The American Legion Magazine

THE AMERICAN

DECEMBER 1975 Volume 99, Number 6 National Commander LEGION Harry G. Wiles MAGAZINE DECEMBER 1975 CHANGE OF ADDRESS Subscribers, please notify Circulation Dept., P. O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 using Form 3578 which is available at your local post office. Attach old address label and give old and new addresses with ZIP Code Table of Contents number and current membership card number. Also, notify your Post Adjutant or other officer charged with such responsibil ities.

NATIONAL COMMANDER'S MESSAGE 3 The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices Commander Harry Wiles surveys the perimeter of Red China from 1345 Avenue of the Americas vantage points in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea, New York, New York 10019 Japan and the Philippines. Publisher, James F. O'Neil Editor Raymond J. McHugh Assistant to Publisher John Andreola YOU CAN USE THE SUN TO HEAT YOUR HOME—NOW. . 6 Art Editor Private enterprise surprises government planners and develops a Walter H. Boll backyard auxiliary solar furnace that cuts fuel bills 80%. Assistant Editor James S. Swartz Associate Editor Roy Miller SHOULD LABOR UNIONS BE SUBJECT TO Production Manager U.S. ANTITRUST LAWS? 10 Art Bretzfield Two Sides Of A National Question Copy Editor Grail S. Hanford pro: SEN. STROM THURMOND (R-S.C.) Editorial Specialist con: REP. FRANK THOMPSON, JR. (D-N.J.) Irene Chris todoulou Circulation Manager Dean B. Nelson ANDREW CARNEGIE AND HIS MILLIONS 12 Indianapolis, Ind. BICENTENNIAL FEATURE Advertising Sales A Robert Redden Associates, Inc. BY LYNWOOD MARK RHODES P. O. Box 999 not-so-dour emigrated to Pennsylvania, discovered Teaneck, NJ. 07666 A Scotsman 201-837-5511 that he could make steel and money in tremendous quantities and shared both with the nation. The American Legion Magazine Commission

Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, Conn. CAN WE AFFORD A FREE PRESS? 18 ( Chairman) : Mil ford A. Forrester, Green- ville, S.C. (Vice Chairman) ; James R. Kel-

ley , Radnor, Pa. (National Commander's Associate Justice Potter Stewart of the Supreme Court answers a Representative) ; Billy Anderson, Miami, Fla.;

nagging national question with a resounding affirmative. Lang Armstrong, Spokane, Wash. ; Norman Biebel, Belleville, III.; Adolph Bremer,

tt inona, Minn. ; B. C. Connelly, // anting-

ton, W . V a. ; Andrew J. Cooper, Gulf JUST OFF THE HIGHWAY: ST. MARY'S, GA., Shores, Ala.; Raymond Fields, Oklahoma City, Okla.; Chris Hernandez, Savannah, Ga.; AND CUMBERLAND ISLAND 22 James V. Kissner, Palatine, III.; Russell H. BY HARRIET HEDGECOTH Laird. Des Moines, Iowa; Henry S. Lemay, Lancaster, Ohio ; Loyd McDermott, Benton, Ninth in a series on places to visit that aren't far from Ark.; Morris Meyer, Starkville, Miss.; J. H. turnpikes and freeways. Morris, Baton Rouge, La.; Robert F. Mur- phy, Chelmsford, Mass. ; Robert A. Okeson,

Diamond Bar, Cal. ; Floyd J. Rogers, To-

peka, Kans. ; Harry H. Schaffer, Pittsburgh, 24 Pa.; Wayne L. Talbert, Delphi, Ind.; Frank MUTED BUGLE SOUNDS THE 1976 DRAFT CALL C. Love, Syracuse, N. Y . (Consul tan t) , Ed- Selective Service System unveils plan for one-day draft registra- ward McSweeney, New York, N.Y. (Con- sultant). tion in 1976 with Legion Posts participating. The American Legion Magazine is owned and published monthly by The American Legion. Copyright 1975 by The American Legion. Second class postage paid at Indianapolis, Ind., 46204 and additional mailing offices.

Departments Price : single copy, 20 cents ; yeariy subscription, $2.00. Direct inquiries regarding circulation to: Circulation Department, P. O. NOTES ON OUR DESK 2 VETERANS NEWSLETTER 28 Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206.

DATELINE WASHINGTON .21 NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION . 29 Send editorial and advertising material to: PERSONAL 23 LEGION SHOPPER 47 The American Legion Magazine. 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019. LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS 27 PARTING SHOTS 48 NON'-MEMIiER SUBSCRIPTIONS Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-ad- Send name and address, including ZIP dressed, stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. number, with $2 check or money order to Circulation Dept., P.O. liox 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206.

,f "ndeliverable, please of current is- POSITIVT A fiJTTTl? • send Form 3579 to: Microfilm copies and back r 1 1T1.MO 1 XU1\ . p. o. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. sues of The American Legion Magazine

are available through : University Micro- films. 300 N. Zeeb Rd., Ann Arbor, Mich. 48106.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 .

Notes on OUR DESK

"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it." The words of the philosopher San- tayana express well the continuing reappraisal of Vietnam and the American tragedy in Southeast Asia. These winter evenings in Ameri- can Legion posts, military quarters, the power centers of Washington and New York, community forums and on the sprouting 1976 political plat- forms, any appraisal of U.S. economic and social difficulties turns inevitably to the trauma of Vietnam. Some take solace in the resettle- ment of thousands of South Vietna- mese refugee families in the United States; some cry "good riddance" and urge a general American retreat from the world arena; some preach Chamberlain-like appeasement of communism and other more localized radical movements. How should we assess Vietnam? R°bert B. Pitkin, right, retiring editor of The American Legion Mag- WpIJ LyuntiDnriP By what yardstick do we measure - azine, accepts plaque from Publisher James F. O'Neil during recent the disaster? How do we ignore the National Executive Committee meeting in Indianapolis. Plaque noted Pitkin's 30 bitter years of distinguished service to the Legion and its magazine. coincidence that defeat has visited us just on the threshold of the nation's 200th anniversary? all A distinguished past national com- Enjoy cold mander of The American Legion who is also a distinguished military weather sports! officer—Maj. Gen. Robert E.L. Eaton, USAF, Ret.—offered some answers KEEP WARM! at the 1975 Department of Mary- land Legion convention. We share excerpts from his address: "Americans today face a great sadness. We have suffered a defeat in Southeast Asia—the first in the history of our Country. In this war, we lost our will to fight. Von Clause- witz and all the other military theo- reticians tell us that losing the will to fight is the certain mark of defeat. The trauma which we are just beginning to feel will stretch into the

future. . . . "We hear much these days about avoiding recrimination. I think many who would like us to avoid recrim- Get more fun ination are the same ones who had out of your favorite a major role in contributing to our

cold weather sport! Slip defeat. . . Jon-E Warmers. Available in Giant size, Jon-E Warmers in your pockets or Standard size and Jon-E Twin-Pac. "I think we must assess all who Odorless! Get long in a Jon-E Body Belt . . . These personal "pocket Jon-E Fluid. It's participated. along with your heat, lasting Jon-E Fluid radiators" provide safe-flameless keeping Jon-E Warmer. 8 or 16 oz. cans. "Let's begin first with the mili- you warm and comfortable ... all over ... all day tary. I visited Saigon in February on only one filling of Jon-E Fluid. So at work or 1968 at the time of the famous Tet play beat the cold this year . . . take Jon-E along! Offensive. I saw our military people in action at all levels. I talked to General Westmoreland and many Be sure it's a genuine American Made. At ALADDIN LABORATORIES, INC. others. I must agree with those who sptg. goods & hdwe. couWers everywhere. 6Z0 So. 8th St., Mpls. MN. 55404 (Continued on page

2 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 The Commander's Message U.S. Presence Vital in Asia

curious Asian big power triangle balances pre- venture that would threaten the peace of the world. A cariously on the Korean peninsula in the wake In this climate of nervous tension, I was proud to be of the Communist conquest of Southeast Asia. national commander of an organization that has con- Contrary to their propaganda broadsides, both the sistently called for strong, modern American military Soviet Union and Communist China appear anxious forces capable of pursuing the nation's interests any- that the United States maintain a meaningful and con- where in the world. I was proud, too, that the American spicuous military presence in the western Pacific. Legion just recently reaffirmed its support of American This is an inescapable conclusion after a 19-day trip commitments to the Republic of Korea, Japan, Taiwan to the Far East that took me to Guam, the Philippines, and our other friends on the perimeter of Asia. Taiwan, Hong Kong, the Republic of Korea and Japan. Indochina has been lost, but in the months that have In country after country, in conversations with Amer- followed the tragedies of Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos, ican military men and diplomats and with Asian offi- there has emerged a new appreciation of the American cials and ordinary citizens, the arguments are repeated. role in the Far East. Throughout the arc that swings As men on the perimeter of Communist China see it, from Hong Kong to Seoul there is a keen awareness Moscow and Peking are both maneuvering to avoid any that without conspicuous U.S. power there can be no incident or confrontation that might force one or the stability, no real hope for a future. other to make overt military moves. The presence of There were no "Yankee Go Home" signs along my American power in Korea, in Japan, the Philippines and itinerary. Even in the Philippines, where President Mar- the Marianas heightens Communist caution. cos has made some public statements that have been But these same men also agree that Kim Il-Sung, the interpreted as anti-American, men close to Marcos bellicose premier of Communist North Korea, could sought to assure me that such statements are based on upset the fragile balance. A sudden North Korean at- domestic and Asian political situations and do not rep- tack on South Korea would immediately involve the resent Marcos' real feelings. American forces guarding the demilitarized zone be- In Seoul and Taipei, the official attitude is almost a tween the two states. Just as quickly, it would force plea. For those people an American retreat would be Moscow's and Peking's hands. an immediate catastrophe. The Asia-watchers with whom I spoke see few op- This is not to say that there should be no changes tions in such a situation. Neither Moscow nor Peking in the U.S. military posture in the Far East. It is ob- could afford to see the other gain ascendancy in the vious that American power is shifting toward Guam Asian Communist world, nor could either allow Kim to and the Marianas. New weapons, ships and planes are be driven northward by American-South Korean arms. bringing changes in strategy. We have highly compe- From the American standpoint, a North Korean tent Navy, Army and Air Force leaders who are adjust- conquest of South Korea is equally unacceptable. Com- ing quickly and decisively to post-Vietnam realities. munist control of the strategic peninsula would consti- But despite Vietnam, one reality remains constant: tute a dagger pointed at the heart of Japan, America's the United States has a major stake in the Far East No. 1 trading partner and the anchor of its power and and the western Pacific. It cannot be ignored. prestige in Asia and the western Pacific. I saw it reflected in the cold hatred of a Communist Why then is the balance so precarious? Why is there North Korean guard at Panmunjom who glared at me continuing concern about a new Korean conflict? from only 30 feet away. I saw it reflected in our national cemeteries The answers center on the personality of Kim Il-Sung. at Manila and Honolulu and in a native Fili- pino cemetery reserved for men who had died fighting He is described often as a man obsessed with the idea alongside of reunifying Korea under his Communist banner. He American troops in World War II. I saw it reflected in the bustling streets of Tokyo, the American is growing old. His health is reported to be failing. military bases in Japan, Korea and Guam and in the Immediately after the fall of South Vietnam, Kim eyes of worried men in Taipei and Seoul and Manila. traveled to Peking and then to Moscow. It is reported We are on the right track, comrades. Our resolutions that he sought the support of the Communist giants and mandates strengthen the hopes for peace and free- for an attack southward. He was rebuffed by both the dom around the rim of Asia. Russians and the Chinese. But this does not mean he Let's stick by them! was dissuaded. His own economy and society are in a shambles. His grandiose social schemes have collapsed. He rules with increasing severity. The combination of his problems and his ego, many experts fear, could convince him that he has "nothing to lose" in a wild ad-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 LEGION LIFE LIMIT

THE OFFICIAL Legionnaires may now apply AMERICAN LEGION LIFE INSURANCE PLAN offeredthrough The American

Thanks to the National Executive Committee's recent budget. There is no finer way to protect and remember decision to raise the limits of the Legion Life Insurance those you love. Plan to six full units, Legionnaires under age 30, who WHO IS ELIGIBLE were eligible for $40,000 protection before, can now Every Legionnaire in good standing, under the age of 70 apply for up to a total of $60,000 in Legion Life Benefits. and able to meet the underwriting requirements of the This means, you can get the big-money protection company can enroll for up to six full units. A LEGION- you need today. With six full units of coverage, you can NAIRE WHO ALREADY OWNS ONE UNIT MAY ENROLL now help your loved ones have the financial security FOR UP TO FIVE ADDITIONAL UNITS. premium they need should anything happen to you prematurely. (1976 TO START YOUR NEW PROTECTION must be paid before applying for any additional cov- YOU SHOULD MAIL ENROLLMENT FORM NOW! erage.) Fill out the enrollment form and mail today. SEND NO MONEY, WE WILL BILL YOU LATER Your new benefits will be effective the first day of the The amount of your first year's month coinciding with or next following the day your premium depends on when your enrollment is received by the Administrator enrollment form is approved by the insurance company and the number of units you select. Your initial prem- and your first premium is paid. That's why it's important ium is prorated at the rate of per to mail your enrollment for these bigger Legion Life $2 month per unit to provide insurance coverage benefits right away. through December 31st. COST PER UNIT REMAINS $24.00 A YEAR While you're insured you will receive a renewal notice well in advance of the January 1st annual renewal date. Of course, the most important news is that your cost per The timely payment of your renewal premium will unit is still $24.00 a year. Where else can you get this ensure the continuation of protection without interrup- important extra protection for $24.00 per unit per year? tion. LEGION LIFE ALWAYS PAYS IN ADDITION BENEFITS NOW LAST A LIFETIME

Remember, your American Legion Life Insurance Plan Your American Legion Life Insurance Plan gives long pays in addition to any other life insurance benefits; it is lasting security for those you love. There is no finer gift not meant to replace any existing coverage you have. It you can give anytime than Freedom from Want. Apply simply gives you extra protection without straining your today. HERE IS YOUR NEW BENEFIT SCHEDULE Annual Renewable Term Insurance (Policy Form GPC-5700-374) Benefit determined by age at death. Maximum coverage under this Plan is limited to 6 Units.

6 UNITS 5 UNITS 4 UNITS 3 UNITS 2 UNITS 1 UNIT Age at Death (Total Coverage (Total Coverage (Total Coverage (Total Coverage (Total Coverage (Total Coverage During 1976) During 1976) During 1976) During 1976) During 1976) During 1976) Through age 29 $60,000 $50,000 $40,000 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 30-34 48,000 40,000 32,000 24,000 16,000 8,000 35-44 27,000 22,500 18,000 13,500 9,000 4,500

45-54 13,200 1 1 ,000 8,800 6,600 4,400 2,200 55-59 7,200 6,000 4,800 3,600 2,400 1,200 60-64 4,800 4,000 3,200 2,400 1,600 800 65-69 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 70-74 1,980 1,650 1,320 990 660 330 75-Over 1,500 1,250 1,000 750 ' 500 250 Annual Premium $144 $120 $96 $72 $48 $24

DEATH BENEFIT: When an insured Legionnaire dies, the beneficiary receives a lump sum payment once proof of death is received by the Insurance Company.

EXCLUSIONS: No benefit is payable for death as a result of war or any act of war, if death occurs while serving, or within six months after termination of service, in the military, naval or air forces of any country or combination of countries.

INCONTESTABILITY: Your coverage shall be incontestable after it has been in force during your lifetime for two years from its effective date. EFFECTIVE DATE. Insurance becomes effective on the first day of the month coinciding with or next following the day the enrollment is approved subject to payment of the first premium. Insurance may be maintained in force by payment of premiums when due.

4 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 -

RAISED TO 6 UNITS for bigger benefits Legion Life Insurance Plan

HOW TO ENROLL IN THE AMERICAN LEGION LIFE INSURANCE PLAN

1. Type or print all information on 2. IF YOU LIVE in FL., IL, N.J., N.Y., 3. Mail enrollment to: enrollment form below. Be sure to N:C. O., PA., P.R., TX., or Wl., send The American Legion Life answer all questions and indicate the for special enrollment card. Applica- Insurance Plan number of units desired by checking tions and benefits vary slightly in P.O. Box 5609 the appropriate box. some areas. Chicago, Illinois 60680

NOTICE OF DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION ENROLLMENT CARD FOR YEARLY RENEWABLE TERM LIFE INSURANCE FOR MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION

Information regarding your Full Name -Birth Date- insurability will be treated as Last First Middle Mo. Day Year confidential except that Occi- Permanent Residence- dental Life Insurance Company Street No. City State Zip of California may make a brief Name of Beneficiary -Relationship- report to the Medical Informa- Example: Print "Helen Louise Jones," Not "Mrs. H. L. Jones" mation Bureau (M.I.B.), a nonprofit membership organization Membership Card No. Year— Post No. State- life of insurance companies I apply for the amount of insurance indicated below, (check appropriate box or boxes). which operates an information 6 Units 5 Units 4 Units 3 Units 2 Units 1 Unit Vz Unit exchange on behalf of its members. Upon request by another The following representations shall form a basis for the Insurance Company's approval or rejection of this member insurance company to enrollment: Answer all questions. which you have applied for life or health insurance, or to which 1. Present occupation? Are you now actively working? a claim is submitted, the M.I.B. Yes No If No, give reason will supply such company with 2. Have you been confined in a hospital within the last year? No Yes If Yes, give date, length the information it may have in of stay and cause its files. 3. During the last five years, have you ever had heart disease, circulatory disease, kidney disease, liver Occidental may also release disease, lung disease, diabetes, or cancer, or have you received treatment or medication for high blood file its re- information in its to pressure or alcoholism? No Yes If yes, give details insurers and to other life insurance companies to which you I represent that, to the best of my knowledge, all statements and answers recorded on this enrollment card may apply for life or health in- are true and complete. I agree that this enrollment card shall be a part of any insurance granted upon it surance, or to which a claim is under the policy. I authorize any physician or other person who has attended or examined me, or who may submitted. attend or examine me, to disclose or to testify to any knowledge thus acquired. Upon receipt of a request from Signature of you, the M.I.B. will arrange dis- 19 Dated , Applicant closure of any information it GMA-300-19 10-70 (Univ.) I 275 may have in your file. Medical The American Legion offers this insurance through Occidental Life Insurance Company of California. Home Office: Los Angeles information will only be dis- ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND AUTHORIZATION closed to your attending physi-

I have received and read the Notice of Disclosure of Information at left. Further, I authorize any cian. If you question the ac- practitioner, hospital, clinic, or other medical or medically related facility, in- curacy of information in the physician, medical Bureau's file you may seek cor- surance company, the Medical Information Bureau or other organization, institution or person having rection in accordance with the any records or knowledge of me or of my health to give Occidental Life Insurance Company of procedures set forth in the Fed- California any such information. eral Fair Credit Reporting Act. A photographic copy of this authorization shall be as valid as the original. The address of the Bureau's in-

19 Signature of Applicant • formation office is P.O. Box 105, Dated ,

Life certificate is . Essex Station, Boston, Mass. I apply for additional Legion Insurance. My present number 02112; Phone (617) 426-3660.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 An 8-ft.-by-12-ft. A-frame solar furnace (foreground) provides most of the heat required for this Greenville, Pa., home.

try. Indeed, federal energy officials A reality now, some 1 0 years before its time, the solar warn that identified domestic natural furnace is welcome as we shop for energy alternatives. gas supplies could be exhausted by the mid-1980s. Industrial use of gas is already being discouraged and Tast winter it cost Ed Gearhart Maryland are incorporating solar there are threats of "rationing" this $700 to heat his all-electric furnaces in their projects. winter. Each threat increases supply home at Greenville, Penn. This win- Like a premature baby, or an actor and price pressures on electricity and ter he expects to spend $70 to $170, stepping on stage in advance of his oil. depending on how cold it gets in his cue, commercial solar energy has The first units on the solar market northwest Pennsylvania community. thrust itself unexpectedly into the are basic in design. Their inventors Ed is a contractor; he is also a national energy debate. It wasn't sup- expect dramatic improvements and pioneer. posed to be here for at least another refinements as the White House He has a solar furnace. ten years, but it's welcome. pushes its $100 billion public-private No, he didn't build it; he bought it. It cost Gearhart about $6,000 to research and development plan that He's one of the first customers in a install his auxiliary furnace. If his seeks to make America "energy new industry that could challenge calculations are correct it could pay independent" by 1985. The federal the power giants of the twentieth for itself in ten years—less if con- Environmental Research and De- century. By winter's end an esti- ventional fuel bills continue to velopment Administration (ERDA) mated 25 neighbors in the Greenville climb. Thereafter, far more than half has already earmarked $100 million area will be operating similar aux- his heating energy will be free. for solar power experiments next iliary solar furnaces manufactured Even more important to energy year. by the local Solar Manufacturing Co. planners, however, is the advent of a But the solar industry pioneers are Twenty other manufacturers across major potential conserver of fossil not waiting for government. the country are expected to have a fuels. Gearhart turned to solar power The Greenville story is being re- thousand home solar units in opera- because natural gas service is no peated in a dozen states. Twenty tion during this heating season. Tract longer available to new residential small firms are producing an auxil- developers in Illinois, Minnesota and customers in his part of the coun- iary solar furnace for immediate use.

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 South Dakota and New Mexico legis- Sunglow Solar Systems, Interna- century. A gigantic irrigation system latures have offered tax credits to tional Solarthermics, etc. More than based on solar-powered pumps was property owners who install solar $200 million may be spent in 1976 built on the banks of the Nile in energy devices. Congress is weighing on basic solar research. A NASA 1912. The system, with 14,000 feet solar deductions on federal income satellite is radioing back new data of sunlight-concentrating surface, taxes. every day on the innermost secrets worked, but it was abandoned as Last year there were an estimated of the sun itself. "not economically competitive." 300 homes in the United States that Because the sun has always been "All of these early installations," utilized solar energy in one way or with us as an obvious source of heat notes the Encyclopaedia Britannica, another. Next year there will be and light, scientists have never "suffered the same deficiencies—ir- about 10,000 if sales trends continue. questioned that its energy would regularity of operation and excessive A 30-fold growth factor can't be someday be harnessed. The only cost; and none survived." dismissed, but there are approxi- question has been "when." Researchers at the Massachusetts mately 80 million homes in the na- Archimedes devised a system of Institute of Technology built solar- tion. The pioneers are only scratching mirrors that would concentrate the heated houses in the late 1930's, de- the surface. sun's rays on enemy ships, burn veloping technology that is still in The new solar industry is already their sails and break up attack for- use. being likened to the embryonic auto- mations. The theory was probably The MIT system utilizes a large mobile industry in the early 1900's. A never put to the test by the ancient rooftop "collector" that traps solar score of small design companies have Greeks, but it is technically feasible. heat, a water tank and a water pipe emerged. Each is marketing a unique There is evidence that the Incas of system that carries the heat through product. Each has all the excitement, Peru used lenses to light ceremonial the house. The collector is essentially all the problems, all the pitfalls—and fires. a glass and black metal plate that all the promise—that built Detroit. A solar furnace was built by La- absorbs heat. You encounter the Rival investors squabble, learned voisier before 1800. Solar steam gen- principle whenever you get into a professors clash with do-it-yourself erators were built in the 19th closed car on a sunny day. The tem- garage innovators, business and po- DR. GEORGE GERSTER RAPHO/PHOTO RESEARCHERS litical leaders call for national consumer standards and guidelines, bankers study the claims of manufacturers and weigh mortgages and home improvement loans, would-be customers ponder the merits of hot air versus hot water systems. Like an infant, the solar industry is squalling and undisciplined, but it's here. A philosopher might ponder that war and the threat of war in the Mid- dle East, the cradle of man's recorded history, should have compelled his attention to the sun as a primary source of energy. It has always been earth's ultimate physical force, gov- erning everything from the motion of the planet to the photosynthesis of plants. Man has always utilized its light and heat as best he could, though his efficiency has increased little since the ancient days of sun worship. Throughout modern history he has been largely content to burn fossil fuels. Only dire warnings that some of these fuels may soon be exhausted or denied him have forced man to seek means of harnessing sunlight itself. Until the Yom Kippur War of 1973 and the Arab oil boycott, solar homes across the United States and universities' experimental projects were curiosities. The boycott lit the fuse. Experimental stations have popped up in virtually every state. Govern- ment is funding major academic research programs. Dozens of do-it- yourself inventors are building their own devices for heating homes, swimming pools and greenhouses. Young companies have appeared with This sophisticated solar furnace is part of France's complex to study and utilize exotic names like Solaron, Energex, sun's energy. U.S., Russia, Algeria and Japan also have developed such furnaces.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 7 CONTINUED the $20,000 range because they re- You Can Use The Sun To Heat Your Home —NOW quire "custom home" design. But researchers are applying new tools to old problems. One of the most perature is higher inside the car A house in New Mexico holds significant is the solar cell, developed because the radiation passing water on the roof. "Ponds" encased by Bell Telephone Laboratories in through the window glass has been in plastic cover the flat roof. Sensors 1954 to provide electrical power for transformed to a different wave- open or close aluminum panels to ad- a satellite that orbited in 1958. Since length that cannot escape back mit or block the sun's rays, thus re- then panels of solar cells have pro- through the glass. taining or releasing heat from the vided power for radio and television Most rooftop installations operate house. transmissions from manned space- on variations of the MIT principle. Each of these older solar applica- craft, weather and communications One of the best known, the Harry tions encountered opposition because satellites and other space vehicles. Thomason house near Washington, of the high cost of collectors and at- Now it is being assessed for roles on D.C., has jets of water running down tendant construction and design ex- earth. corrugations on the collector sur- penditures. Even today, when rising So long as traditional fuels were face. The warmed water is then fuel costs and declining domestic oil plentiful and cheap, solar experi- piped to a basement tank. The tank and natural gas reserves have sent ments were judged too expensive. warms a 50-ton bed of stones. This consumer interest soaring, the cost Aside from outer space projects, provides heat for the house through of total hydronic solar systems re- there seemed to be no pressing need a forced-air system. mains a major obstacle. Most are in for solar energy. Nuclear power was AUTHENTICATED NEWS PHOTOS the accepted over-the-horizon alternative to fossil fuels. But the last few years have brought rude economic, political and environmental awakenings. As evidence and threats of fuel scarcities mounted, as prices multiplied, and as safety-anxious citizen groups began to harass and even prevent nuclear expansion, the sun shone brighter and brighter. A return to coal burning with its attendant pollution problems was unacceptable. Coal degasification and nuclear fusion faced formidable lab- oratory hurdles. Intensified oil and gas exploration offered only a short- term solution. Even the riches of the Alaskan North Slope could not meet the appetite of a nation whose power requirements were expected to double A roof solar collector produced 90% of winter heat used in this Maryland home. The within 25 years. owner-inventor made the collector from materials available in most hardware stores. In Washington, a new agency, the Environmental Research and Devel- opment Administration (ERDA), began to marshal scientific resources to examine alternatives—solar energy, the forces of wind, waves and tides, even geothermal heat deep inside the earth. It received proposals for giant windmills on ocean plat- forms, great hot water pipes thrust- ing deep underground, huge solar collectors mounted on satellites orbit- ing earth and vast collector "farms" in the Southwest to generate electricity. Now a simpler concept is at work for Mr. Gearhart in Greenville. He and several hundred other home- owners are drawing most of their heat from small 8-foot-by-12-foot backyard A-frame solar furnaces that have been hooked into the traditional forced-air heating system. These furnaces are the unlikely brainchild of tall, lanky, scholarly John Keyes, who holds a degree in philosophy. Keyes is chairman of In-

Pool in solarium part of the solar home above can be used nine months of the year. ternational Solarthermics Corp., at

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 UPI

" NEW: A solar energy cell, y3 in diameter In 1949, engineers built this experimental solar house at can produce 10 watts of electricity. M.l.T. to test their newly designed rooftop heat collector.

Nederland, Colo. The president of the the ground, within 100 feet of the "Insulation is not as romantic as company, Henry Leek, holds a degree house, with its collector surface fac- solar heating, but it accounts for at in music. The Keyes-Leck team has ing south toward the winter sun. The least 50% of the success of a good designed one of every three commer- interior, about the size of a garden solar heating system," says Keyes in cial solar heating systems in opera- shed, is filled with ten tons of washed a consumer guide. tion in the United States. They have gravel. The gravel stores heat gath- The backyard furnace, Keyes em- the only system that is being pro- ered by the specially designed collec- phasizes, is an auxiliary source of duced and distributed across the tor surface. One electric blower heat. It will continue to operate for country. forces air across the collector and four or five sunless days, but a tra- Applying what he calls "farmer into the gravel, another blows warm ditional heating system must be logic," Keyes has stolen a march on air from the rock into the house available for periods of extreme cold government and industry by reason- where a solid state electrical system or prolonged cloudiness. According ing that the most immediate market controls its distribution through the to independent engineering analysis, need was for a solar heating system traditional ductwork of a forced air- the unit can provide 80% or more of that could be fitted to homes already heating system. It switches on the the heat needed in warmer and sun- in existence and put to work quickly oil or gas furnace if the heat stored nier parts of the United States and to alleviate soaring oil and gas bills in the solar furnace falls below 75 60% or more in the coldest areas. while at the same time conserving degrees. The only interior alterations The three models of the furnace, in- those fuels. suggested by Keyes are reinforced stalled, range from $4,000 to $7,000. All government-sponsored solar window and door stripping and addi- (Do-it-yourself kits can cut the cost designs involve new home construc- tional insulation. (He recommends by $1,000 to $1,500.) If the demand tion. 18 inches of fiberglass on the ceiling, grows, the cost may drop dramati- Keyes' A-frame unit is placed on 3% inches in sidewalls.) (Continued on 'page 38)

Music major Henry Leek and philosopher John Keyes (C, l&r) designed the A-frame solar furnace (models shown), which make up a third of all such heating systems now operating in U.S. homes.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 .

Opposing Views by Congressmen on The Question . . SHOULD LABOR UNIONS BE

y answer to your question is an emphatic ducing (1) wage rates "yes" and, I might add, such coverage repre- and fringe benefits in ex- sents a corrective measure which is long overdue. cess of those justified by As a means of protecting the public interest, our increased productivity or antitrust laws were initially passed by the Con- competitive levels; (2) gress to prevent business from engaging in monop- boycotts, and (3) work olistic practices that would reduce competition and rules that require com- restrain trade. Labor unions were exempted from pensation for unneces- these laws by judicial interpretation and subse- sary work. quent action by Congress. It was done generally on In my opinion, labor the grounds that unions were weak and struggling unions' monopoly power organizations and needed special protection in order is incompatible with a Sen. Strom Thurmond to stand up to big business. free market economy. (R-S.C.) Today, however, this special protection afforded The solution, as I see it, to labor unions is no longer justified. The power is to bring the unions under the same antitrust of big labor has grown to monopolistic levels. Con- scrutiny as big business. As a legislative means to sidering the power of the labor unions, the special this end, on March 3, 1975, I introduced S. 926, a treatment of unions in the antitrust area poses a bill which would remove the exemption for labor threat to the maintenance of the necessary balance unions in the antitrust statutes. My bill would not in labor-management relations. Although the labor- in any way punish unions—it would simply allow management area in the past has been viewed as a the courts to decide, as they do now for business struggle between workers and big business, it has enterprise, whether particular actions monopolize evolved today into a struggle between big unions or restrain trade. There is no justification for the and the public. inconsistency of application of the antitrust laws I believe that the abuse of union power is a ma- between business and labor. It is time to realize jor contributing factor to inflation that has ravaged that an evenhanded approach in the application of our nation in recent years. In many cases business the antitrust laws is needed. It is only fair that we has been unwilling and unable to contest the exces- apply comparable treatment to labor and business. sive demands made by the powerful and aggressive unions. As a result of union demands, costs go up and then prices go up. Increased labor costs are simply passed along to the consumer. Our working citizens should most definitely share in our economy to the extent of their efforts. Amer- icans should be able to reap the rewards of their production and planning. Unfortunately, however, monopolistic labor power has had the effect of pro-

If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel on this

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 SUBJECT TO U.S. ANTITRUST LAWS? "NO" American working strikers. This decision profoundly alienated the men and women American people. In 1908, Republican and Demo- want, and deserve, ade- cratic parties protested the application of the Sher- quate compensation for man Anti-Trust law to unions. On five occasions the work they do; job se- President Taft urged Congress to pass remedial leg- curity; and, above all, a islation. Finally, in 1914, Congress passed the Clay- "rule of law" to govern ton Act which removed labor from the ambit of the working conditions. Real- Sherman Act. In spite of the new law, anti-labor istically, workers know federal judges found ways to circumvent the Clay- that as individuals they ton Act. With the support of President Hoover, have little or no bargain- Congress in 1932 enacted the Norris-LaGuardia Act ing power with their which prohibited federal courts to enjoin union Thompson, Jr. Rep. Frank employers. Therefore, activity except in cases where violence occurs. (D-N.J.) workers have organized Today, millions of American working men and unions to improve their bargaining position. In women peacefully exercise their right to organize short, unions substitute team strength for individ- and bargain collectively through their elected rep- ual weakness. resentatives. I advocate rigorous enforcement of The struggle of the working man to achieve union the antitrust laws against cartels which victimize recognition began in Philadelphia in 1806, when businessmen and consumers, but it is absurd to shoemakers there organized a city-wide union and equate the unlawful activity of giant cartels with struck for higher wages. City authorities sent them that of unions. I am convinced the great majority to prison on charges of "unlawful conspiracy and of the American people will not countenance a res- combination." These terms describe the classic kind toration of the atmosphere of the 19th century, of activity attributed to business enterprises that when workers were jailed and fined for taking col- monopolize markets. Congress did not outlaw illegal lective action to advance their cause. conspiracies and combinations until late in the 19th century, when it enacted the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Although that statute was directed against the giant trusts which monopolized so much of the nation's business, the law soon turned against the working man. In 1894, workers employed in factories which then manufactured Pullman cars went on strike. The railroad unions, acting in sympathy, refused to connect Pullman cars to passenger trains. Federal i 1

I have read in The American Legion Magazine for De- courts held that this refusal violated the Sherman cember the arguments in PRO & CON: Should Labor Act and issued sweeping injunctions against the Unions Be Subject To U.S. Antitrust Laws?

IN MY OPINION THE ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION IS: YES NO

SIGNED issue, fill out the "ballot" and mail it to him. >j ADDRESS TOWN STATE.

You can address any Representative c/o U.S. House of Representatives, Wash- ington. D.C. 20515; any Senator c/o U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. 20510.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 H By LYNWOOD MARK RHODES

he story of Andrew Carnegie is Carnegie in the best Horatio Alger tradi- Andrew the American rags-to-riches tion of dream—with a new chapter that Alger never wrote on giving riches away. and His Millions Starting with next to nothing, he made hundreds of millions of dollars (and created the American steel in- He put the 'big' in big business, then turned his riches dustry in the process). At 65, he sold out, and for nearly 20 years devoted into a giant giveaway that continues to benefit us all. himself to the difficult task of giving his money away in a manner BROWN BROTHERS which still benefits millions of people. Born in Dunfermline, Scotland, Nov. 25, 1835, he came to western Pennsylvania with his impoverished immigrant parents in 1848. A year later, 13-year-old Andy Carnegie was earning $4.80 a month as a bobbin boy in a Pittsburgh textile mill. In 1901, he retired with a guaranteed income of a million dollars a month for life from an industrial empire based on steel that awed even his most hard-bitten competitors. Carnegie began by moving up from bobbin boy to messenger boy for the O'Reilly Telegraph Co. at $10 a month. At 15, he was a telegraph operator, having studied the Morse Code in his spare time. Three years later, he was confidential secretary to Thomas Scott, the superintendent of the Western division of the Penn- sylvania Railroad, who liked his "bustling efficiency." The salary was $35 a month, a mighty wad of money in 1853 for a kid without any formal schooling to speak of. "The aim of every boy should be to do something beyond the sphere of his duties which attracts the attention of those over him," Carnegie later wrote, sum- ming up his career to this point. He lost no time doing just that. One day, while Scott was out of town, young Carnegie issued orders straightening out a train wreck on the line—boldly signing the boss's name to them. After that, Scott bragged about "that little white- haired Scotch devil of mine" and the company president rewarded "Scott's Andy" with a $5 raise for his re- sourcefulness. At 20, Carnegie made his first investment. Scott offered him ten shares of Adams Express Co. and loaned him the necessary $600 to buy the stock. A few months later, the young entrepreneur got a check for $10, the first dividend from his stock. "I shall remember that check as long as I live," he wrote years afterwards. "It gave me the first

penny . . . that I had not worked for Andrew Carnegie with the sweat of my brow." To his

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 CULVER PICTURES, INC. friends, he cried, "Eureka! Here's the goose that lays the golden eggs." Other geese soon laid more golden eggs. He met T. T. Woodruff, inventor of the earliest, pre-Pullman sleeping car; persuaded Scott to buy several for the Pennsy; and was allowed to buy a one-eighth interest in Woodruff's company for his efforts. Carnegie financed his interest on a monthly installment basis and bor- rowed the first payment of $217.50 from a local bank on his personal note. It was the only money he ever put in the company. Thereafter, each monthly dividend paid the installment with enough left over to quickly erase the bank loan. Within two years, the investment returned an annual income of nearly $5,000, "the first considerable sum I ever made." It was the start of Carnegie's fortune. Giving thanks where thanks were due, he scrawled in his diary, "Blessed be the man who invented sleep." In 1859, Scott became vice- president of the Pennsylvania Rail- road and Carnegie succeeded him as Western division manager. The question of salary came up. "Salary, what do I care for salary?" he answered almost indifferently. "I do not want the salary, I want the position." If a monthly salary of $125 (what Scott had made) seemed relatively unim- portant, it was probably because Carnegie had put $11,000 of sleeping car earnings in the newly-discovered oil fields of western Pennsylvania and literally struck a gusher. The flyer paid him $17,868 in the first year of production alone. That made his railroad salary look like peanuts. When the Civil War came along, he worked in Washington in charge of military railway operations and The generous Scot as 'benefactor of humanity,' an accolade bestowed upon him by the nations of the Americas in 1911 for his efforts in promoting world went into iron manufacturing at the peace.

BROWN BROTHERS

Workers' homes abut Carnegie's Homestead, Pa. steel plant in this late 19th century photo. Here in 1892 Carnegie had his one bloody labor battle. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 13 CONTINUED his abdication from business came Andrew Carnegie and His Millions not two but 32 years later. "One thing led to another," he later ex- same time. He never doubted that quarters in the elegant St. Nicholas plained. railroads—and iron—would be the Hotel. There, on the last night in He invested heavily in Capt. J. B. great instruments of America's des- 1868, he set down specific plans for Eads' splendid bridge across the Mis- tiny. The millions of men going back his future. sissippi at St. Louis, thus assuring into civilian life after the war, he He toted up his personal ledger that his Keystone Bridge Co. got the believed, "would not stay crowded sheets. Assets in 16 companies—oil contract to supply its iron structural in the eastern cities, not with the and coal, stock in the Union Pacific, parts. For frosting, he also negotiated wealth of a continent to develop." a stake in the Pullman Palace Car the bridge's financing by selling its That meant huge amounts of iron Co. and Western Union Telegraph, first mortgage bonds in New York axles and iron rails for the transcon- interests in banks and street-railway and London—-for a hefty commission tinental tracks, and he intended to firms, his iron works—came to $400,- of $50,000. get in on the ground floor. 000. His annual income: $56,110. The "It is not unlikely," says historian He organized the Keystone Bridge figure was mind-boggling. In 12 short Louis Hacker, "that Carnegie made Co. and sold half its stock to Scott. His years, he'd turned two loans totaling as much as a million dollars in his own investment' was $1,250, which $817.50 into the pot of gold at the dual capacity as contractor and fi- a bank loaned him. With several other end of the rainbow. Then, with pen nancial agent" by following the same friends, he set up a small wrought- and ink, he prepared another kind of tack in subsequent bridge building iron factory, then another company balance sheet in a sort of shorthand deals across the Mississippi and Mis- to make structural shapes, and still intended only for himself but which souri.

CARNEGIE CORP. N. V. WIDE WORLD PHOTOS

The results of Carnegie's efforts to use his wealth for the good of all include the hundreds of public libraries he gave and the schools he endowed. Left, one of the first libraries he donated, at Braddock, Pa. Right, Carnegie Tech Institute at Pittsburgh. another to make rails. Contracts has become more widely quoted than It was on one of his bond-selling came thick and fast, and he was any other thing he ever wrote. missions to England in 1872 that collecting thousands in annual divi- "Thirty-three and an income of Carnegie saw Henry Bessemer's con- dends even before the war ended. $50,000 per annum!" he began. "Be- verter decarbonize iron, which made In 1865, he decided it was time to yond this never earn—make no effort the mass production of steel com- quit the Pennsy. "I am determined to increase fortune, but spend the mercially feasible for the first time. to meet the future head on and to surplus each year for benevolent Though several plants in America expand as my means do," he wrote purposes. Cast aside business for- were already using Bessemer's a cousin. The best way to do both, ever, except for others. . . . Man must process to roll steel rails, the dubious he concluded, was to become the big- have an idol—the amassing of wealth Scot had earlier thought the process gest ironmaker in the United States. is one of the worst species of idola- was still too experimental to adopt. Meanwhile, when George Pullman try—no idol more debasing than the But as he stood before the blazing outmoded Woodruff's sleeping cars, worship of money. Whatever I en- cauldron in England, watching it

Andy bought a large share of Pull- gage in I must push inordinately . . . pour "a silver liquid stream into man's firm. but to continue much longer over- waiting molds to form ingots of Carnegie moved with his widowed whelmed by business cares and with steel," he made the most fateful de- mother to New York City, "the one most of my thoughts wholly upon cision of his fife—to put "all my incomparable place to obtain more the way to make money in the short- eggs in one basket and then watch and larger orders." Legend has it est time must degrade me beyond that basket." that she'd made him promise never hope of permanent recovery." There- "We must start the manufacture to marry as long as she lived, so she fore, "I will resign business at of steel rails and start at once," he may have tagged along to keep him thirty-five." told his partners back in Pittsburgh. a man of his word. In any event, he That left him two years to be- "The day of iron has passed—Steel opened an investments office on come the biggest ironmaker in the is King." Then he high-tailed it to Broad Street and took up living United States. But, as events proved, New York, sold off all his stock and

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 WIDE WORLD PHOTO credit) and converted it into the first plant in the country using the new open-hearth process which made a higher grade of steel than the Besse- mer method. Yet, Carnegie never professed to know much about making steel. In- stead, he gathered around him the best of those who did. His epitaph, he once said, ought to read: "Here lies the man who was able to sur- round himself with men far cleverer than himself." The finest of the lot was probably Capt. William Jones, a burly Union veteran. He drove and hustled the workmen, roaring through the plants, firing and rehiring as fast as a hot Welsh temper allowed, and making innovations that saved Carnegie thousands of dollars. Jones was a production genius, and in time had

Top and above, I. to r., the Peace Palace at The Hague, The Netherlands; the Pan American Union Building in Washington and Carnegie Hall in New York. All built with Carnegie's money, they were his contributions to foster world peace, to encourage good-neighbor relations and to bring to many the world of music. bond investments, and bought a site that he racked up profits enough in more patents to his credit than any at Braddock some 12 miles north of the first year of production to be free individual in steel-making history. It Pittsburgh to build the most modern and clear. was a sad night in September 1889, steel mill in existence and "put every His profits were nothing short of when Jones and six helpers were dollar of my capital in it." spectacular in the next three decades killed when a troublesome furnace A severe depression gripped the —over $3 million in 1886, nearly he was inspecting exploded. nation just then, but times were ripe $7 million in 1897, an incredible $20 Charles Schwab, Carnegie's 27- for Carnegie. Wages and equipment million in 1900, every last cent of year-old assistant who had started were at rock-bottom lows. The plant, which was tax-free in those pre- out as a stake driver in the mills, upon completion in 1875, cost $1,- Internal Revenue days. replaced Jones as chief superinten- 250,000—including the site, equip- "When was there such a busi- dent. This was in keeping with ment and tenement housing for the ness!" he exuberantly asked a part- Carnegie's policy of always promot- workers. This was only three-fourths ner. When, indeed? Carnegie was now ing from within, picking the bright- what it would have cost two years the whip hand in the steel world, est young men in his plants to earlier. Carnegie merely said that making one-fourth of the steel pro- become his "associates," as a Car- "the man who has money during a duced in the U. S. and half of the negie partner was called. "Mr. panic and invests it is a wise and nation's structural steel and armor Morgan buys his partners," Carnegie valuable citizen." plate. A majority interest in the was fond of saying about financier And shrewd, he might have added. H. C. Frick Coke Co., the nation's J. P. "I grow my own." The plant—tactfully named the J. largest coke producer, gave him first All of his partners—he eventually Edgar Thomson Works after the head call on this vital ingredient in the had about 40—worked as heads of of the Pennsylvania Railroad, its manufacture of steel. He'd purchased departments, even the original in- largest prospective customer—was the Homestead mill that competitors vestors. Whatever their titles and the only producer of steel rails in had built across the Monongahela despite high profits, each earned only the Pittsburgh region. Andy sold so from Braddock (he got it for a song $5,000 a year. High salaries, Carnegie many rails to his former employer when they over-extended their frequently said, were "badges of

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 15 THE BETTMANN ARCHIVE CONTINUED Andrew Carnegie and His Millions servitude," constantly negotiable and stressed, "can continue to show a a drain on production costs. Besides, profit in lean years and be in a posi- "a good man could always be enticed tion to buy out its less prudent com- away by a rival company if his only petitors." He got a lot of lip from tie to his employer was a monthly many of his old-time partners, par- salary check." ticularly since their meager salaries The way to bind a man to a busi- seemed pitifully small compared to ness body and soul, he reasoned, was the annual profits credited on the to give him a share in the company books. But as he always had a ma- itself and, if necessary, let him pay jority of the shares—a policy of for it out of his earnings. Some of absolute control from which Carnegie the interests Carnegie parceled off never deviated—his word was law. were as small as l/18th of one share, And just to make certain that none but "the company's success was the sold their shares to outside specula- employee's success and the able part- tors, every partner had to sign a ner could not leave without losing so-called "Ironclad Agreement." A his interest in the company's future partner's share reverted to the com- growth." It all sounded so practical pany in the event of retirement, dis- that Carnegie was constantly amazed agreement or death—at the original that his competitors never followed book value and paid for by the com- J. P. Morgan. He bought Carnegie's steel suit. pany in monthly installments. Any- company in 1901 for $492 million. The only man who ever got a bet- one who didn't like the arrangement ter deal was Capt. Jones. Carnegie could get out. A few did, to their "Every dinner you attend, every tried to make him a partner, but the everlasting regret. lunch at the club at which you linger, Welshman said he "knew nothing of Carnegie also made other rules every word you speak has serious shares except that he did not wish for his partners. No speculation in consequences and affects the com- to be bothered with them." His forte the stock market. "The moment a pany." was superintending production and man speculates," he warned, "his If they didn't like Carnegie's rules, "a hell of a salary" was satisfaction credit is "impaired and soon it is they couldn't gripe about his busi- enough. Carnegie didn't quibble with gone." Avoid "the perilous habit of ness sense. "Carnegie never wanted the peerless supervisor, and Jones indorsing another's note ... as it to know the profits," one partner got what he wanted $25,000 a year, assails one generally in the barb of — said. "He always wanted to know the same sum that the President of friendship." If one violated this rule, the costs." Those who worked with the U. S. then made. Carnegie advised, he should do so him knew this—and they knew that, All profits, after salaries and plant only when he had the cash means whether at home or abroad, he ex- maintenance, went into a financial "not required for his own debts and amined the cost sheets for each op- reserve. "Only a company that uses never beyond those means." A loose eration with niggling, almost fat profits of the boom years to mod- tongue from excessive drinking was microscopic, attention. "We broke all ernize its equipment and rationalize equally dangerous. He chastised a records for making steel last week," its operations to cut costs," Carnegie talkative partner with these words: one manager proudly telegraphed him in Scotland. "Congratulations. What about next week?" came back the reply. "No. 8 Furnace broke all records today," a supervisor boasted. "What are the other ten doing?" Carnegie shot back. His basic notions of mass production anticipated those that made Henry Ford wealthy. "Cut costs and maintain quality, but take orders and run full," he told his partners. "SMALL PROFITS AND LARGE SALES in golden letters above your desks is respectfully recommended." When the nearby Duquesne Steel Works began the direct rolling of steel (a process which made the production of rails cheaper), he wrote to railroads throughout the country that such rails were risky because they lacked "homogeneity." No one knew what this meant, but it sounded impressive and was accepted as gospel. Uncounted tons of unsold rails quickly piled up in the Du- quesne yards. A year after the own- Another area for research and study, so important to Carnegie's 20th century ideas, ers opened their doors, they gladly is the Mt. Wilson Observatory in Calif., built by the Carnegie Institute in Washington. (Continued on page JfO)

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 Whither GeorgeDickel?

With or without the Why? Its mellowed What? The thought rocks? Either way its through charcoal. For a that quality always superb Tennessee smooth, expensive taste takes a little longer. Sour MashWhisky.

How? Tennessee Coffee. Add one jigger George Dickel to hot coffee. Sweeten to taste. Top with generous dollop of whipped cream and enjoy.

There's a little bit of Tennessee in every sip.

—

Can We Afford A Free Press?

was less than a decade ago By POTTER STEWART It that during the Vietnam years— Associate Justice, Supreme Court Of The United States the American people began to become aware on a national scale of the twin phenomena of so-called investigative reporting and an ad- Associate Justice versary press—that is, it was a press TUn A i ithnv 1 AfC flUUlUl Potter Stewart adversary to the executive branch began a distinguished career in law of the federal government. And it after graduating from Yale University short years that was only in a two in 1941 with a LL.B. Degree. He prac- culminated in the resignation of a ticed law in Neiv York City and Cin- President that we fully realized the cinnati, Ohio, until 1954 when President enormous power that an investiga- Eisenhower appointed him to the tive and adversary press can exert. United States Court of Appeals for the The public opinion polls I have Sixth District. seen indicate that some Americans He spent three years on active sea 'duty the U.S. during World firmly believe that the former Vice with Navy War II and was discharged with the President and former President of rank of lieutenant in 1945. hounded out the United States were President Eisenhower nominated him irre- of office by an arrogant and to the Supreme Court in 1958. sponsible press that had outrageously usurped dictatorial power. And it seems clear that many more Ameri- cans, while appreciating and even applauding the service performed by of those cases, a public figure cannot Constitution. Most of the other official wrong- the press in exposing successfully sue a publisher for libel provisions in the Bill of Rights levels of our doing at the highest unless he can show that the publisher protect specific liberties or specific nonetheless national government, are maliciously printed a damaging un- rights of individuals; freedom of con- deeply disturbed by what they truth. speech, freedom of worship, the of sider to be the illegitimate power Whether a newspaper reporter has right to counsel, the privilege against in the political the organized press a First Amendment privilege to compulsory self-incrimination, to structure of our society. refuse to disclose his confidential name a few. In contrast, the Free On the contrary, it is my thesis sources to a grand jury was another Press Clause extends protection to that the established American press question that went to the Supreme an institution. The publishing busi- in the past ten years, and particu- Court. By a divided vote, the Court ness is, in short, the only organized larly in the past two years, has found no such privilege to exist in private business that is given ex- performed precisely the function it the circumstances of the cases be- plicit constitutional protection. those was intended to perform by fore it. This basic understanding is essen- who wrote the First Amendment In another noteworthy case, the tial, I think, to avoid an elementary of the U. S. Constitution and that is Court was asked by the Justice error of constitutional law. It is supported by the relevant decisions Department to restrain publication tempting to suggest that freedom of the Supreme Court. by The New York Times and other of the press means only that news- Despite the importance of news- newspapers of the so-called Pentagon paper publishers are guaranteed papers in the political and social life Papers. The Court declined to do so. freedom of expression. They are of our country, the Supreme Court In still another case, the question guaranteed that freedom, to be sure, has not until very recently been to be decided was whether political but so are we all, because of the called upon to delineate their con- groups have a First Amendment or Free Speech Clause. If the Free stitutional role in our structure of statutory right of access to the Press guarantee meant no more than government. During most of our federally regulated broadcast chan- freedom of expression, it would be a history, the Court was seldom asked nels of radio and television. The constitutional redundancy. Between to define the rights and privileges, Court held there was no such right 1776 and the drafting of our Con- or the responsibilities, of the orga- of access. stitution, many of the state constitu- nized press. The Court recently confronted a tions contained clauses protecting Only in very recent years have Florida statute that required news- freedom of the press while at the cases involving the established press papers to grant a "right of reply" same time recognizing no general finally begun to reach the Supreme to political candidates they had freedom of speech. By including both Court, presenting a variety of prob- criticized. The Court unanimously guarantees in the First Amendment, lems, some arising in complicated held this statute to be inconsistent the Founders quite clearly recognized factual settings. with the guarantees of a free press. the distinction between the two. In a series of cases, the Court has It seems to me that in all these It is also a mistake to suppose been called upon to consider the cases the Court's approach has uni- that the only purpose of the con- limits imposed by the free press formly reflected its understanding stitutional guarantee of a free press guarantee upon a state's common or that the Free Press guarantee is, in is to insure that a newspaper will statutory law of libel. As a result essence, a structural provision of the serve as a neutral forum for debate,

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 19 —

CONTINUED may seek to learn what it can. But this autonomy cuts Can We Afford A Free Press? both ways. The press is free to do battle against secrecy and deception in govern- a "marketplace for ideas," a kind of Officials within the three government. But the press cannot expect Hyde Park corner for the com- mental branches are, for all practical from the Constitution any guarantee munity. A related theory sees the purposes, immune from libel and that it will succeed. There is no press as a neutral conduit of in- slander suits for statements that constitutional right to have access formation between the people and they make in the line of duty. This to particular government informa- their elected leaders. These theories, immunity, which has both con- tion, or to require openness from in my view, again give insufficient stitutional and common law origins, the bureaucracy. The public's interest weight to the institutional autonomy aims to insure bold and vigorous in knowing about its government is of the press that it was the purpose prosecution of the public's business. protected by the guarantee of a free of the Constitution to guarantee. The same basic reasoning applies to press, but the protection is indirect. In setting up the three branches the press. By contrast, the Court has The Constitution itself is neither a of the federal government, the never suggested that the constitu- Freedom of Information Act nor an Founders deliberately created an tional right of free speech gives an Official Secrets Act. internally competitive system. As individual immunity from libel or The Constitution, in other words, Mr. Justice Brandeis once wrote: slander actions. establishes the contest, not its resolu- "The (Founders') purpose was In the cases involving the news- tion. Congress may provide a reso- not to avoid friction, but, by paper reporters' claims that they lution, at least in some instances, means of the inevitable friction had a constitutional privilege not to through carefully drawn legislation. incident to the distribution of disclose their confidential news For the rest, must rely, as the governmental powers among we so sources to a grand jury, the Court often three departments, to save the in our system, on the tug and rejected the claims five people from autocracy." by a vote of pull of the political forces in Ameri- The primary purpose of the con- to four. But if freedom of the press can society. stitutional guarantee of a free press means simply freedom of speech for Newspapers, television networks was a similar one: to create a fourth reporters, this question of a report- and magazines have sometimes been institution outside the government er's asserted right to withhold in- outrageously abusive, untruthful, as an additional check on the three formation would have answered arrogant and hypocritical. But it official branches. Consider the open- itself. None of us—as individuals hardly follows that elimination of a ing words of the Free Press Clause has a "free speech" right to refuse strong and independent press is the of the Massachusetts Constitution, to tell a grand jury the identity of way to eliminate abusiveness, un- drafted by John Adams: someone who has given us informa- truth, arrogance or hypocrisy from "The liberty of the press is tion relevant to the grand jury's government itself. essential to the security of the legitimate inquiry. Only if a reporter It is quite possible to conceive of state." is a representative of a protected the survival of our Republic without The relevant metaphor, I think, is institution does the question become an autonomous press. For openness that of the Fourth Estate. What complicated and the members of the and honesty in government, for an Thomas Carlyle wrote about the Court disagreed in answering it. adequate flow of information be- British Government a century ago The cases involving the so-called tween the people and their repre- has a curiously contemporary ring: "right of access" to the press raised sentatives, for a sufficient check on "Burke said there were Three the issue whether the First Amend- autocracy and despotism, the tradi- Estates in Parliament; but, in ment allows government, or indeed tional competition between the three the Reporters' Gallery yonder, requires government, to regulate the branches of government, supple- there sat a Fourth Estate more press so as to make it a genuinely mented by vigorous political activity, important far than they all. It is fair and open "marketplace for not a figure of speech, or witty might be enough. The press could be ideas." The Court's answer was "no" saying; it is a literal fact,—very relegated to the status of a public momentous to us in these times." to both questions. If a newspaper utility. The guarantee of free speech For centuries before our Revolu- wants to serve as a neutral market- would presumably put some limitation, the press in England had been place for debate, that is an objective tion on the regulation to which the licensed, censored, and bedeviled by which it is free to choose. And, press could be subjected. But if there prosecutions for seditious libel. The within limits, that choice is probably were no guarantee of a free press, British Crown knew that a free necessary to commercially successful government could convert the com- press was not just a neutral vehicle journalism. But it is a choice that munications media into a neutral for the balanced discussion of di- government cannot constitutionally "marketplace of ideas." Newspapers verse ideas. Instead, the free press impose. and television networks could then meant organized expert scrutiny of Finally, the Pentagon Papers case be required to promote contemporary government. The press was a con- involved the line between secrecy government policy or current notions spiracy of the intellect, with the and openness in the affairs of gov- of social justice. courage of numbers. This formidable ernment. One question was whether Such a constitution is possible; it check on official power was what the that line is drawn by the Constitu- might work reasonably well. But it British Crown had feared—and what tion itself. The Justice Department is not the Constitution the Founders the American Founders decided to asked the Court to find in the wrote. It is not the Constitution that risk. Constitution a basis for prohibiting has carried us through nearly two It is this constitutional under- the publication of these classified centuries of national life. Perhaps standing, I think, that provides the government documents. The Court our liberties might survive without unifying principle underlying the could find no such prohibition, and an independent established press. Supreme Court's recent decisions concluded that, so far as the Consti- But the Founders doubted it, and I dealing with the organized press. tution goes, the autonomous press think we can all be thankful for Consider first the libel cases. may publish what it knows, and their doubts. end

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 .

Dateline Washington

REINING IN THE REGULATORS.

CONSUMERS PAY CRIME TAB.

FIVE-DAY WEEK STILL DOMINANT.

The drive to deregulate and reform the a study of non-agricultural and salary full- myriad of regulatory agencies is picking up time employees, the Labor Dept . said that steam in Washington where such agencies, the five-day week continues to dominate many of them with quasi-legislative and the schedule of workers, with a reported quasi-judicial 48.4 million on five-day functions r are known as the a week. Only 1.2 fourth branch of the federal government million Americans work less. . .three to four To put a rein on the more than 100 such and a half days. agencies employing over 63,000 government The study shows that there is a slight workers, the President has recommended but discernible trend toward working less and several bills have been introduced to than five days. The number of employees create a National Commission on Regulatory in this category increased 140,000, Reform. raising their share of the total full- The President recently stirred up the time workers to just over 2%. Most of airline industry when he proposed the this increase was in four-day weeks. limited deregulation of air fares and the loosening up in stages of who can provide air service and to what destinations. These PEOPLE & QUOTES - are now tightly controlled by the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB). The Interstate Commerce Commission, the grand-daddy PRESIDENT'S STAND DEATH PENALTIY of regulatory agencies, is next on the "I did not take the sacred "There are many of us who Presidential list, with the proposed de- oath of office to preside over feel capital punishment should regulation the decline and fall of Ameri- be restored for terrorist ac- of the trucking industry ca."—President Ford. tivities such as hijacking air- anticipated. planes, attempted assassina- Sen. James B. Allen (Ala.) is in the tions of the President and forefront of the Congressional fight CHINESE WARNING such things as that." Rep. John Rhodes, House Republi- "What characterizes the to put a stop to the proliferation of can Leader. such regulations and controls. current world situation is de- cidedly not an h-reversible process of detente but the ap- AUTHORS* RIGHTS Consumers are picking up the $23.6 proaching danger of a new billion tab lost by retail businesses world war." Chiao Kuan-hua, "The basic human rights of Chinese Foreign Minister. individual authors through- due to shoplifting, employee pilferage, out the world are being sacri- shrinkage and other crimes this year, a ficed more and more on the Commerce Department official revealed. OIL ALTERNATIVES altar of . . . the technological revolution." Register of Copy- Such crimes make more money than the na- ". . . it is better for both rights Barbara Ringer. tion's three largest retailers— Sears, producers and consumers that Ward and Penney combined, according the price of oil should reach to Norris Lynch, Consumer Goods Director the level of prices of alterna- GONE HAYWIRE of the Commerce Dept. These three re- tives so that alternative "We begin with the best of energy sources can be pro- tailers had gross sales of $22 billion in intentions but wind up with duced." Prince Saud Al-Fai- social programs that are 1974, while retail losses due to pilferage, sal, Saudi Arabia Foreign spinning out of control." shoplifting and other crimes were Minister. Treasury Sec'y William E. estimated at $20.3 billion in 1974 and will Simon. grow about 16% this year. PRIVATE SECTOR FADING CAPITALISM "Our major concern is to Strange as it may seem in these days when stimulate the private economy "Our capitalism is no everyone is striving towards a shorter work- rather than to create millions longer capitalism; it is a week, 8.2 million Americans are working of new government jobs to try weakened mixture of govern- five and a to seven days a week, the to deal with the nation's un- ment regulations and limited half employment problem." Sec'y business opportunities." Sec'y Department of Labor reported. However, in of Labor John Dunlop. of Agric. E~arl Butz.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 21 —

Just Off The Highway... ST. MARY'S, GA., AND CUMBERLAND ISLAND

The majestic ruin of the old Dungeness mansion on Cumberland Island, Ga., once peopled by the illustrious of history.

By HARRIET HEDGECOTH mouth of the river, and to at least The town was once a major sea- a look at long Cumberland Island, port. Many of the public and private just offshore. St. Mary's, a tiny buildings date back 200 years and America's freeways now provide an excellent system for traveling long waterfront town with a big history, more. There are no large hotels or distances in a hurry by car. It is also is full of legend, color and archi- eateries, but there are two camp- a system for whizzing past many interesting things to see without seeing tectural relics. Some are being re- grounds. St. Mary's held its own them. From time to time we propose to stored, while others hardly need symbolic funeral for George Wash- show you here a few interesting things restoration. ington in Dec. 1799, and planted to be seen "just off the highway" all over the nation, such as St. Mary's and If you like a breather from hard four oaks at the time, one of which Cumberland Island, Ga. driving, St. Mary's charm, quiet and survives.

limited commercialism are in wonder- Cumberland Island is, if anything, North of Jacksonville, on Inter- ful contrast to Interstate 95. About even more interesting, though you state 95, the St. Mary's River the only commercial tourist gimmick can't visit it without committing separates Florida from Georgia. A is an old bus called the Toonerville most of a day. Free 40-passenger turn east on Georgia route 40 quickly Trolley, in which passengers can ferry service of the Georgia Park brings you to the coast, to the quaint, leisurely tour St. Mary's at a dollar Service departs St. Mary's for the historic town of St. Mary's at the a head. island at 9 a.m. and 1 p.m. daily

ALL PHOTOS BY HEDGECOTH (JACKSONVILLE). a 45-minute ride. Passage must be reserved in advance, which you can do by calling (912) 882-4335. When you arrive at Cumberland Island, you tour it on foot. The most remarkable sight on Cumberland, once a smugglers' haven, is Dungeness, an unfinished, crumbling old estate that is associated with many great names in American history. The island was a favorite hunting ground of Gen. James E. Ogelthorpe, who founded the Georgia colony in 1733. The original Dungeness was a simple hunting lodge built by Ogel- one- Free ferry which departs St. Mary's twice daily for Cumberland Island. thorpe. Gen. Nathanael Greene,

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 — PERSONAL

Cumberland I.

ATLANTIC OCEAN TWO GLAMOR ITEMS IN THE NEWS A COLLEGE-DEGREE SHORTCUT. • Fernandina Beach CALCULATING YOUR NET WORTH.

Here's a progress report on two relatively new glamor products—four- channel sound and electronic digital watches. "Four-channel sound, intended to be a major advance over stereo because it employs four audio sources that literally envelop you in recorded words time commander of George Wash- and music, still is struggling to get into the big time. ington's southern Revolutionary For starters, keep this in mind: There are two four-channel systems—one Army, planned a large mansion on called "matrix," the other "discreet" or "CD-4"—each with a unique re- the site, but died before he could cording and reproducing method. However, you can buy equipment that can start it. handle both systems simultaneously, as well as your present inventory of Ten years later, his widow, Cath- records (in fact, your old records will sound much better on four- erine, and her second husband, channel). Also, you can convert the stereo set you now have into four- Phineas Miller, began constructing channel by adding two speakers, an amplifier, a decoding device and a the second Dungeness, a mammoth special cartridge for your record player. Whichever way you wish to go, structure 50-feet high, with walls fully acquaint yourself with the basics of four-channel before buying, from four to six feet thick, and because there are some tricky—and rather expensive—angles. nearly a score of rooms, with four • The big news in electronic digital watches is that sales are up and chimneys and 16 fireplaces. prices have nose-dived. Timepieces priced at over $100 a year ago now sell The great mansion was never fin- for $50 or less. You can choose from two types: The liquid crystal display ished, though the Millers lived and (LCD), which is "on" continuously; and the light-emitting diode (LED), entertained in it in its unfinished which gives you a readout when you push a button and usually also form. shows the date. Both types have no moving parts (a battery-activated Eli Whitney was a frequent crystal does the job), are highly accurate and need little servicing. guest of the Millers at Dungeness. Gen. Lighthorse Harry Lee died there. The property was later bought Prospective college students may be able to save time, and money by by the Thomas Carnegies, of Pitts- using a relatively new shortcut called CLEP (College-Level Examination burgh, who repaired it after it had Program). You can take exams for a nominal fee ($20 to $40) at one of fallen into decay during the Civil 800 CLEP centers throughout the country to test what you already know War. The Carnegies entertained or have learned outside college. Based on this you may be able to get many prominent people at Dunge- some free college credits before you attend classes. About 1,500 educational ness. It is now a majestic ruin. institutions in all 50 states participate in the program. Much of Cumberland Island's nat- The tests are of two types—one set covering general education (En- ural beauty is undisturbed. Its 20 glish, math, sciences, humanities); the other dealing with specific subjects, miles of splendid beach often bear such as medical technology, computers, nursing, etc. Before signing up: tiny hoofprints of Sicilian donkeys 1) Ask the institution that you or your children wish to attend what and wild horses, said to have de- policies it has on scores, many credits it will allow and what scended from those of the Spaniards. CLEP how END admission requirements it has. 2) Get some literature on CLEP. A booklet entitled "CLEP May Be for You" may be obtained gratis from College Board Publication Orders, Box Readers might clip and save "Just Off the Highway" features as they appear from time 2815, Princeton, N.J. 08540. to time, against the day they may travel the routes mentioned. * * In these edgy times, most everybody gets uneasy about his overall economic state. To reassure yourself, do what corporations do annually calculate your net worth. You can do it quite simply by making and com- paring these two lists:

(A) Assets 4. Other items of value, such as

1. Cash and its equivalent (bank an interest in a business. accounts, cash value of life insurance, savings bonds, etc.) (B) Liabilities 2. Home, other real estate and 1. Current debts (charge ac- household effects (car, fur- counts, unpaid taxes and in- nishings, boat, expensive surance premiums, etc.) power tools, cameras, etc.). 2. Long-term debts (balance of Calculate these at market mortgage, installment and value. personal loans).

3. Present value of securities Your net worth is the difference (stocks and bonds). between A and B. By Edgar A. Grunwald "Toonerville Trolley" takes sightseers around quaint old St. Mary's, Georgia. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 23 THE BETTVIAN ARCHIVE UTED BUGLE SOUNDS E 1976 DRAFT CALL

Above, wartime draft registration, 1917. Registration in 1976 is "standby procedure," overseen by Byron C. Pepitone (inset), Selective Service Director. The Selective Service System has drafted into the military since June opted to keep alive a skeleton system sounded a muted bugle call for 30, 1973. Presidential authority to that will continue to register youths 2 million American teen-agers next induct men has lapsed and cannot —-just in case. March 31. be renewed without Congressional Budget cuts in 1974 and 1975 have All boys born action. Military leaders insist their forced the Selective Service System in 1957, plus those recruiters are meeting all service to pare its staff and close draft of- born in 1956 who manpower requirements and that the fices across the country. When Presi- 1976 have not already all-volunteer force is capable of dent Ford ordered the one-day meeting the nation's current defense registration, Draft Director Byron registered, will commitments. Pepitone immediately appealed to the sign up with Se- But twice in this century, on en- American Legion for help. The Le- lective Service in try into WW1 and on the eve of gion responded with a resolution at a one- mammoth WW2, an unprepared United States its 1975 convention in Minneapolis day operation issued calls to arms that provoked pledging the physical and human re- reminiscent of the confusion. At the end of these two sources of the organization. Nat'l early WW2 period. conflicts (despite the vigorous pro- Cmdr. Harry G. Wiles has called on Some American Legion posts tests of the American Legion) draft all department commanders and ad- across the country will be among machinery was junked. There was jutants to coordinate plans with state the official registration stations. pressure again to scrap Selective Selective Service directors to make The registration is strictly a stand- Service after the bitter experience selected Legion posts and facilities by procedure. No youths have been of Vietnam, but this time Congress available as sign-up centers. The

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM Commander also has urged Legion- naires and members of the American Legion Auxiliary to volunteer as registrars. Volunteers will be trained by federal and state personnel. Pepitone estimates that each station can complete its registrations in a 12-hour span. The individual process is simple, he says, and can be completed in five minutes or less. Posts will be reimbursed by Selec- tive Service for housekeeping expenses. National Guard armories, manned by members of the National Guard Association and reservists, and posts of the Veterans of Foreign Wars also will be utilized for regis- Left, President Roosevelt watches as War Sec'y Stimson draws first number in 1940 trations. draft lottery, using system begun in 1917 (rt.), when War Sec'y Baker set it in motion. The principle of military conscrip- WIDE WORLD PHOTOS tion, first voiced in America by Mas- sachusetts' Pilgrim Colony, was adopted by the fledgling United States in 1792 when Congress passed the Militia Law, calling men for service in individual states. It was not a federal draft, but reflected early America's preference for strong state government and minimal control or interference from the federal level. This philosophy of decentral- ized conscription prevailed in Con- gress for more than 70 years. Even the Militia Act of 1862, a year after the outbreak of the Civil War, authorized President Abraham Lincoln to draft 300,000 men for service only in their home state militias and only for a period of nine Army-bound 18- and 19-year-olds at N.Y.'s Grand Central Palace in 1942 get months. briefed after induction. They're part of largest draft/volunteer force in U.S. history. The Confederate States of Amer- ica, also in 1862, authorized President Jefferson Davis to draft men for up to three years. The Union followed suit in the Draft Act of 1863, establishing what is generally considered to be the first federal draft in the history of the United States. The act expired shortly after the War Be- tween the States ended. The Union and Confederate drafts were plagued by scandal and bureau- cratic ineptitude. It was possible to purchase exemption from service. Riots flared in northern cities as young immigrants rebelled against These 400 draftees at Cooke, Calif. in 1950, are of the Cold inequalities and service in a war Camp members 1948 War draft act which was scrapped last April 1 and replaced by today's skeletal system. which many did not understand. And thousands of young men in both the under study in the mid-1930's in Service and Training Act of 1940 North and the South chose life in Washington's old War and Navy De- followed within three months and California or the western territories partment Building as war threatened was signed into law on Sept. 16, rather than face military service. again in Europe and the Far East. 1940, by President Franklin D. The principle of "selective service" (During those same years the Ameri- Roosevelt. emerged when the United States de- can Legion consistently called for On Oct. 16, 1940, Selective Service clared war on Germany, April 6, universal military training.) officials registered 16,632,746 men in 1917. Six weeks later, on May 18, After the fall of France in 1940, a one-day call. There were six sub- Congress ordered national registra- public apathy and opposition sud- sequent one-day registrations after tion and adopted the lottery system denly turned to alarm. A June Gallup the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. for deciding who would serve. Poll reported 72% of those ques- As in WW1, these early WW2 The 1917 Selective Service Act was tioned favored draft legislation to registrations utilized the nation's allowed to lapse at the end of WW1, mobilize a military force adequate general election machinery. State but its lessons and mechanics came to defend the nation. The Selective and county officials down to the

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 25 CONTINUED Muted Bugle Sounds The 1976 Draft Call precinct level handled the paperwork. A SALUTE TO GEN. HERSHEY They were paid regular election-day wages. Presidential draft authority was As plans were being shaped in allowed to expire again in late 1945, Washington this past November despite vehement Legion protests. for another nationwide draft regis- The veterans were right; Congress tration, the man most intimately as- was wrong; the postwar world sociated with the Selective Service proved to be an ominous one as System—a man who personally Soviet power threatened Europe and symbolizes the impact of the draft communist armies surged across on upwards of 25 million Americans China. The citizen army had gone —took a Veterans Day salute in Bir- home, volunteer enlistments were at mingham, Ala. low ebb and there was little to deter Gen. Louis B. Hershey, who di- red ambitions other than the Ameri- rected America's calls to arms from can atomic bomb. 1940 to 1973, received the 22nd an- ("In a world armed to the teeth nual National Veterans Award.

. . . we are completely and utterly A crusty old Hoosier, Hershey without an established program of gained a reputation over 33 years as national defense," charged John an unrelenting administrator in one Thomas Taylor, the Legion's eloquent of the military's most thankless po- national director for legislation. sitions. But, despite the stern ex- ("We of the American Legion be- terior, Hershey also won the affec- lieve that extension of Selective Ser- tion of thousands, even hundreds of vice is fundamental to our national thousands of veterans and their defense. ... To drop our guard, to families as a man who understood toss away our arms before the United well the traumatic impact of mili- Nations has so much as established tary life, the sudden upheavals, the a permanent headquarters is, in our import of an official government let- ." opinion, sheer folly. . . ter with the salutation: "Greetings." (One can only speculate on how Alabama Legionnaire Raymond been postwar history might have Weeks, one of the leaders in the Gen. Louis B. Hershey changed had Congress heeded the campaign that changed Armistice Legion. Day to Veterans Day in 1954 and years later General Eisenhower as (When the draft was suspended, the man who has built Birmingham's President was instrumental in chang- Legion reaction was bitter. annual observance into the nation's ing the name of the holiday. ("We lament the seeming unwill- No. 1 Veterans Day program, called Hershey never lost a farm boy's ingness of Congress to take a strong the award to General Hershey "one direct simplicity, despite the fact that and definite position on Selective Ser- of the most popular we have ever he was assigned to wrestle with prob- vice which will assure sufficient made. lems that affected millions. forces to preserve and protect the "It is a tribute to General Hershey "They took the boy outta Steuben

recently won victory . . . and likewise that he accepted a role in which he County, Indiana," Hershey once the tendency to temper Congressional was type-cast as a villain, and per- chuckled at a Washington awards action on national safety with formed with such fairness and un- dinner, "but they never could get election-year expediency," said Post derstanding that his audience—the Steuben County outta the boy." No. 1 of Wheeling, W. Va., in a typical American people—came to love and Hershey began soldiering as a pri- resolution of the day.) applaud him," said Weeks, who vate in the Indiana National Guard President Harry S. Truman reserved as Veterans Day chairman in 1911. He was a grade school sponded in 1948 with the North At- for the 29th time. teacher at the time. lantic Treaty Organization and called Some past recipients of the Bir- By 1916, when he was called to on Congress for a new Selective Ser- mingham award have included Gen. active duty on the Mexican Border, vice Act that would put teeth in the Charles Lindbergh, Gen. Omar Brad- he was a first lieutenant, a deputy latest American commitment to Eu- ley, Gen. Jimmy Doolittle, Gen. sheriff and principal of Steuben rope. The act was signed into law on Mark Clark, Gen. Lauris Norstad, County's Flint High School. Then June 24, 1948. It became the basis Col. Roscoe Turner, Gen. Lucius came WW1, service with the AEF for draft calls throughout the Cold Clay, Gen. David Sarnoff and Gen. in France and the decision to become War period and the Vietnam era. Jimmy Stewart. Adm. Thomas Moor- a professional soldier. He was intro- Under the act of 1948, men were er, retired chairman of the Joint duced to the problems of a draft in registered that year between August Chiefs of Staff, received the 1974 1936 when he was assigned to a 30 and September 18 in year-of-birth award. joint Army-Navy committee that de- groups. Two days were designated Birmingham established its Na- vised a standby Selective Service for the sign-up of each year-of-birth tional Veterans Day in 1946 with the System. Four years later President group. After these registrations help of General Eisenhower, who Franklin Roosevelt "drafted" the closed the gap between WW2 service was then Army Chief of Staff. Seven General to make it work. end and postwar eligibility, young men were required to register within a few days of their 18th birthday, end

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS to pour a little salad oil in it. The oil picked up by the line won't hurt and can be wiped off easily.

TABS from pop cans are used by Carl Nature's Costello of Plaquemine, La. as lure holders in his boat. He flattens them, tacks them ring-side down to the gun- report that our rarely it capture It Naturalists among can a live one. wale of the boat, hooks the lures country's wildlife are some of the also feeds on small mammals, and is through the rings. most unusual in the world. One is our said to have phenomenal three-mile common opossum, a marsupial carry- vision. Included in its diet are water- If you're a bow-shooter and lose too ing its young in a stomach pouch. fowl wounded by hunters. Most un- many arrows, Mrs. Gus McDonald of Almost 20 young are born, the size usual of all is its nest which, rebuilt Florence, Ala. has a remedy. Add a of bumble bees, virtually helpless. and added to year after year, can band of luminous paint around each With much effort they climb into the eventually weigh over a ton! Some- shaft, mark the spot where you think mother's pouch which contains about times it becomes so ponderous it you lost it, then go looking for it after 12 paps. The eight which arrive too topples the tree which supports it. dark; you'll have a better chance of late starve and die. Too weak to finding it. suckle, the survivors are force-fed by muscular contraction by the A project that will keep you from mother. Another unique animal is getting bored our water shrew which can walk on on a quiet winter night is suggested by Florencio water, made buoyant by air bubbles Gallegos of El Paso, Texas. Take out the large trapped in its hairy feet. Only a third clam shells you collected at the beach the size of a mouse, it is common last summer, and paint prey of marauding bass and pickerel. them with tempera colors. They'll There are misnomers, too; our jack make fancy ashtrays. rabbit and snowshoe rabbit are not Or bore a small hole in the end of each before rabbits but hares. Their young are painting, and hang a few of them together born with their eyes open in surface on a string for wind chimes. nests. Rabbits are born underground and are blind at birth. Most unusual is the brown white-sided jack rabbit SIMPLE way of popping corn on a camping trip has been discovered (hare) ; when alarmed, as it runs it by pulls its white-haired stomach skin Mrs. John Dutton of Algona, Iowa. from side to side, flashing a danger She pours the corn and oil on a large piece signal to its companions. Our antelope, of aluminum foil, shapes it into actually a pronghorn, has a similar a large pouch, leaving plenty of room for habit; it erects the long white hairs the corn when it's popped, then ties on its rump as it runs, resulting in a long stick to it and props it flashes of surprising brilliance. And over the campfire. A couple of small unlike true antelope or deer, both holes in the top allows any steam to sexes grow horns which they shed escape. and re-grow every year. "Don't knock it, Hurley ... I get HOME-MADE fish jig Our beaver has built-in ear stoppers my limit every time out." designed by which protect them under water. And Buck Landry of Worcester, Mass: cut when carrying a tree branch while THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE the handle off a teaspoon or table- submerged, it pulls together its lips spoon. Near the top in each end of the behind its teeth, sealing its throat so spoon drill a small hole, run a wire water can't enter. The porcupine, through both holes and twist into loops outside both ends, when threatened, erects its coat of DON'T carry all your keys on one one for the 30,000 needles and backs up to its ring when you go on your hunting line and the other for a hook. Then fill the spoon tin enemy, lashing its tail. The needles trip, warns Charles Hooker of Goshen, with pure solder. carry barbs which lie flat but auto- N.Y., a Legionnaire for 55 years. Lose Add feathers if desired. matically open when they enter the the ring and you lose them all. Carry attacker's hide. The eyes of an animal duplicates in different pockets. And EXCELLENT container for your fish- such as a cat or deer shine at night add luminous tabs; makes them easy ing tackle is your wife's discarded in a light because of a layer of gleam- to find at night with a light. over-the-shoulder pocketbook, writes ing guanin which forms on the backs Mike Hammond of Lewiston, Me. It's of the eyes during darkness. It FOR a mud-free boat, writes Marvin large enough, has lots of pockets and brightens the picture formed on each McNeilly of Lawndale, N.C., tie a compartments. eye's retina, providing night vision. burlap bag to the end of your moor- American eels spawn in the Carib- ing rope, lay it in front of the boat FOR your next patio picnic, advises bean's Sargossa Sea and hatch as so you can wipe your feet on it. Then Mrs. Archer Irvine of Marengo, 111., ordinary tiny fish. They are eel- drag it when you're moving and it line a wheelbarrow with heavy-duty shaped when they reach the coast. will wash clean. aluminum foil, dump in ice and cans The females travel far inland and of your favorite beverages, then cover grow large; the small males wait in AFTER you've cleaned and oiled the with another sheet of foil. It can be time the offshore waters. At spawning bore of your rifle or shotgun, advises self-service, the setup is movable, and the females return, are joined by the Michael Andalina of Niles, 111., al- the foil will keep out the heat. males, and head back to the Sargossa ways store the firearm with its Sea. Even snakes are unique; they muzzle-down. oil will Muzzle-up the If you have a helpful idea for this feature have no moveable eyelids, Their eyes run down into the action and collect send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you always remain open, even when they dust, might even freeze the action in $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- sleep. very cold weather. The handsome bald eagle, our na- turn, or enter into correspondence concern- tional emblem, is a most interesting AN easy way to keep your ice-fishing ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, critter. Technically, it is a sea eagle, hole from freezing over, according to The American Legion Magazine, 1345 Ave- preferring dead fish, as food, since Owen O'Neil of Wilbraham, Mass., is nue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 27 . , : —:

VETERANS A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH ARE NEWSLETTER OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU

DECEMBER, 1975

LEGION BACKS HOUSE MEASURE TO END differentiated from wartime benefits WARTIME G.I. BILL EDUCATION BENEFITS and administered by the Dep 't of Defense FOR PEACETIME ARMED FORCES MEMBERS: not by the Veterans Administration. The House of Representatives has voted 298-106 to end for peacetime members UNLESS CONGRESS ENACTS PENSION REFORM of the armed forces the educational 60,000 TO LOSE VA PENSIONS AND ANOTHER benefits of the G.I. Bill— a position 1.6 MILLION TO HAVE BENEFITS REDUCED: the Legion has sponsored since its 1974 As Veterans Newsletter v/ent to press 1 Miami Beach Nat 1 Convention. . .Here ' s the the House had just voted 400-1 on HR10355, gist of Legion mandates adopted then and a clean bill that would increase veter- a brief sketch of events up to this writing: ans pension program benefits by 8% and With the Southeast Asia hostilities raise income limitations by $300... terminated by the Paris Peace Agreement in Hopefully, this would save some 60,000 January 1973 (a) a formal end should be pensioners from going off the rolls in declared to the Vietnam War and (b) a January and another 1.6 million from having termination date should be set for certain benefits reduced as a result of the June wartime benefits available to peacetime 1975 Social Security increase ... The bill

members of the armed forces. . .On May 7, 1975 then went to the Senate which was reported

President Ford formally ended the Vietnam readying its own pension bill , thought to be War era and urged Congress to set G.I. considerably more liberal and closer in Bill termination dates. philosophy to the Legion's current

Then came the House bill (HR9576) , mandates on pension reform. adopted in early October and sent to the x The Legion has called for legislation

Senate ... It would : 1-end G.I. schooling for to create a ceiling or "umbrella" for pension

servicemen enlisting after Dec . 31, 1975 benefits that would be reducible by the (those in service before then still amount of annual income of pensioners that

eligible) ; 2-provide 45 months of is countable against pensions. . .Example educational entitlement to those veterans For single vets or widows without children,

who are basically entitled to 36 months and the ceiling would be $3 , 300 reduced by

include graduate study as well ; 3-end the amount of annual income. . .For married veterans preference for federal employment vets and widows with one child, the ceiling for persons entering service after May 7, would be $5,500—again reducible by the

1975 ; 4- terminate the entire G.I, education amount of annual income . . .For additional

program as of Dec. 51, 1987 ; 5-end the Pre- children the rate would be $264 more per

discharge Education Program under which year for each child. . .The $3,300 and $5,500 armed forces members now obtain some benefit levels were based on the 1960

schooling while in service ; and 6-continue Consumer Price Index. . .Translated into the G.I. Home Loan Program indefinitely 1975 dollars they'd more accurately including veterans who served from July reflect today's needs if set at $3,653 25, 1947 to June 27, 1950. and $6,089 respectively. As sponsor of the original WWII G.I. The Legion believes its plan would Bill of Rights—which was the model for 1-assure a level of income above the mini-

legislation to provide benefits for mum subsistence level ; 2-prevent veterans veterans of later wars— The American Legion and widows from having to turn to welfare

continues to advocate that vocational assistance ; 3-treat similarly circum-

readjustment and restoration of lost educa- stanced pensioners equally ; 4-provide tional opportunities be provided only to the greatest pension for those with the

those servicemen and women whose careers greatest needs ; and 5-guarantee regular are involuntarily interrupted or impeded by increases in pension which fully account reason of active duty in the armed forces for increases in the cost of living.

during periods of war or hostility . . If the Legion pension reform plan or Further, to aid them in attaining the voca- something similar isn't implemented, tional and educational status they aspired Congress will have to continue adopting to and would have attained had they not last-minute, stop-gap legislation similar

been mustered into service . . . The Legion to the House plan briefly noted in the believes these benefits should be reserved first paragraph. . .Affected VA pension- for wartime veterans and that any educa- ers could help themselves by contacting tional and vocational programs which may their Congressional representatives, be devised for members of the peacetime detailing their economic plight if pension military establishment should be clearly legislation is not soon enacted.

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 J AMERICAN LEGION NEWS AND VETERANS AFFAIRS

DECEMBER, 1975

Kansas City, Mo., Aug. 17-23, 1979. Legion Cancer Fund Drive • Some 1976 national meeting dates: Midwinter Washington Confer- ence, Feb. 29-Mar. 3 v/ith Banquet to 1 Heads For $ /z Million Mark the Congress on Mar. 2. Spring 1976 Nat'l Executive Committee Meeting, May 5-6 at Nat'l with national Nat'l Executive Committee meets in fall session as Legion Hq commissions and committees meeting cancer fund drive crosses $400,000 level; goal is $l million two days prior. Fall 1976 Nat'l Ex- ecutive Committee Meeting, Oct. 6-7 before January 1 976 and $4 million by Seattle Convention. preceded by two-day meeting of Com- manders & Adjutants and national com- The American Legion and Auxiliary's the $3.50 national dues will be allocated missions and committees on Oct. 4-5. national Cancer Fund Drive crossed the $.25 per member to the Nat'l Veterans $400,000 mark in October as the Na- Affairs & Rehabilitation Commission, Nat'l Commission Changes tional Executive Committee gathered at $1.50 to provide a one year's subscrip- The National Executive Committee National Headquarters in Indianapolis tion to this magazine and $1.75 per appointed chairmen and members to Oct. 8-9 under the chairmanship of member to the general fund. fill vacancies on 1975-76 national pol- Nat'l Cmdr Harry G. Wiles (Kans.) for Among other resolutions adopted icy bodies. Here is a list of the na- its annual fall meeting sessions which were those which called for: legislation — tional chairmen whose appointments were preceded by a two-day conference to provide automatic adjustments in were approved. COMMISSIONS are in of the Legion's Department Command- monthly disability compensation pay- capital letters with committees and ers and Adjutants and national commis- ments in response to cost-of-living in- other divisions of commissions printed sions and committees. (A Digest of creases and an investigation of the in italics. Resolutions adopted and a list of chair- Dep't of Labor's Manpower Adminis- AMERICANISM: Daniel J. O'Con- men appointed to national commissions tration for possible non-compliance nor, N.Y.; Counter-Subversive Activi- follows this story.) with legislation designed to provide ties, J. E. Martie, Nev.; Americanism For themselves and their posts and employment assistance for veterans. Council, Albert H. Woessner, N.Y. departments the Committeemen con- Other items of general interest: AMERICAN LEGION MAGA- tributed more than $3,500 on the spot • Deputy Sec'y of Defense William ZINE: Benjamin B. Truskoski, Conn. as they backed the Legion's all-out ef- P. Clements, Jr., addressed the National CHILDREN & YOUTH: Earl D. fort to raise a "minimum" of $1 million Executive Committee Banquet on Wed., Franklin, Jr., Colo.; New England Area, before 1975 fades from the picture, Oct. 8 and gave Committeemen a Pen- Matthew P. Salva, Conn.; Middle At- with the ultimate goal of at least $4 tagon eye view of the world situation, lantic Area, Clyde C. Ferguson, Va.; million by the 1976 National Conven- calling it "the most dangerous era Southern Area, Harold Jinks, Ark.; tion in Seattle, Wash. since the 1930's." Mid-western Area, Elmer Fuhrhop, A major business of the Committee • The Nat'l Convention Commission Ohio; Western Area, Robert A. Gish, concerned allocation of the $1.00 na- listed the following tentative recom- Wyo. tional per capita dues increase which mendations for future national conven- CONVENTION: Lawrence E. Hoff- was adopted at the recent Minneapolis tions: Denver, Colo., Aug. 19-25, 1977; man, Fla.; Contests Supervisory, Dem- Nat'l Convention. After June 30, 1976 New Orleans, La., Aug. 18-24, 1978; ing Smith, S.D.; Distinguished Guests, Maurice E. Druhl, Ore. ECONOMIC: Al Keller, Jr., 111.; Em- ployment, Merrick W. Swords, Jr., La.; Veterans Preference, A.B. Fennell, S.C. FINANCE: Churchill T. Williams, Iowa; Life Insurance & Trust, Albert V. LaBiche, La.; Emblem, Clayton C. Schlick, Iowa; Overseas Graves Deco- ration Trust, Nat'l Cmdr Harry G. Wiles, Kans. FOREIGN RELATIONS: Robert P. Foster, Mo.; Foreign Relations Council, Martin T. Jansen, Wis. INTERNAL AFFAIRS: John M. Carey, Mich.; Constitution & By-Laws, Francis L. Giordano, N.Y.; Member- ship & Post Activities, William F. Gormley, Pa.; Resolutions Assignment, Alex M. Geiger, S.C; Trophies, Awards & Ceremonials, Daniel A. Drew, Pa. LEGISLATIVE: Frank I. Hamilton, Natl Cmdr Wiles and Aux'y Pres. Schanel thank Committee for Cancer Drive support Ind. (Continued on page 32

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 29 Department Commanders,1975-76

The American Legion Depart- ment Commanders and National Executive Committeemen for the 1975-76 term are shown on these facing pages. The Commanders were elected by Department Conventions in the late spring or summer of 1975 and serve for one year. The Committeemen are elected in the same manner but their term of service is two years. The National Commander, the five National Vice Commanders

Larry Lahaie J. Dale Madsen Herbert W. Reed Sam T. A. Crawford Richard C. Calahan Jack L. Miller Bud A. Mautz Ralph D. Asbridge Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming National Executive Committeemen ,1975-76

and the National Chaplain are also members of the policy-making body with the Commander serving as Chairman. In addition, all living Past National Commanders are life members of the Committee with a voice but no vote. The 58 Legion Departments include the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Panama Canal Zone, Mexico, Canada, the Philippines, Italy and France.

Frank C. Bottigliero U. S. "Udie" Grant Harry A. Greene, Jr. Robert Charles Smith James A. McMahon Jack E. Dyke Robert W. Groccia Gordon A. Ballantyne Italy Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Mexico

Clayton Mann E. Christoffersen H. Carlyle Lawson Arthur J. Waldron James H. Ashcraft James T. Anderson Texas Utah Vermont Washington West Virginia Wyoming NEWS

NATIONAL SECURITY: Emmett Commemorative Replica G. Lenihan, Wash.; Aerospace, Noah Still Available L. Smalley, Fla.; Defense Civil Pre- paredness, Stacey A. Garner, Term.; Redistribution of the 1975 American Law & Order, W. Dudley Robbins, Legion's Commemorative Bottle, a N.C.; Merchant Marine, William D. unique Bicentennial package never Horan, N.Y.; Military Affairs, John J. again to be reproduced, has been com- Wrenn, Mass.; Nat'l Security Council, pleted by the Seagram Distillers Co., Granville S. Ridley, Tenn. and they are available in practically PUBLIC RELATIONS: CD. De- every state in limited supply. The Sea- Loach, D.C. gram Salute to The American Legion, VETERANS AFFAIRS & REHA- featured at the Minneapolis Nat'l Con- BILITATION: W.F. Lenker, S.D.; Area vention and made of china emblazoned A, John A. Bendoraitis, Conn.; Area B, with 24 carat gold, contains a fifth of Garland D. Bloodsworth, Del.; Area C, Seagram's Benchmark bourbon which Ernest Gober, Ark.; Area D, Albert J. makes a fine holiday season gift item Sommer, Neb.; Area E, G.H. Woods, for both individual Legionnaires and Ariz. Nat'l Cemetery, Carl L. Lund- posts. To procure one or more, contact gren, Minn. your local store outlets, post bars, Sea- Digest of Resolutions gram's representatives or American Legion Dep't Adjutants in liquor con- Here is a digest of resolutions adopted trolled states. at the fall 1975 meeting of the Legion's National Executive Committee. Identi- fying numbers are in parentheses. mast for a one-week period in tribute to authorized Legion delegates and officials POW-MIA'S of the Vietnam War. (25) from foreign departments. (27) • Allocates the $1.00 national per capita • Urges that English language continue to • Dissolves The American Legion-National dues increase mandated at the Minneapolis be stressed as the prime language in all Education Association Joint Committee. (6) Nat'l Convention to become effective June U.S. schools. (26) • Affiliates The American Legion with the 30, 1976. From that point on, the $3.50 na- • Urges changes in method of computing National Action for Foster Children Com- tional per capita dues will be allocated retired pay of certain enlisted military re- mittee. (4) thusly: $.25 per member to the Nat'l Vet- tirees so that National Guard and Reserve • Revises The American Legion Retirement erans Affairs and Rehabilitation Commis- service may be included. (16) Plan for employees in accordance with the sion; $1.50 to provide a one year's subscrip- • Urges that officers and men be advised "Employee Retirement Income Security Act tion to The American Legion Magazine; and on entering military service that they do of 1974." (2) $1.75 per member to the general fund of not have legal representation as Reserve • Creates a Paul H. Griffith National The American Legion. (1) members and urges enactment of law to R.O.T.C. Trophy. (21) • Seeks legislation to provide automatic provide legal defense and indemnification • Authorizes contest rules for the 1976 adjustments in VA monthly disability com- for all members of the Reserve components National Convention. (23) pensation payments in response to cost-of- in both civil and criminal prosecutions aris- • Authorizes issuance of temporary charters living increases. (3) ing out of the performance of military to: Posts 76 and 79, West Germany, Dep't of • Seeks comprehensive investigation of the duty. (15) France, (22, 7); Posts 88, 90, 91. 93, 94, 96, Manpower Administration, Dep't of Labor, • Opposes changes for qualifications of can- 97 in the Dep't of Philippines, (8, 9, 10, 11, for possible non-compliance with legislation didates for the office of President and Vice 12, 13, 14). designed to provide employment assistance President. (5) • Asks approval to reimburse The American for veterans. (20) • Authorizes use of certain American Le- Legion for life insurance expenses. (17) • Urges all citizens to fly U.S. Flag daily gion Life Insurance Funds in the American • Establishes a subscription rate for "Salu- during national Bicentennial observance. (24) Legion Baseball program. (18) tations," publication of the Sons of The • Urges that the U.S. Flag be flown at half- • Adjusts transportation payment rates for American Legion. (19)

Homecoming Celebration For National Commander Wiles at Overland Park, Kans. JOHN ANDREOLA Hundreds of Legionnaires from around the nation—some of them from overseas—journeyed to Kansas to take part in that department's Official Home- coming for National Commander Harry G. Wiles at Overland Park, near Kan- sas City on Oct. 3-5, just prior to the Legion's Fall Meetings at National Headquarters in Indianapolis. During their brief stay the visitors toured the Truman Library at Inde- pendence, Mo., and Kansas City's newly-built Crown Center hotel complex, probable site for housing of the Legion's 1979 National Convention. In photo near right, two Legionnaires, one of them National Chaplain Claude E. Smithmier, pause near a portrait of the late President at the library named in his honor. At far right, Congresswoman Martha Keys (Kans.), from Nat'l Cmdr Wiles' own district, addresses Homecoming Banquet audience. Nat'l Cmdr Wiles also recounted experiences and impres- sions gathered on his recent fact-finding and diplomatic tour of the Far East.

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 Ohio Dep't Title Trapshoot City Nat'l Shrines Associates, Inc., and from 5,000 to 15,000 pounds; a modi- the Bill of Rights Commemorative So- fied or hot rod class (5,000 and 7,000); At the 1975 Annual Trapshoot of the ciety, Inc., as co-sponsors. The United and small stock garden tractors. There Legion Dep't of Ohio, Post 181, Bucy- States Flag Foundation, The American were 33 entries in all. rus, was the host post and won the Revolution Bicentennial Commission State Championship, scoring 460 X 500. and the Office of the Mayor of the City Post 1 8 1 's winning team is shown in the of New York co-operated. photo. L. to rt., standing: Donald Jones, The Armed Forces were represented James Gould, Robert Heffelfinger, by the Commanding Officers in the James Starner. Kneeling is Jerry Teyner. Metropolitan area and color guards, in- This post also won the Parent-Child cluding the Fort Hamilton Ceremonial (James and Jerry Starner, 190 X 200), Group, attired as Continental Army and Jerry won the Son-or-Daughter of soldiers. Legion Member under 18 (94 X 100). Mr. Rowland spoke of the success of Runner-up for the State title was the Freedom Train, now touring the Post 368, Prospect, with 456 X 500 Past Post Cmdrs parade in historic area. country, and complimented the Legion scored by William Cramer, B. Landor, for its contribution of the Freedom Carrying a corner of this Bennington D. Van Brimmer, J. Pool, and Irvin Bell that is on the train. This bell, at Flag, dressed in a Colonial uniform, is Senff. the end of the Freedom Train journey Jack Streeter, who is blind. He is one next July in New York City, will be- of 22 Past Cmdrs. of Post 233, Glens come a gift to the children of the na- Falls, N.Y., who staged a parade tion and placed in a prominent site in through the area, which is rich in Colo- Washington. nial history of the French-Indian and Among those attending were N.Y. Revolutionary Wars. Others shown are Dep't Cmdr Chris Jenkins and Oliver (1. to rt.) Elwood Wagner, Nicholas Troster, Past Post 1217 Cmdr and Lynch and Earl Sharland. Nat'l Co-ordinator and Past Cmdr, Re- treads, Inc., veterans who served in George Davis, Legionnaire of Post 274, WW1 and also in WW2. Steubenville, Ohio, scored a sixth- place finish in the United Golfers Air Force Title Wins Chess Assoc. 1975 Open A strong Air Force chess team won International Golf the 16th annual Armed Forces chess Championship held championship tournament, held in the Post 181, Bucyrus: Trap Shoot champs at Pine Ridge Legion's Hall of Flags, Washington, Municipal Golf from The 2-Man team winners came D.C. Air Force amassed 54Vi points, Course, on Loch Post DeGraff, with Jack Comer 652, trailed by Army with 37 and the Sea Raven, in Balti- and Lafe Grube, 191 X 200. Lafe took Services (Navy, Marine Corps, Coast more, Md. Davis the 21-22-Yard H'cap with 49 50. X Guard) with 16^. George Davis finished with a Ernest and Eva Acord, Post 436, Green- Air Force Sgt. Charles Unruh, en- score of 309 strokes on his rounds of town, the and Wife, 181 won Husband route from Ramstein AB, Germany, to 72-79-76-82 over the par 72 course. X 200 and Eva was top Lady with 89 X duty at Okla., new Tinker AFB, won The title and $2,000 went to PGA tour- 100. The Over-All winner was Klemm the individual title, winning IOV2 points pro Charles Owens with 283. Ungemach, Jr., Post 71, Roseville, 99 in the 12 rounds of play. Air Force X 100. He also won the 16 yard, 50 X Capt. Robert Bond, Patrick AFB, Fla., Over 100 disadvantaged Topeka, Kans., 50 in a shootoff. finished a half point below Unruh. youths attended a Federal funded pro- H. Martin, Post 64, Marietta, tri- At the traditional Chess Awards gram whose aim was to help keep the umphed in the 18-20-Yard H'cap, 49 X Party, held in the Hall of Flags with youths off the streets and teach them 50. Fred Yuncker, Post 257, Loudon- the American Chess Foundation and competitive skills in basketball, base- ville, was the top Veteran, 82 X 100. The American Legion as co-hosts, the ball, football, tennis, track and swim- The 23-27-Yard H'cap went to CM. Thomas Emery Memorial Trophy was ming. These sports were taught by Zent, Post 368, Prospect, 46 X 50, and presented to Maj. Gen. Bennie L. Davis, specialists in each field. The youths the Visitor title went to Al Van Horn, Air Force member of the Honorary were picked up each morning by bus at Findlay, 95 X 100. Committee for the 1975 Tournament. five local points, taken to Forbes Air Helen Senff, Marengo, won the Rem- George Koltanowski, San Francisco, Base for the activities, and returned ington 870 TB Shotgun Drawing. There president of the U.S. Chess Federation, each afternoon. They also attended a were 140 entries from 26 posts in the was the principal speaker on the Awards Kansas City Royals game, Starlight competition. program. American Legion Past Nat'l Theater and Worlds-of-Fun in Kansas Cmdr John E. Davis and American City. These trips were the first time Freedom Train Founder Chess Foundation Executive Secretary some of them had ever been out of the Sidney Wallach, of New York, spoke Honored in New York city of Topeka. Program Director was for the host organizations. The founder of the American Free- Grant Cushinberry, Topeka Post 319 dom Train, Ross Rowland, Jr., a Le- Cmdr. The final day, the youths were gionnaire of Bernardsville, N.J., was POSTS IN ACTION bused to the Gage Park Zoo, where the 33rd recipient of the Bill of Rights Post 68, Geneva, Neb., sponsored a they toured the Zoo, rode the train, & Defense Gold Medal Award of Wall tractor-pulling contest at the Fillmore and went swimming. Each child Street Post 1217, New York, N.Y. County 100th Anniversary Fair. Cash brought his own lunch with pop being The presentation was made on a his- and trophies were awarded as prizes. furnished each day, except for the final toric site, Federal Hall Nat'l Memorial, There were three classes of competi- day when the complete lunch was fur- at Nassau and Wall Sts., with New York tion: stock farm tractor with weights nished. Each youth received a tee-shirt

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 33 NEWS with "Inter-City T.R.C.-75 Sport PEOPLE IN THE NEWS (fun-making unit of Legion Adjutants, Camp" on the front. James G. Dunton, long-time Legion- past and present) for 1975-76. naire and Special Representative of The American Chess Foundation, honored DEATHS Carlton E. Fisk, of the Boston Red Sox, by the Legion for his work in the An- as the 1975 American Le- Samuel L. Latimer, Jr., was selected nual Armed Forces Chess Tournament. 83, Columbia, gion Baseball Graduate of the Year. He S.C., a Legion Past Nat'l In the Legion's Washington Hq, Past Vice Cmdr played Legion Baseball for Post 37, (1945-46), Past Dep't Nat'l Cmdr John E. Davis, represent- Cmdr (1956), Bellows Falls, Vt., before turning pro- Past Nat'l Executive Committeeman ing Nat'l Cmdr Harry G. Wiles, pre- fessional in 1967. The award to Fisk (1941-45), and vice chairman the sented Dunton with a small model of of will be made during the 1976 major Legion's Public Relations Commission The American Legion Freedom Bell. league baseball season. He was a star from 1964 until his death. From an of- in the recent World Series. fice boy's job, he rose to be chief editor Marion Johnson, assistant Dep't Adju- and publisher of the Columbia, S.C., tant of Iowa, new Dep't Adjutant of newspaper, The State. retired Idaho, succeeding Eugene V. Hall- He in 1961 as editor emeritus. was jury strom, who resigned. He a member for Pulitzer Prizes for journalism for eight years. For 20 years Hugo Flores, Albuquerque, N.M., new he served as a civilian aide to Dep't Adjutant for New Mexico. the Secre- tary of War (later Secretary of the Army), and was awarded the Army's DeHaven Woodcock, Chicago, 111., Le- Distinguished Service Medal, the high- gionnaire, appointed director of de- est civilian award the Army can give. ferred giving for Illinois Institute of Technology. A former president of the Bob Considine, 68, York, N.Y., Chicago Society of Fund Raising Ex- New journalist, author, and radio and ecutives, he had been director of the TV commentator; he was given the Le- A Police Post that has a family flavor Nebraska Resource Development Pro- gion's 2nd Annual "Good Guy" award gram, a consortium of six Nebraska One of the many "family" posts in the at the 1971 Nat'l Convention in Hous- educational and health care facilities. Legion is the William E. Sheridan ton. He was working on a story of Police Post 1059, Brooklyn, N.Y. In American Legion Baseball when he suf- Rep. Norman F. Lent, left in photo, the photo are (1. to rt.) Cuthbert J. fered a stroke. Legionnaire of East Rockaway, N.Y., Behan, Sr. (WW1), retired po- NYC received a 20th Anniversary Com- lice lieutenant; his grandson, Cuthbert Lawrence L. Antonelli, 52, Portland, memorative plaque presented to him in J. Behan 3rd (Vietnam), police ser- Ore., Alt. Nat'l Executive Committee- Washington, D.C., by a delegation of geant, Dover, Del.; and his son, Cuth- man, Past Dep't Cmdr (1968-69). Members of the South Korean Nat'l bert J. Behan, Jr. (WW2), police Assembly. The Korean legislators, all lieutenant, Nassau County, N.Y. Also Paul R. Greenaway, 65, Miami, Fla., veterans of the Korean War, visited members of Post 1059 are Viet Vets long-time member of the Legion's Dis- Washington to honor Members of Con- Terrance and Thomas Behan, grand- tinguished Guests Committee and Nat'l gress who served in the Korean Con- sons. Public Relations Commission. A vet- flict during the 1950s. Congr. Lent eran of Navy serivce in in the served then as a Navy lieutenant. WW2 Pacific aboard USS Subchaser 755, he had long been associated with Florida American Legion Life Insurance Power & Light Co. in advertising and Month Ending Sept. 30, 1975 public relations. Benefits paid Jan. 1-Sept. 30, 1975.$ 1,688,915 Benefits paid since April 1958 19,395,857 Basic units in force (number) 151,784 Frank N. Sawyer, Weare, N.H., Past New Applications approved since Jan. 1, 1975 4.514 Dep't Adjutant (1923-63). New Applications declined 1,178 New Applications suspended (applicant failed to return Howard E. Reed, 82, Loveland Colo., health form) 680 Nat'l Executive The American Legion Life Insurance is an Past Committeeman official program of the American Legion, (1933-35), Past Dep't Cmdr (1930-31). adopted by the National Executive Com- mittee, 1958. It is decreasing term insurance, issued on application to paid-up members of Allian Viallon, Port Allen, The American Legion subject to approval Arthur 61, based on health and employment statement. La., Past Dep't Cmdr (1966-67). Effective Jan. 1, 1976, death benefits range from $60,000 (6 units through age 29, 25 in Korea remembers a U.S. veteran. Ohio) in decreasing steps to $125 (V-> unit at Beaver, age 75 or over). Previously, maximum was Joseph Anthony Manzione, 4 units. This protection is available through- Frank J. Brown, Jr., Past Cmdr Post Utah, Past Dep't Cmdr (1957-58). out life, as long as the annual premium is paid, the insured remains a member of The 24, Canton, Mass., Veteran's Agent American Legion, and the Plan stays in ef- Majori, York, N.Y., for- fect. Available up to six units at a flat rate for the town, selected as the 1975 Out- Anthony New of $24 per unit a year on a calendar year standing Municipal Employee of the merly for many years the stock clerk basis, pro-rated during the first year at $2 a month per unit for insurance approved year by the Massachusetts League of and messenger for The American Le- after January 1. Underwritten by two commercial life insurance companies, the Occi- cities and towns. "Buddy," a disabled gion Magazine in New York. dental Life Insurance Co. of California and veteran of WW2, has long been known United States Life Insurance Co. in the City of New York. American Legion Life Insur- for his devotion to the veteran and John D. O'Connor, 85, Post 2, Killar- ance and Trust Fund is managed by trustees operating under the laws of Missouri. No his family. ney, Ireland, who founded The Ameri- other insurance may use the full words can Legion in Ireland in February "American Legion." Administered by The American Legion Life Insurance Division, Hubert S. O'Neil, Concord, N.H., Dep't 1951. He was Post 2's adjutant and P.O. Box 5609, Chicago, Illinois 60680, to which write for further details. Adjutant, named "King" of the Steivos service officer.

34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 LIFE Gordon E. Sears and James J. Barry (both OUTFIT MEMBERSHIPS 1975) Post 326, Lake Placid, NY REUNIONS The award of a life membership to a Le- William A. Walter, Ronald Smith and Reunion will be held in month indicated. gionnaire by a Post is a testimonial by those Msgr. John J.McCallen (all 1975) Post 488, For particulars write person whose address who know best that such a member has Monroe, N.Y. is given. served The American Legion well. Sheldon E. Beadle and Franklin Strobel Notices accepted on official forms only. Below are listed some of the previously (both 1975) Post 576, LeRoy, NY For form send stamped, addressed return unpublished life membership Post awards Matthew H. Kawiak (1975) Post 782, Roch- envelope to O. R. Form, American Legion that have been reported to the editors. They ester, N.Y. Magazine, 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New are arranged by States or Departments. George A. Danko, Thomas Brady (both York, N.Y. 10019. Notices should be received Leland R. Cureton, Fred S. Foord, Mark 1968) and Jacob Algranati (1975) Post 783, at least five months before scheduled re- M. Walker (aU 1970) and Charles Zanella New York, N.Y. union. No written letter necessary to get J. Stewart, Eugene A. Drumm form. (1974) Post 174, Willits, Calif. Edward Morris H. Rabinowitz (all 1975) Post Earliest Alfred Nichthauser (1975) Post 74, Fair- and submission favored when volume 1008, N.Y. field, Conn. New York, of requests is too great to print all. Laverne Bleiler Douglas R. Graham Bert J. Palmer William F. Miller, (1971), (1962), and George A. Van Natta (deceased) (both Arthur P. Miller (both 1972) and Stephen ARMY Goodrich Post Richey, 1975) Post 1624, Nichols, N.Y. (1968) 79, New Port 2nd Div (July) Anthony Luongo, 121-38 Fla. Helen D. Haslett, William H. Haslett, Wil- — ford C. Keeler, LeRoy V. Mclvor and Hugh 238th St., Laurelton, N.Y. 11422 Ed Bahret (1975) Post 159, Venice, Fla. A. McPhail (all 1975) Post 101, Portland, Ore. 3rd Arm'd Div (July) Corrigan, Alfred la. DeBella (1975) Post 257, No. — Paul 38 Ex- Miami Beach, Fla. Raymond Gordon, Walter C. Gordon, Her- change St., Lynn, Ma. 01901 Nicholas J. Hugo Gersten, Walter E. Griep, Edward man P. Hohl, John Neely and 8th Arm'd Div— (July) Henry Rothenberg, Rochester, Pa. Haines, Joe Haines and Haskell W. Harr Rothart (all 1975) Post 498, 134 N. LaSalle St., Chicago, 111. 60602 Jack Bruzas, Willard Davis, Robert Dud- (all 1975) Post 155, Harvey, 111. 10th Arm'd Div (Western Chap)—(May) John ick (all 1970), Charles Evans and Fred Evans Thomas Larkin (1975), Post 237, Oglesby, Groeling, 3130 Lama Ave., Long Beach, Illinois (both 1971) Post 908, Scranton, Pa. Calif. 90808 Samuel B. Grayson, Joseph M. Harnois, Harry M. Moser, and Marvin E. Gilbert 11th Arm'd Alfred Pfeiffer, 2328 Normand E. Harnois and Fremont Lanoue Div—(Aug) (both 1975) Post 788, Chicago, 111. Admiral St., Aliquippa, Pa. 15001 (all 1975) Post 86, Cumberland, R.I. Delbert L. Johannsen (1975) Post 152, 30th Div— (July) Saul Solow, 42 Parkway Sutherland, Iowa George W. Miles (1975) Post 104, Colum- bia, Tenn. Dr., Syosset, N.Y. 11791 Robert Tracey (1964), Harry Schwartz J. West and Kenneth N. West 31st Chem Co (July) Rex Miller, 632 Dor- (1970), Philip Mayeaux (1974) and Joseph Raymond — Blaine, bert Dr., Munith, Mich. 49259 Rotolo (1975) Post Jefferson, La. (both 1975) Post 86, Wash. 267, Roscoe H. Everett Ingham 33rd Sta John King, Sr. (1975), Clare McGlauflin Cunningham, Hosp (WW2)— (July) Robert Shertz, (both 1974), Lewis E. Kine (1973), Rolf L. 232 Prospect St., Lancaster, Pa. 17603 (1972) and Joseph Tardy (1971) Post 105, Newport, Me. Nelson and Joseph G. Waddill (both 1975) 45th Sig Co (WW2, Korean)—(Aug) Phil John T. Dodson, John M. Rausch (both Post 202, Tacoma, Wash. Prigmore, 518 Flynn, Alva, Okla. 73717 William E. Reynolds and George F. Wash- 1975), Meese L. Rider and Douglas C. Ros- 47th Inf, 3rd Bn, Co B, 3rd Platoon (Viet- ington (both 1975) Post 13, Clarksburg, W. signol (both 1974) Post 86, Rockville, Md. nam)—(Apr) John Linus, 6112 Bustleton Ernest E. Thomas, Gideon Forten, Elwin Va. Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. 19149 Edward W. Rybicki and Clement J. Fal- H. Norris, Wm. J. McMahon, Sr., Henry N. 65th Div (Aug) Fred Cassata, 123 Dorches- kowski (both 1975) Post 2, Milwaukee, Wis. — Junior (all 1975) Post 64, Middleboro, Mass. ter Rd., Buffalo, N.Y. 14213 William Gonsal Leaverett Folkins Life are accepted for pub- (1971), Memberships 75th Ord (Manila, P.I.) —(Apr) D. Mahoney, (1972), Frederick Hagberg (1973), Salvatore lication only on an official form, which we 846 Lewis Dr., Daytona Beach, Fla. 32017 Cusenza (1974) and Melvin provide. Reports received only from Com- Adducci (1975) 88th Div (Aug) Peter Montagnoli, 5246 Bix- Post 78, Dorchester, Mass. mander, Adjutant or Finance Officer of Post — ler Ave., Lakewood, Calif. 90712 Henry A. Crawford and Farrell B. Trayers which awarded the life membership. (both 1975) Post 290, Boston, Mass. They may get form by sending stamped, 94th CAAA, Bat A (WW2)— (June) Walter Charles Currie, Donald Watson (both 1974), self-addressed return envelope to: Schwider, 141 Ferriwood Dr., Naperville, Robert Hinger and James Hopson (both "L.M. Form, American Legion Magazine, 111. 60540 1975) Post 346, Farmington, Mich. 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, 94th Div— (July) Ross Jordan, P.O. Box 480, Richard J. McDonald and Felix W. Ratoff N.Y. 10019." Batavia, 111. 60510 (both 1974) Post 3, Nashua, N.H. On a corner of the return envelope write 101st Coast Art'y Bn AAAW— (July) Eric Henry Cairoli, Steve L. Kosa and Joseph the number of names you wish to report. No Norris, 1942 Cedar Canyon Dr., N.E., At- S. Turk, Jr. (all 1974) Post 446, Alpha, N.J. written letter necessary to get forms. lanta. Ga. 30345

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Reunions, Cont'd 748th Eng Base Equip Co— (June) Jared USS Mitchell (DE43 WW2)— (July) Harry Outfit Johnson, 1733 Asbury Ave., Evanston, 111. Romas, 77 Massapequa Ave., Massapequa, 60201 NY 11758 103rd. Barrage Balloon Bat VLA Sep (July) — 888th Ord HAM Co— (June) Frank Cardinal, USS Quapaw (ATF 110, WW2) (July) Jaworski, 5643 Birchwood. Dr., — William 2669 Valley Dr., Saginaw, Mich. 48603 Thomas Beynon, P.O. Box 311, Divernon, N.Y. 14085 Lakeview, 932nd Field Art'y Bn, Serv Bat^(June) 111. 62530 104th Cav, Tp C—(May) John Renninger, Lamar Triplett, Nashville Reg. Eye Bank, USS Smith (DD378)— ( July) Maurice Martin, Pa. 19464 Winding Rd., Pottstown, Suite 544, Medical Arts Bldg., Nashville, 4907 33rd Ave., Kenosha, Wis. 53140 Tisanich, 104th Ord MM Co— (July) Joseph Tenn. 37212 USS Stockham (DD683 (July) Stan- Philadelphia, Pa. 19135 WW2)— 6728 Marsden St., 997th Field Ar'y Bn (June) George Bates, ton Halvorson, 108 Jefft 'son, West Union, (June) Raymond McGee, 107 W. — 106th Cav— Rte #1, Box 58, Oskaloosa, Kans. 66066 Iowa 52175 Franklin St., Urbana, 111. 61801 1257th C Eng Bn— (July) Charles Brunson, USS Wyoming (1917-19)— (Aug) Royal Cham- Art'y Bn, Serv Bat— (Aug) Donn 107th Field 3404 Linden St., Pine Bluff, Ar. 71601 berlin, P.O. Box 355, Longwood, Fla. 32750 PL, Sarasota, Fla. Daniels, 5749 Volsella 3032 QM Bakery Co (Mobile Special)— (July) USS Yorktown (VF42)— (May) Harold Mil- (July) William 118th Sig Radio Intel Co— George Andry, 444 Giacomo, Norco, La. ton, 553 Laughlin Rd. W., Stratford Conn. Yahnert, 4869 Georgette St., No. Olmsted, 70079 06497 Ohio 44512 3344th QM Truck Co— (Aug) Kenneth Burch, AIR 119th Inf, Co G (WW2)— (July) Richard Bicknell, Ind. 47512 Earll, Box 288, Union City, Pa. 16438 7th Bomb Gp H— (June) Morris Ribbler, 120th Sta Hosp (WW2)— (July) Herman Mai- NAVY 1912 Hazel Ave., Kettering, Ohio 45420 sel, 10925 Bales, Kansas City, Mo. 64137 10th Tp Carrier Sqdn— (July) John Diaman- 125th AAA— (July) E. Ballert, Box 585, 5th Marine Div— (July) R. Dibelka, 3708 takos, 7216 Pine Tree Lane, Fairfield, Ala. Bryan, Ohio 43506 Emeline #109, Omaha, Neb. 68147 35064 126th Inf, Mach Gun Co (WW1)— (July) John 6th Naval District Shore Patrol (WW2) 20th Air Force—(Mar-June-Aug) R. Keenan, Wiarda, 2064 Godwin, S.E., Grand Rapids, (July) Harold Ross, 955 Ninth Ave., Brack- P.O. Box 5534, Washington, D.C. 20016 Mich. 49507 enridge, Pa. 15014 30th Depot Repair Sqdn—(May) John Mc- 147th Field Art'y, Bat E (WW2)— (July) 7th Seabees— ( July) Daniel LaHaye, 609 Fifth Bride, 520 Spruce Ave., Maple Shade, N.J. Leonard Lubbers, 817 Pine St., Yankton, St., Mamou, La. 70554 08052 S. Dak. 57078 17th Seabees (WW2)— (June) Dr. Kent King, 63rd Sta Complement Sqdn (WW2)— (June) 155th Inf, Co G— (July) Willie Atkins, 213 103 Thayer Ave., Mankato, Mn. 56001 Kenneth Kerber, 2332 W. Belmont, Chicago, Inzer St., Pontotoc, Miss. 38863 ABSD #1— (July) W. Herman, 225 Terra Dr., 111. 60618 172nd Sta Hospital (WW2)— (June) Dr. Ed- Topeka, Ks. 66609 65th Ftr Sqdn— (July) Charles Linder, 5 mund Janies, 126 No. Locust, Centralia, 111. Cub 7 G-6 (New Guinea)— (Feb) Elbert Candle Rd., Levittown, Pa. 19057 197th AAA AW Bn (WW2)— (July) James Sanders, 917 So. 7th Ave., Edinburg, Tex. 70th Serv Sqdn (WW2)— (July) Clark Titus, Pagano, Sr., 383 Benham Hill Rd., W. 78539 12001 Oakwood Dr., Austin, Tex. 78753 Haven, Conn. 06516 Marine Ftr Sqdn (VMF451)— ( June) John 90th Bomb Gp H— (July) Tom Fetter, 133V2 222nd AAA SI Bn— (June) Chalmer Hinton, McCalla, 205 W. Ave., Jenkintown, Pa. 19046 E. Center St., Marion, Ohio 43302 4308 Burdine St., Bossier City, La. 71010 VP83— (June) Edward Krug, 363 Cornell 109th AACS Sqdn— (June) Joseph Pellizzi, 5 223rd FA Bn (Illinois NG)—(March or Apr) Ave., Des Plaines, 111. 60016 Requinn St., New London, Ct. 06320 3837-10th Ave., PI., Moline, (July Joseph William Wilsey, USS Aaron Ward (DM34)— ) 345th Ftr Sqdn— (July) Jacob Kingsbury, 111. 61265 Queior, 23 Merritt PL, New Hartford, NY 2106 Wesley Ave., Collinsville, 111. 62234 235th Observ Bn Hq Bat & Bats A,B,C, 13413 376th Air Serv Gp— (July) Bert Wintner ) Albert, (Korean Conflict) — (July) Robert Gamboe, USS Benner (DD807)— ( July Charles #606, 2200 Kerwin Rd., University Heights, Box 337, Pioneer, Ohio 43554 1222 8th St., Catasauqua, Pa. 18032 Ohio 44118 (July) Transou, (Aug) 238th Eng Combat Bn— Ray USS Cascade (AD16 1951-54)— Bob 386th Air Service Sqdn (July) Bill Evans, Hall, N.C. 27045 St. Louis, Mo. — 170 Thacker Rd., Rural Croghan, 2343 Hampton, 5285 Wagner Ford Rd., Dayton, Ohio 45414 241st Field Art'y Bn, Bat^-(July) Karl Chaffinch (AM81 (July) Tom Hq USS WW2)— Forrest, 3213 Fahsholz, Walcott, No. Dak. 58077 Gaffney, 40 Debbie Ave., Manchester, NH 452nd Bomb Sqdn— (July) F. RR Dr., Del City, Okla. 73115 275th Arm'd FA Bn (WW2)— (July) John Ar- 03102 Oakbrook nold, Jr., 15 Rosedale Dr., Binghampton, USS Cleveland (C19, CL66, LPD7)— (July) F. 453rd Bomb Gp (Old Buckenham, Eng) N.Y. 13905 Fisher, 754 Lilac Lane, Marion, Ohio 43302 (July) Donald Olds, 1403 Highland, Rolla, 299th Eng Combat Bn— (June) Paul Feheley, USS Diphda (AKA59 1944-47)— (July) Tom Mo. 65401 1 Esther Ave., Binghampton, N.Y. 13903 Coogan, 12185 Ford Line, Southgate, Mich. 457th Bomb Gp & All Att Units— (July) 304th Inf Reg't— (June) Edward Cain, 45-09 48195 Homer Briggs, 811 NW "B" St., Benton- 159th St., Flushing, N.Y. 11358 USS Doherty (DE14)— ( July) Robert Reno, ville, Ark. 72712 337th Reg't & 328th FA & 310th Eng— (July) 10480 N. Lynn Cir., Apt. F, Mira Loma, 493rd Ftr Sqdn—(Aug) Clifford Patt, 5205 N. Charles Hacker, 816 N. Shippen St., Lan- Calif 91752 Overhill Ave., Chicago, 111. 60656 caster, Pa. 17602 USS Escambia (AO80)— ( June) Virgil Grier, 6918 Security Sqdn, D Flight (1959-72)— (May) 338th Eng— (July) Valentino Meleg, 816-35th 550 W. Central #1720, Wichita, Kans. 67203 Stan Freymuth, 322 Viewpoint RR2, O'Fal- St., N.W., Canton, Ohio 44709 USS Henley (DD391)— ( July) Roy Anglen, lon, Mo. 63366 356th AAA SI Bn— (July) Harold Bogard, P.O. Box 3, Hume, 111. 61932 5636 Oakland Dr., Kalamazoo, Mich. 49002 USS Herbert (DD160, APD22)— ( July) Mike MISCELLANEOUS 494th Arm'd Field Art'y Bn, Bat A (12th AD) Sullivan, 21 State St., Groveton, N.H. 03582 — (July) Stan Kunas, 5804 Annapolis Rd., USS Lexington (CV2)— (July) Walter Reed, 901st Eng AF Hq Co, Camouflage Plat (WW2) Apt. 303, Bladensbure, Md. 20710 5410 Broadway (Apt. 105), Oakland, Calif. —(Aug) George Berman, 198 Minerva St. 508th Pcht Inf Reg't (WW2)— (July) O. Hill, USS Mattopani—(Aug) David Hornady, 1436 Derby, Conn. 06418 917 McCarthy Court, El Segundo, Calif. Timbergrove Rd., Knoxville, Tenn. 37919 American Ex-Prisoners of War (Anyone, 509th Parachute Inf Bn—(May) Charles USS Milwaukee— (July) Roger Wiles, 10705 Any Theater) — (July) Jack Aldrich, P.O. Doyle, 20 Wharf Lane. Kingston, Mass. Itzamna Rd., La Mesa, Calif. 92041 Box 7383, Albuquerque, N.M. 87104 7942 Ogden 730th Eng Depot Co (WW2)—(Mar) Herbert USS Missouri— (July) Tom Fluck, 258 W. NISEI— (July) Hosen Oshita, W. Wentz, R2 Box 397, Hanover, Pa. 17331 Clarkstown Rd., Spring Valley, NY 10977 Ave., Lyons, 111. 60534

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 37 : :

Guide for Solar 'Pioneers'

If any reader wants to join the 5. Be sure all costs are covered. For age after a 72-hour period of pioneers of solar heating by in- example, an enlarged basement to stagnation to useful heat in stor- stalling a unit, what advice is avail- accommodate a solar-heated water age before the period of stagna- tank rock is able? or bed part of the cost tion shall be at least . . %. Federal Energy Administration of the system. Similarly, if a solar "If the system cannot satisfy and consumers' advisory officials collector is built into the roof of a this warranted performance dur- have praised a "solar consumer's home, this often requires a roof ing the first . . . years after in- guide" written by John Keyes, in- framed at a 60-degree angle. Such a stallation, the system shall be ventor of the International Solar- roof can cost $2,000 to $6,000 more replaced or repaired at no thermics Corporation furnace now than a standard roof. charge to the purchaser." being manufactured and marketed 6. Does the solar energy system 9. Analyze the installed price. This in various parts of the country. The have certification by your local build- should include the cost of the build- pamphlet, and most likely the name ing department? If it does, the de- ing permit, glazier costs, sheet of the nearest dealer in your area, partment will issue a certificate so metal, and electrical and/or plumb- may be obtained from International stating, though it will not endorse ing services. If remodeling is Solarthermics Corp., Nederland, any system. If the system is still in involved, repair to drywall, landscap- Colo. 80466. the prototype or experimental stage ing, etc. should be included. Glazier Among Keyes' suggestions are this certificate will not be available. costs can range from $1.50 to $6.00 these 7. Does the manufacturer have a per square foot for double glass on 1. Hire an independent professional products liability insurance policy? the collector—more in a rooftop in- engineer who is registered in your Reputable manufacturers will have stallation. state. Have him check the perfor- such a policy issued to them against 10. Analyze operating and mainte- mance claims of any unit you are harm to the public from their prod- nance costs. Solar heating systems considering. uct. usually employ electric blowers. 2. Have your attorney check the 8. Ask for a performance warranty. Some collectors have thin plastic sales contract and warranty. Be sure A reputable manufacturer will offer covers that may require replacement your system will have at least a the following performance war- every one or two years. In a system one-year warranty on motors, ranty : using ethylene glycol (antifreeze), pumps, blowers and controls, and at "We warrant the product to that fluid must be replaced at regu- least five years on structural parts. have the following performance lar intervals. Warranties should cover parts and characteristics 11. Check your insurance. A buyer labor. A. Collection capability. Cloud- should confirm with his insurance 3. Check the credentials of the sales less-day heat transfer to storage agent that a solar heating system firm with the Better Business Bu- of at least . . . BTUs (British can be included in his present home- reau and the Chamber of Commerce. thermal units) per day with so- owner's policy.

4. It is usual for solar equipment lar radiation of . . . BTUs per 12. Check your insulation. Recom- dealers to ask for 50% of the price square foot and an initial stor- mended insulation for solar-heated when the equipment is ordered and age temperature of . . . degrees, homes is 3% -inch sidewall and 18- 50% upon delivery or installation. Fahrenheit. inch ceiling fiberglass batt insula- Ascertain if such deposits are placed B. Storage capability. The ratio tion with double pane glass and in escrow or bonded. of useful heat remaining in stor- storm doors. end

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 9 billion-dollar energy corporation YOU CAN USE THE SUN TO HEAT YOUR HOME — NOW plan. The President envisions that the federal government will invest cally with increased production. lar energy thus far has been a prov- about 25 billion dollars in the ten- International Solarthermics engi- ince of small companies, many of year corporation, with private in- neers say the smallest Keyes' furnace them short on capital or business dustry and citizens investing the will provide 60% of the heat for a know-how needed for solid manage- balance. 1,000-square-foot house in Seattle; ment. "My vision," the President said, "is 68% for a similar home in Salt Lake This is certain to change. If Con- dramatic action to produce oil and City; 72% in Washington, D.C.; 75% gress approves the 100-billion-dollar gas from coal, safe and clean nuclear in Cairo, 111.; 87% in Dodge City, Ford program for energy indepen- and coal generated electric power, Kan., and 90% in Albuquerque. dence by 1985, solar spending will harness the energy of the sun and the Admitting that many solar experts skyrocket. natural heat within the earth and have been skeptical about the back- The New York Times estimates build numerous other energy facili- yard furnace's high heat output with that solar firms spent a total of only ties." a comparatively small 96-square-foot $20 million on research and develop- Before the President's proposal, collector surface, the engineers point ment in the fiscal year 1974. Gov- government and industry estimated to hundreds of small black aluminum ernment spent only $4 million. But as that solar energy would not make an cups or radiation traps bonded to the stated earlier, the federal Energy Re- appreciable dent in the nation's total glass collector surface in the Keyes search and Development Administra- supply picture until the end of the design. These reduce energy loss and tion had earmarked $100 million for century. An Exxon report set 1990 increase heat absorption, they say. solar research next year, even before as the threshold for "significant" so- The development of commercial so- President Ford announced his 100- lar power and activation of the

38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 —

breeder nuclear reactor, and esti- lems that will take time to work "As with autos, it's starting out mated that energy from nuclear fu- out," he added. with 25 or 30 people trying to beat sion processes would not be in hand ERDA has predicted solar power each other's brains out until 25 or 30 before 2000. might provide 7% of the nation's years down the road there will prob- This pace, many claim, would leave needs by 2000. ably be just three or four big ones the United States dangerously It is this kind of official reserva- left and they'll probably be subsid- vulnerable by the middle 1980's. tion, even when spiced with implied iaries of some large, established cor- Chairman Aubrey J. Wagner of the long-range optimism, that nettles poration," Wartes has predicted. Tennessee Valley Authority warns pioneers like John Keyes. Keyes, a fierce defender of the free that the "most conservative" projec- In two books, "Harnessing the enterprise system and a fierce oppo- tions show that the nation will have Sun" and "The Solar Conspiracy," nent of government grant programs, to double its energy sources by the Keyes suggests that some govern- has deliberately set out to thwart year 2000. ment agencies and some big business this scenario. Instead of turning In- "I am talking about having suffi- interests, are trying to delay the ad- ternational Solarthermics into a cen- tralized manufacturer of his backyard furnace, he chose to license 20 or more independent manufacturers from coast to coast. Each is responsible for his own sales and marketing programs and each is free to subcontract. A Solarthermics license now costs $75,000 plus royal- ties. The price tag makes any would-be manufacturer hesitate and ask: Is this the year for solar energy? Is the public ready? Mr. Homeowner is a reluctant pioneer. If he invests in a solar furnace, he'll pay a lot of fuel bills in advance in installation costs. He still finds it hard to believe that fuel supplies are no longer unlimited, that gasoline may never return to 30 cents a gallon, that natural gas could be cient energy so the nation can pro- vent of solar power, fearing the eco- exhausted by 1986. vide decently comfortable living and nomic unheaval that it implies. The long energy argument between adequate economic opportunity for O. G. Lof, director of the solar lab- the White House and the Congress the people who are here now and for oratory at Colorado State University and the veto battles have left the those who will be born," said Wag- and vice president of Solaron, a new public groping for reliable, believ- ner, head of the country's largest company with 3,000 stockholders, able energy information. generator of electrical power. complains that government programs So, as the stacks of conflicting He calls for heavy emphasis on have placed too much emphasis on testimony mount, many a consumer coal degasification projects and the giant systems instead of concentrat- simply hunkers down, grimly pays development of a breeder reactor. ing on the easier-to-solve problems of his fuel bills and prays for spring TVA, working with Commonwealth residential energy. though sunshine is free and should Edison of Illinois and ERDA, is Lloyd Wartes, a trustee of the So- remain so. building the first American breeder lar Energy Industries Association in A few become solar furnace pio- demonstration project at Oak Ridge, Washington, sees big business mov- neers. Tenn. ing into the solar field only after This winter they, at least, have the "Fusion ... is not even known to smaller companies refine their units solar option. be scientifically achievable and solar and their sales and marketing pro- Archimedes would say: It's about energy has serious unresolved prob- grams. time. end

LEGION Cover Photo WT The color cover photo that captures Earth turning its You Can Use face to the constant sun the Sun to Heat and dramatizes the prom- Your Home -Now ise of solar energy was taken by Astronaut Neil Armstrong on the epic 1 Apollo 11 moon mission. It was made available to The 1 American Legion Magazine , by the National Aeronau- tics and Space Adminis- tration.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 39 x

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 16 r ANDREW CARNEGIE AND HIS MILLIONS

accepted Carnegie's offer of $1 mil- Then, with winter coming on, the lion to buy their plant—in bonds former employees straggled back to which wouldn't mature for five years. their jobs-—if their jobs were still No one heard about "homogeneity" open—and the old order prevailed after that, of course, for Carnegie once more. had pulled the word out of thin air. Every day was a workday, 12 He rapidly introduced direct rolling hours at a stretch, Sundays included all his plants. only e into Not had he —except the Fourth of July which o^ r— picked up a proven new technique Carnegie scrupulously observed. The and a practically new plant, which Monroe Custom Table ooCK wages he paid were probably higher eS 0" . \ A Our most popular pfic -to0'? paid for itself six times over before than elsewhere in the industry the r ' — s style! Perfect for ban- _u ait ' quets, bingo, meet- u the bonds matured, but he'd done it average Homestead worker got $2.43 ings, etc. Rugged con- without putting a single dollar of his daily. But no industrial struction features as- wages pro- sure trouble-free service for years. own capital into the deal. vided a decent standard of living in Many other styles to fit every need. But competition, however unethi- those days. Want to replace some old, worn-out banquet cal, was one thing; unionism was Most laborers lived "wretchedly tables ... or equip a new meeting hall? Whatever you need, you can get it from something else. Trade unions were in their 'Hunky-villes' in the river MONROE at factory-direct prices! Over 100 just beginning to feel their oats and bottoms, where houses table styles and sizes to choose from, plus a had no run- complete selection of folding and stacking he opposed them on an industry-wide ning water and no sanitation facili- chairs, storage trucks, risers, partitions, etc. Mail coupon today for FREE catalog and prices. basis, though he always said that he ties." The trade union movement had no quarrel with company unions gained wide sympathy as a result of MAIL COUPON NOW! formed by workers within each the Homestead strike but, as one his- plant. The upshot was that an at- torian notes, "for the next 34 years THE MONROE COMPANY I tempt to cut costs further by lower- there were no national unions within < 69 Church Street, n ^ " rn=i^kt I MONKOt Colfax, Iowa 50054 ing wages led to his one bloody the steel mills of the nation." Send me your FREE catalog and factory- battle with labor—at the Homestead About the only battle Carnegie direct prices. plant in July 1892. hadn't won was marriage. His NAME_ The Amalgamated Assn. of Iron mother, Margaret Carnegie, was 88 and Steel Workers, a young labor when she died of pneumonia in 1886. ADDRESS- organization that represented about Her son tarried a bare six months CITY. 800 of the plant's 3,800 workers, before popping the question to Louise called a strike and sealed off the Whitfield, a long-time girlfriend. STATE- _ZIP_ property. The company sent in Pink- New York papers didn't report that erton guards to reopen the plant. he was 51, she was half his age. The strikers fought back, killing Editors merely commented that three of the agents and routing the "Mr. Carnegie's present to his bride FLUSHES UP rest out of town. The state militia was a handsome house at 5 West or to sewer septic tank finally restored order, the plant be- 51st St. and securities from which no digging up floors. gan production again without the an income of $20,000 may be

WRITE . . , McPHERSON, INC 800 Amalgamated men, who held out derived." BOX 15133«TAMPA, FLA. 33684 for six months. Carnegie's steel empire in 1900 included railroads, mines, vast coke ovens and Great Lakes ore boats to carry the rich iron deposits from the Mesabi range in Minnesota. He owned Earwax: some of the fabulous Mesabi deposits, still the highest grade ore in exis- the sneak thief of sound tence. He controlled more by leasing it from John D. Rockefeller. Mining Government studies show that hearing problems and age go the Mesabi was a cinch. No tunnel- hand in hand. These studies also show that many hearing problems ing. No blasting. It lay just beneath are merely due to excessive earwax. Of course, anyone suspecting a the topsoil. Steam shovels simply hearing problem should consult a physician to determine the cause. clawed up the powdery ore "like a filling One way for earwax to impair hearing is very simple. As we child a sand bucket on the grow older, the fine hairs lining our ear canals grow coarse. Even- beach," creating vast amphitheaters tually, they can prevent earwax that forms daily from getting out. a mile across and 400 feet deep. This in turn muffles sounds trying to get in. Because the wax builds From Lake Erie ports, Carnegie brought the ore to up so gradually, your hearing can diminish without you realizing it. his plants on a privately-owned railroad and Pitts- The safest, most effective way to remove earwax is by using burgh became the steel capital of DEBROX® Drops regularly. DEBROX is recommended by thou- the world, "a continuous fire festi- sands of physicians. They know it safely removes wax and can be val," one contemporary noted. used daily to prevent buildup. DEBROX costs only pennies a day The U. S. now produced over 12 and is available at drugstores without a prescription. million tons of steel a year compared to eight million for Germany, its DCB-1774 Debrox* DROPS nearest rival. American steel sold for $23.75 a ton, protected by a high tariff wall. By his cost-cutting tac-

40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 tics, Carnegie produced it for $15 a In case anyone hadn't gotten the Edward Simmons. The speaker was ton. This was two-thirds of a cent message, Carnegie said his intention Charles Schwab, now president of for one pound of steel—into which was "to make finished products in the Carnegie Co. His subject: the went, he pointed out, "two pounds of competition with the world." And future of the steel industry. The iron ore mined and transported by undercut Morgan's high prices on dinner was billed as a friendly get- rail and water 1,000 miles; one them to boot. together—or so the hosts said. Some pound of coke, requiring one and Prospect of a steel war threw Wall historians claim that Morgan engi- one-third pounds of coal to be Street millionaires into a tizzy. They neered the affair to see if Carnegie's mined, coked and transported 50 realized that Carnegie had the power threats were real or a bluff. Others miles; and one-third of a pound of —and the money—to carry his plans believe that Carnegie himself ar- limestone quarried and hauled 150 through. Of Morgan's plan, a stock ranged the shindig because, at 65, miles." investor said: "The cooks who were he wanted to retire and saw Morgan's Carnegie structural steel was ev- preparing this meal for themselves predicament as a way of finally erywhere—in the Brooklyn Bridge, found that they were ready to bake getting out of business. in New York's elevated railways, the finest plum pudding ever con- In any event, Schwab made a in the Washington Monument, in the cocted financially, but that Carnegie magnificent speech. What steel skyscrapers that beginning to all plums." were had the needed, he said, was merger into one appear on the American horizon. "I Frightened investors rushed to colossal corporation. Each plant can make steel cheaper than any of Morgan's offices, pleading that "Car- would be a specialty mill—one for you and undersell you," he told com- negie must be stopped." Morgan rails, one for tubes, others for every petitors. "The market is mine when- agreed. If pushed to the wall, his steel product imaginable. The sav- ever I want to take it." own shaky house of cards, propped That's what gave his rivals sleep- up with reams of inflated stock, ings would be wondrous. No wasteful less nights. With his domination of might tumble. There was only one competition. No unnecessary duplica- the crude steel market, all that was solution—buy Carnegie out. tion. No cutthroat price-fixing. left wide open to them was the man- On December 12, 1900, eighty of The idea obviously impressed Mor- ufacture of finished products—steel the nation's leading businessmen gan, for "his cigar remained un- pipes and tubes, rods and wire, boiler attended a dinner at the University lighted throughout the speech," an plates, hoops and what not. Things Club in New York given by two observer remarked. "After the cheers might have stayed that way, except financiers, Charles Smith and J. subsided, he took Schwab by the arm that the late 1890' s was a period of consolidation in American industry. Financier J. P. Morgan merged Traditional "Eagle and Flag" many of the smaller steel-making and steel-using firms into eight large trusts, and raised the selling price of Bicentennial their finished products two or three times higher than before. The trusts ilendar Plate were greatly over-capitalized with A BEAUTIFUL PORCELAIN "watered stock." Morgan announced TRIBUTE TO AMERICA 'S that "they could no longer tolerate GLORIOUS HERITAGE! the venomous competition" which only Carnegie was giving the steel mak- LIMITED ers among them. The word went out. EDITION Buy no more Carnegie steel. The $2^9 steel users in the trusts would get it "elsewhere." The wily Scot knew Americana" play Tripod that "elsewhere" in the squeeze Display Stand meant the Federal Steel Co., backed Also Available Si. 49 by Morgan, and the nation's second largest steel producer. ACTUAL "If it's a fight they want," Carne- SIZE EXCLUSIVE 9Vi" IN gie told associates, "we are ready." DESIGN DIAMETER He bought 5,000 acres of waterfront What more unforgettable »» to uy: Lake Erie EXAMINE BICENTENNIAL PLATE property at Conneaut on "America, I Lev* Youl" than to mount this inspira- F0RI15DAYS FREE AND IF YOU tional commemorative plate in a place of honor ARE NOT. COMPLETELY SATISFIED, for a $12 million plant "to manufac- on your wall! will cherish RETURN FOR A FULL REFUND! ture the finest steel tubing in the Here is an heirloom that your family for generations to come. It is a strikingly beautiful SpencefQifis that plate of creamy white porcelain - with a richly world." Next, he told newsmen resplendent 22K gold-fired rim. Each month of the Q7 C 41 Spencer Building, Atlantic City. N.J. 0S411 Bringing You Direct ¥»H Savings For Over 25 Years. he planned to build "the largest steel historic Bicentennial Year of 1976 appears boldly and beautifully in red and blue. At the center, is a O Please rush me a Bicentennial Plate (47704) rod plant in the world" in Pittsburgh. majestic American Eagle in blazing red-grasping @ $2.99 plus 75$ for postage and handling. a red, white and blue flag emblem in its talons. SAVE! 2 Bicentennial Plates for only $5.50 Then came the announcement that Exclusive Design — Only from Spencer GlfU! plus $1.25 postage and handling. Surrounding the central eagle-and-flag motif, a SAVE MORE! 3 Bicentennial Plates for $8.00 he and George Gould, son of rail- beautiful and impressive commemorative Bicenten- plus $1.50 postage and handling. nial inscription fittingly honors America's 200 an- I also want Tripod Stand(s) (57638) road baron Jay Gould, were going niversary. Our designer has combined and coor- @ $1.49 each, plus 25£ postage & handling. dinated all these important elements with true art- Cost of Plate(s) Ordered $ to construct a rail line to Baltimore, istry, in a design so original — it's copyrighted. Cost of Trlpod(s) Ordered $ Yes, it's ours exclusively. You won't be able to Add Pqstage & Handling $_ thus giving Carnegie plants an out- obtain this Bicentennial Calendar Plate anywhere Add Sales Tax. See Chart $_ but from Spencer Gifts! I enclose check or let the to the Atlantic. This because Limited Edition I Never Again Available After money order for Total $_ pressure Morgan, Production Stops Order' Now For Only $2.M Name Pennsy, under from Orders yours today. Get several more as gifts for not only had discontinued the re- relatives and special friends with a sense of his- Address tory and a love for the American dream) But hurry, bates Carnegie had always received because once we stop producing this limited- City edition plate, we will not be able to honor any -Zip- additional orders . . . and this Bicentennial Plate but had ordered a 100% rate increase STATE SALES T will never be available to you againl on Carnegie traffic moving to the For easier, more convenient display . . . this handsome 9Vi" Bicentennial Plate is fitted with a sturdy * Spencer Gltts, 1975 seaboard. hook for hinging. * ****** ********

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 41 —

CONTINUED End constant BARK, BARK, BARK! ANDREW CARNEGIE AND HIS MILLIONS No time wasted in training attach Bark-Trainer and forget and led him to a corner. For half from 51st St. to Wall Street. Morgan it! Works instantly and auto- matically while you sleep or go an hour, the two men engaged in got the point. He drove to Carnegie's about your duties. Requires no attention, produces long- intimate conversation." Morgan in- residence and the two men chatted lasting results. Just let dog wear Bark-Trainer collar a few dicated he would welcome a longer for 15 minutes before shaking hands. days until the problem is cor- rected then take it off. It's session soon and left for home. "Mr. Carnegie, I want to congratu- that simple! Tiny electronic circuit converts vibrations of Schwab "took the midnight train for late you on being the richest man dog's bark to harmless but effective shock. He associates his Pittsburgh." in the world," Morgan said when he excessive barking with the startling effect it produces. They met again in early January left. "No, Pierpont, I am the happiest Absolutely safe. Most effective method ever developed. 10 day in Morgan's mansion at 219 Madison man in the world," Carnegie replied. MONEY BACK GUARAN- TEE. Must end the problem or Ave. in New York. The session "I have unloaded this burden on your return for refund. Works on any size dog. Order by mail or lasted for hours. "Old Money Bags" back and I am off to Europe to play." call us for Immediate C.O.D. called goes that again shipment. We will deduct cost of phone call from cost of (as Schwab Morgan) asked The story they met trainer if requested. Just dial 1-713—682-2728 anytime questions about this or that steel several years later on an ocean liner. day or night. To order by mail send check or M.O. for $29.95 plus $2.00 shipping ($31.95 total) to RELCO IND., company, production figures, costs. "I made one mistake, Pierpont, when Dept. H - 14 Box 10880, Houston, Ter. 77018. Schwab had the answers at tongue's I sold to you," Carnegie supposedly MICRO MINI MIKE WIRELESS Self contained. Picks up & transmits most sounds without wires up to 450 ft. thru any FM radio. Use as burglar alarm, music amplifier,, intercom, baby sitter, hot line, etc. Comp. with batt. Money back guar. B of A, M/C cds. or COD ok Only $14.95 add 504 for pstge. & hdlg. AMC SALES, Dept. L Box 610, Downey, Ca. 90241

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42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 )

tion's first billion dollar corporation Carnegie Institute for the Advance- came across isn't known. and the largest industrial organiza- ment of Teaching. He put $22 million But the art of philanthropy, he tion the world had ever seen. The each into the Carnegie Institute of discovered in 1910, was "supremely figure staggered America's imagina- Pittsburgh and the Carnegie Institute difficult." He'd given away $180 tion. A popular cartoon of the day of Washington, D.C. The latter built million of his fortune, but what summed up the country's astonish- the Mt. Wilson Observatory in remained was still earning about ment. It depicted a Sunday school California. He endowed the Carnegie $750,000 a year. The capitalistic sys- teacher asking one of her small fry, Institute of Technology (Carnegie tem at 5% worked faster than "Now, Johnny, who made the Tech) in Pittsburgh, Carnegie Hall Carnegie did. It looked as if he would world?" And Johnny replied, "God in New York, the Carnegie Endow- die in disgrace after all. His good made the world in 4004 B. C. and it ment for International Peace, the friend, Elihu Root, had a better idea. v/as re-organized in 1901 by J. P. American Library Association, and "Why didn't he set up a trust, trans- Morgan." the Teachers Insurance and Annuity fer the bulk of his fortune to others "Well, this is a change in my life," Assn., a pioneer among U. S. annuity for them to worry about, and then Carnegie wrote a friend. "I shall be- plans. die happy in a state of grace?" come a wiser and, I believe, a more One place Carnegie drew the line And so it was done. Carnegie useful man." He did. In his desk was in refusing to help Mark Twain created the Carnegie Corp. of New was a packet of documents marked with his various visionary business York in 1911 and transferred $125 "Cannot destroy." One was the list ventures. Twain kept his sense of million to it, "to promote the ad- of resolutions drawn up years before humor and, after one such refusal, vancement and diffusion of knowl- at the St. Nicholas Hotel. Now, at suggested that Carnegie might at edge among the people of the United long last, he began putting them least loan him a dollar and a half to States." As U.S. Steel had been the into practice—by giving instead of buy a hymn book with. "God will super corporation of industry, so getting, often repeating "the man bless you," Twain promised, adding the Carnegie Corp. became the first who dies rich, dies disgraced." His "P.S.—Don't send the hymn book, of the super trust funds for doing mind had never left that theme. In send the money. I want to make the good. Its 1974 report shows that 1889 he had published an article selection myself." Whether Carnegie (Continued on page 4k) stating that it was the duty of the rich to distribute their wealth for the benefit of civilization. His first gift, after making provisions for his family's future (he became a father when he was 61), was FIELD MASTER a $5 million pension fund for his former employees, since there was no Social Security in those days. Our Own Reproduction of the Some $10 million went into a trust fund for the universities of his native Scotland, half for research and half for student aid. He shelled out an- 1908 HUNTING WATCH other $6 million to furnish 7,689 organs for churches throughout the world. Library giving, which became his specialty, took care of $60 million by providing 2,811 free public libraries in the U. S., Britain and ? other English-speaking countries. He • Beautifully Engravpd Back Plate // / sM^'fiMYjK( ''ML • Thick, Heavy-Duty Case often referred to these gifts as • Large, Rugged, Split-Second Movement ' >• | !^SCW r "T-'k: "bribes" inasmuch as he only bought • Scrolled \vi Fancy Hands . the land and built the libraries. City • Jeweler's Gold-Tone Or Silver-Tone Finish ™ • Separate Dial With Second Hand fathers had to fill them with books • Factory Checked And Timed and see to their upkeep. A heroic « A Real Collector's Item rescue in a mine disaster led #rim watch is shown actual size- to establish the Carnegie Hero Fund © 1975 by Foster-Trent Inc $5 million in trust for those who — — Remember Grandpa's old time, hunting case No. 5301— Silver-Tone, Deer Scene ...,$11,95 display courage in the face of grave watch? It was so beautifully engraved and No. 5302-Gold-Tone, Deer Scene- danger to help their fellowman. His had a rugged movement that kept right on Only $1. more $12.95 tickin - no matter what! No. 5303-Silver-Tone, Rird Scene $11.95 private pension list eventually in- FOSTER-TRENT offers to its customers, a magnificent repro- No. 5304—Gold-Tone, Bird Scenc- cluded 409 persons—from the wid- duction of those reliable heirloom timepieces. 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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 43 — —

CONTINUED ANDREW CARNEGIE AND HIS MILLIONS

present assets—despite thousands of bor—Samuel Gompers—was buried Bliss research grants—are equal to Car- in an adjoining lot. Historians still negie's entire fortune. That's the kind argue whether Carnegie was a FOR PERMANENT of immortality the frugal Scot "robber baron" or an "industrial ^ FUND RAISING n who gave away $350 million in all giant of free enterprise," but Car- Easy way to raise money for your Organization would understand. negie and Gompers apparently don't. because everyone has fun playing BINGO 1 Andrew Carnegie died in Lenox, Villagers swear, says historian Thousands of Organizations are making up to James gfe $500.00 per week using BINGO KING" supplies Mass., on Aug. 11, 1919, in his 84th F. Wall, that the two men "lie at Eg- and FREE Idea Bulletins. Write for FREE catalog year. He was buried in the Sleepy peace with each other, for there are 5Er~ and details on raising money for your Organiza- C,. tion. Hollow Cemetery in North Tarry- no new tales of ghosts walking un- PLEASE GIVE NAME OF ORGANIZATION. town, N.Y. Five years later, the head easily to add to the Legend of Sleepy of the American Federation of La- Hollow." END. Dept. 512A, Box 2588, LITTLETON, COLO. 80120 FREE WINDPOWER HEAT cuts fuel bills, beats shortages. Encyclopedic windmill/generator report gives sources, costs, in- structions, capacities, specifica- tions. Only $2.98. Also Henry Clews' authoritative Electric Pow- er from the Wind: $2. Both for $4.49. And famous Dwyer precision portable wind speed indica- tor: $6.95. All three $9.98. Shipped postpaid promptly on MONEY BACK GUARANTEE. ENERGY UNLIMITED, Dept. 99C 219 Thorndike St. Palmer, Mass. 01069

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 CONTINUED dimension of our misjudgement. . . . NOTES ON OUR DESK "The point is that the outcome of the Southeast Asia War has changed in the case of South Korea, meant difficulty. . . . our status in the world. The most the Yalu River, 700 miles away; but "But what are we to do in the important task ahead of us is to be sanctuary in Southeast Asia meant future? I think that we should alive and free. Now, survival is the Cambodia, 35 miles from Saigon. begin by saying that America had important thing. This is the differ- Our deficiency in strategy should good intentions in Southeast Asia. ence between 1966 and 1976. We have been obvious to all from the . . . We must remember that for 200 must return to a position of military beginning. . . . years we have had a reputation of strength. . . . "In a search for a solution to the being good. Alexis de Tocqueville, "While we were fighting the Vietnam stalemate, the Executive traveling in this country more than Southeast Asia War, all of our mili- arrived at the Paris Accord. It was a century ago, said, 'America is tary hardware got out of date. The an effort to get our troops out with great because she is good and if enemy was functioning under the 'honor' and get our prisoners of war America ceases to be good, America protection of our limited response home. The accord merely postponed will cease to be great.' Well, you say while we were engaged in trying to the fall of South Vietnam because that's fine but what about the more counter what they refer to as 'war we allowed North Vietnam to disre- realistic things around us. . . . of liberation.' They made major gard the agreement. . . . "We must remember that we are developments in military hardware. "Then let's look at the Legislative the greatest country in the free Today, remember that our expendi- Branch. It began with reservations world. Other countries have been ture for national defense is less in in its support of the war even at the attempting to develop—third force terms of gross national product than time of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution. power, too—under the umbrella of it was in 1950. . . .

. . . Each year the Legislative Branch our strength. If we disappear or "As we look to the future we passed appropriations and supported avoid our call to responsibility, there must think about our attitude toward the war, albeit with decreasing en- will be chaos indeed. . . . ourselves. The responsibility for be- thusiasm. The Legislative Branch "Back in the 1960's, at home, we ing a great power has been thrust had ample opportunity to exercise were running rampant with very upon us. We must think that we are its constitutional prerogatives from expensive and ambitious social pro- a great power, we must believe that the first. After the Paris Accord was grams. Many were not very well we are a great power, and we must signed, the Legislative Branch made thought out. At the same time, we meet our responsibilities. We must sure that Southeast Asia would fall were waging a large war because we have faith in ourselves, pride in our by establishing restrictions on the thought that our economy could past and faith in the future, because use of military force without requir- stand anything. if we don't have pride and faith, we ing the North Vietnamese to live up "Its present state proves the will not have a future." end to the accord. It progressively cut military aid to South Vietnam, while Russia and China gave unlimited aid STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION to North Vietnam. The outcome was (Act of August 12, 1970: Section 3685. Title 39. United States Code)

. . . inevitable. 1. Title of Publication: THE AMERICAN LE- The American Legion, 700 North Pennsylvania "So we have the terrible trauma GION MAGAZINE. Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206. 2. Date of tiling: September, 1975. of defeat before us. We must recog- 8. Known bondholders, mortgagees, and other 3. Frequency of issue: Monthly. security holders owning or holding 1 percent or nize many things about it. We did 3 A. Annual subscription price: $1.00. more of total amount of bonds, mortgages or 4. Location of known office of publication: 700 other securities: None. run out on our ally. . . . Sir Robert North Pennsylvania Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 9. For optional completion by publishers mail- 46206 (Marion County). Thompson, the British writer, has ing at the regular rates (Section 132,121, Postal headquarters or general bus- 5. Location of the Service Manual). referred to our conduct in Southeast iness offices of the publishers: 1345 Avenue of 39 U.S.C. 3626 provides in pertinent part: the Americas, New York, New York 10019. "No Asia as 'America's eternal dishonor.' person who would have been entitled to mail 6. Names and addresses of publisher, editor, matter under former section 4359 of this title and managing editor: It is a hard view to accept, but shall mail such matter at the rates un- Publisher: James F. O'Neil, 1345 Avenue of provided der this subsection unless he files annually with there is no other. the Americas, New York, New York 10019. the Postal Service a written request for permis- Editor: Robert B. Pitkin, 1345 Avenue of the if took look sion to mail matter such "It might help, we a Americas, New York, New York 10019. at rates." at the functioning of our Republic Managing Editor: None. In accordance with the provisions of this statute, I hereby request permission to mail the publica- 7. Owner (If owned by a corporation, its name . . . tion named in item 1 at the reduced postage under its checks and balances. and address must be stated and also immediately rates presently authorized by 39 U.S.C. 3626. The Judiciary at the time of thereunder the names and addresses of stockholders owning or holding 1 percent or more of James F. O'Neil, Publisher Franklin D. Roosevelt and perhaps total amount of stock. If not owned by a corpo- 10. For completion by nonprofit organizations authorized to mail played an ration, the names and addresses of the individ- at special rates (Section as recently as the 1950's ual owners must be given. If owned by a part- 132.122, Postal Manual). The purpose, function, and exaggerated role. The Legislative nership or other unincorporated firm, its name nonprofit status of this organization and the and address, as well as that of each individual exempt status for Federal income tax purposes Branch, of course, followed the Con- must be given.) have not changed during preceding 12 months. tinental Congress, which was notable Average Actual Number for its ineffectiveness as the sole No. Copies of Copies of Each Issue During Single Issue vehicle for running the country. Yet, Preceding Published Nearest 12 Months To Filing Date Civil and during just after the War 11. EXTENT AND NATURE OF CIRCULATION the latter part of President Wilson's A. Total No. Copies Printed (Net Press Run) 2,668,292 2,680,000 B. Paid Circulation Administration, historians point to 1. Sales Through Dealers and Carriers, Street Vendors and Counter Sales " None None Congress in the ascendancy. And a 2. Mail Subscriptions 2,648,122 2,656,868 we hear the Executive Branch re- C. Total Paid Circulation 2,648,122 2,656,868 D. Free Distribution by Mail, Carrier or Other Means ferred to in recent years as the 'Im- Samples, Complimentary, and other free copies .... 4,259 4,597 E. Total Distribution (Sum of C and D) 2,652,381 2,661,465 perial Presidency.' These represent F. Copies Not Distributed unusual situations in the life of the 1. Office Use, Left-over, Unaccounted, Spoiled After Printing 15,911 18,535 None Republic. The strength of our sys- 2. Returns From News Agents should equal net press None G. Total (sum of E & F— ry, tem is that these have always been run shown in A) 2,668,292 2,680,000 F. I certify that the statements made by me above are correct and complete. James ONeil righted in time without too much

46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 -—

THE WOLF KNIFE with back lock AMERICAN 1 " 9 /2 OVERALL LENGTH $3.95 ea. LEGION

This beautiful heavy duty FOLDING HUNT- ING KNIFE is hand crafted with a hollow ground rust proof mirror polished blade. A non-slip rosewood handle that fits the natural curve of the hand for secure holding. Su- perbly designed. RUGGED AND FULLY GUARANTEED. 9V2" overall SW closed. MODEL No. K-26-W. ONLY $3.95 PLUS 300 HANDLING. Money back in 5 days if not completely satisfied. BLACK BELT CASE also available for $1.00. WESTBURY SALES CO., 259 Post Avenue, Box 434, Westbury, N.Y. 11590 REWARD—$9,785.01 for this penny. This Dept. A-12-AL 1943 penny accidentally made in copper. 4 found to date. Over a million $$ paid LIKE A HELPING HAND. last year to owners of coins dated as recent as 1963. Mail $2 for our official Many people-senior citizens, arthritics, BI-CENTENNIAL FLAGS with price list. The Coin Buyer, catalogue and those suffering from Multiple Sclerosis, Dpt AM-11, Box 321, Great Neck, N. Y. 11022. Muscular Dystrophy or Parkinson's disease need help getting in and out of a chair. The EASY-LIFT power cushion recliner gently

lifts you forward as well as up to a semi- standing position. The lifting angle adjusts

to fit your needs, controls are easy to

reach, and it runs on household current. EASY-LIFT — like a helping hand. DELUXE 15 FOOT EAGLE TOP WRITE FOR FREE BROCHURE FLAG POLE SET Bennington Flag AND NAME OF DEALER NEAREST YOU. 3 piece, heavy gauge, tapered steel pole with 4MERIC4N SI4IR-GLIDE CORP. 50 star flag @ $39.95 plus $2.00 hdlg. Ad- ditional 3' x 5' Bennington and Betsy Ross 4001 East 138th Street, Dept. ALE-125 flags $10. ea. with purchase of set. Easy to READING GLASSES, magnifying impact- Grandview, Missouri 64030 install flag pole screws in ground like auger. resistant lenses aid for those over 40 to Indiana resi. add 4%salestax. Checkor M.O. help reading & do close work. Not Rx; not for astigmatism or eye disease. Latest to T & M Company, 2828 Commercial Rd., style. 10-day trial satisfaction guar. State Ft. Wayne, Indiana 46809. age & sex. $5.95 a pair, + 55? hdlg. Pre- cision Optical Co., Dept. AL-12, Rochelle, * Beautiful Bicentennial Design * III. 61068 The American Legion Shopper is pre- * DECORATES YOUR MAILBOX * sented as a service to readers and advertisers. All products are sold with Sport Watches a money-back guarantee. Allow 3-5 Full color official emblem weeks delivery. on dial, with a running football player, basketball, base- Get into the SPIRIT OF 76 with this self-stick mail ball or puck on the revolv- ^ When ordering by always mailbox cover in glorious red, white and blue. ing second hand that ticks Other side has American Eagle and nameplate. -^t send check or money order. off the seconds on the Weatherproof, fitsall boxes. $2.95ea, 2for $5,5for . NBA/ABA, and the DO NOT SEND CASH. MLB $10. Great gifts! NHL watches. Watch is of jl. Organizational fund-raising discount 50 for $60. -fe Swiss precision movement, ^ Send to: AMERICAN MAILBOX, Box 250, jewels, 17 an unbreakable Jf Dept AL- 1 Croton-on-Hudson, NY 10520 M MAKE main spring. A gold case with a metal expansion band. It is electronically tested. Money back $25 to 100 PER HOUR guaranteed if not satisfied if returned in 15 days. Only $27.95 plus BADGE- A-MINIT, a complete badge $1.00 for postage and handling. Send money order to: HELP ^making system lets you make YOUR POSTOFFICE HELP YOU J.P. MONKA permanent metal pin back Zip Code ALL your mail P.O.Box 29 Towaco, N.J. 07082 badges for fun or profit. ^ Badge parts cost pennies, you sell slogan buttons for HAWAIIAN '^^Cgi^y up to 75c each, pho- 1976 Calendar Money Back m- - Br to buttons for up to Guarantee T?I $2.50 ea. Get FREE Beautiful, colorful scenic pictures return illustrated money making plans by Authentic — in Hawaiian mail, or send $34.95 plus $1.75 for shipping and English languages to BADGE-A-MINIT, 1820 N. Sterling Full calendar size 17" x 11" Street, Dept. LE-125. LaSalle, III. 61301 BICENTENNIAL WALL PLAQUE A perfect gift item NOW! Improved and Patented Show your pride in our American heritage. $1.95 each or three for $5.50 Beautiful Royalstone American Eagle is produced and handpainted in 10 striking colors Mailed promptly RUPTURE-EASER by disabled Veteran, measures 32"X15". Perfect we pay postage for home, den, office or gift. Excellent fund- (A fjrjftj Truss) raiser (info on request). $19.95 each. Plus $3.50 laces instant No — postage and handling. Florida residents add 4 Send check or money order to pull-strap adjustment percent Sales Tax. AAoney back guarantee. Hawaiian Calendars, No Fitting Required WINDSOR HOUSE CRAFT PRODUCTS, 6975 W. 16th Ave., Suite 126, Hialeah, Florida 33014. Dept. AL, Box 10372, Honolulu, Hii 96816 $ 95 7 for hunting, fish- * Double. .$9.95 The knife ing and all around use. Strong, form-fitting, washable sup- Mirror polished, imported SALE stainless steel blade honed port for reducible inguinal hernia. Snaps up in 10 to a razor's edge. Hugged. front. Soft, flat groin pad. No steel or leather GUARANTEED Opens with flick of finger. bands. Unexcelled for comfort. Also used as Locks into position. Blade will not close when in use. Press button in handle after operation support. For men, chil- 10 women, YEARS to close. Safety finger guard. IF BROKEN WITHIN dren. Send measure around the lowest part of 10 YEARS WE WILL REPLACE AT NO CHARGE! Use 30 days. abdomen and state right, left side or double. Money back if not pleased • Not a switchblade • Special Ic Sale. REGULAR PRICE $2.75. Send $2.76 & receive 2 knives. Add 22c Add postage. Dept. AL-125 75* PIPER BRACE CO. postage, handling. Remit TOTAL $2.98 for2 knives. ORDER NOWlMidwestKnifeCo.. 811 Wyandotte • Kansas City, Mo. 64105 9043 S. Western, Dept. DAS-4557, Chicago, 111. 60620. Est. 1936. Mail Orders Only. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 47 " —

LIFE STORY CYCLE Mother Goose, Winnie-the-Pooh, Little Women, Nancy Drew,

Julius Caesar, The Love Machine, College English, Modern Screen,

Brides of Summer, Baby News, L. H. Journal, Mother Goose. Gail White A BIT AT A TIME The easiest way to move a mountain is

to first make a molehill of it. David O. Flynn FOR XANTIPPE When You accuse me of loving my dog More than you, You explain Why. R. A. Burns TWIST AT THE TABLE Boarding House Reach: The Long Law of the Arm.

Raymond J. Cvtkota

"Sure I said it was foolproof, but this burglar was no fool!" MAN-CATCHER THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE They advertise those toothpastes that land a man on sight, and lemon-scented perfumes that can keep you out all night, But how I caught my man CHRISTMAS GIFT (and believe me, he's no dope)

was with the best darn stuff there is A maternity hospital had a bumper crop of babies over the Christmas Bathtub water and lots of soap! holidays. Facilities were slowed down and nurses were working over- Violet Huffman time. There was little time for putting up Christmas decorations, but a J. tired, harassed nurse painted a Yuletide scene on part of the observation window. At visiting hours, when the young dads trooped in they all had a good laugh. The nurse had painted some Christmas carolers on the window. The title of their song was emblazoned in big red letters across the window: "God Rest Ye, Merry Gentlemen!" G. G. Cbabtree

HER GRAND REWARD

A man's wife was a compulsive buyer and he was up to his neck in her charges. A psychologist and marriage counselor were consulted and the wife was prevailed upon to curb her buying impulses for a year. As a reward for curtailing her habit, her husband cleaned up the bills and said she should go out and charge one nice thing. When he came home from the office he asked what she'd charged. "A grand piano," she replied.

, Art Lahson

COMPLETE TURNABOUT

Among the passengers on a flight from Los Angeles to Chicago was a young man in full formal attire, including top hat, cape and cane. He aroused considerable attention and one woman, unable to contain her curiosity, approached him and said: "Excuse me, young man, but I have to ask you are you a performer?" "No, ma'am," he replied. "I'm a student at UCLA and I'm on my way "What do you mean, you're being home to Chicago. I'm formal for my mom's benefit. Every time I come neglected? You know I've always home from college she looks at me and says: "Do you have to dress like listened to your problems during that?' half-time!" Dan Bennett THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1975 Give Seagrams 7 Crown. The Christmas present with the look of Christmas past.

GIFT- PACKAGED AT NO EXTRA COST. SEAGRAM DISTILLERS COMPANY, N.Y.C. PAIR NO-IRON KNITS

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