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Sexual and Ontogenetic Morphometric Variation in Xiphopenaeus Kroyeri (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae): a New Approach with Linear and Angular Morphometric Data

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Sexual and Ontogenetic Morphometric Variation in Xiphopenaeus Kroyeri (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae): a New Approach with Linear and Angular Morphometric Data Invertebrate Reproduction & Development ISSN: 0792-4259 (Print) 2157-0272 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tinv20 Sexual and ontogenetic morphometric variation in Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae): a new approach with linear and angular morphometric data S. A. S. N. Moraes, C. E. R. D. Alencar, A. Fransozo, R. C. Costa, A. L. Castilho & F. A. M. Freire To cite this article: S. A. S. N. Moraes, C. E. R. D. Alencar, A. Fransozo, R. C. Costa, A. L. Castilho & F. A. M. Freire (2018) Sexual and ontogenetic morphometric variation in Xiphopenaeuskroyeri (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae): a new approach with linear and angular morphometric data, Invertebrate Reproduction & Development, 62:3, 143-153, DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2018.1461691 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2018.1461691 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa Published online: 23 Apr 2018. UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Submit your article to this journal Article views: 508 View Crossmark data Citing articles: 1 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tinv20 INVERTEBRATE REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT 2018, VOL. 62, NO. 3, 143-153 https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2018.1461691 OPEN ACCESS Sexual and ontogenetic morphometric variation in Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae): a new approach with linear and angular morphometric data S. A. S. N. Moraesa , C. E. R. D. Alencara,d, A. Fransozob, R. C. Costac , A. L. Castilhob and F. A. M. Freirea aGrupo de Estudos em Ecologia e Fisiologia de Animais Aquáticos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brasil; bNúcleo de Estudos em Biologia, Ecologia e Cultura de Crustáceos, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, Brasil; cLaboratório de Biologia de Camarões Marinhos e de Água Doce, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, Brasil; dInstituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brasil ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The present study evaluates the ontogenetic/sexual morphometric variation in Xiphopenaeus kroyeri. Received 9 February 2018 Sampling was from July 2001 to June 2003 at Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. Animals were sexed and Accepted 29 March 2018 measured (cephalothorax length-CC, partial of the rostral spine-CPR, rostral spine-CR and rostral spine KEYWORDS angulation-AR). Data analysis included linear morphometric analysis: equation ln y = ln a + ln b (sex/ Multivariate morphometry; ontogeny fitting), k-means method (ontogenetic classification), analysis of covariance (morphological Atlantic seabob; von Mises maturity), removal of the allometric effect, verification of parametricity and collinearity, principal distribution; rostral spine component (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (visualization of tendencies), permutational angulation multivariate analysis of variance (hypothesis test). In addition, circular analysis was undertaken: circular normal distribution and concentration parameter, circular analysis of variance (hypothesis test), PCA (observe tendencies) and linear-circular regression (ontogenetic trajectory, RA-dependent variable, CL-independent variable). Morphological changes in the cephalothorax, in the adult stage, may be related to the increase in size of the gonads during sexual maturation and to the development of gills during the transition from arthrobranch (juvenile) to dendrobranch (adult). The rostral spine, in the adult stage, tends to become more elongated and more sharply angled. This feature may be related to predation pressure on larger specimens (adults), knowing that throughout its ontogeny the rostral spine of this species assumes phenotypic traits that make swallowing more difficult for predators. Introduction growth, the correlation between body dimensions, com- paring ontogenetic stages, genders or species, and their Ontogeny in crustaceans is marked by morphological eco-evolutionary implications (Hartnoll 1978). Another way changes caused by differentiated growth of certain tag- is to study variation of shape, as well as their covariance mata, resulting in the appearance of secondary characters with other variables (e. g. population cohort, sex, ontoge- with the passage from the juvenile to adult stage (Hartnoll netic stages and environmental characteristics), called mor- 1978). Some secondary sexual characters are evident phometry (Oxnard 1978; Bookstein 1991; Konan et al. 2010). owing to the differentiated ontogeny for the sexes, such The rostral spine, for example, is a morphological structure as the presence of a thelycum (found ventrally at the base that is changeable in length (Jayachandran et al. 1996; Kapiris between the fourth and fifth pair of pereiopods of female and Thessalou-Legaki 2001; Kapiris 2005; May-Kú et al. 2006), shrimps) and petasma (copulatory appendage attached to shape, and angulation during ontogenetic development the first pair of pleopods in male shrimps), in the suborder and the spine is also sexually dimorphic (Dall et al. 1990; Lins Dendrobranchiata Spence Bate, 1888 (Pérez-Farfante 1969; Oliveira 1991). Personal observations (S. Moreas) in studies of Dall et al. 1990). Moreover, these shrimps have marked size Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) suggest that this structure sexual dimorphism, with males tending to be smaller than is fairly variable in both juveniles and adults of both sexes. females (Gulland and Rothschild 1981). The Atlantic seabob, X. kroyeri, is a species of penaeid Other characters, can be subtle, requiring quantitative shrimp very common on sand and mud in shallow tropical analyses. One way to analyse quantitatively is relative CONTACT S. A. S. N. Moraes [email protected] © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. 144 S. A. S. N. MORAES ET AL. Figure 1. Sampling location in the Southeastern coast of Brazil. Ubatuba and Caraguatatuba. Sampling occurred at depths of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 m. (Source: Paulo Victor do Nascimento Araújo). and subtropical Atlantic coastal regions. It has a wide dis- in the angulation of the rostral spine in the ontogenetic tributional range, from Rio Grande do Sul – Brazil (32° variation of a species. 39′S and 52° 20′W) to Virginia – USA (36° 54′N and 75° 43 W) (D’Incao 1999; Costa et al. 2003), and is the third ′ Materials and methods most important fishing resource of the coast of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It is considered an important resource Study area and data sampling in artisanal fishing along the Brazilian coast (Branco 2005; Xiphopenaeus kroyeri were collected in the region of Costa et al. 2007; Dias-Neto 2011; Thomé-Souza et al. Ubatuba, northern coast of Brazilian state of São Paulo 2014). Morphological differences that determine cohorts, (23° and 25° South latitude and 45° and 48° West longi- ontogenetic stages and sexual dimorphism in a population tude – Figure 1), in depths varying between 5 and 35 m. may be relevant information to support future studies on a Sampling was undertaken between July 2001 and June taxon (Swain and Foote 1999; Turan et al. 2006; Konan et al. 2003 using a commercial fishing boat equipped with dou- 2008, 2010). For example, morphometric studies on prawns ble rig trawling nets (Bertini et al. 2004; Castro et al. 2005). and shrimps have revealed populational variations (García- A total of 487 specimens were obtained, 247 males (71 Dávila et al. 2005; Konan et al. 2008, 2010), morphotypes juveniles and 176 adults) and 240 females (107 juveniles (Rojas et al. 2012), growth information (Jayachandran et and 133 adults) (Table 1). All specimens were considered al. 1996; Kapiris 2005; Campos et al. 2011; Reis et al. 2017; for analyses, except injured ones that were discarded. Da Silva et al. 2018), taxonomic differentiation (May-Kú The specimens were bagged, labelled, frozen and trans- et al. 2006), allometric differences between fishery stocks, ported to the laboratory. They were then thawed and fixed (Paramo and Saint-Paul 2010; Barbosa-Saldaña et al. 2012), in 10% formalin and then kept in 70% alcohol for identifi- ontogenetic variations (Chow and Sandifer 1991), sexual cation (sexing) and measurement. Then, the shrimps were dimorphism (Kapiris and Thessalou-Legaki 2001; Accioly identified and sexed, by noticing, in males, the presence et al. 2013), and shape variations between fishery stocks of petasma (male sexual structure present on the first pair (Bissaro and Gomes-Jr 2012) and populations (Gusmão of pleopods) and in females, the presence of a thelycum et al. 2013). (female sexual structure), according to Pérez-Farfante and The objective of this study is to evaluate ontogenetic Kensley (1997). morphological variations of X. kroyeri from the south-east- To evaluate the ontogenetic and sexual morphomet- ern Brazilian coast through multivariate statistical tech- ric variations, a multivariate set was made (Figure 2) from niques, making use of traditional morphometry including the following measurements: cephalothorax length (CL – procedures of relative growth referring
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