A History of Indiana from Its Exploration to 1850
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Please do not assume that a book's appearance in 'The Builder' library means it can be used in any manner anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe. The Webmaster (VELUTJ i> *VO| Presented to the LIBRARY of the UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO by Ontario Legislative Library INDIANA TERRITORY, 1800, By E. V. SHOCKLEY k * A HISTORY OF INDIANA Jg; * FROM ITS EXPLORATION u. TO 1850 BY LOGAN ESAREY, Ph. D. Instructor in Western History in Indiana University ifti Wft ! _ W. K. STEWART CO. INDIANAPOLIS 1915 Copyright, 1915 BY LOGAN ESAIIEY PREFACE IN the preparation of this book several unexpected ob- stacles have been met. In the first place many traditional stories popularly regarded as substantial history have been found to be without historical foundation. In the second place there is no considerable collection of historical mate- rial to draw upon. Other States have published their docu- mentary materials and thus made them available to his- torians, but that work remains to be done in Indiana. In the third place many of the State publications have been found, after close study, to be unreliable, others are bound without indexes, tables of contents, or even continuous pag- ination. In many cases it is necessary to turn through a record, page by page, to find any desired information. These conditions have made it necessary to found every ma- terial statement on a primary source. Such work is slow and very tedious. INDIANA UNIVERSITY, October 30, 1914. CONTENTS CHAPTER I THE FRENCH IN INDIANA 1 THE JESUITS PLAN A NATION OF CHRISTIAN INDIANS 1 2 THE FUR TRADERS 3 3 LOUIS XIV AND THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY 8 4 THE MIAMI INDIANS 10 5 THE FIRST SETTLEMENTS IN INDIANA 14 6 THE FRENCH SETTLERS 22 CHAPTER II THE ENGLISH PERIOD, 1764-1779 28 7 ENGLISH CONQUEST AND GOVERNMENT 28 8 PONTIAC'S WAR 31 9 THE JOURNEY OF GEORGE CROGHAN 37 10 ENGLAND TAKES POSSESSION AND ORGANIZES THE COUNTRY 40 CHAPTER III THE CONQUEST BY VIRGINIA, 1778-1779 47 11 THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION AND THE IN- DIANS 47 12 THE CAPTURE OF KASKASKIA 48 13 PIERRE GIBAULT AND THE CAPTURE OF VIN- CENNES 52 14 THE LAST CAPTURE OF VINCENNES 59 15 CIVIL GOVERNMENT UNDER VIRGINIA 67 CHAPTER IV CLOSING CAMPAIGNS OF THE REVOLUTION 70 16 INDIANS OF INDIANA 70 17 LAST STAGE OF THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR IN THE WEST 78 18 THE INDIANS BECOME THE WARDS OF THE UNITED STATES.. 89 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER V INDIAN WARS, 1790-1796 92 19 THE STRUGGLE FOR THE OHIO RIVER BOUN- DARY 92 20 THE CONQUEST OF THE MIAMIS 104 21 A YEAR OF NEGOTIATIONS AND THE END OF THE WAR 120 CHAPTER VI GOVERNMENT OF THE NORTH- WEST TERRITORY 126 22 ORGANIZATION OF THE NORTHWEST TERRI- TORY 126 23 THE GOVERNMENT AT MARIETTA 130 24 VINCENNES LAND CLAIMS 132 25 INDIANA A PART OF KNOX COUNTY 137 26 GOVERNMENT UNDER THE JUDGES 138 27 CIVIL GOVERNMENT OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY 142 28 HARRISON IN CONGRESS 151 CHAPTER VII INDIANA TERRITORY, 1800-1816 154 29 ORGANIZATION OF INDIANA TERRITORY 154 30 INDIANA MADE A TERRITORY OF THE SECOND GRADE 159 31 THE TERRITORIAL LEGISLATURE 169 32 AARON BURR'S CONSPIRACY 177 33 DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY 178 CHAPTER VIII INDIANA AND THE WAR OF 1812 181 34 AFTER THE TREATY OF GREENVILLE 181 35 TIPPECANOE 186 36 INDIAN WARS OF THE FRONTIER 190 37 LIFE ON THE FRONTIER 198 CHAPTER IX FROM TERRITORY TO STATE, 1813-1816 203 38 NEW SETTLEMENTS 203 39 REMOVAL OF THE TERRITORIAL CAPITAL TO CORYDON, 1813 . 210 TABLE OF CONTENTS vii 40 THE ENABLING ACT 213 41 THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OF 1816_ 217 CHAPTER X THE STATE GOVERNMENT AT CORYDON, 1816-1825 222 42 THE NEW CONSTITUTION IN OPERATION 222 43 THE INDIANS 228 44 FIRST STATE BANK AND THE OHIO FALLS CANAL 233 45 MOVING THE CAPITAL TO INDIANAPOLIS, 1825 237 46 SETTLEMENT OF THE NEW PURCHASE 239 47 SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ORGANIZATION 248 CHAPTER XI ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, 1825-1835 254 48 EARLY ROADS 254 49 THE MICHIGAN ROAD 257 50 STAGE LINES i 261 51 OPENING THE STREAMS TO NAVIGATION 263 52 THE FLATBOAT TRADE 269 53 EARLY MAIL SERVICE 272 54 SETTLEMENT OF THE WABASH COUNTRY 273 CHAPTER XII RELIGION AND EDUCATION IN EARLY INDIANA 279 55 CHURCHES 279 56 EDUCATION 289 CHAPTER XIII POLITICS FROM 1825 TO 1840__ 296 57 THE JACKSONIAN PARTY 296 58 THE INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT PARTY 304 59 THE HARRISON CAMPAIGNS 311 CHAPTER XIV REMOVAL OF THE INDIANS FROM THE STATE 323 60 THE TREATY GROUNDS 323 61 BLACK HAWK'S WAR, 1832 - 325 62 REMOVAL OF THE MIAMIS AND POTTAWAT- TOMIES _ 332 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER V INDIAN WARS, 1790-1796 92 19 THE STRUGGLE FOR THE OHIO RIVER BOUN- DARY 92 20 THE CONQUEST OF THE MIAMIS 104 21 A YEAR OF NEGOTIATIONS AND THE END OF THE WAR 120 CHAPTER VI GOVERNMENT OF THE NORTH- WEST TERRITORY 126 22 ORGANIZATION OF THE NORTHWEST TERRI- TORY 126 23 THE GOVERNMENT AT MARIETTA 130 24 VINCENNES LAND CLAIMS 132 25 INDIANA A PART OF KNOX COUNTY 137 26 GOVERNMENT UNDER THE JUDGES 138 27 CIVIL GOVERNMENT OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY 142 28 HARRISON IN CONGRESS 151 CHAPTER VII INDIANA TERRITORY, 1800-1816 154 29 ORGANIZATION OF INDIANA TERRITORY 154 30 INDIANA MADE A TERRITORY OF THE SECOND GRADE 159 31 THE TERRITORIAL LEGISLATURE 169 32 AARON BURR'S CONSPIRACY 177 33 DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY 178 CHAPTER VIII INDIANA AND THE WAR OF 1812 181 34 AFTER THE TREATY OF GREENVILLE 181 35 TIPPECANOE 186 36 INDIAN WARS OF THE FRONTIER 190 37 LIFE ON THE FRONTIER 198 CHAPTER IX FROM TERRITORY TO STATE, 1813-1816 203 38 NEW SETTLEMENTS 203 39 REMOVAL OF THE TERRITORIAL CAPITAL TO CORYDON, 1813 _ - 210 TABLE OF CONTENTS vii 40 THE ENABLING ACT 213 41 THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OF 1816_ 217 CHAPTER X THE STATE GOVERNMENT AT CORYDON, 1816-1825 222 42 THE NEW CONSTITUTION IN OPERATION 222 43 THE INDIANS 228 44 FIRST STATE BANK AND THE OHIO FALLS CANAL 233 45 MOVING THE CAPITAL TO INDIANAPOLIS, 1825 237 46 SETTLEMENT OF THE NEW PURCHASE 239 47 SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ORGANIZATION 248 CHAPTER XI ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, 1825-1835 254 48 EARLY ROADS 254 49 THE MICHIGAN ROAD 257 50 STAGE LINES i 261 51 OPENING THE STREAMS TO NAVIGATION 263 52 THE FLATBOAT TRADE 269 53 EARLY MAIL SERVICE 272 54 SETTLEMENT OF THE WABASH COUNTRY 273 CHAPTER XII RELIGION AND EDUCATION IN EARLY INDIANA 279 55 CHURCHES 279 56 EDUCATION 289 CHAPTER XIII POLITICS FROM 1825 TO 1840 296 57 THE JACKSONIAN PARTY 296 58 THE INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT PARTY 304 59 THE HARRISON CAMPAIGNS 311 CHAPTER XIV REMOVAL OF THE INDIANS FROM THE STATE 323 60 THE TREATY GROUNDS 323 61 BLACK HAWK'S WAR, 1832 325 62 REMOVAL OF THE MIAMIS AND POTTAWAT- TOMIES _ . 332 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER XV THE PUBLIC LANDS IN IN- DIANA 340 63 THE SURVEY, ITS METHODS AND AREA 340 64 LAND OFFICES 342 65 LAND SALES 344 CHAPTER XVI SYSTEMATIC INTERNAL IM- PROVEMENTS 352 66 THE PROBLEM, THE PEOPLE, AND THE LEGIS- LATURE 352 67 THE WABASH AND ERIE CANAL 355 68 THE SYSTEM OF 1836 360 69 CONSTRUCTION OF CANALS AND ROADS 366 70 THE SETTLEMENT WITH THE CREDITORS 378 71 FINISHING THE WABASH AND ERIE CANAL. _ 385 CHAPTER XVII THE SECOND BANK OF IN- DIANA 394 72 CHARTERING THE BANK IN 1834 394 73 ORGANIZATION AND POLICY OF THE BANK 399 74 THE PANIC OF 1837 403 75 THE ERA OF FREE BANKS 408 76 BANK OF THE STATE OF INDIANA THE THIRD STATE BANK, 1855-1865 413 CHAPTER XVIII THE PIONEERS AND THEIR SOCIAL LIFE 418 77 THE PEOPLE 418 78 HOME LIFE AND CUSTOMS 421 79 OCCUPATIONS 424 80 THE FIRST PUBLIC UTILITIES 428 81 FESTIVALS AND FESTIVITIES 429 82 SICKNESS AND PHYSICIANS 432 83 STATE CHARITIES 435 CHAPTER XIX THE MEXICAN WAR 438 84 TEXAS AND OREGON QUESTIONS 438 85 INDIANA MILITIA IN 1846_.