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WANDERLEI DE MORAES.Pdf UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ WANDERLEI DE MORAES OCULAR MORPHOLOGY, PHISIOLOGY AND SELECTEAL OPHTHALMIC CLINICAL TESTS IN THE HARPY EAGLE (Harpia harpyja) CURITIBA 2018 WANDERLEI DE MORAES OCULAR MORPHOLOGY, PHISIOLOGY AND SELECTEAL OPHTHALMIC CLINICAL TESTS IN THE HARPY EAGLE (Harpia harpyja) Tese apresentada como requisito parcial à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências Veterinárias, no Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, da Universidade Federal do Paraná. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira CURITIBA 2018 Moraes, Wanderlei de Ocular morphology, phisiology and selecteal ophthalmic M827o clinical tests in the harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) / Wanderlei de Moraes. - Curitiba, 2018. 68 p.: il. Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias. Orientador: Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira 1. Águia. 2. Aves de rapina. 3. Animais de caça. 4. Oftalmologia veterinária. 5. Animais silvestres. I. Montiani- Ferreira, Fabiano. II. Título. III. Universidade Federal do Paraná. CDU 598.279.23: 619.77 Sistema de Bibliotecas/UFPR, Biblioteca de Ciências Agrárias Douglas Alex Jankoski – CRB 9/1167 A minha esposa Inah e aos meus filhos, Carolina e Luiz Filipe, penso mais que falo, o quanto amo vocês. AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiro ao meu orientador Fabiano, por ter aceitado me orientar, sabendo da dificuldade que eu teria em conciliar estudo e trabalho. Foi um grande desafio, mas tenho certeza que os frutos colhidos superaram todas as expectativas. Um agradecimento muito especial ao André Somma e ao Thiago Ferreira, mais que amigos e companheiros de jornada. Sem a ajuda de vocês este trabalho não seria possível. Vocês foram fundamentais e agradeço imensamente tudo o que fizeram. Aos meus colegas do doutorado e aos professores que permitiram compartilhar mais algumas descobertas, aprendizados e principalmente boas lembranças de um convívio feliz. Ao pessoal da Coordenação da Pós-graduação, em especial a Maria José pela ajuda inestimável. Aos integrantes do meu Comitê de Orientação, Prof. Rogério e Profa. Elizabeth, pelo apoio e incentivo durante o doutorado. Aos meus verdadeiros companheiros na Itaipu, em especial ao amigo Marcos José de Oliveira que trilhou comigo muitas montanhas, muitos baixios e caminhos tortuosos, mas sempre otimista e buscando o melhor do mundo para todos os seres desse planeta. Aos funcionários da empresa Trechos que amam os animais e que na labuta diária mantém a base de todo o trabalho com animais silvestres realizado no Zoológico Roberto Ribas Lange, meu muito obrigado. A médica Eliane Rossoni e a todo o pessoal da Vita Imagem da Unidade Hospital Costa Cavalcante pela grande ajuda, sem a qual boa parte do trabalho não seria possível. Amizade de muitos anos que sempre é renovada. Obrigado. E o que dizer de você Flávia Heloísa Rodriguez, querida companheira de muitas vidas e labutas, que me acompanha com afinco na dura doma do conhecimento, sem esquecer que ele tem que ser distribuído e plantado para florescer...... Um reconhecimento especial às minhas sobrinhas Paula e Julia, por resolverem o impossível em poucas horas e o possível em segundos. Poder contar com vocês foi maravilhoso. Aos meus queridos Luiz Augusto, Marcia (in memorian) e Masako Sato (in memorian), pela acolhida, carinho, alegria e incrível amizade. Pelos momentos compartilhados com simplicidade e lembranças eternas. À família Anfuso, companheiros de sonhos e de peregrinações pelo mundo da conservação ambiental. Guerreiros incansáveis pela proteção da natureza. À minha família, que sempre me apoiou em toda a minha vida e mais uma vez durante o doutorado. À minha esposa e aos meus filhos, o resumo do meu mundo. Aos animais silvestres por nos mostrar que lutar pela liberdade sempre vale a pena, agradeço por todo aprendizado nestes anos de profissão. Espero que este trabalho ajude a devolver a liberdade a alguns indivíduos que o convívio com a humanidade retirou da natureza, pois para mim o cativeiro deveria ser só uma passagem que recuperasse almas machucadas e devolvesse ao mundo anjos que estavam perdidos. À oportunidade de estar neste mundo para conviver, aprender, ensinar e não se conformar...... À Deus, de onde viemos e para onde retornamos. Yo Plantaré mi Árbol ... Aunque me quieran atajar a veces, y me arrodille solo y agotado, y a veces pierda el rumbo a lo sagrado, yo plantaré mi árbol. ... JUAN CARLOS CHEBEZ (1962–2011), 2003. RESUMO A presente tese de doutorado compreende uma introdução, onde a espécie estudada é caracterizada e apresentada, abordando a importância da visão para as aves de rapina e a oftalmologia em aves. O primeiro capítulo descreve as características morfológicas mais relevantes do olho da águia harpia, a órbita óssea e estabelece valores de referência para teste de Schirmer (STT), análise da microbiota conjuntival, tonometria de rebote, tonometria de aplanação, espessura corneana central (CCT), biometria ocular de ultrassom ocular em modo B, comprimento palpebral e medidas biométricas da órbita e crânio, permitindo compreender melhor alguns aspectos importantes do sistema visual desta ave de rapina e ajudando profissionais de medicina aviária e de oftalmologia veterinária a diagnosticar doenças oculares. O segundo capítulo trata de artigo publicado no periódico Veterinary Ophthalmology, onde são avaliados os parâmetros de velocidade sanguínea da artéria pectinis oculi usando ultrassonografia Doppler. O animal modelo utilizado nesta pesquisa foi a águia harpia e os dados encontrados sugerem uma alta atividade metabólica em pecten oculi e corroboram a hipótese de uma função nutricional e/ou regulação da pressão intraocular. Palavras-chave: águia harpia, rapinantes, oftalmologia, veterinária, aves de rapina, animais silvestres. ABSTRACT The present doctoral thesis comprises an introduction where the species studied is characterized and presented, addressing the importance of the vision for birds of prey and birds ophthalmology. The first chapter describes the most relevant morphological characteristics of the harpy eagle's eye, its bony orbit and establishes reference values for Schirmer's tear test (STT), conjunctival microbiota analysis, rebound tonometry, applanation tonometry, central corneal thickness (CCT), B-mode ultrasound ocular biometry, palpebral length and biometric measurements of the orbit and skull, allowing a better understanding of some important aspects of the visual system of this bird of prey and helping veterinary medicine and veterinary ophthalmology professionals in the diagnosis of eye diseases. The second chapter presents an article published in the journal Veterinary Ophthalmology, where the blood velocity parameters of the pectinis oculi artery are evaluated using Doppler ultrasonography. The animal model used in this research was the harpy eagle and the data found suggest a high metabolic activity in pecten oculi and corroborating with the hypothesis of a nutritional function and/or regulation of intraocular pressure. Keywords: harpy eagle, prey, ophthalmology, veterinary, birds of prey, wild animals. LISTA DE FIGURAS CAPÍTULO I – THE EYE OF THE HARPY EAGLE (Harpia harpyja): MORPHOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS AND REFERENCE VALUES FOR SELECTED OPHTHALMIC TESTS FIGURA 1 – PHOTOGRAPHS OF SELECTED OCULAR TESTS BEING PERFORMED IN HARPY EAGLE (Harpia harpyja). A. PHOTOGRAPH OF A STT1 BEING PERFORMED IN THE RIGHT EYE OF A REPRESENTATIVE HARPY. B. SAMPLES FOR MICROBIOLOGIC ANALYSIS OBTAINED BY SWABBING THE OCULAR SURFACE. C. REBOUND TONOMETRY BEING PERFORMED. D. APPLANATION TONOMETRY BEING PERFORMED E. DETAIL OF THE CCT BEING PERFORMED. F PALPEBRAL FISSURE LENGTH BEING MEASURED. G AND H. INTERORBITAL MEASUREMENTS BEING MADE, BETWEEN BOTH LEFT AND RIGHT NASAL CANTHUS AND LATERAL CANTUS, RESPECTIVELY ……..25 FIGURA 2 – DORSAL (A) AND LEFT ROSTROLATERAL (B) ASPECTS OF AN ADULT HARPY (Harpia harpyja). LEGEND: F, FRONTAL BONE; FOP, OPTIC FORAMEN; J, JUGAL ARCH; L, LACRIMAL BONE; MSO, SUPRAORBITAL MARGIN; N, NASAL BONE; OS, SUPERCILIARY BONE; P, PALATINE BONE; EG, ECTETMOID PROCESS; POL, ORBITAL PROCESS OF LACRIMAL BONE; PPO, POST-ORBITAL PROCESS; PT, PTERYGOID BONE; PSL, SUPRAORBITAL PROCESS OF LACRIMAL BONE; Q, SQUARE BONE. BARS: 1CM ......................29 FIGURA 3 – CAUDOLATERAL VIEW OF THE ROSTRAL WALL OF THE LEFT (A) AND RIGHT (B) ORBITS OF AN ADULT HARPY (Harpia harpyja). LEGEND: FI, INTERORBITAL FONT; FOL, LATERAL ORBITONASAL FORAMEN; J, JUGAL ARCH; P, PALATINE BONE; EG, ECTETMOID PROCESS; POL, ORBITAL PROCESS OF LACRIMAL BONE; Q, SQUARE BONE; IF, INTERORBITAL SEPTUM. NOTE THE TRIANGULAR BONE (ASTERISK) ARTICULATED TO THE ECTETMOID PROCESS AND THE DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS OF THE PROCESSES AND THE TRIANGULAR BONES ON EACH SIDE. BARS: 1CM .....29 FIGURA 4 – LATERAL ASPECT OF THE LEFT ORBIT OF AN ADULT HARPY EAGLE (Harpia harpyja) SYNCHRANIUM AND CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS. LEGEND: FI, INTERORBITAL FONT; FM, MAXILLOMANDUBULAR FORAMEN; FNC, SET OF FORAMINA FOR CRANIAL NERVES; FO, OLIGO-FORAMEN; FOC, ORBITOCRANIAL FONT; FOL, LATERAL ORBITONASAL FORAMEN; FOM, MEDIAL ORBITONASAL FORAMEN; FOP, OPTIC FORAMEN; J, JUGAL ARCH; L, LACRIMAL BONE; MSO, SUPRAORBITAL MARGIN; SUPERCILIARY BONE; P, PALATINE BONE; EG, ECTETMOID PROCESS; POL, ORBITAL PROCESS OF LACRIMAL BONE; POT, OPTICAL SQUARE PROCESS; PPO, POST-ORBITAL PROCESS; PSL, SUPRAORBITAL LACRIMAL PROCESS; PT, PTERYGOID BONE; Q, SQUARE BONE; IF, INTERORBITAL SEPTUM; ONLY, OLFACTORY GROOVE. NOTE THE TRIANGULAR BONE (ASTERISK) ARTICULATED TO THE ECTETMOID PROCESS
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