Cinema halls treated as a separate Census House. and Panchayat Ghar. 103 104

(xii) Places 0/ worship: c.g., temples, mosques, churches, The data presented in Table H-1 and the related Subsi­ Gurudwaras. diat'Y Tables H-U and H-1.2 are analysed and discussed in detail in Chapter II-Uses to which Census Houses are (xiii) Others: Besides the categories, mentioned above put in Section A of this Volume. there will be a host of Census houses used for different The fIgures given in the Tables of the 'H' Series are purposes which cannot be conveniently brought under any unbiased estimates of the various characteristics based on of the above categories, for example, Schools and edu­ 20o~ sample of Census Houses. These estimates have been cational institutions, hospitals, dispensaries, health centres, obtained by multiplying the sample figures by 5. doctor's clinics, cattle shed, cattle pounds, garages, godowns, laundry, petrol bunk, passenger shelters, barber's saloon, The following statement indicates the broad level 01 gate-keeper's shed, water pump shed etc. All these miscel­ precision of the estimated frequency of any cell directly laneotl~ cases were included under "Otlhers", from the size of the Universe (i.e. District/State).

STATEMENT

District! State Size (N) I value of proportion (P) and the related size of cell estimate (NP) at 20% relative standard error (p.r.s.e.)

N > 16567 49JO < N < 16567 4900 3233 2400 1900 1567 1327 1150 1010 900

p < 0.006 0.006 < P < 0·02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0·05 0.06 0·07 0.08 0·09 0.10

NP 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90

NOTE:- 011 Nge 102 This statement has been derived from the delailed statement shown .ffl PaI+ I¥ ~ ~ ~ .l.2+ setting the acc~ptablc level of precision at 20%. For anY 'N' falling between 900 and 4900 reEd off the va1u!.) of 'NP' corresponding to the n~arest value of N' tabulated above. For example jf N=1352, NP~93 c;)rresponding to N= 1327 in the statem~nt. For N < 900 and other levels of precision tbe detcilc d statement may be consulted.

2 Whatever the universe size th~re is a mlXimum value of the eSlimated cell frequency associated with ~ ~pecific level of precision as shown be1ow:-

--~---.~------~------p.r.s,e. 2.5 5 10 20 30

NP 40,000 6,400 1,600 400 100 45

These values read along with those in the Statement between 93 and 400 will have a relative standard error of will provide a better appreciation of the level of precision 10-20%, while those equal to or greater than 400, will have of the estimate in am cell of the Table. For example for q

------.------~~~---.------~----~~----.------OCCUPIED CENSUS ~------Total To'al n1jmb~r Census Hou- Residence Shop-cum- Workshop- Hotels, State/Dimict/City Rural of Census ses vacant at Residence cum-Residence Sarais, Urban Houses the time of including Dharma House listing Household salas, Industry 'tourist Homes, and Inspection Houses

~--'------' --~'---~-----, -~------_,--- ,------U) (2) (3) ( 4) (5) (6) (7) (8) ~~------, ANDHRA PRADESH . T 10,648,870 641,415 7,925,135 113,850 195,890 22,250 R 8,833,600 520,74.(1" 6,553,630 90,470 158,890 17,125 U 1815,270 120,675 1,371505 23,380 37,000 5,125 Sr:bkllam District T 679,000 60,100 514,740 7,205 14,875 545 R 605,365 54,185 463;005 6,170 13,125 340 U 73,G35 5,915 51,735 1,035 1,750 205 Visakhlpatnam District T 672,115 42,385 555,310 4,695 8,270 635 R 543,770 36,145 448,805 3,565 7,060 410 U 128,345 6,240 106,505 1,J 30 1,210 225

East Godavari Distric' , T 714,285 28,715 ~60,670 6,870 16,600 1,230 R 585,950 22,145 460,310 5,555 14,255 865 U 128,335 6,570 100,360 1,315 2,345 365 West Godavari District T 545,055 22,725 432,625 5,335 5,670 785 R 455,420 17,595 368',430 4,105 4,110 515 U 89,635 5,130 64,195 1,230 1,560 270 Krishna Di3:rici . T 620,805 22,280 454,440 5,190 5,640 1,765 R 482,980 14,635 350,045 4,410 3,595 1,405 U 137,825 7,645 104,395 1,380 2,045 360

Gllntur Dis~rict T 732,835 35,795 551,855 6,270 8,725 2,835 R 56 i ,750 24,285 423,735 4,455 4,855 J,330 U 171,085 ! 1,510 128,120 1,815 3,870 505 Ongole (PfJkasam) Disirict T 548,800 398,10 372,580 4,640 7,805 175 R 492,730 34,600 333,485 3,625 5,510 630 U 56,070 5,210 39,095 1,015 2,295 145 Nellore District T 438,555 25,960 317,655 3,810 5,615 1,085 R 372,630 21,245 270,735 2,865 3,990 915 U 65,925 4,715 46,920 945 1,625 170 Chittoor District. T 585,975 38,010 423,880 5,125 8,375 1,560 R 511,970 31,335 372,185 4,110 6,600 735 U 74,005 6,675 51,695 1,015 1,975 825 Clldjapah Disiric( T 409,990 32,745 290,660 5,965 9,490 1,980 R 358,255 28,780 254,015 4,835 7,400 1,735 U 51,735 3,965 36,645 1,130 2,090 245 Anan1apllr Dislrict T 480,010 39,150 360,330 8,205 7,760 990 R 396,505 32,520 299,495 6,260 5,115 745 U 83,505 6,630 60,835 1,945 2,645 245 Kllrnool Dislricl . T 472,605 36,500 340,910 5,435 6,423 2,230 R 387,460 31,485 277,085 4,320 3,445 1,880 U 85,145 5,015 63,825 ],115 2,980 350 Mahbubnagar District T 454,435 32,540 350,320 5,590 13,345 815 R 414,790 28,390 323,205 5,045 11,375 680 U 39,645 4,150 27,115 545 1,970 135 H-I WHICH THEY ARE PUT ----- _____HOUSES A. USED AS ...... Snops eldu- Business Factories, Restaurants,------Places of Places of Others* Total jin~ Elting H)u,es and w.:>rk~hops Sw~etmeat Entertain- Worship {e.g. Rural State/District/City H)u'~s Offi;~s and work- Shops and men! and Temple, Urban sheds Eating places Community Church, Gathering Mosque, (Panchayat• Gurudwara ghar etc.) etc.) excluding places of .------_ worsh_i£______(9) (10) (11) (2) (13) (14) (15) (2) --_---~ .----- 151270 35,445 101,270 37,120 6,710 107,175 1,311,340 T ANDJIRA PRADESH 61,590 18,490 65,450 21,060 3,930 96,375 1,225,850 R 89,680 16,955 35,820 16,060 2,780 10,800 85,490 U 6,265 2,175 3,620 3,095 235 4,210 61,935 t Srikakulam District 3,680 1,255 2,,+60 1,965 100 3,645 55,435 R 2,585 920 1,160 1,130 135 565 6,500 U

6,685 2,140 5,040 3,800 525 4,12~ 38,505 t Visakhapatnam District 2,345 1,225 2,955 2,280 205 3,525 35,250 R 4,340 915 2,085 1,520 320 600 3,255 U 10,000 2,660 9,645 4,050 490 7,270 66,085 t East Godavari District 4,910 1,410 6,795 2,775 325 6,470 60,135 R 5,090 1,250 2,850 1,275 165 800 5,950 U 8,935 1,940 5,495 2,825 485 5,785 52,450 t West Godavari District 3,770 955 3,285 1,850 290 5,080 45,435 R 5,165 985 2,210 975 195 705 7,015 U 9,930 2,600 8,185 2,385 785 5,625 101,380 't Krishna District 3,105 1,085 4,565 1,130 475 4,765 93,765 R 6,825 1,515 3,620 1,255 310 860 7,615 U 11,295 2,740 10,815 2,250 690 6,130 9,3,435 T Guntur District 3,570 1,090 6,950 920 440 5,435 83,685 R 7,725 1,650 3,865 1,330 250 695 9,750 U 6,450 1,810 15,325 775 270 6,150 92,410 T Ongole (Prakasam) Oistrict 3,760 1,160 14,015 430 210 5,780 89,525 R 2,690 650 1,310 345 60 370 2,885 U 6,395 1,390 3,205 1,225 255 4,675 67,285 T Nellore District 2,655 760 1,615 325 135 4,285 63,105 R 3,740 630 1,590 900 120 390 4,180 U 8,325 2,030 3,450 1,505 350 8,135 85,030 T Chittoor District 3,895 1,140 1,905 920 220 7,455 81,47{) R 4,430 890 1,545 585 130 680 3,560 U 4,650 1,220 2,265 560 155 5,735 54,565 T Cuddapah District 2,055 735 1,315 200 75 5,385 ;'1,725 R 2,595 485 950 360 80 350 2,840 U 6,235 1,605 2,830 1,040 315 7,280 44,270 T Anantapuf District 2,460 800 1,155 560 180 6,585 40,630 R 3,775 805 1,675 480 135 695 3,640 U 7,025 1,780 3,150 1,425 355 8,820 58,550 T Kurnool District 3,225 810 1,470 820 295 8,160 5'1,,+65 R 3,800 970 l,()80 60S 60 660 '+,085 U 0,365 1,130 2,390 1,290 195 7,210 33,245 T Mahbubnagar Ofltrlot 4,450 820 1,655 915 120 6,820 31,315 R 1,915 3}0 735 375 75 390 1,930 U 107 13-1 CSnsus Andhra/73 108 TABLE CENSUS HOUSES AND THE USES

OCCUPIED CENSUS r-- Total Total number Census Hou- Residence Shop-cum- Workshop- Hotels Statel District (City Rural of Census ses Vllcant at Residence cum-Residence Sarais,' Urban Houses the time of including Dharma House listing Household salas, Industry Tourist Homes and Inspection Houses

(I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

Hyderabad District T 541,800 29,490 426,970 7,360 4,955 490 R 2()6,305 12,580 156,750 3,820 3,910 255 U 335,495 16,910 270,220 3,540 1,045 235 Medak District . T 344,320 23,790 249,775 3,675 10,295 715 R 316,865 21,415 230,380 3,355 9,470 600 U 27,455 2,375 19,395 320 825 115 Nizamabad District T 348,890 24,960 228,355 3,510 12,230 545 R 296,315 20,265 193,550 2,965 8,195 455 U 52,575 4,695 35,005 545 4,035 90 Adilabad District T 364,070 14,485 231,415 2,410 6,285 740 R 314,130 11,315 197,965 1,860 5.895 610 U 49,940 3,170 39,450 550 390 130 Karimnagar District • T 496,625 29,805 361,180 4,525 14,545 550 R 453,605 26,620 328,260 4,000 13,300 375 U 43,020 3,185 32,920 525 1,245 175 Warangal District T 438,945 22,265 327,395 5,970 11,705 835 R 391,195 19,075 289,505 5,115 11,145 765 U 41,750 3,190 37,890 855 560 70 KMmmam District T 338,230 14,840 237,730 3,910 3,470 655 R 294,040 10,140 204,995 3,000 3,120 500 U 44,190 4,700 32,735 910 350 155 Nalgonda District T 421,525 25,065 330,140 1,555 13,610 490 R 391,570 21,985 307,690 7,035 13,420 380 U 29,955 3,080 22,450 520 190 110 Cities

Visakhapatnam City • U 64,985 2,215 56,890 615 345 60 Kakinada City • U 35,345 2,225 28,490 340 190 110 Rajahmundry City U 31,600 1,185 25,975 420 415 100 Bluru City. U 22,515 915 16,225 455 580 60 Machilipatnam (Bandar) City U 23,650 1,125 18,025 200 445 85 Vijayawada City U 59,565 3,520 46,745 505 185 135 GunturCity U 62,015 3,595 49,120 460 455 135 Ncllore City U 32,055 2,030 23,655 535 495 75 Kurnool City U 25,915 1,165 20,320 230 615 195 MUniCipal O:lrpn. of Hyderabad Hyderaabad Division . U 245,685 11,970 198,310 2,525 720 110 Secunderabad Division . U 48,235 1,755 38,860 470 115 45 Nizamabad City U 28,165 2,025 17,605 285 3,820 65 WarangalCity . U 38,425 2,290 31,165 540 395 55 *The data in column 15 under "Ochers" include particulars ofCaltlc Sheds, Garages, Godowns, Laundries Petrol Bunks Passenger Shelters, Post Office-cum- Residences, School-eum-Residences, Office-cuJ11-residences and Type Instj[ute-c~m-Residenccs' Hostcl-cum-residences, Lodging-cum-!'c~idence etc. ' 109

H-I-Gonefd. TO WHICH THEY ARE PUT

HOUSES USED AS ------"------, Shops exclu- Business Factories, Restaurants, Places of Places of Olhers* T

(9) (10) (II) (12) (13) (14) (15) (2) (1)

24,245 3,055 7,120 2,905 470 4,620 30,120 T Hyderabad District 2,075 550 1,215 73v 125 2,995 21,300 R 22,170 2,505 5,905 2,175 345 1,625 8,820 U 4,880 810 2,300 1,350 230 4,840 41,660 T Mcdak District 3,130 565 1795 1 115 165 4,575 40,300 R 1,750 245 505 235 65 265 1,360 U 4,840 1070 4050 2240 225 3 ISO 63,515 T Nizamabad District 2,250 675 3,025 1,760 140 2,830 60,205 R 2,590 395 1,025 480 85 320 3,310 U 3,640 I.150 2,500 1,175 100 2,680 91,490 T Adilabad District 1,980 740 1,855 755 40 2,420 88,695 R ],660 410 645 420 60 260 2,795 U 3,805 1,065 2,910 790 90 3,165 74,195 T Karimnagar District 1,960 780 2,215 495 55 3,010 72,535 R 1,845 285 695 295 35 155 1,660 U 3,780 1,135 2,225 665 130 2,320 60,520 T Warangal District 1,770 755 1,445 310 70 2,175 59,065 R 2,010 380 780 355 60 145 1,455 U 2,790 910 3,090 1,110 185 1,440 68,100 T Khammam District 1,295 465 2,515 400 135 1,280 66,195 R 1,495 445 575 710 50 160 1,905 U 4,735 1,030 1,660 660 175 3,810 32,595 T Nalgonda District 3,250 715 1,245 405 130 3,700 31,615 R 1,485 315 415 255 45 110 980 U Cities

1,470 370 800 565 200 255 1,140 U Visakhapatnam City 1,305 365 685 320 45 220 1,050 U Kakinada City 1,540 245 535 305 25 135 720 U Rajahmundry City 1,485 290 525 350 50 190 1,390 U EluruCity 1,065 240 715 215 70 310 1,155 U Machilipatnam (Bandar)City 3,400 685 1,580 465 80 180 2,085 U Vijayawada City 2,980 575 1,435 540 70 175 2,475 U GunturCity 2,145 320 945 290 60 '140 1,365 U Nellore City 1,105 300 530 175 15 185 1,080 U Kurnool City Municipal C()fp. of Hyd. 17,390 1,600 4,345 1,665 250 1,120 5,680 U Hyderabad Division 3,635 600 995 310 55 ]80 1,215 U Secunderabad Division 1,530 200 585 285 30 130 1,605 U Nizamabad City 1,635 255 605 300 60 135 990 U Warangal City

TABLE H-li DlSTRiBUTION OF CENSUS HOUSES BY PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF WALL AND PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF (Based on 20% Sample) This table is based on the same 20 % sample of 3. Corrugated iron zinc or other metal sheets C:ensus hou.ses. for. whicl1 Table H-I was p~epared and 4. Asbestos sheets glve~ the dlstrIbutlOn of the Census houses according to different types of wall and roof material in the State 5. Brick and lime and districts for total, rural and urban areas and for 6. Stone eaCh city with a population of one lakh and more. The 7. Concrete R.B.C.,/R.C.C. figures given in these tables are unbiased estimates of the chamcteristics based on 20% sample of Census 8. All other materials and materials not stated houses. For a brief note on tile precision of the cell­ frequencies, reference is invited to the fly-leaf to Table Here also figures under the last category indicate H-I. the number of cases where either the enumerators did As ~lready mentioned in the fly-leaf to Table H-I, not record the roof materials or where the roof material· these estimates .have been obtained by multiplying the used could not be classified under any of the first sample figures by 5. This table corresponds to Table seven specific categories. E-IV published at the 1961 Census. In determining the material of the wall, the material The wall material of houses are classified under the out of which the major portion of the walls ofthe house followin,g: nine types: are made was taken as the material of the wall. When a house consisted of separate structures each having walls 1. Grass, leaves, reeds or bamboo made out of different materials, the material out of 2. Mud which the walls of the main portion of the house mostly used for living or sleeping are made, was taken as the 3. Unburnt bricks wall material of the Census house. 4. Wood 5. Burnt bricks Similarly in determining the roof material the 6. GJ. sheets or other metal sheets material out of which most of the roofs exposed to the weather (and not the ceiling) was taken as the roof 7. Stone material. In case of multi-storeyed building the inter­ 8. Cement concrete mediate floor was taken as tne roof of the lower fioor. 9. All other materials and materials not stated The outter plastering material like mud, cement or lime was not considered as the roofing material but the materials like bricks, stone etc., constituting the The first. eight specific ca~egories generally cover fabric of the roof were considered as the materials of all tbe materIals used for makIng the walls of houses in Andhra Pradesh. The figures shown under "Other roof. materials" indicate the number of cases where either tile enumerators did not record the materials used for the This table is supplemenetd with an AppendiXi walls or where the material used could not be classi­ which gives the distribution of residential Census fied under any of the first eight categories. Houses by material of wall cross classified by material of roof. The roof materials of houses were similarly cate­ gorised under the following eight categories. The data contained in Table H-I1 and the related Subsidiary Tables H-I1-I, R-I1-IA, H-Il-2, H-II-2(A) 1. Grass, leaves, reeds, thatch, wood and unburnt are analysed and discussed in detail in Chapter III­ bricks or bamboo Material of wall and roof of houses in Section A of 2. Tiles, slate, shingle this Volume.

111 112 TABLE DISTRIBUTION OF CENSUS HOUSES BY PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF

-~------PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF WALL Total , State/District/City T No.of Grass, Mud Unburnt Wood Burnt G.1., Stone Cement All R Census Leaves, Bricks Bricks Sheets Con- other U Houses Reeds or crete Mate- or other rials and Bamboo Metal Materials Sheets not stated

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) ---. ANDHRA PRADESH T 10,648,870 966,815 5,278,430 133,300 194,680 2,024,155 7,210 2,011,945 24,115 8,220 R 8,833,600 843,640 4,759,500 115,425 171,680 1,154,535 2,085 1,765,020 14,245 7,470 U 1,815,270 123,175 518,930 17,875 23,000 869,620 5,125 246,925 9,870 750 Srikakulam District . T 679,000 14,390 482,575 8,770 10,775 150,780 505 10,225 585 395 R 605,365 13,795 446,070 8,470 8,920 119,285 155 7,840 460 370 U 73,635 595 36,505 300 1,855 31,495 350 2,385 125 25 Visakhapltnam Dis- T 672,115 20,825 483,690 1,735 18,120 105,415 785 39,530 1,820 195 trict R 543,770 18,150 433,095 1,615 15,755 60,175 75 14,335 400 170 U 128,345 [2,675 50,595 120 2,365 45,240 710 25,195 1,420 25 East Godavari District T 714,285 114,640 246,820 33,845 25,930 285,885 165 4,>90 1,835 175 R 585,950 104,735 207,975 32,315 23,675 212,530 100 3,615 915 90 U 128,335 9,905 38,845 1,530 2,255 73,355 65 1,375 920 85 West Godavari District T 545,05':; 98,620 226,010 61,255 15,8)5 130,510 155 10,885 1,655 110 R 455,420 84,665 202,420 53,200 13,670 89,890 70 9,890 1,580 35 U 89,635 13,955 23,590 8,055 2,185 40,620 85 995 75 75 Krishna District T 620,805 92,860 305,075 1,935 18,870 144,085 310 53,340 4,235 95 R 482,980 75,605 269,150 1,715 17,100 84,680 105 33,040 1,545 40 U 137,825 17,255 35,925 220 1,770 59,405 205 20,300 2,690 55

Guntur District T 732,835 94,100 258,330 655 10,835 171,795 875 192,235 2,910 1,100 R 561,750 67,430 215,395 20) 8,625 103,180 240 163,805 1,905 965 U 171,085 26,670 42,935 450 2,210 68,615 635 28,430 1,005 135

Ongo1e (Prakasam) T 548,800 36,190 223,690 175 1,780 78,470 290 204,445 3,670 90 District R 492,730 30,885 208,695 150 1,255 60,915 220 186,965 3,560 85 U 56,070 5,305 14,995 25 525 17,555 70 17,480 110 5

Nellore District . T 438,555 11,365 220,265 545 3,680 91,710 405 109,655 !l85 45 R 372,630 10,435 192,945 245 2,945 57,990 125 107,080 820 45 U 65,925 930 27,320 300 735 33,720 280 2,575 65 Chittoor District T 585,975 2,225 408,870 735 3,450 136,970 80 32,195 910 540 R 511,970 1,845 383,945 475 2,975 91,020 35 30,875 280 520 U 74,005 380 24,925 260 475 45,950 45 1,320 630 20 Cuddapah Disirict . T 409,990 1,410 155,550 295 900 26,605 125 224,095 760 250 R 358,255 1,015 141,810 195 520 14,010 30 200,020 455 200 U 51,735 395 13,740 100 380 12,595 95 24,075 305 50 Anantapur District . T 480,010 15,005 89,685 13,840 2,355 57,765 320 300,310 315 415 R 396,505 7,630 80,035 10,685 880 25,000 100 271,525 245 405 U 83,505 7,375 9,650 3,155 1,475 32,765 220 28,785 70 10 Kurnool District . T 472,605 52,435 42,935 885 1,675 3,205 760 370,220 465 25 R 387,460 38,010 32,895 340 1,000 1,050 120 313,770 250 25 U 85,145 14,425 10,040 545 675 2,155 640 56,450 215 Mahououagar District T 454,435 16,015 242,225 990 1,145 22,395 210 171,105 295 55 R 414,790 15,155 232,885 705 965 7,700 45 157,085 195 55 U 39,645 860 9,340 285 180 14,695 165 14,020 100 Hyderabad District. T 541,800 10,170 189,345 1,085 4,035 253,855 765 80,615 1,885 45 R 206,305 8,300 115,845 15 2,190 10,910 90 68,715 240 .. U 335,495 1,870 73,500 1,070 1,845 242,945 675 11,900 1.645 45 113 H-I1 WALL AND PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF

----~----.---. PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF "1 Grass, Corrugated Concrete All Other Leaves, Tiles, Iron, Zine Asbestos Brick Stone R.B.C.! Materials T Reeds, Slate, or Other Cement and R.C.C. and Mate- R State/District/City Thatch, Shingle Metal Sheets Lime rials not U Wood, Mud, . Sheets stated Unburnt Bricks or Bamboo .. _--- - .. -----~--~ (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (2) (1) ------_------_._---_ 7,054,250 2,425,615 198,120 74,340 194,205 231,945 464,755 5,640 T ANDHRA PRADESH 6,369,900 1,868,875 114,265 21,460 81,270 190,390 184,495 2,945 R 684,350 556,740 83,855 52,880 112,935 41,555 280,260 2,695 U 551,430 99,620 5,945 2,370 1,000 670 17,680 285 T Srikakulam District 509,170 79,940 3,200 1,495 690 475 10,170 225 R 42,260 19,680 2,745 875 310 195 7,510 60 U 532,200 97,035 5,315 4,865 10,245 740 21,675 40 T Visakhapatnam District 475,200 55,835 2,065 1.130 1,835 590 7,095 20 R 57,000 41,200 3,250 3,735 8,410 150 14,580 20 U 451,405 221,590 6,325 2,470 7,045 390 24,990 70 T East Godavari District 402,440 164,835 4,635 1,640 1,660 250 10,435 55 R 48,965 56,755 1,690 830 5,385 140 14,555 15 U 384,865 125,520 7,325 1,975 5,535 205 19,545 85 T West Godavari District 342,025 95,910 4,565 1,055 1,465 170 10,155 75 R 42,840 29,610 2,760 920 4,070 35 9,390 10 U 468,035 83,970 9,995 3,120 14,425 875 40,330 55 T Krishna District 404,065 52,195 6,500 1,160 3,030 770 15,250 10 R 63,970 31,775 3,495 1,960 11,395 105 25,080 45 U

498,860 133,640 18,500 4,715 24,280 5,665 46,875 300 T Gun1ur District 414,345 96,330 12,275 685 12,135 4,440 21,370 170 R 84,515 37,310 6,225 4,030 12,145 1,225 25,505 130 U

375,990 99,555 18,525 1,800 10,735 16,880 25,290 25 T Ongoie (Prakasarn) 351,120 83,625 16,960 960 7,850 13,030 19,160 25 R District 24,870 15,930 1,565 840 2,885 3,850 6,130 .. U

358,175 26,910 7,555 5,315 26,190 2,785 11,580 45 T Nellore District 323,975 16,840 5,035 3,620 14,270 1,295 7,550 45 R 34,200 10,070 2,520 1,695 11,920 1,490 4,030 U 413,020 54,820 6,790 1,475 32,235 53,810 22,630 1,195 T Chittoor District 386,1l0 40,555 2,940 1,020 16,885 51,375 12,390 695 R 26,910 14,265 3,850 455 15,350 2,435 10,240 500 U 358,295 11,610 2,475 555 5,840 8,490 22,475 250 T Cuddapah District 325,535 6,230 1,425 245 4,645 6,970 13,000 205 R 32,760 5,380 1,050 310 1,195 1,520 9,475 45 U 425,965 5,885 2,930 725 2,065 18,665 23,625 150 T Anantapur District 368,050 2,550 915 320 1,175 10,745 12,640 110 R 57,915 3,335 2,015 405 890 7,920 10,985 40 U 427,760 2,955 3,915 880 130 21,870 15,065 30 T Kurnool District 368,935 1,050 12,65 185 65 11,970 3,960 30 R 58,825 1,905 2,650 695 65 9,900 11,105 .. U 368,130 34,660 4,990 615 11,600 25,285 9,130 25 T Mahbubnagar District 351,570 23,760 1,990 390 8,235 22,935 5,890 20 R 16,560 10,900 3,000 225 3,365 2,350 3,240 5 U 90,410 217,120 30,630 18,580 31,250 55,890 96,395 1,525 T Hyderabad District 69,100 79,420 2,955 1,515 910 46,810 5,565 30 R 21,310 137,700 27,675 17,065 30,340 9,080 90,830 1,495 U 114 TABLE DISTRIBUTION OF CENSUS HOUSES BY PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF

PREDOM1NANT MATERIAL OF WALL r-- _""-- -. All Total Grass, Mud Unburnt Wood Burnt G.I. Stone Cement other No_ of Leaves, Bricks Bricks Sheets Con- Mate- Slate/Districl/Ci Iy T Census Reeds or crete rials R Houses or other and Ma- U Bamboo Metal lerials Sheets not stated

---~-~-- -~~--- ~-~------(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) _.. _. --_. ~----- __ Medak District. T H4,320 15,280 223,405 130 2,285 14,670 190 88,120 150 90 R 316,865 14,800 209,620 105 2,170 5,170 85 84,710 125 80 U 27,455 480 13,785 25 115 9,500 105 3,410 25 10 Nizalllabad District . T 348,890 35,345 194,375 4,565 11,610 77,765 340 23,970 550 370 R 296,315 31,540 175,985 4,100 10,515 49,775 115 23,545 405 335 U 52,575 3,805 18,390 465 1,095 27,990 225 425 145 35 Adilabld District T 364,070 145,715 111,600 315 35,770 58,085 315 10,730 380 1,160 R 314,130 135,155 95,610 265 34,655 36,675 95 10,390 215 1,070 U 49,940 10,560 15,990 50 1,llS 21,410 220 340 165 90 Karilllnagar District . T 496,625 31,960 365,590 185 6,110 73,035 130 18,105 280 1,230 R 453,605 30,330 347,625 130 5,825 51,650 70 16,58l) 195 1,200 U 43.020 1,630 17,965 55 285 21,385 60 1,525 85 30 Warangal District T 438,945 38,880 297,425 790 8,880 69,710 195 22,650 25 390 · R 391,195 38,195 283,535 225 8,555 37,740 130 22,430 25 360 U 47,750 685 13,890 565 325 31,970 65 220 30 KhaOlfnanl District T 338,230 114,620 161,885 460 9,420 45,835 195 4,235 295 1,285 · R 294,040 111,400 146,770 175 8,500 21,735 55 3,900 235 1,270 U 44,190 3,220 15,115 285 920 24,100 140 335 60 15 Nalgonda District T 421,525 4,765 349,085 110 1,200 25,610 95 40,290 210 160 · R 391,510 4,565 337,195 95 985 13,455 25 34,905 195 150 U 29,955 200 11,890 15 215 12,155 70 5,385 15 10

Cities

Visakhapatnam Ci ty U 64,985 1,910 26,245 50 1,155 13,875 290 20,170 1,275 15

Kakinada City U 35,345 2,295 10,565 85 205 22,010 60 120 !> Rajahmundry City U 31,600 1,115 8,160 ISO 560 20,315 20 135 545 Eluru City U 22,515 1,110 7,705 80 615 12,305 25 625 35 15 Machilipatnalll U 23,650 2,975 5,255 65 325 14,750 15 145 115 5 (Bandar) City Vijayawada City U 59,565 7,035 10,265 85 S15 26,590 130 12,985 1,950 10 GunturCity • . U 62,015 8,545 16,210 305 760 32,515 405 2,810 390 75 Nellore City . U 32,055 410 11,625 285 240 19,340 60 95 Kurnool City . U 25,915 2,635 690 55 85 40 22,325 85 Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad Hyderabad Dvn. U 245,685 1,345 59,385 700 1,520 177,065 495 3,840 1,330 5 Secunderabad Dvn. U 48,235 160 3,590 220 205 43,580 130 80 235 35 Nizamabad Ci ty U 28,165 1,515 7,670 200 685 17,890 75 30 95 5 Warangal City U 38,425 485 10,910 545 255 25,960 55 200 15 11~

H-I1-Concld. WALL AND PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF ---_------_._------_-_ ------PREDO MI NANT M >\ TERIAL OF ROOF r------.A.------,Grass, Corrugated Concrete All Other L~lV~S, Tiles, Iron, Zinc Asb~stos Brick S:one R.B.C./ Materials T Reeds, Slate, or Oiher C~ment and R.C.C. and Mate- R StatelDistrict/City Thatch, Shingle Metal Sheets Lime rials not U \\Iood, Mud, Sheets stated Unburnt Bricks or Bamboo

(13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (2) (1) ------.------10b,010 203,020 8,900 745 1,240 14,205 9,675 525 T Medak District 102,090 188,270 5,930 480 1,215 13,555 5,020 305 R 3,920 14,750 2,970 265 25 650 4,655 220 U 109,010 217,335 5,875 3,550 785 490 11,690 155 T Nizamabad Disrict 94,240 193,680 2,530 1,130 360 455 3,805 115 R 14,770 23,655 3,345 2,420 425 35 7,885 40 U 175,315 145,770 30,185 6,185 775 235 5,305 300 T Adilabad District 158,010 129,930 23,435 910 220 200 1,140 28) R 17,305 15,840 6,750 5,275 555 35 4,165 15 U 169,555 309,260 3,525 3,980 840 680 8,540 245 T Karimnagar Diot Iitl 161,305 282,925 2,270 1,375 505 655 4,350 220 R 8,250 26,335 1,255 2,605 335 25 4,190 25 U 22C),205 188,755 5,455 1,065 2,035 850 11,420 160 T '" arangal Di strict 224,345 15&,505 3,970 490 650 820 4,265 150 R 4,860 32,250 1,485 575 1,385 30 7,155 10 U 275,495 39,89) 6,080 5,510 775 235 10,195 45 T Khammam District 260,515 22,820 3,775 1,065 550 225 5,050 40 R 14,980 17,075 2,305 4,445 225 10 5,14;' 5 U 235,120 106,690 6,885 3,845 5,180 3,030 10,645 130 T Nalgonda District 277,755 95,670 5,630 590 2,920 2,655 16,235 115 R 7,365 11,020 1,255 3,255 2,260 375 4,410 15 U

Cities

29,620 16,225 1,585 2,535 2,015 50 12,955 .. U Visal\hapatnam City 13,015 15,295 385 315 2,185 125 4,025 .. U Kakinada City 8,370 15,125 520 220 2,370 5 4,990 .. U Rajahmundry Ci ty 9,260 9,155 540 285 850 15 2,410 .. U Eluru City 9,295 8,190 415 275 2,985 2,490 ., U Machilipatnam (Bandra) City

22,890 10,585 1,655 1,245 7,370 40 15,750 30 U Vijayawada City 26,215 16,415 2,660 1,450 2,305 210 12,635 125 U Guntur City

15,340 4,275 1,225 1,345 6,730 1,080 2,060 .' U Nellore City 15,420 Il5 250 195 15 2,590 7,330 ., U Kurnool City Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad 15,255 105,420 21,950 11,320 25,395 1,445 63,430 1,470 U Hydelabad Dvn. 2,345 15,215 3,230 3,010 4,550 220 19,655 10 U Secunderabad Dvn. 7,975 12,975 1,970 325 385 15 4,505 15 U Nizamabad City :1.690 26,535 1,120 525 925 15 6,610 5 U Warangal City 116 APPENDIX TO TABLE H-n DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENTIAL CENSUS HOUSES BY MATERIAL OF WALL CROSS-CLASSIFIED BY MATERIAL OF ROOF

------_------~----~------~------PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF ~----_-__-A---- _____. Grass, Leaves. Ti les, Slate, total Total Reeds, Bam- Shingle, All Other ~\ lte/Dhtr icttCi ty Rural No.of Predominanl Material of Wall boo, Thatch, Corrugated Materials Urban Census Mud, Un- Iron,Zinc or and Houses Burnt Bricks, Other Metal Materi al s or Wood Sheets, As- not stated bestos Cement Sheets, Brick Lime, Stone and R.B.C./R.C.C. ------~-----~------(I) (2) (3) (5) (6) (7) ------ANDHRA PRADESH T 8,274,360 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood . 4,256,395 1,029,370 845 II Burnt Bricks, G. r. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 1,302,300 1,68M20 2,045 III All Other Materials and Materials nOI stated • 1,675 1,000 310 R 6,834,050 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood . 3,815,325 883,320 660 II Burnt Bricks, G, I. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 1,154,760 976,555 630 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated 1,650 865 285 U 1,440,310 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood . 441,070 146,050 185 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Metal Sbeets, Stone, Cement 147,540 703,865 1,415 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated 25 135 25 Srikakulam District T 539,135 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, 422,130 3,055 20 Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 28,730 85,020 30 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated 25 110 15 R 484,240 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 390,420 2,425 20 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets, or Other Metal Sheets,Stone, Cement 25,450 65,770 10 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated 25 105 15 U 54,895 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 31,710 630 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sh~ets, or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 3,280 19,250 20 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated 5 Visakhapatnam District T 571,125 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 452,000 2,870 15 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets Of other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 10,140 106,060 III All Other Mlterials and Materials not stated 10 25 5 117 APPENDIX TO TABLE H-II--Contd. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENTIAL CENSUS HOUSES BY MATERIAL OF WALL CROSS-CLASSIFIED BY MATERIAL OF ROOF ------PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF ,------"- -, Grass, Leaves Tiles, Slate Total Total Reeds, Bamboo, Shingle,' AllOther Stat~/Dis!rict!City Rural No. of Prcdominan'c Material of Wall Thalch, Mud, Corrugated Materials Urban Census Unburnt Bricks Iron, Zinc or and Houses or Wood Olher Metal Materials Sheets, As­ not bestos, Cement stated Sheets, Brick Lime, Stone and R.B.C./R.C.C.

~------(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Visakhapatnam District- R 461,565 I Grass, Leaves, R3~ds or Blmhoo, Caneld. Mud, Unburnl Bricks, Wood 402,285 1,890 15 II Burnl Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Oiher Metal Sheets, Slone, Cement 7,305 50,035 III All O'.l1~r ?vh.~tiais anj Makrials not stated 10 25

U 109,560 I Grass, L~3.v=s, l{) :Js Of B l:11boo, Mud, Unburn! Bricks, W00d 49,715 980 n Burn! Bricks, G. 1. Sheets or other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 2,835 56,025 III All O,h~r M.li:~fials and Materials not stated 5

Visakhapatnam City U 58,215 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnl Bricks, Wood 26,800 595 II Burnt Bricks, G. 1. Sheei.s, or other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 1,230 29,590 HI All Other Materials and Materials not slated

East Golavari District T 587,375 I Grass, Leaves, Rccus or Bamboo, Mud, Unbllrni Bricks, Woou 339,670 21,965 10 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sh~~ts, or other Metal Sheets, Stone, Ceme,nl 44,200 181,485 15 III All OJw Mat0rials and Materials nol stated. 10 10 10

R 482,720 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo Mud, Unbllrnt Bricks, Wood 299,270 15,610 10 1I Burnt Bricks, G. J. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 41,140 126,655 15 III All other Materials and Materials not stated 10 5 5

u 104,655 Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mlld,Unbllrnl Bricks, Wood 40,400 6,355 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 3,060 54,830 III Ali Other Materials and Materials nol staled 5 5

Kakin.ada City U 2:j,185 I Grass, L'~aws, R~0ds or Bamboo, Mud, Ullburn~ Bricks, Wood 11,455 490 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or other M3tal Sheets, Stone, Cement 525 16,715 II[ All other Materials and Materials not stated tiS APPENDIX TO TABLE H-tt-Contd. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENTIAL CENSUS HOUSES BY MATERIAl.\ OF WALL CROSS-CLASSIFIED BY MATERIAL OF ROOF

, PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF Grass, Leaves, Tiles, Slate Total Total Reeds, Bamboo, Shingle,' All other State/District/City Rural No. of Predominant Material of Wall Thatch, Mud, Corrugated Materials Urban Census Unburn! Bricks Iron, Zinc or and Houses or Wood Other Metal Materials Sheets, AIl- not bestos, Cement stated Sheets, Brick Lime, Stone and R.B.C./R.C.C. ------<------_- ( I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) ------_._--<--_- Rajahmundry City U 26,915 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 7,355 2,340 11 Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets. or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 335 16,885 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated.

Wt;S! Godavari District T 445,830 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 310,835 32,845 10 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets, or other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 17,150 84,925 35 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated 5 5 20 R 378,380 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 276,835 26,925 10 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. She~ts, or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 14,610 59,950 30 III All other Materialsand Materials not stated 20

U 67,450 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 34,000 5,920 II Burnt Bricks, G.I. Sheets, or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 2,540 24,975 5 m All Other Materials and Materials not stated 5 5

Eluru City U 17,390 I Grass, Leaves, R!ed, or Brlmboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 7,51u 635 II Burnt Bricks, G.l. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 805 8,440 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated.

Krishna District T 468,125 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 313,155 13,700 10 Il Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 48,370 92,845 20 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated 15 5 5

R 359,570 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 269,330 9,730 5 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone Cement 36,190 44,305 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated. 10 119 APPENDIX TO TABLE H-ll-Contd. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENTIAL CENSUS HOUSES BY MATERIAL OF WALL CROSS-CLASSIFIED BY MATERIAL OF ROOF .--- PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF --"- ---, Tiles, Slate, Grass, Leaves, Shingle, Total Total Reeds, Bam- Corrugated All Other State/District/City Rural No. Predominant Material of Wall boo, Thatch, Iron, Zinc or Materials Urban of Mud, Un- Other Metal and Census burnt Bricks, Sheets, As- Materials Houses or Wood bestos Cem~nt not stated Sheets, Brick Lime, Stone and R.B.C/R.C.C.

0) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

.------.-~------Krishna District- U 108,555 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Cone/d. Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood . 43,825 3,970 5 II Burnt Bricks, G. 1. Sheets Of Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 12,180 48,540 20 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated 5 5 5

Machilipatnam (Bandar) City U 18,800 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 6,785 775 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets, or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 1,450 9,785 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated 5

Vijayawada City U 47,755 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo. Mud, Unburn! Bricks, Wood 15,470 710 5 II Burnt Bricks G. 1. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 5,380 26,175 170 III All Other Materials and Materials not Stated 5 Guntur District T 568,770 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 276,750 20,155 35 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets, or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 123,380 147,970 170 III All Other Materials and Materials not Stated 130 175 5

R 434,225 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 219,755 14,775 35 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 106,730 92,590 60 HI All Other Materials and Materials not stated 120 160 U 134,545 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburn! Bricks. Wood 56,995 5,380 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 16,650 55,380 110 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated 10 15 5 Gunluf City. U 50,325 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 21,140 1,835 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 2,745 24,480 105 III All Other Materials and Materials Dot stated 10 ~ 5 120 APPENDIX: TO TABLE H-II-Contd. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENTIAL CENSUS HOUSES BY MATERIAL OF WALL CROSS-CLASSIFIED BY MATERIAL OF ROOF ------PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF r------A-~ ____ --~ Tiles, Slate, Grass, L~avcs, Shingle, AllO,her Tota! Total Reeds, Rlm- Corrugated Materials S l:ejDist.rict/City Rural No:of boo, TI1'1.tch, Iron, Zinc or and Urban Census Mud, Un- Other Metal Materials Houses burnt Bricks, Sheets, As- not stated or Wood bestos, Cement Sheets, Brick Lime, Stone and R.B.C./R.C.C.

(I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

O,lg0le (l)nkuam)Distric! T 386,345 I Grass, Leaves, R~eds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburn: Bricks, Wood 179,680 18,480 II BLlrnt Bricks, G. [. Sheets Of O'.her Meta! Sheets, S one, Cement 92,335 95,755 20 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated. 5 65 5

R 343,655 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburn; BO'ieks, Wood 165,720 14,860 II Bu.rnt Bricks, G. 1. Sheets or Other Metal Shee~s, S one, Cement 85,690 77,295 20 III AI! Other Ml efials and Materials not slated. 5 60 5

U 42,690 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Ufl.blJ.~n~ Bricks, Wood 13,960 3,620 II Burnt Bricks, G. 1. Sheel~ or Olher Metal Sheeis, Stone, Cement 6,645 18,460 III All Other Mlterials and Materials not statcd . 5

N:llore District T 328,095 I Grass, Leaves,~ Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wooel 189,095 1,630 10 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sh.cets Of Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 88,495 48,805 30 III All Other Matcrials and Materials not stated. 25 5

R 278,300 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds Of Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 16),380 635 10 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets Of Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 82,915 29,300 30 III All Other Materials and Materials not staled. 25 5

U 49,795 I Grass, L~'lVes, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt, Bricks, Wood 23,715 995 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 5,580 19,505 III All Other Mlterials and Materklls not stated·

Ncllore City. U 24,835 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 10,930 235 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets, or Other Metal Sheets, Slone, Cement 2,760 10,910 III All O:her Mllerials and Materials not stated. 121 APPENDIX TO TABLE H-II-Contd.

DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENTIAL CENSU~ HOUSES BY MATERIAL OF WALL CROSS-CLASSIFIED BY MATERIAL OF ROOF

------, •• _------_._--]"----- < PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF r------__....A-_____ , Tilest, Slate, Grass, Leaves, Shingle, All Other Total Tolal Reeds, Bam- Corrugated Materials State/District/Cit y Rural No. of Predominant Material of Wall boo, Thatch, Iron, Zinc or and Urban Census Mud, Un- . Other Metal Materials Houses burnt Bricks, Sheets, As- not stated or Wood bestos Ce­ ment Sheet, Brick Lime, Stone and R.B.C./R.C.C. ------_------(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) ------Chittoor District T 439,155 I Grass, L~aves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 306,130 18,875 455 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Me~al Sheets, Stone, Cement 16,905 96,260 485 III All a her Mlterials and Materials noT stated, 30 15

R 38t,095 I Grass, L~aves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 285,985 17,105 320 II B!lrn' Bricb, G. I, Sheets or Other Motal .S!l~ets, Stone, Cement 14,255 66,210 175 III All Other M.l.terials and Materials not stated. 30 15 u 55,060 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 20,145 1,770 135 II Burn', Bricks, G, I, Sheets, Of Olher Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 2,650 .30,050 310 III All Other Mlterials and Materials not stated.

C~ddapa'.l District . T 307,240 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 118,300 1,910 Il ELlrn' Bricks, G, I. Sheets or othe r Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 155,280 31,575 70 III All other Mlterials and Materials not stated 85 20

R 267,085 I Gras~, L'!avcs, R~eds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburn! Bricks, Wood 106,955 980 If Burn1. Bricb, G. r. Sheets or Other Metal She~!s, Stone, Cement 139,320 19,680 50 ur All Other Mlterials and Materials not stated 85 15

u 40,155 I Grass, L~aves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 11,345 930 II BIl'nt Bricks, G. 1. Sheets or other Melal Sheets, Stone, Cement 15,960 11,895 20 m All other Mlterials and Materials not stated. 5

Anlotapllf District. r 377,765 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds Of Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 99,040 830 5 II Burn! Bricks, G, I. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 243,705 33,795 8Q HI All O!h~r Mlterials and Materials not stated . 122 APPENDIX TO TABLE H-ll-Contd. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENTIAL CENSUS HOUSES BY MATERIAL OF WALL CROSS-CLASSIFIED BY MATERIAL OF ROOF

-- -.~-- _--- ._------~-----

PREDOMINANT_...A... MATERIAL__ OF ROOF r-- .. Tiles, Slate, Grass, Leaves, Shingle, All Other Total Total Reeds,Bam- Corrugated Materials Snle!District/City Rural No. of Predominant Material of Walt boo, Thatch, Iron, Zinc, and Urban CenSUS Mud, Un- Other Metal Materials Houses burnt Bricks Sheets, As- not stated or Wood bestos, Ce- ment Sheets, Brick, Lime, . Stone and R.B.C./R.C.C.

(I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) ._-- ._._-_._------A.1lltapur District-Coneld. R 311,950 I Grass, L~aves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, \\tood 81,230 520 5 II Burnt Bricks, G. 1. Sheets" or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cemeni 213,245 16,580 60 III All O~her Materials and Materials not stated 305 5

U 65,815 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 17,810 310 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other M~tal Sheets, Stone, Cement 30,460 17,215 20 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated

Kurnool District T 355,460 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 72,970 420 1I BLlrnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets Of Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 256,355 25,700 5 III All O:her Mlterials and Materials not stated 5 5

R 287,220 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 5],165 195 II Burnt Bricks, G. 1. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 228,090 7,755 5 HI All a h~r I\hterials and Materials not stated 5 5

U 68,240 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 21,805 225 11 Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Metal Sl1eets, Stone, Cement 28,265 17,945 III All O~her Materials and Materials not stated Kurnoo! City U 21,270 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburn t Bricks, Wood 3,095 15 II Bllrnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 10,495 7,665 HI All other Materials and Materials not stated

Mahbubnagar District T 371,070 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 196,145 25,415 5 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 109,740 39,720 10 III All Other Materials and Materials not stat('d 25 10 123 APPENDIX TO TABLE H-ll-Confd. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENTlAL CENSUS HOUSES BY MATERIAL OF WALL CROSS-CLASSIFIED BY MATERIAL OF ROOF -. - ----_.. _------_ PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF r------~ Tile!, Slate, Grass, Leaves, Shingle, All Other Total Total Reeds, Bam­ Corrugaged Materials State/District/Ci ty Rural No. of Predominant Material of Wall boo, Thatch, Iron, Zinc or and Urban Census Mud, Un­ Other Metal Materials Houses bUrnt Bricks Sheets, AS­ not stated or Wood bestos Ce- ment Sheets, Brick Lime, Stone and R.B.C./R.C.C. ------_._- ---_._._------._------_------(I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

--'--'---'-_ ------~-- ._------.---- Mlhbub1agar Dis\ricl­ R 341,285 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Concld. Muo, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 191,195 21,510 II Burnt Bricks, G. l. Sheets or other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 101,515 27,015 10 III All O~her Ma'erial sand. Materials not stated. 25 10

u 29,785 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt_Bricks, Wood 4,950 3,905 II Burnt Bricks, G. 1. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, S'one, Cement 8,225 12,705 •• III All O:her Materials and Materials not stated.

T 441,640 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 59,805 117,325 40 II Blmr Brick~, G.1. Sheets or Other M~tal Sheets, Stone, Cement . 13,520 250,175 765 III An OCher Mlterials and Materials nol stated. 5 5

R 165,755 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 43,445 63,170 5 rr Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 10,395 48,720 20 III All Other Materials and Materi als not stated .

u 275,885 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 16,360 54,155 35 II Burnt Bricks, G.1. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 3,125 201,455 745 III All Other Mltrials and Materials not stated 5 5

Mu !1icipal Corporation of U 202,280 I Grass, L~wes, R~eds or Bamboo, of Hyderabld Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 12,030 44,895 20 Hyderabad Division II Burnt Bricb, G. I. Sheets or Other M~tal Shee's, S one, Cement 2,000 142,590 740 HI All Other Materials and Materials not stated. 5

Secunderabad Division U 39,525 I Grass, uaves, R0eds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, \\-ood 1,705 2,045 n Burnt Bricks, G.1. Sheets, or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 450 35,315 5 III All Other M3terials and Materials not slated 14-1 Cens us Andhra/73 - 124 APPENDIX TO TABLE H-II-Contd. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENTIAL CENSUS HOUSES BY MATERIAL OF WALL CROSS-CLASSIFIED BY MATERIAL OF ROOF ------"---_. -- PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF r .;._ Tiles, Slate, Grass, Leaves, Shingle, All Other Total Total Reeds, Bam- Corrugated Materials StateJDistrictJCity Rural No.of Predominant Material of Wall boo, Thatch, Iron, Zinc or and Urban Census Mud, Un- Other Metal Materials Houses hurnt Bricks Sheets, As- nOt stated or wood bcstos Ce- ment Sheets, Brick: Lime, Stone and R.B.C.(R.C.C. _---_------_---_ ---- (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

------".------~--. ---_------Medak District T 265,365 I Grass, L~aves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 58,965 130,325 40 n Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 13,995 61,835 185 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated. 10 10

R 244,680 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 56,075 121,335 35 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets of Other Metal S'leets, Stone, Cement 13,645 53,525 45 III At: Other Materials and Materials not stated. 10 10

U 20,685 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 2,890 8,990 5 n Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 350 8,310 140 III All Ocher Materials and Materials not stated.

Ninm1bad District T 246,510 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 59,440 113,520 40 II Burnt Bricks, G. 1. Sheets, or Other Metal Si1eets, Stone, Cement 5,155 68,265 20 III All Olher Materials and Materials not stated. 20 40 10

R 206,665 I Grass. Leaves, Reeds, or Bamboo Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 48,760 105,185 40 II Burnt Bricks, G. 1. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 3,585 49,025 5 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated. 20 35 10 U 39,845 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo Mud, Unburn! Bricks, Wood 10,680 8,335 II Burnt Bricks, G. 1. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 1,570 19,240 15 III All other Materials and Materials not stated . 5

NizamaQlId City p 21,855 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 5,590 2,915 II Burnt Bricks, G.I. Sheets, or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 1,220 12,115 10 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated. $ 125 APPENDIX TO TABLE H-n-Contd. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENTIAL CENSUS HOUSES BY MATERIAL OF WALL CROSS-CLASSIFIED BY MATERIAL OF ROOF ~---~ »--_.. _------PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF --. Grass, Leaves, Tiles, Slate, Reeds Bam· Shingle, All Other Total Total boo, Thatch, Corrugated Materials State(OistrictlCity Rural No. of Predominant Material of Wall Mud, Un- Iron, Zinc, or and Urban Census burnt Bricks, Other Metal, Materials Houses arWood Sheets, As- nol stated bestos Ce- ment Sheets, Brick, Lime, Stone and R.B.C./R.C.C . ._-_------>------_.- (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) -_------>------Adilabad District T 247,055 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 106,770 89,810 20 II Burnt Bricks, G. L Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 2,435 47,510 20 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated. 65 215 210

R 206,480 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 92,870 80,560 20 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement I,S30 31,025 20 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated. 65 180 210

U 40,575 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 13,900 9,250

II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 905 16,485 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated. 35 lCarimnasar District T 381,560 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood llS,050 203,66S 30 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 3,375 59,170 30 III All Other Materials and Materials not slated . 18S 55

R 346,645 I Grass,Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, 'Wood 109,005 193,080 30 11 Burnt Bricks, G. 1. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 2,365 41,905 30 III All O;her Materials and Materials not stated. 180 SO

U 34,915 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 6,045 10,585 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 1,010 17,265 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated. ~ 5 126; APPENDIX TO TABLE H-II-Contd. DISTRiBUTION OF RESIDENTIAL CENSUS HOUSES BY MATERIAL OF- 'WALL CROSS-CLASSIFIED BY MATERIAL OF ROOF ------_------_---- _---_ PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF r -. Tiles, Slate, Grass, Leaves, Shingle, All Other Total Total Reeds, Bam- Corrugated _ Materials Slltell')\strictjCity Rural No, of Pn1o:n1n1nt Material of WaH boo, Thatch, ' Iron, Ziilc or - ante Urban Census Mud, Un- Other Metal Materials Houses burnt Bricks, Sheets, As- not stated or Wood bestos, Ce- ment Sheets, Brick Lime, Slone and R.B.C./R.C.C . _,_,,_-- ._._------__.- ~.------_--~----

R 307,350 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 158,625· 104,025 7S II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, S'one, Cement 4,370 40,190 IS HI All Other Mlterials and Materials not stated. 40 10

U 39,605 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud. Unbumt Bricks, Wood 3,860 10,050 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 485 25,175 5 III All Ofher Materials and Materials not stated . 30

Wara.ngal City U 32,325 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 2,175 8,905 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Melal Sleets, Stone, Cement 215 21,015 III All 0 her Materials and Materials "'.:' not stated . 15

Khammam District T 246,470 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 198,055 13,045 10 Il Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 2,425 32,140 10 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated 650 135

R 212,195 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 186,210 8,905 10 II Burnt Bricks, G. T. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone. Cement 1,880 ]4,405 10 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated. 650 125

U 34,275 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds and Bamboo, Mud. Unburnl Bricks, Wood 11,845 4,140 II Burnt Bricks, G. r. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 545 17,735 III All Other Materials and Materials opt stated JO 127 APPlENDIX TO tABLE lI-II-Concld. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENTIAL CENSUS HOUSES BY MATERIAL OF WALL CROSS-CLA.SSIFIED BY MATERIAL OF ROOF ------PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF "- Tiles, Slate, Grass, Leaves, _Shin~le, _ All Other Total Total Reeds, Bam· Corrugated Materials State/District/City Rural No. of Predominant Material of Wall boo, Thatch, Jron, Zine or and Urban Census Mud, Unburnt Other Metal Materials Houses Bricks, or Sheets, As" not stated Wood bestos Ce- ment Sheets, Brick Lime, Stone and - R.B.C./R.C.Co

------_------~----.. _._------(1 ) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

------.--~ ------t'hlgonda District T 353,315 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 219,925 85,455 15 II Burnt Bricks, G. 1. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 21,755 26,045 25 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated. 30 60 5 R 329,990 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Bamboo, Mud, Unburn! Bricks, Wood 214,810 79,900 10 II Burnt Bricks, G. 1. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 20,535 14,620 20 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated. 30 60 5 U 23,325 I Grass, Leaves, Reeds or Blmboo, Mud, Unburnt Bricks, Wood 5,115 5,555 5 II Burnt Bricks, G. I. Sheets or Other Metal Sheets, Stone, Cement 1,220 11,425 5 III All Other Materials and Materials not stated.

TABLE H-m HOUSEHOLDS CLASSIFIED BY NUMBER OF MEMBERS AND BY NUMBER OF ROOMS OCCUPIED (Based on 20% sample) This table also is based on the same 20 %sample For the purposes of Houselisting a room was of Census houses for which Tables H-I and H-III were defined as a construction having four walls with a door prepared. Table H-III gives the total number of Census way with a roof overhead and wide and long enough households in tbe sample Census bouses, and the total for a person to sleep in i.e., atleast 2 metres in length number of members in them by sex. The households It metres in width and 2 metres in height. An enclosed are further distributed according to number of rooms room used in cornmon for sleeping, sitting, dining, occupied by each household i.e., those with one room, stores and cooking etc., was reckoned as a room. An two rooms, three rooms, four rooms, five rooms or unenclosed varandah, kitchen, store, garage, cattle­ more and with number of rooms unspecified. The shed, latrine and rooms in which a household industry number of members by sex in each of these seven cate­ was located and which are not normally useable for gories are also given. The figures in tbis table are given living or sleeping were excluded from the definition for the State and each district for total, rural and urban of a room. areas separately and for individual cities with a popu­ lation of one lakh and over. The figures given in these tables are unbiased estimates of the characteristic~ This table corresponds to Table E-V published at based on 20% sample of Census houses. For a brief the 1961 Census. Institutional households are not taken note on the precision of the cell-frequencies, reference into account in this table. is invited to the fiy-Ieafto Table H-I. The data contained in the Table H-Ill and the rela­ As already mentioned in the fly-leaf to Table H-I, ted Subsidiary Tables H-lIl.1 and H-m.2 are analysed these estimates have been obtained by multiplying the and discussed in "Chapter IV-Households and sample figures by 5. number of rooms occupied" in SecHon A of this Volume.

129 130

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TABLE H-IV , HOUSEHOLDS CLASSIFIED BY SIZE AND TENURE STATUS (Based on 20% sampJe) This table also is based on a 20 %sample of Census prevented any of them from doing so. The institutional hous<$ for which Tables H-I, H-I1 and H-III were households consisting of unrelated persons are not prepared. Table H-IY gives the distribution of house­ considered for this table. holds by size of household. The households are classi­ fied into seven categories i.e., households naving 1 person, 2 persons, 3 persons, 4 persons, 5 persons, The Houselisting enumerators were instructed 6 and more persons and number of persons unspeci­ to record the tenure status i.e., whether a household fied and by tenure status. Tne figures in this table lived in a owned house or in a rented house as stated by are given to the State and each district for total, rural a Head or any responsible member of a household. and urban areas separately and individually for each A household was considered to be living in a owned city with a population of llakh or more persons. The house if the Census house occupied by the household figures given in these tables are unbiased eslimates of was own~d by itself and nothing was being paid to the characteristics based on 20 % sample of Census anybody In the form of rent. A household living in a houses. For a brief note on the precision of the cell­ flat or a house taken on hire-purchase basis was also frequen.cies, reference is invited to the fly-leaf to treated as living in own house irrespective of the fact Table H-I. whethe.r all instalments had been paid or not. If rent was paId or contracted or by the household in cash or As already mentioned in the fly-leaf to Table H-I, in kind for the house occupied by it then the household these estimates have been obtained by multiplying the was treated as living in a rented house. In cases where a sample figures by 5. owner of a house permitted the household to live in a house rent free or if a household occupied rent free This table somewhat corresponds to Table E-I1 accommodation provided to the employees by Govern­ published in the 1961 Census. In the 1961 Census ment or Institutions or Companies etc., such house­ households living in Census houses used wholly or holds also were treated as living in rented houses. It partly as dwelling were classified according to the should not therefore be considered that all the house­ number of tenure staius members in tne households, hol~s shown as occupying rented houses were actually while in 1971 the households with different sizes paymg rent. i.e. by number of members were classified by tenure status. The data contained in this Table H-IY and related A household was defined as a group of persons Subsidiary Table H-IY. I are analysed and discussed in who lived commonly together and take tneir meal detail in Chapter Y-Tenure Status in Section A of from a common kitChen unless exigencies of work this Volume.

137 TABLE H-IV HOUSEHOLDS CLASSIFIED BY SIZE AND TENURE STATUS ------_. HOUSEHOLDS HAVING NUMBER OF PERSONS S'atefDistrict!City Total ,------~------~ ----, Rural Tenure Tota; One Two Three Four Five Six and Number Urban Status No. of Person Persons Persons Persons Persons More of Persons Census Persons Unspeci- House- lied holds ------_._------_------(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)

--~------~------ANDHRA PRADESH T Total 8,405,875 432,110 920,900 1,192,055 1,404,130 1,362,455 3,090,485 3,740 Owned 7,313,875 354,270 766,105 1,015,990 1,216,030 1,196,920 2,761,570 2,990 Rented 1,092,000 77,840 154,795 176,065 188,100 165,535 328,915 750

R Total 6,923,155 364,400 754,910 991,535 1,171,590 1,141,330 2,496,580 2,810 Owned 6,509,995 323,085 690,730 920,590 1,098,325 1,078,370 2,396,200 2,695 Rented 413,160 41,315 64,180 70,945 73,265 62,960 100,380 115

U Total 1,482,720 67,710 165,990 200,520 232,540 221,125 593,905 930 Owned 803,880 31,185 75,375 95,400 117,705 118,550 365,370 295 Rented 678840 36,525 90,615 105,120 114,835 102,575 228,535 635

Sriklk'llam District T Total 5D,1l0 30,725 59,755 S3,700 97,275 90,120 178,440 95 Owned 495,200 26,415 53,125 75,945 89,760 83,420 166,440 95 Rented 44,910 4,310 6,630 7,755 7,515 6,700 12,000

R Total 48:;,030 27,590 53,985 76,225 88,145 81,670 157,330 85 Owned 457,250 24,355 49,605 71,125 83,340 77,540 151,200 85 Rented 27,780 3,235 4,380 5,100 4,805 4,130 6,130

U Total 55,080 3,135 5,770 7,475 9,130 8,450 21,110 10 Owned 37,950 2,060 3,520 4,820 6,420 5,880 15,240 10 Rented 17,130 1,075 2,250 2,655 2,710 2,570 5,870

Visakhapltnam District T Total 573,565 30,110 64,025 90,630 103,530 96,510 188,645 115 Own~d 496,115 25,740 54,285 78,685 90,590 84,140 162,605 70 Rented 77,450 4,370 9,740 11,945 12,940 12,370 26,040 45

R Total 462,770 26,095 53,080 75,630 86,250 78,710 142,925 80 Owned 440,195 23,790 49,365 71,495 82,155 75,440 137,880 70 Rented 22,575 2,305 3,715 4,i35 4,095 3,270 5,045 10

U Total 110,795 4,015 10,945 15,000 17,280 17,800 45,720 35 Owned 55,920 ],950 4,920 7,190 8,435 8,700 24,725 Rented 54,875 2,065 6,025 7,810 8,845 9,100 20,995 35

E1St Godavari :listrict . T Total 6lUIIJ 31,795 8),285 98,440 107,270 96,235 198,915 170 Owned 523,885 27,505 67,380 82,750 90,125 81,510 174,455 160 R~nted 90,225 5,290 12,905 15,690 17,145 14,725 24,460 10

R Total 506,055 28,255 67,155 82,630 88,525 78,780 160,640 70 Owned 460,860 24,990 60,230 74,265 79,940 71,645 149,725 65 Rented 45,195 3,265 6,925 8,365 8,585 7,135 10,915 5 U Total 108,055 4,540 13,130 15,810 18,745 17,455 38,275 100 Owned 63,025 2,515 7,150 8,485 10,185 9,865 24,730 95 Rcmed 45,030 2,025 5,980 7,325 8,560 7,590 13,545 5 West Godavari District. T Total 463,4D5 23,120 61,860 74,610 78,725 71,100 153,820 170 Owned 394,970 19,610 51,670 62,565 65,950 60,420 134,615 140 Ren'ed 68,435 3,510 10,190 12,045 12,775 10,680 19,205 30 R Total 387,375 20,005 51,755 62,875 65,955 59,810 126,860 115 Owned 352,090 17,88() 4fi,365 56,6!0 59,255 54,250 117,615 115 Rented 3~,285 2,125 5,390 6,265 6,700 5,560 9.245

U Total 76,030 3,115 10,105 11,735 12,770 11,290 26,960 55 Owned 4:',880 1,730 5,V15 5,955 6,695 6,170 17,000 25 Rented 33,150 1,385 4,8[\0 5,780 6,075 5,120 9,960 30 138 139

TABLE H-IV -Contd. HOUSEHOLDS CLASSIFIED BY SIZE AND TENURE STATUS

. ------.._:_.. _---~ ------;------~------HOUSEHOLDS HAVING NUMBER OF PERSONS , ---.., ~ \!3/Distric t fCity Total Tenure Total One Two 1hree Four Five Six and Nl1mber of Rural Status No. of P.::rson Persons Persons Persons Persons More Persons Urban Census Persons Unspeci- House- fled holds - ---_.. _------(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) ------.---. Krishna District T Total 481,705 23,005 57,900 71,035 80,610 76,735 172,095 325 Owned 399,335 19,295 46,255 57,190 65,330 63,285 147,760 220 Rented 82,370 3,710 11,645 13,845 15,280 13,450 24,335 lOS

R Total 363,865 18,505 43,875 53,870 61,020 58,025 128,360 21 0 Owned 336,685 16,910 39,845 49,260 55,715 53,580 121,170 205 Rented 27,180 1,595 4,030 4,610 5,305 4,445 7,190 5 U Total 117,840 4,500 14,025 17,165 19,590 18,710 43,735 115 . Owned 62,650 2,385 6,410 7,930 9,615 9,705 26,590 15 Rented 55,190 2,115 7,615 9,235 9,975 9,005 17,145 100

G _llltur District T Total 573,740 32,475 71,395 81,635 92,315 90,085 205,655 180 Owned 491,685 27,800 58,915 68,030 77,740 77,050 182,000 150 Rented 82,055 4,675 12,480 13,605 14,575 13,035 23,655 30 R Total 436,765 26,040 53,485 61,100 69,660 69,250 157,095 135 Owned 412,195 24,345 49,910 57,120 65,220 65,190 150,280 130 Rented 24,570 1,695 3,575 3,980 4,440 4,060 6,815 5 U Total 136,975 6,435 17,910 20,535 22,655 20,835 48,560 45 Owned 79,490 3,455 9,005 10,910 12,520 11,860 31,720 20 Rented 57,485 2,980 8,905 9,625 10,135 8,975 16,840 25

Oa~Jre (Prakasam) T fotal 387,420 22,970 41,430 50,575 61,855 62,370 148,130 90 District Owned 356,990 20,445 36,945 45,585 56,610 57,465 139,850 90 Rented 30,430 2,525 4,485 4,990 5,245 4,905 8,280 R Total 344,515 20,335 36,120 44,325 54,645 55,790 133,245 55 Owned 328,040 18,760 33,635 41,695 51,870 53,250 128,775 55 Rented 16,475 ],575 2,845 2,630 2,775 2,,40 4,470 U Total 42,905 2,635 5,310 6,250 7,210 6,580 14,885 35 Owned 28,950 1,685 3,310 3,890 4,740 4,215 11,075 35 Rented 13,955 950 2,000 2,360 2,470 2,365 3,810

N: :!lorc Di,trict T Total 328,825 20,425 41,505 49,855 55,185 52,035 109,485 335 Owned 295,815 18,105 36,090 43,875 49,185 47,120 101,275 165 Rented 33,010 2,320 5,415 5,980 6,000 4,915 [8,2JO 170 R Total 278,670 17,955 34,295 41,720 46,415 44,815 93,295 175 Owned 263,740 16,490 31,880 39,215 43,690 42,460 89,845 160 Rented 14,930 1,465 2, .. 15 2,505 2,725 2,355 3,450 15 U Total 50,155 2,470 7,210 8,135 8,770 7,220 16,190 160 Owned 32,075 1,615 4,210 4,660 5,495 4,660 11,4-30 S Rented 18,080 855 3,000 3,475 .3,275 2,560 4,760 155

Chittoor Di~trict T Total 442,085 28,090 48,305 59,585 69,970 69,750 166,120 265 Owned 393,690 24,065 41,165 51,940 61,815 62,225 152,305 175 Rented 48,395 4,025 7,140 7,645 8,155 7,525 13,815 90 R Total 385,560 25,260 41,915 52,115 61,175 61,210 143,695 190 Owned 364,385 22,740 38,490 48,595 57,560 57,975 138,8.55 170 Rented 21,175 2,520 3,425 3,520 3,615 3,235 4,840 20 U Total 56,525 2,830 6,390 7,470 8,795 8,540 - 22,425 75 Owned 29,305 1,325 2,675 3,345 4,255 4,250 13,450 5 Rented 27,220 1,505 3,715 4,125 4,540 4,290 8,975 70

15-1 Census Andhra/73 140

TABL'E H-IV -Conld. HOUSEHOLDS CLASSIFIED BY SIZE AND TENURE STATUS ------~--

~ __~ ______HOUSEHOLDS HAVINGA-~~ NUMBER ____ OF PERSONS~ __~ ______~ State/District/City Tota! Tenure Total One Two Three Four Five Six and Number of Rural Status No. of Person Persons Persons Persons Persons More Persons Urban Census Persons Unspeci- House- fled holds ---- (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) --.-._------. Cuddaplh District T Total 308,100 17,435 33,290 42,495 48,910 48,795 117,045 130 Owned 277,795 15,355 28,830 37,515 43,705 43,990 108,275 125 Rented 30,305 2,080 4,460 4,980 5,205 4,805 8,770 5 R Total 267,560 15,810 29,050 36,770 42,570 42,565 100,675 120 Owned 251,685 14,345 26,465 34,150 39,810 40,155 96,640 120 Rented 15,875 1,465 2,585 2,620 2,760 2,410 '1-,035 U Total 40,540 1,625 4,240 5,725 6,340 6,230 16,370 10 Owned 26,110 1,010 2,365 3,365 3,895 3,835 11 ,635 5 Rented 14,430 615 1,875 2,360 2,445 2,395 4,735 5

Anantapur District T Total 379,080 20,135 34,305 43,3~5 ~5,235 58,585 167,430 35 Owned 325,415 15,880 27,285 35,790 46,840 50,490 149,110 20 Rented 53,665 4,255 7,020 7,565 8,395 8,095 18,320 15 R Total 312,645 17,535 28,885 36,055 46,400 48,875 134,870 25 Owned 286,130 14,540 24,785 32,075 42,080 44,945 127,690 15 Rented 26,515 2,995 4,100 3,980 4,320 3,930 7,180 10 U Total 66,435 2,600 5,420 7,300 8,835 9,710 32,560 10 Owned 39,285 1,340 2,500 3,715 4,760 5,545 21,420 5 Rented 27,150 1,260 2,920 3,585 4,075 4,165 11,140 5 Kurnool Dislri.;t T Total 357,950 17,010 34,400 45,010 55,425 56,695 149,210 200 Owned 305,875 13,140 26,955 36,285 46.595 49,025 133,745 130 Rented 52,075 3,870 7,445 8,725 8,830 7,670 15,465 70 R Total 288.915 14,060 27.035 36.125 44,775 46,725 120,055 140 Owned 265,320 11,650 23,465 31,935 ' 40,905 43,290 113,945 130 Rented 23,595 2,410 3,570 4,190 3,870 3,435 6,110 10 U Total 69,035 2,950 7,365 8,885 10,650 9,970 29,155 60 Owned 40,555 1,490 3,490 4,350 S,690 5,735 19,800 Rented 28,480 1,460 3,875 4,535 4,960 4,235 9,355 60 Mahbub'1agar District . T Total 372,655 20,155 35,190 49,490 61,915 61,375 144,295 235 Owned 348,915 16,580 31,760 45,805 58,205 58,050 138,290 225 Rented 23,740 3,575 3,430 3,685 3,710 3,325 6,005 10 R Total 342,485 17,985 32,255 55,800 57,900 57,215 131,095 235 Owned 328,585 15,580 30,190 43,615 55,665 55,245 128,065 225 Rented 13,900 2,405 2,065 2,185 2,235 1,970 3,030 10 U Total 30,170 2,170 2,935 3,690 4,015 4,160 13,200 Owned 20,330 1.000 1,570 2,190 2.540 2,805 10,225 Rented 9,840 1,170 1,365 1.500 1,475 1,355 2,975 Hyderabad District T Total 449,775 19,000 42,085 52,825 66,640 66,610 102,300 305 Owned 268,225 8,~90 19,400 27,950 37,955 41,535 132,54; 250 Rented 181,550 10,410 22,685 24,875 28,685 25,085 69,755 55 R Total 169,630 7,940 14,945 20,64D 27,615 28,855 69,400 235 Owned 157,140 6,105 12,915 18,635 25,560 27,140 66,555 230 Rented 12,490 1,835 2,030 2,005 2,055 1,715 2,845 5 U Total 28J,145 11,060 27,140 32,185 39,025 37,765 132,900 70 Owned 111,085 2,485 6,485 9,315 12,395 14,395 65,990 20 Rented 169,060 8,575 20,655 22,870 26,630 23,370 66,910 50 Medak District T . Total 274,780 13,315 25,285 36,640 46,230 46,690 106,375 245 Owned 255,770 10,37,5 22,555 33,750 43,090 44,105 101,665 230 Rented 19,010 2,940 2,730 2,890 3,140 2,585 4,710 15 R Total 252,395 11,445 23,060 33,965 42,880 43,645 97,170 230 Owned 242,330 9,755 21,585 32,410 41,285 42,250 94,825 220 Rented 10,065 1,690 1,475 1,555 1,595 1,395 2,345 10 U Total 22,385 1,870 2,225 2,675 3,350 3,045 9,205 15 Owned 13,440 620 970 1,340 1,805· 1,855 6,840 10 Rented 8,945 1,250 1,255 1,335 1,545 1,190 2,365 5 141

TABLE H-JV -Contd. HOUSEHOLDS CLASSIFIED BY SIZE AND TENURE STATUS

-~-'--. -_..,_ ~~. --...... _~ ------._----- HOUSEHOLDS HAVING NUMBER OF PERSONS , ~ ___..A...-- --. StatelDistrictlCi ty total Tenure Total One Two Three Four Five Six and Number of Rural Status No. of Person P.:[sons Persons Persons Persons More Persons Urban Census Persons Unspeci- House- fled holds ---_. -.------(lj (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) . _.-. -_--_.

Ni:~lrmbld Di,trict T Total 254,240 13,295 27,175 36,940 45,220 43,330 87,900 380 Owned 216,530 9,535 21,580 30,755 38,785 37,970 77,555 350 Rented 37,710 3,760 5,595 6,185 6,435 5,360 10,345 30 R Total 213,950 10,845 22,345 31,760 38,805 37,225 72,625 345 Owned 196,780 8,780 19,710 28,810 35,770 34,765 68,610 335 Rented 17,170 2,065 2,635 2,950 3,035 2,460 4,015 10 U Total 40,290 2,450 4,830 5,180 6,415 6,105 15,275 35 Owned 19,750 755 1,870 1,945 3,015 3,205 8,945 15 Rented 20,540 1,695 2,960 3,235 3,400 2,900 6,330 20

Adilabld Di~trict T Total 250,420 11,650 26,005 34,595 42,390 43,145 92,565 70 Owned 218,645 8,860 21,315 29,135 36,595 38,295 84,375 70 Rented 31,775 2,790 4,690 5,460 5,795 4,850 8,190 R Total 208,540 9,220 20,790 28,215 35,495 36,570 78,180 70 Owned 196,400 7,900 18,915 26,170 33,290 34,575 7M80 70 Rented 12,140 1,320 1,875 2,045 2,205 1,995 2.700 U total 41,880 2,430 5,215 6,380 6,895 6,575 14,385 Owned 22,245 960 2,400 2,965 3,305 3,720 8,895 Rented 19,635 1,470 2,815 3,415 3,590 2,855 5,490 K. lfinl!llgar District T 'Total 391,800 18,530 42,545 55,740 70,285 68,250 136,355 95 Owned 369,085 16,200 38,795 51,715 66,345 64,995 130,940 95 Rented 22,715 2,330 3,750 4,025 3,940 3,255 5,415 R Total 354,615 16,520 38,185 50,565 64,380 62,670 122,200 95 Owned 344,850 15,125 36,505 48,915 62,740 61,255 120,215 95 R.ented 9,765 1,395 1,680 1,650 1,640 1,415 1,985 U Total 37,185 2,010 4,360 5,175 5,905 5,580 14,155 Owned 24,235 1,075 2,290 2,800 3,605 3,740 10,725 Rented 12,950 935 2,070 2,375 2,300 1,840 3,430 Warangal District T Total 356,345 13,220 34,795 49,895 62,390 61,175 134,765 105 Owned . 327,650 10,775 30,625 44,965 57,380 56,905 126,935 65 Rented 28,695 2,445 4,170 4,930 5,010 4,270 7,830 40 R Total 314,805 11,595 30,760 44,525 55,880 55,000 116,985 60 OlVned 302,295 10,140 28,705 42,285 53,625 53,110 114,370 60 Rented 12,510 1,455 2,055 2,240 2,255 1,890 2,615 U Total 41,540 1,625 4,035 5,370 6,510 6,175 17,780 45 Own~d 25,355 635 1,920 2,680 3,755 3,795 12,565 5 Rented 16,185 990 2,115 2,690 2,755 2,380 5,215 40 K1nmmm District T Total 249,775 9,015 23,875 33,470 40,360 41,610 101,380 65 Owned 219,240 6,790 19,490 28,090 34,875 37,060 92,885 50 Rented 30,535 2,225 4,385 5,380 5,485 4,550 8,495 IS R Total 214,865 7,210 19,440 28,275 34,370 36,285 89,235 50 Owned 202,755 6,145 17,610 25,895 32,240 34,440 86,375 SO Rented 12,110 1,065 1,830 2,380 2,130 1,845 2,860 U Total 34,910 1,805 4,435 5,195 5,990 5,325 12,145 15 Owned 16,485 645 1,880 2,195 2,635 2,620 6,510 .. Rented 18,425 1.160 2,555 3,000 3,355 2,705 5,635 15 Nllplh District T Total 355,990 15,635 35,490 51,535 62,395 61,245 129,560 130 Owned 333,045 13,210 31,685 47,670 58,555 57,865 123,945 115 Rented 22,945 2,425 3,805 3,865 3,840 3,380 5,615 15 R Total 332,145 14,195 32,495 48,350 58,730 57,640 120,645 90 Owned 320,285 12,760 30,555 46,315 56,610 55,870 118,085 90 Rented 11,860 1,435 1,940 2,035 2,120 1,770 2,560 U Total 23,845 1,440 2,995 3,185 3,665 3,605 8,915 40 Owned 12,760 450 1,130 1,355 1,945 1,995 5,860 25 Rented 11,085 990 1,865 I 830 1,720 1,610 3,OS5 l~ 142

TABLE H-IV -Condd. HOUSEHOLDS CLASSIFIED BY SIZE AND TENURE STATUS

_------.------.------.---~-~-- HOUSEHOLDS HAVING NUMBER OF PERSONS ,------_._----.}...------, Si:J.telDistrictlCity Total Tenure Total One Two Three Four Fiv~ Six and Number of Rural Status No. of Person Persons Persons Persons Persons More Persons Urban Census Persons Unspeci- House- fled holds ------_.. -_- (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) ----_._-----_._. --_------_._-_ Visakhapatll1m City U Total 58,430 1,320 5,065 6,860 8,745 9,565 26,865 10 Owned 22,615 400 1,450 2,300 3,145 3,445 11,875 .- Rented 35,815 920 3,615 4,560 5,600 6,120 14,990 10 Kakinada City U Total 29,320 1,095 3,460 3,980 4,960 4,760 11,055 to Owned 16,335 515 1,775 1,880 2,450 2,520 7,190 5 Rented 12,985 580 1,685 2,100 2,510 2,240 3,865 5 R'ljahmundry City U Total 27,785 905 3,055 3,890 4,880 4,785 10,245 25 Owned 12,015 340 1,125 1,485 1,905 2,000 5,135 25 Rented 15,770 565 1,930 2,405 2,975 2,785 5,110

EhuuCity U Total 21,530 725 2,475 3,130 3,535 3,185 8,480 Own~d 12,600 430 1,290 1,665 1,960 1,765 5,490 Rented 8,930 295 1,185 1,465 1,575 1,420 2,990 M \;\: lipltnlm (BlndafJ U Total 19,775 820 2,430 2,885 3,080 3,160 7,395 5 City Owned 11,570 470 1,255 1,500 1,690 1,815 4,835 5 Rented 8,205 350 1,175 1,385 1,390 1,345 2,560 Vijayawada City. U Total 53,325 1,500 6,385 7,980 9,435 8,190 19,735 100 Owned 21,880 565 2,170 2,715 3,590 3,200 9,630 10 Rented 31,445 935 4,215 5,265 5,845 4,990 10,105 90 Guntur City U Total 50,770 2,105 6,495 7,530 8,405 7,700 18,515 20 Owned 26,755 945 2,890 3,490 4,245 3,915 11,255 15 Rented 24,015 1,160 3,605 4;040 4,160 3,785 7,260 5 Nellore City U Total 25,150 1,140 3,735 3,990 4,380 3,430 8,350 125 Owned 14,250 715 1,800 1,980 2,380 1,920 5,455 -- Rented 10,900 425 1,935 2,010 2,000 1,510 2,895 125 1 Kurnoo City U Total 21,510 760 2,105 2,750 3,090 3,100 9,700 5 Owned 11,335 335 875 1,050 1,440 1,630 6,005 .. Rented 10,175 425 1,230 1,700 1,650 1,470 3,695 5 Hyderabad Municipal Corporation

Hyderabad Division U Total 206,005 7,930 19,920 23,445 28,910 27,230 98,525 45 Owned 82,385 1,720 4,695 6,790 9,260 10,260 49,650 10 Rented 123,620 6,210 15,225 16,655 19,650 16,970 48,875 35 S::cunderabad Division U Total 39,745 1,265 3,565 4,365 5,580 5,815 19,145 10 Owned 12,615 235 665 960 1,325 1,865 7,565 _. Rented 27,130 1,030 2,900 3,405 4,255 3,950 11,580 10 Nizamabad City U Total 21,905 1,160 2,570 2,800 3,405 3,230 8,720 20 Owned 9,850 315 925 850 1370 1,465 4,915 10 Rented 12,055 845 1,645 i,950 2,035 1,765 3,805 10 Warangal City . U Total 33,950 1,195 3,260 4,365 5,190 5,095 14,810 35 Owned 20,425 485 1,525 2,160 2,960 3,035 10,255 5 Rented 13,525 710 1,735 2,205 2,230 2,060 4,555 30 SECTION D

SUBSIDIARY TABLES

143' SUBSIDIARY DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 CENSUS HOUSES BY VACANT ------OCCUPIED ,------_. ------,--- Cen5ul Total R~lid~nce, Shop-cum-Residence, Workshop-cum- Hotels, Houses occupied Residence including Household Industry Sarals, vacant at Census ,-~-- Dharmasalas Slate/District/City T the time of Houses Total Residence Shop-cum- Work-"'"' Tourist R House_ (wholly or Residence shop-cum- Homes & U listing partly Residence Inspection rCildential (including Houses houses) Household Industry) -----. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) ------.------_._--_- ANDlIRA PRADESlI T 60 940 773 744 11 18 2 R 59 941 770 742 10 18 2 U 66 934 789 756 13 20 3

t. Srikakulam T 89 911 791 758 11 22 1 R 90 910 797 765 10 22 N ,U 80 920 741 703 14 24 3

2. Visakhapatnam T 63 937 845 826 7 12 1 R 66 934 845 825 7 13 1 U 49 951 848 830 9 9 2 Visakhapatnam Ci ty U 35 965 890 875 10 5

3. East Godavari T 40 960 i!18 785 10 23 2 R 38 962 819 786 9 24 1 U 51 949 811 782 10 19 3 K'ikiU'lda City · U 63 937 8'21 806 10 5 3 R'ljahmundry City. U 38 962 848 822 13 13 3

4. West Godavari • T 42 958 814 794 10 10 1 R 39 961 827 809 9 9 1 U 57 943 747 716 14 11 3 EluruCity · U 41 959 767 721 20 26 3 5. Krishna T 36 964 751 732 10 9 3 R 30 970 741 725 9 1 3 U 55 945 783 758 10 15 3 Machilipatnam (Bandar) U 48 952 789 762 8 19 4 City Vijayawada City • · U 59 941 796 785 8 3 2 6. Guntur • T 49 951 773 753 8 12 4 R 43 957 771 754 8 I) 4 U 67 933 782 749 10 23 3 Guntur City U 58 942 807 792 8 7 2 7. Ongole (prakasam) T 73 927 702 679 9 14 1 R 70 930 695 677 7 11 1 U 93 907 756 697 18 41 3 8. Nellore T 59 941 746 724 9 13 2 R 57 943 745 726 8 11 3 U 72 928 751 712 14 25 2 Nellore City . · U 63 937 770 738 17 15 2 144 TABLE H-1.1 AND DIFFERENT TYPES OF OCCUPIED CENSUS HOUSES ------,------CENSUS HOUSES ------~ Slops-exclu- Business Factories, Restaurants, Places of Places of ding Eating Houses and WJrk;liop3 Sweetmeat Entertain- Worship Houses Offices and Work- shops and ments and (e.g. Tem- sheds Eating Com muni to' pie, Mos- Others State/District/City Places gathering que, Guru- (Panchayat dwara, and ghar etc.) Church etc.) excluding Places of Worship) ------. (9) (10) (1 I) (12) (13) (14) (15) (1) ------._.. ___ .- ---.-- 14 3 10 4 1 10 123 T ANDURA PRADESH 7 2 7 2 1 11 139 R 49 9 20 9 2 6 47 U

9 3 5 5 N 6 91 T 1. Srikakulam 6 2 4 3 N 6 92 R 35 12 16 15 2 8 88 U

10 3 8 6 1 6 57 T 2. Visakhapatnam 4 2 6 4 N 7 65 R 34 7 16 12 2 5 25 U 23 6 12 9 3 4 17 U Visakhapatnam City 14 4 13 6 1 10 92 T 3. East Godavari 8 2 12 5 1 11 103 R 40 10 22 10 1 6 46 U 37 10 20 9 6 30 U Kakinada City

49 8 17 9 4 23 U Rajahmundry City 16 4 10 5 1 11 96 T 4. West Godavari 8 2 7 4 1 11 100 58 11 25 11 2 8 78 R 66 13 23 15 2 8 62 U E1uruiCity 16 4 13 4 1 9 163 T 5_ Krishna 7 2 10 2 1 10 194 R 50 11 26 9 2 6 55 U

45 10 30 9 3 13 49 U Machilipatoam (Ban dar) City 57 12 27 8 3 35 U VijayAwada City

15 4 15 3 8 128 T 6. Guntur 6 2 12 2 10 149 R 45 10 23 8 4 57 U

48 9 2~ 9 3 40 U Guntur Cityl 12 3 28 1 1 11 168 T 7. Oogole (prakasam) 8 2 29 1 N 12 182 R 48 12 23 6 1 7 51 U 15 3 7 3 1 11 153 r 8. Nellore 7 2 4 1 N 12 169 R 57 9 24 14 2 6 63 U 67 10 30 9 2 4 43 U Nellore City 145 146 SUBSIDIARY DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 CENSUS HOUSES BY VACANT ------_------OCCUPIED Census ,------Total Residence, shop-cltm ·Residence, Workshop-cltm- Hotels, Houses occl1pied Residence including Household Industry Sarais T vacant at Cenms '-~-----~-""'__--'--'----, Dharmasalas, State/District/City R the time of Houses Total Residence Shop-cum- Work- Tourist U House- (wholly or Residence shop-cum- Homes & listing partly re- Residence Inspection sidential (including Houses houses) Household Industry)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) ,---- ._------9. Chittoor T 65 935 747 723 9 15 3 R 61 939 748 727 8 13 1 U 90 910 739 698 14 27 11 10. Cuddapah T 80 920 747 709 15 23 5 R 80 920 743 709 13 21 5 U 77 923 771 708 22 41 5 II. Anantapur T 82 918 784 751 17 16 2 R 82 918 784 755 16 13 2 U 79 921 783 728 23 32 3 12. Kurnoo! T 77 923 746 721 11 14 5 R 81 919 735 715 11 9 5 U 59 941 798 750 13 35 4 Kurnool City U 45 955 817 784 9 24 7 13. Mahbubnagar • T 72 928 812 771 12 29 2 R 68 932 819 779 12 28 2 U 105 895 747 684 14 49 3 14. Hyderabad T 54 946 811 788 14 9 I R 61 939 797 760 18 19 1 U 50 950 819 805 11 3 1 Municipal corporation of Hydarabad Hyderabad Division U 49 951 820 807 10 3 N Secunderabad Division} U 36 964 818 806 10 2 15. Medak T 69 931 766 725 11 30 2 R 68 932 768 727 11 30 2 U 87 913 748 706 12 30 4 16. Nizamabad T 72 928 700 655 10 35 1 R 68 932 691 653 10 28 2 U 89 911 753 666 10 77 2 Nizamabad City U 72 928 771 625 10 136 2 17. Adilabad • T 40 960 676 652 7 17 2 R 36 964 655 630 6 19 2 U 63 937 809 790 11 8 3 18. Karimnagar T 60 940 766 727 9 30 1 R 59 941 762 724 9 29 1 U 74 926 806 765 12 29 4 19. Waranga! • T 51 949 786 746 13 27 2 R 49 951 782 740 13 29 2 U 67 933 823 793 18 12 2 Waranga! City U 60 940 835 811 14 10 20. Khammam T 44 956 725 703 '12 10 2 R 34 966 718 697 10 11 2 U 106 894 769 741 20 8 4~ 21. Nalgonda T 59 941 833 783 18 32 1 R 56 944 838 786 18 34 1 U 103 897 773 750 17 6 4 141

TABLE H-I.I-Concld. AND DIFFERENT TYPES OF OCCUPIED CENSUS HOUSES

~~------~ CENSUS HOUSES ------, S'l)); e {clu- B1,iu')lS F.lctorie3, R!itlurants, Places of Places of OLhers dini Elting H)UieS and Work,hopi Sw~etmeat TIntertain- Worship Hn"es Offices and WJrk- shop.!. and ment and (e.g. Tern- sheds Eltlng CJmmUnilY pie, Mos- T places gathering que, Gurw- R State/District! City (Panchayat dwara and U ghar etc.) Church elc.) excluding Places of -_._ Worship) ----- (9) (10) (11 ) (12) (13) (14) (15) (I)

------~------14 3 6 2 1 14 145 T 9. Chilloor 8 2 4 2 N J5 159 R 60 12 21 8 2 9 48 U II 3 6 1 N 14 133 T 10. Cuddapah 6 2 4 1 N 15 144 R 50 9 18 7 1 7 55 U 13 3 6 2 1 15 92 T 11. Ananlapur . 6 2 3 1 N 17 103 R 45 10 20 6 2 8 44 U 15 4 7 3 18 124 T 12. Kurnool 8 2 4 2 21 141 R 44 J1 .20 7 8 48 U 43 11 20 7 7 42 U Kurnool City 14 3 5 3 N 16 73 T 13. Mahbubnagar 11 2 4 2 N 16 76 R 48 8 19 9 2 10 49 U 45 6 13 5 1 8 56 T 14. Hyderabad 10 3 6 4 1 14 103 R 66 7 18 7 1 5 26 U Municipal corporation of Hyadarabad 71 6 18 7 5 23 U Hyderabad Division 75 13 21 6 4 25 U Secunderabad Division 14 2 7 4 1 14 121 T 15. Medak 10 2 6 3 N 14 127 R 64 9 18 9 2 10 49 U 14 3 12 6 1 9 182 T 16. Nizamabad 8 2 10 6 N 10 203 R 49 8 19 9 2 6 63 U 54 7 21 10 5 57 U Nizamabad City 10 3 7 3 N 8 251 T 17. Adilabad 6 2 6 3 N 8 282 R 33 8 13 9 I 5 56 U 8 2 6 2 N 6 149 T 18 Karimnagar 4 2 5 I N 6 160 R 43 7 16 7 1 4 38 U 9 3 5 1 N 5 138 T 19. Warangal 4 2 4 1 N 5 )51 R 42 8 16 7 I 3 31 U 42 7 16 8 2 3 26 U Warangal . City 8 3 9 3 4 201 T 20. Khammam 4 2 9 I 4 225 R 34 10 13 16 4 43 U 11 3 4 2 1 9 77 T 21. Nalgonda 8 2 3 1 N 10 81 R SO 10 14 8 1 4 33 U • 148 SUBSIDIARY TABLE H-1.2 DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 CENSUS HOUSES FOR SELECTED TYPES OF USE AMONG RURAL AND URBAN AREAS ------CENSUS HOUSES USED AS '~ ____' ______._...A.. --_._---, StatelDistrict Vacant at the time of Workshop-cum-resi- HOU5~listing Wholly re~identid S:10 ,J-cum-residence dence including House- , ___.A. __--, hold Industry , __~.A. ___,.._" r-----...A....-- --I r--- - .A.- ---., Rural Urban Rural Urban Rurai Urban Rural Urban

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) ( 8) (9) ---- ANDHRA PRADESH 812 188 827 173 795 205 811 189 1. Sri kakul am 902 98 899 101 856 144 882 118

2. Visakhapalnam 853 147 808 192 759 241 854 146

3. East Godavari 771 229 821 179 809 191 859 141

4. West Godavari 774 226 852 148 769 231 725 275

5. Krishna 657 343 770 230 762 238 637 363

6. Gunlur 678 322 768 232 711 289 556 444

7. Ongole (Prakasam) 869 131 895 105 781 219 706 294

8. Nellore 818 182 852 148 752 248 711 289

9. Chittoor 824 176 878 122 802 198 770 230

10. Cuddapah 879 121 874 126 811 189 780 220

11. Ananlapur 831 169 831 169 763 237 659 341

12. Kurnool . 863 137 813 187 795 205 536 464

13. Mahbubnagar 812 128 923 77 903 97 852 148

14. Hyderabad 427 573• 367 633 519 481 789 211

15. Medak 900 100 922 78 913 87 920 80

16. Nizamabad 812 188 847 153 845 155 670 330

17. Adilabad 781 219 834 166 772 228 938 62

18. Karimnagar 893 107 909 91 884 116 914 86

19. Waraugal 857 143 884 116 857 143 952 48

20.> Khammam 683 317 862 138 767 233 899 101

21. Nalgonda 877 123 932 68 931 69 986 14 149 SUBSIDIARY TABLE H-Il.l DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 CENSUS HOUSES BY PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF WALL IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS SEPARATELY

PREDOMINANT MATE RIAL OF WALL ,.... ------State!District!City T Grass, Mud Unburnt Wood B'.lrnt G. I. she~' s S'one Cement All other R leaves, bricks bricks or other Cane,ete materials U reeds or M~tal and bamboo Sneets materials not stated

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) '(7) (8) (9) (10) (1\)

ANDIIRA PRADESH T 91 496 12 18 190 1 189 2 1 R 95 539 13 19 131 N 200 2 1 U 68 286 10 13 479 3 136 5 N

1. Srikakulam T 21 711 13 16 222 1 15 1 N R 23 737 14 15 197 N 13 1 N U 8 496 4 25 428 5 32 2 N

2. Visakha!)a.inam T 31 720 2 27 157 1 59 3 N R 33 797 3 29 111 N 26 1 N U 21 394 1 18 353 6 196 11 N Visakhapatnam City U 29 404 18 214 4 310 20 N

3. East Gooavari T 161 346 47 36 400 N 7 3 N R 179 355 55 40 363 N 6 2 N U 77 303 12 17 572 N 11 7 1 Kakinada City U 65 299 2 6 623 2 3 N Rajahmundry City U 54 258 5 18 643 4 17

4. West Godavari T 181 415 112 29 240 N 20 3 N R 186 444 117 30 197 N 23 3 N U 156 263 90 24 453 1 11 1 1 Eluru City U 49 342 4 27 546 28 2 1

5. K.rishna T 150 491 3 30 232 1 86 7 N R 157 557 4 35 175 N 69 3 N U 125 261 2 13 431 1 147 20 N Machilipatnam U 126 222 3 14 624 N 6 .5 N (Bander) City Vijayawada City • U 118 172 2 9 446 2 218 33 N

6. Guntur T 128 353 1 15 234 1 262 4 2 R 120 384 N 15 184 N 292 3 2 U 156 251 2 13 401 4 166 6 1 GunturCity U 138 262 5 12 524 7 45 6

7. Ongole (Prakasam) . T 66 408 N 3 143 N 373 7 N R 63 424 N 3 124 N 379 7 N U 95 267 1 9 313 1 312 2 N

8. Nellore . T 26 502 1 9 209 1 250 2 N R 28 518 1 8 156 N 287 2 N U 14 414 5 11 512 4 39 1 Nel!ore Oity U 13 363 9 7 603 2 3

9. Chittoor . T 4 698 1 6 234 N 55 1 1 R 4 750 1 6 178 N 60 N 1 U 5 337 4 6 621 1 18 8 N 10. Cuddapah T 3 379 1 2 65 N 547 2 1 R 3 396 I 1 39 N 558 1 1 U 8 266 2 7 243 2 465 6 1 ISO SUBSIDIARY TABLE H-ll. I-cancld. DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 CENSUS HOUSES BY PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF WALL IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS SEPARATELY

~ ______PREDOMINANT~ ____ MATERIALA_~ ______OF WALL ~ S·l:e/ j):,trict [City T Grass, Mud UnbLlrnt Wood Burnt G.I. sheets Stone Cement Allother R baves bricks bricks or other concrete materials U reeds or metal and ma- bamboo sheets terials not stated

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (II)

II. Anantapur 1 31 187 2~ 5 120 1 625 1 R 19 202 27 2 63 N 685 1 U 88 115 38 18 392 3 345 N

12. Kurnoo l . T 111 91 2 3 7 2 783 1 N R 98 85 1 2 3 N 810 1 N U 169 118 6 8 25 8 663 3 Kurnool City U 102 27 2 3 2 861 3

13. Mahabubnagar T 35 533 2 3 49 N 377 1 N R 37 561 2 2 19 N 379 N N U 22 236 7 4 371 4 354 2

14. Hyderabad T 19 349 2 7 469 1 149 4 N R 40 562 N 11 53 N 333 1 .. U 6 219 3 6 724 2 3S 5 N Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad Hyderabad Division U 5 242 3 6 721 2 _ 16 5 N Secunderabad U 3 74 5 4 903 2 5 Division 15. Medak T 44 649 N 7 43 1 256 N N R 47 662 N 7 16 N 267 I N U 18 502 I 4 346 4 124 1 N

16. Nizamabad T 101 557 13 33 223 1 69 2 R 106 594 14 36 168 N 80 1 U 72 350 9 21 532 4 8 3 Nizamabad City U 54 272 7 24 635 3 4 N

17. Adilabad T 400 307 1 98 160 I 29 1 3 R 430 304 I 110 117 N 33 I 4 U 212 320 1 22 429 4 7 3 2

18. Karimnagar . T 64 736 N 12 147 N 37 I 3 R 67 766 N 13 114 N 37 N 3 U 38 418 I 7 497 1 35 2 1

19. Waraugal T 88 678 2 20 159 N ~2 N 1 R 98 725 I 22 96 N 57 N 1 U 14 291 12 7 669 1 5 1 Warangal City U 13 284 14 7 676 5 N

20. Khammam T 339 479 1 28 135 1 12 1 4 R 379 499 1 29 74 N 13 1 4 U 73 342 7 21 545 3 8 1 N

21. Nalgonda T 11 828 N 3 61 N 96 1 N R 12 861 N 3 34 N 89 1 N U 7 397 N 7 406 2 180 1 N lSI SUBSIDIARY TABLE H-lI.I(A) DISTRIBUTION OF 1,0:)0 RESIDENTIAL CENSUS HOUSES BY PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF WALL IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS SEPARATELY

~------

, ______PREDOMINANTA_ MATERIAL ______OF WALL ~

Sta1elDhtrict!Cily T Grass, L'!ave"Reed, Burnl. Brick" G. I. All other Materials R or Bamboo, Mud, Sheets or other Metal and Materials not U Unbllrn! Brickl,Wood Sheets, S'one,Cement stated . _------.------_.. 2 3 4 5

ANDHRA PRADESH T 639 361 N R 688 312 N U 408 592 N

1. Srikakulam T 789 211 N R 811 189 N U 589 41J N

2. Visakhapatnam T 797 20j N R 876 124 N U 463 537 N Visakhapatnam City U 471 529

3. East Godavari T 616 384 N R 652 348 N U 447 553 N Kakinlda City U 409 591 Rljahmundry Ci ty. U 360 640

4. West Godavari T 771 229 N R 803 ]97 N U 592 408 N Eluru City U 468 532

5. Krishna . T 698 302 N R 776 224 N U 440 560 N Machilipatnam (Bander) Ci ty U 402 598 N Vijayawada City U 339 661 N

6. Guntur T 522 477 1 R 540 459 ] U 464 536 N Guntur City. U 457 543 N

7. Ongole (Prakasam) . T 513 487 N R 525 475 N U 412 588 N 8. Nellore T 581 419 N R 597 403 N U 496 504

Nellore City. U 450 550

9 Chittoor . T 741 259 N R 790 210 N U 400 600

10. Cuddapah T 391 609 N R 404 596 N U 306 694 N 152 SUBSIDIARY tABLE H.II-l(A)_Concld. DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 RESIDENTIAl! CENSUS HOUSES BY PREDOMINANT MATEIUAL OF WALL iN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS SEPARATELY ---- ._------T PREDOMINANT MATERI AL OF WALt State/District/City R r------"------'-----;_'-.:...., U Grass, Leav:::s, Reeds Burnt Bricks, G.I. All other Materials or Bamboo, Mud, Sheets or Other and Materials not Unburnt Bricks, Metal Sheets, stated Wood Stone, Cement ------2 3 4 5 ------11. Anantapur T 264 735 R 262 737 U 275 725

12. Kurnool . t 2M 794 N R 179 821 N U 323 677 Kurnool City U 146 854

13. Mahbubnagar . T 597 403 N R 623 377 N U 297 703

14. Hyderabad T 401 599 N R 643 357 U 256 744 N Municipal CJrporation of Hyderabad Hyderabad Division . U 282 718 N Secunderabad Division . U 95 905

15. Medak T 715 287 N R 725 275 N U 575 425

16. Nizamabad . T 702 298 N R 745 255 N U 477 523 N Nizamabad Ci ty . U 389 611 N

17. Adilabad T 796 202 2 R 840 158 2 U 571 429 N 18. Karimnagar . T 835 164 1 R 871 128 I U 476 524 N

19. Warangal T 797 203 N R 855 145 N U 352 648 N Warangal City U 343 657 N

20. Khammam . T 857 140 3 R 920 76 4 U 466 534 N

21. Nalgonda T 864 136 N R 893 107 N V 45~ ~42

154

SUBSIDIARY TABLE H-li. 2-Conc/d. DIST RIBUTION OF 1,000 CENSUS HOUSES BY PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS SEPARATELY

-----_._-_.. PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF r---__------______A .., Statc/DislnctjCity T Grass, leaves, Tiles, slate, (_:o rrug?tcd Asbestos Brick & Stone Concrete AlIOlher R reeds, tha:ch shingle lfon, ZInc cement Lime R.B.C., materi al and U wood, mud, or other sheets R.C.C. materials nOt unburnt metal sheets stated bricks or bamboo ._-_.. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

10. Cuddapah T 874 28 6 1 14 21 55 1 R 909 17 4 1 13 19 36 1 U 633 104 20 6 23 30 183 1

11. Anantapur T 888 12 6 2 4 39 49 N R 928 7 2 1 3 27 32 N U 694 40 24 5 11 95 131 N

12. Kurnool T 905 6 9 2 N 46 32 N R 952 3 3 1 N 31 10 N U 691 22 31 8 1 116 131 Kurnool City U 595 4 10 7 100 283

13. Mahbubnagar T 810 76 11 1 26 56 20 N R 848 57 5 1 20 55 14 N U 418 275 75 6 85 59 82 N

Hyderabad .T 167 401 56 34 58 103 178 3 R 335 385 14 7 5 227 27 N U 64 410 83 ;1 90 27 271 4 Municipal Corpora- tion of Hyderabad Hyderabad DVn. U 62 429 89 46 104 6 258 6 Seunderabad Dvn. U 49 315 67 62 94 5 408 N

15. Medak T 308 590 26 2 4 41 28 1 R 322 594 19 1 4 43 16 1 U 143 537 108 10 1 24 169 8

16. Nizamabad T 313 623 17 10 2 1 34 N R 318 654 9 4 1 1 13 N U 281 450 63 46 8 1 150 1 Nizamabad City U 283 461 70 12 14 N 160 N

17. Adilabad T 481 400 83 17 2 1 15 1 R 503 413 74 3 1 1 4 1 U 347 317 135 106 11 1 83 N

18. Karimnagar T 341 623 7 8 2 17 1 R 356 624 5 3 1 10 N U 192 612 29 60 8 97 I

19. Waranga] T 522 430 13 2 5 2 26 N R 574 400 10 1 2 2 11 N U 102 675 31 12 29 1 150 N Warangal City U 70 691 29 14 24 N 172 N

20. Khammant T 815 liS 18 16 2 1 30 N R 886 77 13 4 2 1 17 N U 339 386 52 101 5 N 117 N

21. Nalgonda T 677 253 17 9 12 7 25 N R 709 244 14 2 II 7 16 N U 246 368 42 1(l9 75 13 147 N 1~' SUBSIDIARY TABLE H-I1.2(A) DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 RESIDENTIAL CENSUS HOUSES BY PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS SEPARATELY ._--- PREDIMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF r------·-·----"-- -, Grass, leaves, reeds, Ti les, slate, shingle, All other material and T bamboo, thatch, mud, corrugated iron, zinc materials not stat(d Stale[District!City R unburnt bricks or other metal sheets, U or wood asbestos cement sheets, brick lime, stone & R.B,C'1 R.C.C.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

ANDHRA PRADESH T 672 328 N R 728 272 N U 409 590 1

1. Srikakulam T 836 164 N R 859 141 N U 638 362 N

2. Visakhapatnam T 809 191 N R 887 113 N U 480 520 N Visakhapatnam City U 481 519

3. East Godavari T 654 346 N R 705 295 N U 415 585 N Kakinada City U 410 590 Ra,jahmundry City U 286 714

4. West Godavari T 736 264 N R 770 230 N U 542 458 N Eluru City U 478 522

5. Krishna T 772 228 N R 850 150 N U 516 484 N Machilipatnam (Bander) City U 438 562 Vijayawada City U 437 563 N

6. Gunlur T 704 296 N R 752 248 N U 548 452 N GuntuT City U 475 523 2

7. Oogole (Prakasam) . T 704 296 N R 732 268 N U 483 517

8. Nellore T 846 154 N R 892 108 N U 588 412 Nellore City U 551 449

9. Chittoor T 736 262 2 R 782 217 1 U 414 578 8

10. Cuddapah T 891 109 N R 922 78 N V 680 320 N 16-1 Census Audftra/7~ 156 SUBSIDIARY TABLE H-Il2(A)--Co/lc/d. DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 RESIDENTIAL CENSUS HOUSES BY PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS SEPARATELY

.~--~- ~-'--"--' --~------.. _- -_. __ ._-----_- -....._--- PRE D OM 1 NAN T MATERIAL OF ROOF r------"------, Grass, leaves, reedl, Tiles, slate, shingle, All ot.her materials S~ateIDis!ri ct/Ci ty T bamboo, thatch, mUd, corruga1ed iron, zinc and materIal R unburnt bricks or other metal sheets, not stated U Of wood asbestos cement sheets, brick lime, ,tone & R.B.C., R.C.C. ---- 2 3 4 5

11. Anantapur T 908 92 N R 945 55 N U 734 266 N 12. Kuroool T 927 73 N R 972 28 N U 734 266 Kuroool City U 639 361 13. Mahbubnagar T 824 176 N R 858 142 N U 442 558 14. Hyderabad T 166 832 2 R 325 675 N U 71 926 3 Hyderabld Municipal corporation Hyderabad Division . U 69 927 4 Secundcrabad Division. U 55 945 N

15. Medak T 275 724 1 R 285 715 N U 157 836 7 16. Nizamabad T 262 738 N R 254 746 N U 308 692 N Nizamabad City U 312 688 N 17. Adilabad T 442 557 R 458 541 U 365 635

1,8. Karimnagar T 311 689 R 322 678 N U 202 798

19. Warangal T 483 517 R 531 469 N U 110 890 N Waraugal City U 74 926 20 Khammam T 816 184 N R 890 110 N U 361 639

21 Nalgonda T 684 ~16 N R 713 287 J N 11 m 728 N 157 SUBSIDIARY TABLE H-III. 1

DISTRIBUTION OF 1,000 CENSUS HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS OCCUPIED

------,~,---, ~---- One Two Three Four Five State/District/City T Room Rooms Rooms Rooms Rooms Unspecified Households R and number of with U above Rooms details un- specified

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 -,-_.

ANDHRA PRADESH T 616 246 77 34 27 N N R 635 241 70 30 24 N N U 529 268 108 53 42 N N

1. Srikakulam T 870 102 19 6 3 N R 887 92 15 4 2 N U 718 191 54 21 16 N

2. Visakhapatnam T 863 101 21 8 7 N N R 902 78 13 4 3 N N U 702 193 54 28 23 N Visakhapatnam City . U 682 208 56 30 24 N

3. East Godavari T 535 297 81 46 41 N R 537 300 77 45 41 N U 525 283 96 51 45 N Kakinada Ci ty U 483 301 108 59 49 N Rajahmundry City. U 607 261 74 35 23 N

4. West Godavari T 512 316 86 44 42 N N R 529 311 80 42 38 N N U 423 341 121 ~7 58 N Eluru City U 428 309 144 64 55 N

5. Krishna T 589 266 83 37 25 N R 613 263 72 31 21 N U 515 277 115 54 39 N Machilipatnam City U 408 298 137 89 68 N Vijayawada City U 564 255 109 42 30 N

6. Guntur T 535 271 107 50 37 N N R 516 281 111 54 38 N U 598 239 93 39 31 N Gunlur City . U 630 210 86 40 34 N

7. Ongole (Prakasam) T 670 210 70 27 23 N R 675 207 68 27 23 N U 635 229 84 31 21 N

8. Nellore T 754 164 48 18 16 N N R 777 160 40 13 10 N N U 626 190 92 44 48 N N Nellore City. U 608 195 101 43 53 N

9. Chitloor T 723 182 55 23 17 N R 746 175 48 18 13 N U 565 230 104 57 44 N IS8 SUBSIDIARY TABLE H-I1I.I--Concld

DISTRIBUTION OF 1000 CENSUS HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS OCCUPIED ----_.. _------_--- One Two Three Four Five S!ats/District/City T Room Rooms Rooms Rooms Rooms Unspecified Households R and number of with U above Rooms details un. specified ------2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 -----.-.------.------.------.---.. ------10. 'Cuddapab T 740 187 49 15 9 N R 758 183 42 11 6 N U 619 214 95 39 33 N

11. Anan'apl'f T 661 234 63 24 18 N R 685 225 57 20 13 N U 548 276 92 43 41 N

12. Kurnoo! T 639 249 71 24 17 N R 665 246 59 18 12 N U 531 262 121 48 38 N Kurnool City U 420 252 184- 112 62 N

13.- Mahbubnagar T 499 302 103 46 50 N R 5(J3 303 101 44 49 N U 445 294 134 IlO 67 N

14 .. Hyderabad . T 432 295 137 73 63 N N R 439 293 140 70 58 N N l; 427 296 135 76 66 N N Hyd~rabad Municipal Corporation Hyderabad Division . U 449 289 127 72 63 N N S~cunderabad Division U 335 326 162 96 81 N

15. Medak T 480 312 124 52 32 N N R 488 310 120 51 31 N N U 392 333 168 61 46 N

16. Nizamabad T 546 319 82 32 21 N R 553 322 76 30 19 N U 514 301 111 42 32 Nizamabad City • U 512 291 112 49 36

17. Adilabad . T 615 283 65 26 11 N R 623 291 60 18 8 N U 578 246 87 64 25 N

18 .. Karimnagar T 617 285 64 24 10 N R 628 284 61 18 9 N U 509 294 97 78 22 N

19. "'arangal T 501 318 114 43 24 N N R 524 314 104 38 20 ., N U 327 343 193 85 52 N N Warangal City U 326 351 191 84 48 N N

20. Kh mmam T 597 286 66 25 26 N R 611 282 59 22 26 N U 511 312 109 41 27 N

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CORRIG f.NDUM

Page No. Particulars Line No. For Read I 2 3 4 5

I Para 5 4 Part-III Part IIl-B 12 Para 18 19 Krishna District Guntur District 13 Para 19 19 71 72 24 is less than 4 is 4 Para 22 17 except Medak compared to except Medak, Anantapur and Nell ore compared to 14 Para 24 29 Kuroool, Nalgonda Kurnool, Mahbubnagar, Nalgonda 15 Para 26 26 6 to 14 6 to 15 16 Para 28 3 96,325 96,375 7 is twice is nearly twice 18 Ongole (Prakasam) Dis- 67 63 trict 1960-U Col. 17 20 Waranga! Dis!. 1970·R Col. 7 728 782 24 Para 10 7 11.8% in Kurooo! 11. SOlo in Anantapur 11 Nizamabad, Khammam Nizamabad, Adilabad, Khammam 25 Para 14 11 Ongole (Prakasam) Mah- Ongole (Prakasam), Nellore, Mahbubnagar bub nagar Para 20 8 il) Kurnool District in Cuddapah District Para 21 5 2'.5% 7 I~tin ahbubnagar district in Mahbubnagar and Medak districts 26 Para 26 6 4.H 0.7% Para 26 7 East Godavari, West East Godavari, Nellore, West Para 27 4 in 1970 in 1960 29 Para 40 8 to 35.4% in Mahbubna- to 3'.5% in Anantapur district gar district 32 Para 58 9 Five Four 10 Nizamabad, Adilabad, Nizamabad and Karimnagar and Karimnagar Para 59 2 37.9% 37.7% Para 62 9 from 4.0% from 2.2% 10 of Anantapur district to of Kuroool district to 33 Para 65 8 except tn Nellore in the urban areas of all the districts except in Nellore Para 68 1 forming 2.5% forming 2 ·3% Para 73 7 more than \0% more than \% Para 74 4 Kuroool district Kuroool arId Medak districts 34 Para 78 7 is 'nil' in is negligi ble in 36 Para 85 12 69.4% 69.1 0/. 38 Para 92 4 in Rajahmundry in Kakinada, Vijayawada. Machilipatnam Rajahmundry , Para 94 8 Chapter V Chapter IV 42 Sta tement III. 8 Bihar Col. 5 40.91 41.91 43 Statement IV.l Khammam 1.79 1.80 district Urban Col. 4 44 Para 12 II areas in some inadequate areas is somewhat inadequate Para 13 6 5.25 persons 5.24 persons 15 Nellore Ongole 16 4.71 persons 4 '19

Page No. Particulars Line No. For Read 1 2 3 4 5

53 Para 43 36 in Nellore city in Machilipatnam city 41 9 ~O persons 9166 persons 54 Para 49 6 while Visakhapatnam citly while Kurnool city 7 4 '49 persons 4.54 persons 57 Para 8 3 Mahbubnagar district Mahbubnagar and Nalgonda districts take takes 5 Ongole (Prakasam) district Medak district 6 92.1% 93.1 % 58 Para 9 4 The rural areas of Nal­ The rural areas of Nalgonda, Medak and gand'! and Para 12 5&6 in all the cities except in all the cities except Vijayawada and Hyderabad Rajahmundry, Vijaya­ wada, Kuroool and Hyderabad 6 The decline The increase 8 Vijayawada, Kurnool Vijayawada and Hyderabad cities and Hyderabad cities 60 East Godavari Dist. Para 2 17 to 20 Actually there has been Deleted "" "in 1960 62 Kurnoo! Dist. PattJ 13 to 16 As stated earlier ...... Deleted position in 1960 Hyderabad District 8 110,085 households 111,085 households 8 880,145 280,145 63 Medak District Para 3 S of two-member house- of one and two-member householdG holds Nizamabad District Para 2 10 33% 37% II only to-the extent of less than even Karimnagar Dist, Para 1 6 9,756 . 9,765 13 of 3 more districts viz., of 4 more districts viz., Srikakulam, Ongole, Srikakulam, Ongole and Nellore and 64 Khammam Dis!. Para 2 4 43.6% 40.6% 5 Four member and five Five-member and four 65 Para 19 18 10% 11% 66 Para 21 26-27 Households with 5 mem- Households with 4 members and 5 members bers and 4 members 130 East Godavari District T Col. B 622,560 662,560 West Godavari District T Col. 10 164,270 146,270 Krishna District U Col. 9 13,660 131,660 11 872,200 87,200 131 Visakhapatnam District T Col. 21 15,95 15,915 132 Mahbubnagar District R Co]. 12 263,840 263,845 Medak District R Col. 12 206,270 206,720 U Col. 12 19,550 19,530 135 Rajahmundry City Col. 25 2 25 139 Ongole (Prakasam) Dt. R Rented 2,845 2,485 Col. 6 140 Mahbubnagar Dt. R Total Co]. 7 55,800 45,800 159 Andhra Pradesh U Col. 4 5.25 5.24 160 Andhra Pradesh T Col. 21 1.20 1.19 Andhra Pradesh U Col. 19 0.85 0.84 Eluru City Col. 24 7.90 7.89 Guntur District T Col. 19 0.71 0.70 161 Cuddapah District R Col. 16 6'97 6.99 Kurnool District R Col. 14 2']7 1'17 162 Mahbubnagar District. U Col. 20 6.33 6.63 Secunderabad Division Col. 17 1. 78 1.79 163 Nalgonda District U Col. 12 1.96 4.96 164 Waraugal District T Co]. 22 0.62 0,63 Warangal District T Col. 23 1.52 0.62 Waranga! District T Col. 24 0,63 7,52 167 Karimnagar District U Col. 11 79 97 1971 CENSUS PUBLICATIONS GOVERNMENT OF INDIA PUBLICA nONS Series 2-Andhra Pradesh

Part I-A General Report Part loB General Report Part I-C Subsidiary Tables

Part II-A General Population Tables . Published Part ll-B Economic Tables Part H-C Social and CulturalTables and FertllltyTables Part lI-D Migration Tables

Part III·B Estabti~hments Tables. , Under Print Part III-A Report and Subsidiary Tables on Establishments

Part IV HousIng Report and Tables The presen~Volume

Part VI-A Town Directory • Part VI-B(i-xx) Special Survey Reports on selected Towns Part VI-C(I-v) Survey Reports on selectca Villages

Part VIII-A AdminIstratIon Report :on EnumeratIon (For Otficial use only) PUblished Part VUH AdmInistratIon, Report on TabulatIon (Por Official use onlYJ

Part IX Census Atlas Part IX-A Administrative Census Atlas . under print

Part XI Special Monographs

GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH PUBLICA!]'IONS

DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOl{S

Part X-A Village and Town Directory . ·1 One volume for each District Part X-B Village and Townwlse Prlmary Census Abstract .J Part X-c AnalytIcal Report, DeIlartmental Statistics and Dlstrid Census $eparate volujl1e fpr each Tables Dlstrlct

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LIST OF AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF GOVERNMENT OF INDIA PUBLICATIONS AS ON 31-3-1970

Station Serial. Name of the Party Cate. No. of Station Name of the Party Cate. Agents of AgeD IS 4 4 AGRA National Book House, Jeoni (Rrg.) Mawl. 33 Makkal. Pustak Press, Balamandira, (Reg.) Gandhingar. Wedhwa & Co., 4.) Civil Lin" (Reg.) 34 8.S. Book Emporium, 118, Mount (Reg.) Banwari Lal Jain, Publirl ers, (Rest) Roy Road, Hanumant Nagar. Moti Katra. 35 Standard Book Depot, Avenue Road (Reg.) Asa Ram Baldeo Dass & Sons, (Rest.) Bagh Muzaffarpur. 36 Vichara 8ahitya P. Ltd., Balepet (Reg.) 37 Atma Stores, ~th Cross Malleswaram (Rest·) .AIlMBDABAD Balgovind Booksellers, Gandhi (Rest.) Road. BAREILLY. 38 AgarWal Bros., Bara Bazar (Re~.) 6 Chandra Kant Chimanallal Vora, (Reg.) BARODA 39 New Medical Book House, 540 (Rest.) Gandhi Road. Maden,amP' Road. New Order Book Co., Gandhi Road, (Reg.) 40 Sh· Chandrakant Mohan Lal Shall Ellis Bridge. Gain; Shankar Bldg. Diwanji's Wada Dandia Bazar. (Rest.) Sastu Kita~ Ghar, Near Relief Talkies (Reg.) Patthar Kava Relief Road. lIHAGALPUR 41 Paper Stationery Storel, D.N. Singh Road. (Reg.) Cujarat Law House, Near Muni- (Rest.) cipal Swimming Bath. BHOPAL. 42 Lyall Book Depot, Moh· Din Bldg. Sultania Road. (Reg.) 10 Mah"jan Bros., Opp. Khadia Police (Rest.) Gate. 43 Bhopal Sahitya Sadan, Publishers, (Rest.) Bookselers & Stationers, 37, Lal- II Himanshu Book Co., I 0 Mission Mar- (Rest.) wani Press Road. ket, Near Gujarat College. BHUBANES HW AR 44 Prabhat K. Mahapatra, Bhubane- (Reg.) AHMEDNAGAR 12 V.T. Jorkar, Prop. Rama General (Res!.) shwar Marg. Stores, Navi Peth. BHAVANAGAR 45 Shah Parsotam Dass Gigabhai, M.G. (Rest.) AlMER 13 Book Land, 663, Madar Gate (Reg.) Road. 14 Rajputana Book House, Station (Reg.) 46 Bolpur Pustakalaya,RabindraSarai, (Rest.) Road. P.O. Bolpur, Birbhum (W.B.) AUGARH. 15 Friend's Book House, Muslim Uni- (Reg.) BIJAPUR 47 Sh. D. V. Deshpande Recognised (Res!.) versity Market. Law Booksellers, Prop. Vinod Book Depot, Near Sh;ralshetti 16 New Kitab Ghar, Mill Market (Rest.) chowk. ALLAHABAD 17 Kitabistan, 17·A, Kamla Nehru (Reg.) BELGARIA 48 Granthloka, 5/1, Ambika Mukha- (Rest.) Road. rji Road, 24 Parganas, W.B. 18 Law Book Co., Sardar Patel Marg, (Reg.) BIKANER 49 Bhandari Bros. Gaga Gate (Resto) P. Box. 4. BOMBAY 50 Charles Lambert & Co., 10 I, M.G. (Reg.) 19 Ram Marain Lal Beni Madho. 2-A, (Reg.) Road. Kalra Road. 51 Co-operators Book Depot,532, Ahmed (Reg.) 20 Universal Book, Co.,20 M.G. Road. (Reg.) Sailor Bldg. Dadar. 21 Universily Book Agency (of Lahore) (Reg.) 52 Current Book House, Maruti Lane, (Reg.) Elgin Road. RaghUIlath Dadaji Street. 22 Bhara! Law House, 15, Mahatma (Rest.) 53 Current Technical Literature Go. (Reg.) Gandhi Marg. P. Ltd., India House, lSI Floor. 23 Chandralok Prakashan.73, Darbhen. (Rest.) 54 C.Jamnadas & Co., Booksellers, 146-0 (Reg.) ga Colony. Princess St. 24 Ram Narain Lal Beni Prasad, 21A, (Rest.) 55 Indo Nath & Co., Office No. B, 1st (Reg.) Katra Road. Floor,257 Frase Road. AMBALA CANTT 25 English Book Depot, Ambala Cantt (Reg.) 56 International Book House Ltd. 9, (Reg.) Ash Lane, M.O. Road. AMBALA CITY 26 Sethi Law Hou,e, 8719, Railway Road, (Reg.) 57 Kothari Book Depot, King Edward (Reg.) Ambala City. Road.

AMRITSAR 27 Amar Nath & Sons, Nea! P.O. Majith (Reg.) 58 Lakhani Book Depot, Girgaum (Rei.) Mandi. 59 Minerva Book Shop, 10, Kaililsh (Reg.) 28 Law Book Agency, G.T. I ,ad, (Reg.) Darshan, 3rd Floor, Nana Chowk Putligarh. 60 N.M. Tripathi P. Ltd, Princon (Reg.) 29 The Booksellers Retreat, Hall Bazar. (Reg.) Street.

ANAND 61 New Book Co. 18B·190 Dr. Da,la· (Reg.) 30 Vijay'l Stores, Station Road. • (Rest.) bhai Naroji Road. BANGALQRE 31 Bangalore Press, Lake View,Mysore (Reg.) Road, P.O.B. No. 507 62 p·P.H. Book Stall, 1901B Khetwadi (Reg.) Main Road. 32 Internalional Book House Private 63 World Literature, Pyare Singh (Rest.) Lid., 4F, M. G. Road. . (Reg.) Chug House, Agr. Road,

(iii) (iv)

Cate. Cate. Station Serial Name of the Party Station Serial Name of the Party o! No. of No. Agents Agents 4 3 Shop No.5. (Reg.) BOMBAY-(Conld) 64 Swastik Sales Co. Scientific' & (Rest·.) CHANDIGARH 99 Jain Law Agency Technical Booksellers Sector 22 D. (Reg.) 65 M. & J. Services 2-A, Bahri Building (Rest.) 100 Mehta Bros., 1933, Sector 22 B P.B. 6007. 101 Rama New< Agency, Booksellers, (Reg.) 66 PopulM Book Depol, Laminglon Rd. (Reg.) Sector NO.2 2. 67 Sunderdas Gain Chand,60 I ,Girgaum (Reg.) 102 Universal Book Store, Booth No. (Reg.) Road, Near Princess Street. 25 Sector No. 22 D 68 Thacker & Co., Rampart Row (Reg.) 103 English Book Shop 34, Sector 22 D (Rest.) 69 All India Supply Co., 342, Kalbo- (Rest.) CALlCUt 104 Touring Book Stall, Court Road. (Rest.) devi Road. CUTTACK . 105 Cuttack Law Times, Cuttack (Reg.) Amalgamated Press, 41 Hamam (Rest) 70 106 D.P. Soor & Sons, Manglabad (Relt.) Street. 107 New Students Store (Rest.) Asian Trading Co., 31O, the Mira- (Rest.) 71 DEHRADUN 108 Bishan Singh and Mahendra Pal (Reg.) ballie, P.B. 1505 Singh, 318, Chukhuwala. Sales tax Practitioner As- (Re.I.) 72 Secreta.ry, 109 Jugal Kishore & Co., Rajpur Road (Reg.) sociation, Room No.8, Palton Road. 110 National New. Agency, Paltan Bazar (Reg.) 73 Usha Book Depot, 585 Chira Bazar (Reg.) III Sant Singh & Sons, 28, Rama Market (Re'I.) CALCUTTA 14 Chatterjee & Co., 3/1, Becharam (Reg.) Chatterjee Lane. 112 Universal Book House, 39A, Rajpur (Rest) Road. 75 Current Literature Co., 208, M.G. (Rest.) Road. 113 Natraj Publishers, 52 Rajpur Road (Reg.) 76 Dass Gupta & Co., Ltd., 54/3, College (Reg·) DELHI 114 Atma Ram & Sons, K:lShmere Gate (Reg.) Street. 115 Bahri Bros, 243,Lajpat Rai Market (Reg.) 77 Firma K. L. Mukhopadhya, 6/1A, (Reg.) Banchharam Akrur Lane. 116 Bawa Harkishan Dass Bedi (Vij"ya (Reg.) General Agency DelhI Ahata Ko. 78 Hindu Library, 69-A, Bolaram De (Reg.) dara Chamalian Road.) Stre,t. 117 Bookwells,4 Sant Narankari Colony, (Reg) 79 M.C Sarkar & Sons P. Ltd.,14 Ban- (Reg.) P.B. 1565, DeIl,i·9. . kim Chatterji Lane. 118 Dhanwant Medical & Law Book (Reg) 80 Oxford Book Stationery Co., 17 (Reg.) House, 1522 Lajpat Rai Market. . Park St. 119 Federal Law Depot, Kashmeri Gate (Reg.) 81 R. Chambrary & Co. Ltd.. Kaot (Reg.) House, P. 3 3 Mission Row Exten' 120 Imperial Publishing Co., 3, Faiz (Reg.) sion. Bazar, D. Ganj. 82 S.C. Sarkar & SonS P. Ltd.. IC (Reg.) 121 Indian Army Book Depot, 3, Ansari (Reg.) College. Road. D. Ganj. 83 S. K. Lahiri & Co., Ltd., College (Reg.) 122 J.M Jaina & Bros. Mori Gate • (Reg.) Street. 123 Kitab Mahal (Wholesale Division) (Reg) 84 Thacker Spink & Co. (1933) P. Ltd., (Reg.) P. Ltd., 28, Faiz Bazar. • 3, Esplande East. 124 K. L. Seth, Suppliers of Law Com· (Reg.) 85 W. Newman & Co. Ltd.. 3. Old (Re~.) mereial & Tech. Books, Shanti Court House St. nagar, Ganeshpura.

86 Indian Book Dist. Co., G-52 M.G. (Rest.) 125 Metropolitan Book Co., I, Fai. (Reg.) Road. Bazar. 126 Publication Centre, 5ubzi Mandi (Reg) 87 K.K. Roy, 55, Gariahat Road, P. (Rest.) 01'1" Birla Mills. ,. Box No. 10210. 127 Sat Narain & Sons, 3141, Mohd. (Reg.) 88 Manimala,123, Bow Bazar Street (Reg.) Ali Bazar, M. Gate. 89 Modern Book Depot, Chowringhee (Rest.) 128 Universal Book & Stationery Co., (Reg.) Centre. 16, Netaji Subhas Marg. 90 New ScriPt, 172/3, RiUh Behari (Reg.) 129 Universal Book Traders, 80,Gokhale (~eg.) Avenue Market. 91 Gyan Bharati, 171.A, M.G. Road. (Reg.) 130 Youngman& Co.,Nai Sarak (Reg.) 92 Mukherjee Library, I, Gopi Mohan (Rest.) 131 Adrash.Publicity Service, 5-A/IO, (Rest.) Datta Lane. Ansar, Road, Darya Ganj. 93 S. Bhattachar & Co. 49, Dharamtalla (Rest.) Street. 132 AmarHindBookHouse, Nai SOlak (Rest.)

94 Scientific Book Agenc~, 103, I\etaji (Rest.) 133 All India Educational Supply Co., (Rest) Subhas Road. Sri Ram Buildings, Jawahar Nagar. . 95 Smt. P.D. Upadhyay, 16, Munshi (Rest.) 134 B. Nath & Bros., 3808, Charkawa· (Rest.) Sardaruddin Lane. Ian (Chowri Bazar). 96 Universal Book Dist. 8/2, Hastings (Rest·) 135 General Book Depot, 1691, Nai (Rest.) Street. SiU'ak.

97 Manisha Granthalaya P. Ltd., 413 (Rest.) 136 Hindi Sahitya Sansar, 1547, Nai (Reat.) B. Baokim Chatterji Street. Sarak.

98 N.M. Roy ChowdhUf\ Co.P. Ltd. 72 (Rest.) 137 Law Literature House, 2646, B,iii·(Rest) M,G. Road, maran. ' (v)

Serial Name of Ihe Party Cale. Station Serial Name:otjihe Party Cate. No. at No. of Agents Agentl 3 4 3 4 DELHI 138 Mun'hi Ram Manohar Lal, Oriental (Rest.) INDORE. 175 Wadhwa 1ft Co., 27, Mahatma (Reg.) • Booksellers & Publisher P .B· No. Gandhi Road. 1165, Nai Sarak. 176 Madhya Pradesh Book Centre, 41, (Rest., 139 Premier Book Co., Printers, Publi· (Rge.) Anilyapura. shers and Booksellers, N.i Sarak. 177 Modern Book Hou,e, Shiv ViI .. Pa- (Rest.) 140 Oversees Book Agency,3810, David (Reg.) lace. Street, Darya Ganj·9. 178 Swarup Bros, KhaJuri Bazar. (Reg.) 141 Arnir Book Depot, Nai Sarak. (Rest.) 179 Vinar Pustak Bhandar (Res. ) 142 Rajpal & Sons, Kashmeri Gate (Rest.) JAJPUR.ClTY • 180 Bharat Law House, Booksellers 1ft (Reg.) 143 Saini Law Publishing Co., 1899, lRest) Publishers Qpp. Prem Prakash Cinema. Chandni Chowk. 181 Popular Book Depot, Chanra R"'a. (Reg.) 144 Moti Lal Banarsi Dass, Bangalow (Reg·) Road, Jawahar Nagar. 182 Vani Mandir Swami Mansing High (Reg.) way. 145 Sangam Book Depot, Main Market, (Reg.) Gupta Colony. 183 RajBooks&Sub,.Agency,16Nehru (Rest.) Bazar. 146 Slimmer Bros., P.O. Birla Lines (Rest.) JAMSHEDPUR • 18-1 Amor Kitab Ghar, Diagollal Rd. (Rell.) 147 University Book House P.B. No, 78. U.B. Bangalow Road, Jawahar Nagar. (Ro,t) 1~5 Gupta Stores, Dhatkidith (Reg.) 148 001 Book S tall, Civil Court Comp- (Reg.) ound. 186 S.nyaIBros. Booksellers & New.Ag· (Rest.) ents 26 Main Road DHANBAD. 149 New Sketch Press Post Box 26,. (Res t.) JAMNAGAR 187 Swadeshi Vastu Bhandar, Ratnabai (Reg·) DHARWAR 150 Bharat Book Depot & Prakashan M.,id Road. Subhas Road. (Rest.) JODHPURj. 1BB Ohopra Bro" Tripolia Bazar (Reg.) 151 Akalwadi Book Depot, VijayRoad. (Rest.) 189 Dwarka nos Rathi, Wholtsale (Re8"') ERNAKULAM 152 South India Traders, C/o Con,titu- (Reg.) Book. and News Agents. tiona 1 Law Journal. 190 Kitab Ghar, Sojali Gate (Reg.) 153 Pai & Co., Broadway (Rest.) 191 Raiasthan Law House, High Court (Rest.) FEROZEPUR CANTT 154 English Book Depot, 18,Jhok. Road (Reg.) Road. GAYA 155 S.hitya Sadan, Gautam Budha (Reg.) JUBBALPUR 192 Modern Book House, ZS6, Jawahar- (Reg.) Marg. ganj. GOA 156 Singhbal's Book House, P.O. B.No. (Rest.) 193 Popular Book House, Nr. Omli (Rest.) 70 Near the Church. P.O. GURGAON 157 Prabhu Book Service, Nai Subzi (Rest.) JULLUNDER CITY 194 Jain General House, Bazar Ban- (Reg.) Mandi. sanwala.

GUNTUR 158 Book Lovers P. Ltd., Arnude1pet, (Reg.) 195 H.zoorina Broo., Mai Hiran Gate. (Rest.) Chowrasta. 196 University Publishers,Railway Road (Re,t, GWALIOR. 159 Loyal Book Depot, Patankar, Bazar, (Rest.) Lashkar JHUNJHUNU (RAJ) 197 Shahsi Kumar SharatChandr. (Rest.)

160 Tater Bros, Sarafe (Rest.) KANPUR 198 Advani&Co.,P.Box.l00,ThtMall (Reg.) 161 Anand Pustak Bhandar, M.L.B. (Rest.) 199 Sahitya Niketan, Shar.dhanand Park (Reg.) Marg. 200 Universal Book Stall, The Mall (Reg.) 162 M. C. Daft.ri, Prop. M.B. Jain & (Rest_) Bros., Booksellers, Sarafa, Lash- KAPSAN 20 I Parkash. nParasaron, 1/90 ,Namdhar (Reg. J kar. Niwas Azad Marq. 163 g:li~r Law House, Nr. High Court (Rest.) KOLAPUR 202 Maharashtra Granth Bhandar,Ma. (Rest.) hadwar Road. 164 Kitab Ghar, High Court Road (Reg.) KUMTA 203 S.V. Kamat,Bookseller<&.Stationers (Reg.) (S. Kana,.) GHAZIABAD 165 Jayana Book Agency, Outside S.D. (Rest.) Inter College, G.T. Road. LUCKNOW 204 Balkri'hna Book Co. Ltd., Hazarat- (Reg.) ganj. 166 S. Gapta, 342, Ram Nagar. (Reg.) 205 British Book Depol, 84,Hazratganj • (Reg.) HYDERABAD 167 The Swaraj Book Depot, Lakdikapul (Reg.) 206 Eastern Book Co., 34, La! bagh Road (Reg.) 168 Bhasha Prakashan 22-5·69 Gharka. (Rest.) wan. 207 Ram Advani Hazratganj, P.B.154 • (Reg.) 169 Booklovers, P. Ltd., Kachiguda Cho. (Rest.) 208 Universal Publishers(P)Ltd •• Hazrat- (Reg.) wrasta. . ganj. 170 Book Syndicate, Devka Mahal, Opp. (Reg.) 209 Acquarium Supply Co., 213, Faiza· (Rest,) Cen tral Bank. bad Road. 171 Labour Law Publications, 873, {Reg., 210 Civil & Military Educational Stores, Sultan Bazar. I06/B, Sadar Bazar. (Rest.)

172 Book Links Corporation, Naraya- (Reg.) lUDHIANA 211 Lyall Book Depot ChauraBazar. (Reg.) nagoda. 212 Mohindra Bro •• , Katchori Road (Rest.) HARDWAR 173 Soya Kunj, Kanshal Bhawan Bra. (Rest.) hampuri. 213 Nanda St.tioneryBhandar,Pustak (Reslo) Bazar. 174 pervaje', Book HO'l,e, Station (Reg.) Road. 214 The Pharmacy News, Pindi St. • (Reat. Oate. Station Serial Name of the Party Name of Party Gate. No, of Station Serial of Agents No. Agents 4 2 ~ 252 English Book Stores,'7-L, ·Conn.ught (Reg.) West (Reg.) NEW DELHI MADURAI 215 Oriental Book House, 258, Circus, P.B No. 328. Masi Street. 253 JainBookAgency,C/9, Prem House, (Reg.) 21G Vivekananda Press, 48, West Masi (Reg.) Oonnaught Place. Street. 254 Jayana Book Depot, P.B. 2505, Karol (Reg.) Bagb. MAl'HURA. 217 Rath & Co., Tilohi Bldg. Bengali (Rest.) Ghat. 2S5 Luxmi Book Store, 72, Janpath P,O. (Reg.) Box 553. MADRAS. 213 Account Test Institute, P.O. 760, (Reg.) Egmore. 256 Mehra Bros., 50-G, Kalkaji, New (Reg.) Delhi-19. 219 C. SUbbiah Chotty', 6211ig Street, (Reg.) T,lplicane. 257 Navyug Traders, Desh Bandhu (Reg.) Gupta Road, Dev Nagar. 220 K, Krishnalllurty, PoSt Box 384 (Reg.) 258 New Book Depot, Latest Books, (Reg.) Periodicals Sty. P,B. 96, Connau- 221 P. Vardhacl!ary & Co" 8 Linghi (Reg.) ght Place. Chetty Street. 259 Oxford Book & Statiouery Co., Scin- (Reg. \ 222 O. Sitaraman& Co., 33, RQyapettah (Reg,) dia House. High Road. 260 Peoples Publishing House (P) Ltd., (Reg,) 223 M. Sachechalam & Co., 14 Banku- (Rest.) Rani Jhansi Road, uram Chetty Street. 261 Ram Krishna & Sons (of Lahore) (Reg.) 224 Madras Book Agency. (Rest.) 16/B, Oonnaught Place, 225 The Rex Trading Co. l' B. 5049,31 (Rest.) 262 R.K. Publishers, 23, Beitdonp!lra, (Reg.) & 32 James St. Karol Bagh. n6 Nav Bharat Agencies 18, Andiappa (Rest,) 263 Sharma 8Im., 17, !'lew Market, (Reg,) St. Sadhana Sadan. Moti Nagar. 227 Mohan Pathippagam & Book Depot, (Rest,) 264 The Secretary, Indian Met. Society, (Reg.) 3, pycrofts, Triplicane, Lodi Road.

228 Naresh Co, 3, Dr, Rangachari Road, (Rest.) 265 Suneja Book Centre, 24/90,Connau- (Reg~) Mylapore, ght Oircus. 229 Reliance Trading Go., 70/10, (Reg.) 266 United Book Agency, 3 I, Municipal (Reg.) Shambu Das St. Market, Oonnaught Oi~cu,. MANGALORE • 230 U,R, Shaneye Sons, Car Street, (Reg.) 267 Hindi Book House, 82, Janpath (Reg.) P. Box. 128. 268 LakshmiBook Depot, 57, Ragarpura, (Rest.) 231 K.Bhoga Rao & 00., KodialBail (Res!.) Karol Bagh. MEERUT . 232 Loyal Book Depot, Ohhipi Tank (Reg.) 269 N,C. Kaunchal & 00., 40, Model (Rest.) Bo,ti,P, O. Karol 8agh, New 233 Prakash Educational Stom, Subhash (Reg.) Delhi-5 Bazar. 270 Ravindra Book Agency,4D/50, Dou- (Reg,) ble Storey, Lajpat Nagar. MUZAFFARNAGAR • 234 B,S. Jain & 00.,71 Abupura , (Reg.) 271 Sant Ram Booksellers,16, New (Rest.) 235 Ga'gya & Co , '39, C. New Market (Rest.) Municipal Market Lodi Colony.

MtJZAFFERPVR. 236 Scienti~c & Educational Supply (Rest.) 272 Subha, Book Depot, Shop No. Ill, (Rest.) SyndIcate' Central Market, Srinivaspuri.

MfSORE 237 H. Vankataramiah & Sous, Krishna. (Reg.) 273 The Seey. Federation of Association (Re,t.) 'agendra Circle of Small Industry onndia, 23-B/2, Rohtak Road. 238 People Book House, OPP . .lagan (Reg.) Moha Palace 274 Glob Publications, Q.33-Nizamudin (Rest,) 239 Geeta Book House, New State Oircle (Reg.) East. 240 Indian Mercantile Corpn. Ramvilas (Rest.) 275 Standard Booksellers & Stationers, (Re.t.) Palam Enchve. l!dANDSAVR 241 Nahta Bros, Booksellers & Stationers (Rest,) 276 Scientific Instrumentl St~r.s, A·~;'5, (Rest,) MUSSOUR( 242 Hind Traders, N,A,A. Centre, Dick (Res!.) New Rajender Nagar. Road. 277 Shyam Pustak Bhandar, 38 I 9, Arya (Rest.) NAG PUR 443 Western Book Depot, Residency Road (Reg.) Samaj Road, 244 The Executive Secretary, Mineral (Rest.) PATIALA 278 Jain & Co., 17 Shah Nashin Razar (Reg.) Industry Association Mineral House, Near All India Radio 279 Luxmi Trading 00., Padri Ki Ha· (Reg.) Square. PATNA veli. 280 J.N.P. Agarwal & Co., Padrai Ki (Reg.) NtLGlRIS • 245 Mary Martin Booksellers, Kotagir (Rest.) Haveli. Tamil Nadu. 281 Moti Lal Banarsi Dass & 00., Padri (Reg.) N·AlNITAL. 246 Oonsal Book Depot, Bara Bazar (Reg.) KiHaveli.

~ADlAD 247 R.S, Desai, Station Road (Rest.) 282 Today & Tomorrow, Ashok Raj. (Rest.) path. NEW DELHI 248 Amr;t Book 00" Connaught Circus (Reg.) rOONA 283 Deccan Book Stall, Deccan Gym. (Reg.) khan... 249 Aapki Dukan, 5/5777,Dev Nagar. (Reg.) 250 Bh.wani & Sons, 8-F, Oonnaught 284 Imperial Book Depot, 266, M.G. (Reg.) plaoe. (Reg.) Road.

251 Central ~ews Ag"Itey, 23/90, Canna. (Reg.) 285 Sarswat 67, Patel Flats, 2 Bombay (Rest.) ught Circus. Poona Road, (vii)

Station Serial Name of Ibe Party Cate. Station Serial Name of the Parly Cale. No. of No. of Agent. Agenla

2 3 4 2 4 POONA 2B6 International Book Service, Deccan (Reg.) TRiVANDRUM 305 International Book Depot Main Road (Reg.) Ghym khana. 306 Reddiar Press & Book Depot, P.B. (Rest.) 287 Raka Book Agency. Opp. Natu', (Reg.) No.4. Chawl, N"'I, Appa llalwant Chowk. 307 JYQti Prakashan Bhawan, 'fe"pur, (Rest., 288 Seey. Bharati ltihasa Samshodhana (Rest.) M.sam. Mandir, 132~I, Sadashiv Path. UDAIPUR 308 Book Centre, Mah.rona Bhopai (Rest.) PO~ICHERRY 289 Honesty Book House, 9 Rue Duplix (Rest.) College Consumer, Co.· Op. Soci· ety Ltd,. PUDUKOTTAI 290 Meenakshi Pathippagam, 4142, (Rest.) East Main St. 309 Ashutosh & Co., Station Road, Opp. (Rest.) Universit~ of Udaipur. 291 Sh.P.SwaminathanShivam&Co., (Rest.) East Main Road. UJJAlN 310 Rami Bros., 41, Mallipura ,~ (Rest.) RA)KOT 292 Mohan Lal Dossbhai Shah Booksellers (Reg.) VARANASI 311 The Manager,BanarasHindu Un;', (Reg.) & Subs & Advt. Agent. versity Book Depot. RAIPUR 293 Pustak Pratisthan, Sati Bazar (Rest.) 312 ChoWkhamba Sanskri t Series Office, (Reg.) Gopal Mandir Lane, P.B. No. B." RANCHI 294 Crown Book Depot, Upper Bazar (Reg.) 313 Kohinoor Siores, University Road (Reg.) REWARI 295 Tika Ram Sing Lal (Rest.) Kank... SAUGAR 296 Yadav Book Stall, Publishers & (Rest.) 314 Viswavidhalaya Prakashan, Ii: 40/18 (Reg.) Booksellers. Bhairo Nath Marg. SB<:UNDERABAD 297 HindustanDiary Publishers,Market (Rest.) 315 Globe Book Centre, P.O. Hindu (R, ..t.) Street. Universit~. SIVAKASI 298 Ganesh Stores, South Car S reet (Rest.) VIZAGAPATNAM 316 Gupta Bros" Vizia Building (Reg.) SIMLA 299 Minerva Book Shop, The Mall (Reg.) 317 The Secretary, Andhra University (Relt.) General Co., Op. SIDres. SURAT 300 Shri Gajanan Pustakalaya, Tower (Reg.) Road. VELLORE. 318 A. Venkatasubban, Law Booksellets (Keg.)

301 Gujarat Subs. Agency, lawahar tal (Rest.) WARDHA 319 Swarajya Bhandar, Rathi Market. (Reg.) Nehru Marg, Athwa Lines.

TUTICORlN 302 Shri K. Thiagarajan,51, French (Rest.) FOR LOCAL SALE Chapa! Road. GOvt. of India KitabMahal, Janpath, Opp. India Coffee House, New Delh i T1RUCIIlRAPALLY 303 S. Krishnaswami & Co., 35, Sub. (Reg.) Phone No. 4456!. ~ . hash Chandra Bose Road. GoVt. of India Book Depot ,8, Hastings Street, Calcutta, Phone No. 23-3Hl3. 'l'R'iPURA 304 G.R. Dutta & Co., Scientific Equip. (Rest.) ments Suppliers. High Commissioner for India in London, India House, London, W.C.2. S;& R AGENts AS ON 31-3~7iJ

I. the "A.m. tiirettor, Extension Centre, Bhuli R~ad, Dh.nb.d. he Registrar of Trade Unions, Kiinpur. 2. The Asstt. 1>ireclor, Extension Centre, Santnagar, fIyderabad-18. .;6. Sooebna Sabitya Depot, (State Book Depot) Lucknow 3 •.The Ass\t. Director," GOyt. of IndiA, S.I_S. Ministry of C.&I. Extension ,17. Supdt. Bbupendra Slaie Press,Padala. denlre, Kapileshwar Road, Delgaum. 48. Supdt. Govt. Press &. Book Depot, Nagpur . ... The Asstt.,Director, Extension Centre, Krishna Distt.(A.I.) 49,' Supdt. COVI. Press, Mount Road, Madras. 5. The Asstt. Director, Footwear, ·Extension Centre, PoloGroundNo.l,Jodh­ pur. 50. Supelt. Govt. State, Store, and Pubs. P.O. Gulze~bagh, Patna. :6. tlie Asslt. Director, Industrial llAtension Centre, Nadiad (Guj.). 51. Supdt. Govt· Printing & Stationery Depot, Rajasthan, Jaipur City.

~, The Development Commissioner Small Scale Industries, Udyog Bhavan, 52. Supdt. GoYI. Prinling and Slalionery, Rajkol. New Delhi. 53. Sup1t. GOVI. Printing and Stationery, Punjab, Chandigarh. B.' The Dy. mrector Incharge S.I.S.I. C{~ Chief Civil Adow., Goa, pailjim. 54. Supdt. Govt. State Emporium, V.P. Rewa.

9. The Director, qovt. Pre5s, Hyderabad. 55. Dr. C,utrol!er, Printing & Stationery Ollice, Himachal'prade'h, Simla. 10. The DI,ectQr, I~aian Bureau of Mines, GOYt. of India, Ministry of Steel 56. Supelt. Printing and Stat ionelY, AIJ.h.b.d, Uttar Pradesh. Mines & Fllel, Nagpur. 57 .Supdt. Printing and Stationery, Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior. II. The Director, S.I.S.I. Industrial Extension Centre, Udhoa-Surat. 58. Supdt. Printing and Stationery, Charni Road, Bombay. 12. The Empl~yment Officer, Employment Exchange, Dhar, Madhya Pradelh 59. Supdt. State Govt. Press, Bhopal. 1S. The. Employment Ollicer, Employment Exchange, GopalBhal"an, Morena 60. The A"tt. DireotQr, P"blicity &. Information, Vidhan Sabha, Bang"lore_1. 14. The Employ~ent Ollker, Employment Exchange, Jhabue. 61. Sudpt. Govt. Pr~ss, Trivandrum. 15. tlie Head Cltrk, 'Go>t. Book Depot, Ahmedabad. 62. Asstt. Information Officer, Press Information Bureau, Information Centre 16. The' Head" Cl~rk, ,PhQIo~incographic Pie~s, 5, Finance Road, Poona. Srinagar•

17'. ,;rhe Offi.~"er.in,eh~rge Assam, Govt. B.D., Shilong. 63. Chief Controller of Imporls & Exports, Panjim, Goa.

I B. The, q. I(C., ~xt~nsion Centre, Club Ro<\d, Muzafferl'ur. 64. Employment Ollieer·Employment Exchange (near Bus Stop) Sidhi (M.P.) 19. The O. I/C, Extension Centre, Industrial Eatate, Kokar. 65. The Director, Regional Meteorological Centre, Alipur, Calcutta. 2 O. The O. I{C., State Infollllation Celltre, Hyderabad. 66. The Asslt. Direeior, S"lale Informatum Centre, Hubl;' 21:. The O. l/C .. S.LS.I. Exlension Cewe, M~lda. 67. The Director of Supplies and Disposal, Dept. of Supply, J 0, Mount Road, Madras-2. 22. The 0, I/O., S.I.S.1., Habra, Tabaluria, 24 Porgan.s. , , : 68. The Director General 0 f Supplies and Disposals,N.I.C. _BId!:., New Dellii, 23. The .0. I/O., Univel,jty Emplo~menl llureau, Lucknow. 69. The Controller of Import~ &. Exports, Ra,ikot. H. The O. I/C., S.LS.I. ChronlaJIning ExtensioD Centre, Tangra 33/1, North Topsia Road, Calcutta-46. 70. The Inspector, Dock Safety, MIL& E. Madra' Harbour, Madras-I.

25 The 0, I/C., S.1.S.I. Extension Centre (Footwear), Calcutta-2. 71. The Inspecting Autl. Commissioner of Income Tax, Kerala,T Ernakulatn. 72. the Under Secretary, Rajya Sabha Sectl" Parliament House, New Deli,;, 26. Tne O. I[C., S.I.s.r., Model Carpentry Worksboll, PUYaali Nagar, P.O' Burnipur, 24 Parganas. 7 3. Controller of Imports & Exports, 7, Portland Park, Visakhapatnam. Publication Division, Sales Depot, North Block, New Delhi. 27. 74. The Senior Inspector, Dock Safety,BotwaUa Chambers, Sir, M.P. ROAd, 28. The Press Officer, Oriss. Sectt. Cuttack. Bombay. 29. The Registrar of Companies, Andhra Bank Bldg., 6, Linghi Cbettv Sireet 75. Controller of Import. & Exports, I.B., 14-P, Pondicherry. P.B. 1530, Madras. 76. Dy, Director Incharge, $.I.S.I., Sabakar Bhavan, trikon Bagicha, R.jkot. 30. The Registrar of Companies, Assam, Manipur an~ Tripura, SbilJong. 77. The Publicity and Liai.on Officer, Forest Research Institute & Colleges, 31. The Registrar of Companies, Bihar Journa J Road, Patna· l- Near Fore.t, P.O. Dehradun. 32. The Regiltrar of Companies, 162, Brigade Roa!], Bangalore. 78. The Asstt. Controller of Imports and Exports, GOyt· of rudia, Ministry of Commerce, New Kandl•• 33. Tbe Regiltr.r of Companies, Everest, 100 Marine Drive, Bombay. 79. The Dy. Director GeDeral (S.D.) 6, Esplanade E""t, Calcutta. 34. The Regi~trar of Companies, Gujarat State Samachar Bldg. Ahmedabad. 80. The Director, Govt. of India, S. I. S. I. MInistry of 1. & S, Industrial "'rea, 35. The Regisrar ofCompanitl. Gwalior (M.P.) Ludhiana. 36. '!'he Registrar of Companies, H. No. 3·5-837, Hyder Guda, Hyderabad. 81.' The Govt. Epigraphist for India' ·n. The Regbtrar of Companies, Kerala, 70, Feet Road, Ernakulam. 82. The Assll. DirectQr, Illcharge, S.l.S.I. Extension Centre, Varansi. 38. 'The Registrar of Companies, M.G. Road, Wesl Cotto Bldg., P.B. 334 83. The Director of Supplies, Swarup Nagar, l{anpur. KanPur. 39. The Registrar of Companies, Narayani Bldg. Brabourne Road, Calcutta.. I • 84. The Asstt. Director (Admn). Office of the Director of Supplies & Disposal, Bombay 40. The Registrar wf (!ompanieo, Orissa, Cuttack Chandi, Cuttack. 85. The Chief Controller of Imports & Export., Ministry of Internaliooal 41. The Regilitrar uf CO~lPd'lics, Pondieberry, Trade, Madra•• 42. The Registrar of Companies, PWljab & Himachal Pradesh, Link Road, 86. The Dy. Collector of Customs, Custom House, Visa!

(viii) (ix)

90. The Director of Inspection" New Marine Lines, Bombay. I . 105. National Building Org., Nitmat\ Bhav,n, New Delhi. 91. The ny. Chief Controller of Import. & Exports, T.D. Road, Ernakulam· 106. The Controller of Communication, Bombay Region, Bombav. 92. The Asstt. Director, Govt. Stationery & Book Depot, Aurangabad. 10? The Kamatak University, Dharwar. 93. The Amt. Director IIC, S.I.S.I. Club Road, Hubli. lOB. The Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar. 94. The Employment Officer, Talcher. 109. The Principal Publications Officer sending commission for Scientific 95. The Directoraf Inspection, Dte G. & S, Disposal, I, Ganesh Chand" Technical, Terminology, UGC, Building, New DeIhL Avenue, Calcutta. 110. The Officer-in·Charge, Information Centre, Sawai Ram Singh Road, Jaipur. 96. The Collector of Customs New Custom House, Bombay. Ill. The Director General of Civil Aviation, New Delhi.

97. The Controller of Imports & Exports, Bangalore. liZ. Controlier of Aerodromes, Delhi. 98. The Admn. Officer, Tariff Commissioner, 101, Queen's Road, Bombay, 113. Controller of Aerodro:ne,,, Calcutta. 99. The Commissioner of Income Tax, Patiala. 114. Controller of Aerodromes, Bombay. 100. The Director, Ministry of I & Supply, (Dept. of Industry) Cuttack. 115. Controller of Aerodromes, Madras. 10!. The Dr. Director of Public Relations State Information Centre, Patna. 116. The Regi'trar, Punjab Agrl. Universit), Lunhi.na.

102. The Officer-in-Charge, State Information Centre, Madras. "7. The Land & Dwelopment Offi:er, M. of Health Family Planning, W. If, & u.n., Nirman Bhavan, New Dehi. 103. The As.tt. Director, S.I.S.I,M·I, Road, Jaipur. 118. Acting Secretary, Official Language (Leg.) Commission, Millis!rr of Law, 101. The Collector of C\lStoms, Madras. Bhagwan nass Road, New Delh i LIST OF OENSUS OFFICES

]. Registrar General, India, 2/A, Man,ingh Road, New DeIH-l1. 16. The Director of Cen,us Operations, Orissa, Chandni Chouk, Coltack-I.

2. Tbe DiT.etar af Cons,,, Operatioos, Anullt. Pradesh, KhIl.11> Manti!; Hyder-: 17. The Director of Census Operations, Punjab,No. 72, Sector·5, Chandigarh ablld-4.' _ , 18. The Director of Census Operations, Rajastan, Rambag, Palace, Iaipur, 1. r ,_ I):"ctor of em',; O,,"atio3s, A'S. n, B) n'yJe ROl(!, ShillonS-1. 19. The Director of ·Census Operations, Tamil Nadu, 10, Poes Garden! 'Madra5- 't. The Director of Census Operations, Bihar, Boring Canal Roa~, Patna. 86.

5. The Director of Cen'u, Operations, Gujarat, Ellis Bringe, Ahmed.b,.d-6., 20. The Director of Census Operations J Tripura, Durga Bad West Compound Agartala. 6. The Director of Census Ollerations, Haryana, Kothi, No. I, Sector IO-A, Chandigarh. ' 21. The Director of Census Operation", Uttar Pradesh, 6-Park Road,Luck. noW. 7. The Dire"tor of Census Operations, Himachal Pradesb, Boswel, Simla'S, 22- The Director.f Census Op~rations, West Bengal, 20, British Indian'Sireet, 8. Tne Director ofCenSlis Operations, Jammu & Kashmir, 19 Karan Nagar' Calcutta-1. Srinag~'. 23. Tho Director of Census Operations, And.",an and Nicobar Islands, Port 9. The Director of Census Operations, Kera1a, Kowdiar Avenue Road, Trivan .. Blair. . ' <;Irum-S. 24. The Director ofCen'us Operations, Arunochal Pradesh, Laithumkhra1J,Shi_ 10. The D;rector of CensuS O~era'io ,s, Madhya pradesh, Civil Lines, Bhopal-2 llong. (M.P.) 25. The D,rector of Cen1J< Op".tio:l<, Ghandigarb., Kothi No' 1Q12 Sector B-C, Chand igarh. 1 1. The Director of Census Operations, MahMashtra, Sprott Road, Bombay- I (BR). 26. The Director of Census Operations, Dadr. and Nagar Haveli,Panaji.

12. The Director of Census Operations, Manipur, Imphal. 27. The Director of CenSUS Operations, Delhi, 2, Under Hill Road, Delhi-6. 13. The Director of (1e.1'"' operations, Me;halaya, Nangri l1ills, Shillong-3, 28. The Di rector ofC,_1S,lS 0p,,'tions, Goa, Daman & Diu, Dr. A. Bork.r Road, Panaji. 1.1. The Director of Ceo!lus : )peration5, Mysorc,Basappa Cross Road, Shall! i 29. The Director of Census Operations,L.M. & A. Islands, Ka"arattj. Nagar, Bargalore~ I. 15. The Directcr of Census Operalions, Nagalanrl, Kohima, 10. The Director of CenSus Operations, PQndiclwry, MadraS,

(x) GIPN-$3..,..1 CenSUS Andhra/73-24-6-H-500.