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مساهمة في دراسة تصنيفية لفصيلة حفارات الخشب ذات القرون الطويلة )Cerambycidae( في الساحل السوري"

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مساهمة في دراسة تصنيفية لفصيلة حفارات الخشب ذات القرون الطويلة )Cerambycidae( في الساحل السوري جامــــــــعة تشـــــــــرين كليــــــــــة الزراعـــــــة قســــــــــم وقاية النبـــات "مساهمة في دراسة تصنيفية لفصيلة حفارات الخشب ذات القرون الطويلة )Cerambycidae( في الساحل السوري" رسالة علمية أعدت لنيل درجة الماجستير في الهندسة الزراعية اختصاص وقاية نبات إعداد: المهندس الزراعي: خلدون علي علي العام الدراسي 2015 جامــــــــعة تشـــــــــرين كليــــــــــة الزراعـــــــة قســــــــــم وقاية النبـــات "مساهمة في دراسة تصنيفية لفصيلة حفارات الخشب ذات القرون الطويلة )Cerambycidae( في الساحل السوري" رسالة علمية أعدت لنيل درجة الماجستير في الهندسة الزراعية اختصاص وقاية نبات إعداد: المهندس الزراعي: خلدون علي علي إشراف: اﻷستاذ الدكتور علي محمد رمضان اﻷستاذ الدكتور سليمان ابراهيم إحسان أستاذ في قسم وقاية النبات أستاذ في قسم وقاية النبات كلية الزراعة – جامعة تشرين كلية الزراعة – جامعة تشرين العام الدراسي 2015 قدمت هذه الرسالة استكماﻻً لمتطلبات نيل درجة الماجستير في قسم وقاية النبات من كلية الزراعة في جامعة تشرين This thesis has been submitted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Science in the Department of Plant Protection at the Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University. كلمة شكر بعد أن أنجز هذا العمل وتكلل بالنجاح ﻻ يسعني إﻻ أن أتقدم بجزيل الشكر لجامعة تشةرين ممثلة برئيسها اﻷستاذ الدكتور هاني شعبان ولكلي الزراع بجامع تشرين بشخص عميدها اﻷستاذ الدكتور جرجس مخول لجهودهم المبذول في سبيل تسهيل وتشجيع البحث العلمي. وأتوجه بالشكر إلى اﻷساتذة في قسم وقاي النبات وعلى رأسهم اﻻستاذ الدكتور محمد أحمد رئيس القسم، وأخص بالشكر أساتذتي المشرفين اﻻستاذ الدكتور علي رمضان، اﻷستاذ الدكتور سليمان إحسان على نصائحمها توجيهاتهمةا وارشاداتهما القيم وتقديمهما كاف التسهيﻻت الممكن ﻻستكمال وانجاز هذه الدراس لهما مني كةل اﻻحترام والتقدير. كل الشكر واﻹمتنان ﻷعضاء لجن الحكم على جهودهم المبذول لتصويب بعة اﻻخطةاء وتقةديم المقترحات التي من شأنها إظهار البحث بأحسن صورة. وتمنياتي الخالص بالرحم لروح اﻷستاذ الدكتور سليمان إحسان الذي غيبه الموت مبكراً، والةذي ﻻ يمكن لذكراه أن تغيب عن أي عمل يقارب هذا المجال. الفهرس الملخص باللغ العربي ................................................................................................................... 1 مقدمة........................................................................................................................................ 2 الفصـل اﻷول الدراس المرجعي ............................................................................................................................... 4 1: تمهيد ......................................................................................................................................... 4 2: الضرر واﻷهمي اﻻقتصادي ............................................................................................................. 5 3: البيولوجيا .................................................................................................................................... 6 4: سلوكيات التكاثر ........................................................................................................................... 9 5: العوائل النباتي ............................................................................................................................. 11 6: الواقع التصنيفي للفصيل ................................................................................................................. 13 6-1: الموقع التصنيفي لحفارات الساق ذات القرون الطويل ........................................................................... 13 6-2: التاريخ التطوري للفصيل ............................................................................................................. 14 الفصـل الثانـي مواد البحث وطرائقه .......................................................................................................................... 17 1: منطق الدراس ............................................................................................................................. 17 2: مواد البحث ................................................................................................................................ 18 2-1: جمع العينات الحشري ................................................................................................................ 18 2-2: تحضير العينات الحشري للدراس المخبري ....................................................................................... 20 2-3: دراس العينات الحشري مخبرياً وحفظها في المجاميع الدائم .................................................................. 21 2-4: حفظ العينات الحشري مخبرياً المجاميع الدائم ................................................................................... 21 الفصـل الثالـث النتائج .......................................................................................................................................... 22 1: المورفولوجيا العام للحشرات الكامل )البالغات( .................................................................................... 23 1-2: الدراس الوصفي للطور الكامل ................................................................................................ 23 1-2-1: كبسول الرأس ................................................................................................................. 23 1-2-2: زوائد الرأس ................................................................................................................ 24 1-2-2-1: قرون اﻻستشعار ...................................................................................................... 24 1-2-2-2: أجزاء الفم ............................................................................................................... 26 1-2-3: الصدر ...................................................................................................................... 27 1-2-4: زوائد الصدر ............................................................................................................... 30 1-2-4-2: اﻷجنح ................................................................................................................. 31 1-2-5: البطن ........................................................................................................................ 33 2: الدراس التصنيفي ......................................................................................................................... 34 2-1: المفتاح التصنيفي لتحت – فصائل التابع لفصيل Cerambycidae Latreille .................................... 35 2-2: تحت – الفصيل : Prioninae Latreille, 1802 .......................................................................... 37 2-2-1: المفتاح التصنيفي لقبائل تحت – الفصيل Prioninae Latreille .................................................... 38 2-2-2: القبيل Aegosomatini J. Thomson, 1861 :Tribe .............................................................. 41 2-2-2-1: الجنس Aegosoma Audinet-Serville, 1832: 162 :Genus ............................................. 41 1- النوع Aegosoma scabricorne Scopoli, 1763: 54 :Species .................................................... 41 2-2-3: القبيل Ergatini Fairmaire, 1864 :Tribe ........................................................................... 43 2-2-3-1: الجنس Callergates Lameere, 1904: 47:Genus ........................................................... 43 2- النوع Callergates gaillardoti Chevrolat, 1854: 481:Species ................................................ 43 2-2-4: القبيل Macrotomini J. Thomson, 1861 :Tribe ................................................................ 45 2-2-4-1: الجنس Prinobius Mulsant, 1842a: 207 :Genus .......................................................... 45 3- النوع Prinobius myardi atropos Chevrolat, 1854 :Species .................................................. 45 2-2-4: القبيل Prionini Latreille, 1802 :Tribe ............................................................................. 48 2-2-4-1: المفتاح التصنيفي ﻷجناس القبيل Prionini Latreille ............................................................. 48 2-2-4-2: الجنس Mesoprionus Jakovlev, 1887c: 323 :Genus .................................................... 49 4- النوع Mesoprionus lefebvrei Marseul, 1856: 47 :Species ..................................................... 49 2-2-4-3: الجنس Prionus Geoffroy, 1762: 198 :Genus ............................................................. 51 5- النوع Prionus komiyai Lorenc, 1999: 13 :Species ............................................................... 51 2-2-5: القبيل Remphanini Lacordaire, 1868 :Tribe ................................................................... 53 2-2-5-1: الجنس Rhaesus Motschulsky, 1875: 153 :Genus ....................................................... 53 6- النوع Rhaesus serricollis Motschulsky, 1838: 187 :Species ................................................ 53 2-3: تحت – الفصيل Lepturinae Latreille, 1802 : Subfamily .................................................. 58 2-3-1: القبيل Lepturini Latreille, 1802 :Tribe ........................................................................ 59 2-3-1-2: الجنس Stictoleptura Casey, 1924: 280 :Genus ........................................................ 60 7- النوع Stictoleptura cordigera Fuessly, 1775 :Species ....................................................... 60 2-3-1-3: الجنس Vadonia Mulsant, 1863: 559 :Genus ............................................................ 62 8- النوع Vadonia unipunctata Holzschuh, 1993 :Species ....................................................... 62 2-4: تحت – الفصيل Spondylidinae Audinet-Serville, 1832 :Subfamily ................................ 65 2-4-1: القبيل Asemini J. Thomson, 1861:Tribe ....................................................................... 66 2-4-1-1: الجنس Arhopalus Audinet-Serville, 1834b: 77 :Genus ...........................................
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