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Anatomska I Mikromorfološka Varijabilnost Vrste Crocus Chrysanthus Herbert (Iridaceae)

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Anatomska I Mikromorfološka Varijabilnost Vrste Crocus Chrysanthus Herbert (Iridaceae) UNIVERZITET U NIŠU PRIRODNO-MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET NIŠ DEPARTMAN ZA BIOLOGIJU I EKOLOGIJU MASTER RAD Anatomska i mikromorfološka varijabilnost vrste Crocus chrysanthus Herbert (Iridaceae) Milena M. Kostić UNIVERZITET U NIŠU PRIRODNO-MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET NIŠ DEPARTMAN ZA BIOLOGIJU I EKOLOGIJU Anatomska i mikromorfološka varijabilnost vrste Crocus chrysanthus Herbert (Iridaceae) MASTER RAD Kandidat: Mentor: Milena M. Kostić Dr Marina Jušković Br. Indeksa 171 Niš, 2017. UNIVERSITY OF NIŠ FACULTY OF SCIENCES AND MATHEMATICS DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY Anatomical and micromorphological variability of Crocus chrysanthus Herbert (Iridaceae) MASTER THESIS Candidate: Menthor: Milena M. Kostić Dr Marina Jušković no. of index 171 Niš, 2017. Zahvalnica Zahvaljujem se svim profesorima Prirodno-matematičkog fakulteta u Nišu koji su mi predavali tokom osnovnih i master studija, na velikom trudu i zalaganju da nam obezbede što veći kvalitet nastave i nivo znanja. Zahvaljujem svima koji su pomogli u izradi ovog master rada. Najsrdačnije se zahvaljujem mome mentoru, dr. Marini Jušković, na strpljenju i svesrdnoj pomoći prilikom izrade ovog rada. Najveću zahvalnost dugujem svojoj porodici na velikoj podršci i nesebičnoj pomoći koju su mi pružali svih ovih godina. Biografija kandidata Milena M. Kostić je rođena u Knjaževcu 08. maja 1991.godine, gde je i završila osnovnu školu “Dubrava” 2006. godine. Iste godine upisuje srednju medicinsku školu – medicinska sestra vaspitač, u Zaječaru i završava je sa odličnim uspehom 2010. godine. Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Nišu upisuje 2010. godine na Departmanu za biologiju i ekologiju. Osnovne akademske studije završava 2014. godine kada i upisuje master akademske studije na Departmanu za biologiju i ekologiju Prirodno-matematičkog-fakulteta u Nišu, smer Biologija. Master akademske studije završava 2017. godine. Sažetak U ovom radu analizirana je interpopulaciona diferencijacija vrste Crocus chrysanthus Herbert na osnovu varijabilnosti anatomskih karakteristika listova, pet prostorno udaljenih populacija, četiri iz Srbije (Knez Selo, dva lokaliteta, Kunovica, Kraljevica) i jedne iz Makedonije (Treskavec). Statističkom analizom je obuhvaćeno 14 kvantitativnih i 2 kvalitativna karaktera lista. Da bi se utvrdila diferencijacija populacija korišćene su standardne statističke analize, uključujući deskriptivnu statistiku, PCA i CDA. Najznačajniji karakteri za formiranje varijabilnosti između istraživanih populacija su: debljina kutikule lica lista, visina ćelija palisadnog parenhima, širina ćelija sunđerastog parenhima, visina i širina ćelija epidermisa naličja lista, kao i dužina, širina i površina stoma. Najveća morfološka diferencijacija je između populacije sa Knez Sela I i populacije iz Makedonije (Treskavec), dok je najveće preklapanje između populacije Kraljevica i populacije Kunovica. Između ostalih populacija dolazi do delimičnog preklapanja. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na potrebu daljeg istraživanja. Ključne reči: Crocus chrysanthus, populacija, anatomija lista, anatomska diferencijacija Abstract In this paper, the interpopulation differentiation of the species Crocus chrysanthus Herbert was analyzed based on the variability of the anatomical characteristics of leaves, five spatially distant populations, four from Serbia (Knez Selo, two locality, Kunovica, Kraljevica) and one from Macedonia (Treskavec). The statistical analysis included 14 quantitative and 2 qualitative characteristics of the leaf. To determine population differentiation, standard statistical analyzes, including descriptive statistics, PCA and CDA were used. The most important characteristic for the formation of variability among the investigated populations is: the thickness of the face of the leaf, the height of the palisade parenchyma cells, the width of the spongy parenchyma cells, the height and width of the leaf reverse epidermis cells, and the length, width and surface area of the stoma. The largest morphological differentiation is between the population of the Knez Selo I and the population from Macedonia (Treskavec), while the biggest overlap is between the population of Kraljevica and the population of Kunovica. There is a partial overlap between the rest of the population. The obtained results indicate the need for further research. Keywords: Crocus chrysanthus Herbert, population, leaves anatomy, anatomical differentiation SADRŽAJ 1. UVOD .......................................................................................................................................................2 1.1. Taksonomske karakteristike i specifičnosti roda Crocus L. ..........................................................3 1.2. Biološke krakteristike i specifičnosti roda Crocus L. ........................................................................3 1.3. Biološke karakteristike i specifičnosti vrste ......................................................................................... Crocus chrysanthus Herbert ......................................................................................................................6 1.4. Biogeografske i ekološke karakteristike vrste ...................................................................................... Crocus chrysanthus ...................................................................................................................................7 2. CILJEVI RADA…………………………………………………….........................................................9 3. MATERIJAL I METODE RADA ..........................................................................................................10 3.1.Terenska istraživanja i sakupljanje biljnog materijala ......................................................................10 3.2. Morfo-anatomska analiza .................................................................................................................10 3.3. Statistička obrada podataka ..............................................................................................................11 4. REZULTATI I DISKUSIJA ...................................................................................................................12 4.1. Anatomija i mikromorfologija lista vrste Crocus chrysanthus ........................................................12 4.2. Anatomske i mikromorfološke karakteristike populacije ..................................................................... sa lokaliteta Knez Selo (lokalitet I, brdo) ................................................................................................14 4.3. Anatomske i mikromorfološke karakteristike populacije ..................................................................... sa lokaliteta Knez Selo (lokalitet II, potok) .............................................................................................15 4.4. Anatomske i mikromorfološke karakteristike ...................................................................................... populacije sa lokaliteta Kunovica ............................................................................................................16 4.5. Anatomske i mikromorfološke karakteristike populacije .................................................................... sa lokaliteta Kraljevica (Zaječar) ............................................................................................................17 4.6. Anatomske i mikromorfološke karakteristike populacije .................................................................... sa lokaliteta Treskavec (Makedonija) ......................................................................................................18 4.7. Varijabilnost anatomskih karaktera ..................................................................................................19 4.8. Anatomska varijabilnost populacija roda Crocus .............................................................................23 5. ZAKLJUČAK .........................................................................................................................................28 6. LITERATURA ........................................................................................................................................29 Anatomska i mikromorfološka varijabilnost vrste Crocus chrysanthus Herbert (Iridaceae) 1. UVOD Rod Crocus L. je rasprostranjen u oblasti Mediterana i suvijoj florističkoj oblasti, istočno od Mediterana, poznatoj kao Irano-Turski region (Mathew, 1982). Obuhvata oko 129 poznatih vrsta, dok na području Srbije raste 17 vrsta (Stjepanović-Veseličić, 1976). Naziv roda potiče od grčke reči kroke ili krokos – što u prevodu znači konac, jer su žigovi šafrana končasti (Stjepanović-Veseličić, 1976). Sam naziv šafrana potiče od arapske reči az-za'fran koja u prevodu znači „biti žut”. Narodni nazivi za vrste pomenutog roda su: kaćun, kaćunak, šafran, brnduša, brnđuša. Šafran je jedna od najvrednijih biljaka koja od davnina predstavlja simbol mudrosti i bogatstva. Koristi se kao dekorativna, ukrasna, jestiva i začinska biljka. Njegovo poreklo nije precizno utvrđeno, jer se spominju različite zemlje Mediterana i Azije, počevši od stare Grčke, Krita i Irana. Slika [1]. Freska u palati Minos u Knososu (Krit) (žeteoci šafrana) Šafran poseduje i mnogobrojna lekovita svojstva. Vekovima se kao lek upotrebljava protiv oboljenja bubrega, poremećaja u radu srca koje je ispoljeno u vidu preskakanja i aritmije, a poboljšava apetit i reguliše varenje. Međutim, istraživanja su pokazala da, bez obzira na lekovitost, ukoliko se
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