DOCSLIB.ORG

Modest Dress As Literacy Practice in English-Speaking Conservative Mennonite Groups" (2018)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Modest Dress As Literacy Practice in English-Speaking Conservative Mennonite Groups University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects January 2018 Modest Dress As Literacy Practice In English- Speaking Conservative Mennonite Groups Megan Mong Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Recommended Citation Mong, Megan, "Modest Dress As Literacy Practice In English-Speaking Conservative Mennonite Groups" (2018). Theses and Dissertations. 2290. https://commons.und.edu/theses/2290 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MODEST DRESS AS LITERACY PRACTICE IN ENGLISH-SPEAKING CONSERVATIVE MENNONITE GROUPS by Megan Lois Mong Diploma in Bible and Theology, Sharon Mennonite Bible School, 2007 Bachelor of Arts, Thomas Edison State University, 2010 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota in partial ful!llment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Grand Forks, North Dakota August 2018 Copyright 2018 Megan Lois Mong !ii This thesis, submitted by Megan Lois Mong in partial ful!llment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Linguistics from the University of North Dakota, has been read by the Faculty Advisory Committee under whom the work has been done and is hereby approved. ______________________________________ John M. Clifton / Chair ______________________________________ Kim Donehower ______________________________________ Douglas M. Fraiser This thesis is being submitted by the appointed advisory committee as having met all of the requirements of the School of Graduate Studies at the University of North Dakota and is hereby approved. ___________________________________ Grant McGimpsey Dean of the School of Graduate Studies ___________________________________ Date !iii PERMISSION Title Modest Dress as Literacy Practice in English-Speaking Conservative Mennonite Groups Department Linguistics Degree Master of Arts In presenting this thesis in partial ful!llment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the library of this University shall make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for extensive copying for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor who supervised my thesis work or, in his absence, by the Chairperson of the department or the dean of the School of Graduate Studies. It is understood that any copying or publication or other use of this thesis or part thereof for !nancial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of North Dakota in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Megan Lois Mong July 20, 2018 !iv CONTENTS List of Figures . vii List of Tables . viii Acknowledgements . ix Abstract . x CHAPTER 1. Introduction . 1 2. Methodology . 5 2.1. Oral History Method . 5 2.2. The Narrators . 7 2.3. The Interviews . 18 3. Multimodalities: Clothing and Codifed Sign Systems . 22 3.1. Multimodalities in the Digital Age . 23 3.2. Rumsey’s Alternate Understanding of Multimodality in Literacy . 24 3.3. Centering Within Semiotics . 26 3.4. Multimodalities in Mennonite Dress . 28 4. Modest Dress in Literacy Practice: Alphabetic and Multimodal Literacies . 38 4.1. Modest Dress in Literacy Practice: Alphabetic Texts . 40 4.2. Modest Dress in Literacy Practice: Clothing as Multimodal Text . 44 5. Modest Dress Practices as Heritage Literacy . 50 v 5.1. Heritage Literacy Themes: Personal Stories . 51 5.2. Heritage Literacy Themes: Changes in Clothing Styles . 56 6. Identity, Afliation and Social Parallels to Traditional Orthography . 59 6.1. Codifcation of Religious Identity as a Diferentiated Social Group . 61 6.2. Parallels with Traditional Orthography in the Construction of Social Identity . 65 6.3. Multimodalities and the Codifcation of Group Afliation . 69 7. Embodied Texts as Critical Literacy . 75 7.1. Performing and Positioning Embodied Texts . 75 7.2. Modest Dress as a Critical Literacy Performance . 78 8. Conclusion . 82 APPENDICES . 86 References . 126 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Amy’s Outft at her Interview . 8 2. Alicia’s Outft at her Interview . 9 3. Claudia’s Outft at her Interview . 11 4. Charlene’s Outft at her Interview . 12 5. Roman’s Outfts at his Interview . 13 6. Martha’s Outft at her Interview . 15 7. Elaine’s Outft at her Interview . 16 8. Joyce’s Outft at her Interview . 17 9. Screen Shot of Zappos.com . 23 10. Front, Side and Back View of Charlene’s Cape Dress . 28 11. Front and Back View of Claudia’s Layered Outft . 29 12. Claudia’s Veil and Charlene’s Covering . 30 13. Roman Wearing Dressy Clothes and Church Clothes . 33 14. Roman Showing the Hook and Eye Clasps on His Plain Suit . 34 15. Veiling and Coverings Styles . 35 vii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Mennonite Groups who Patronize Joyce’s Store . 73 viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My research would have been impossible without the aid and support of John M. Clifton, who exceeded my expectations for a committee chair. I am thankful to both John and Debbie for opening their home to me and to John for detailed feedback and second mile support. My sincere thanks also goes to Doug Fraiser and Kim Donehower for supporting me on my committee and making my thesis better. I value your input. I am profoundly thankful to all the brilliant academics I have met over the years in my studies at SIL-UND. You are too many to name. Your impact on my life and mind will continue the rest of my life. My deepest thanks also goes to all the staf and professors at Sharon Mennonite Bible Institute. You taught me to love the intellectual coherence of Anabaptism. I am better because of you. I am grateful to each of the eight narrators who participated in my research: Alicia, Amy, Charlene, Claudia, Elaine, Joyce, Martha and Roman. Your words will continue to touch many people. I would like to thank Suzanne Rumsey who was kind enough to read over my thesis and ofer her feedback and support. I appreciate your inspiration. My gratitude to my family knows no limits. I would not be here without your con- tinued challenge to be all that I can be. A special thanks to you, Mom and Giovanni, for your motivation. Lastly, research on Anabaptism would be incomplete without thanks to Divine glory, both veiled and unveiled. ix ABSTRACT English-speaking conservative Mennonites exercise a distinct set of dress practices that are not often understood by people outside the community. Advances in New Liter- acy Studies pave the way to understand their dress practices as a type of literacy. Multiple literacies work together to inform conservative Mennonite dress practices. One of these literacies is the reading and writing of religious texts. A second literacy is a form of her- itage literacy where clothing functions as a multimodal text. Conservative Mennonites use their clothing to codify their Christian identity, gender roles and church afliation. They intend their clothing to represent who they are to the people around them. A con- servative Mennonite woman's head covering is a subversive, embodied text that corrects power imbalances they perceive between masculine and feminine. The results of viewing Mennonite dress practices through the lens of literacy show them to be a coherent sign system that passes between generations. x CHAPTER 1 Introduction Conservative Mennonites exercise a distinct set of dress practices. A visitor to Lan- caster County, a place with a large population of conservative Mennonites, will see Men- nonite women in long skirts and dresses with cloth prayer veils on their heads. This cloth- ing diferentiates them from members of mainstream society and is an important part of their heritage, handed down from generation to generation. Dress practice is integral to what it means to be a conservative Mennonite. Mennonites are part of the Anabaptist family of the Christian faith. Other Anabaptist groups include Hutterites, Brethern and, most famously, the Amish. Anabaptists distin- guish themselves within the Christian tradition by beliefs and practices such as the exercise of free will, adult baptism, the Christian woman’s veiling, non-resistance and the refusal to participate in war (Anderson 2013). Conservative Mennonites are one of three divisions in the Mennonite tradition: Old Order, conservative and mainline (Anderson 2013). Mainline Mennonite churches do not dress distinctly Mennonite and present themselves similarly to mainstream Evangeli- cals. Old Order churches are most similar to the stereotype of Amish, a label frequently misapplied to all Anabaptist people who diferentiate themselves from mainstream dress practices by dressing “plain.” Like the Amish, some Old Order groups still use horse and buggy transportation and primarily speak Pennsylvania Dutch1 at home and among the community. Conservative Mennonites fll the cultural space between the mainline and Old Order traditions. 1 Pennsylvania Dutch is a term local speakers use to refer to Pennsylvania German. I have chosen to use the term Pennsylvania Dutch in this thesis to maintain consistency with the narrators as they refer to the language in their interviews. Pennsylvania Dutch is not a form of Dutch, but is instead a member of the High Franconian family of Germanic, closely related to German (Green 1990). The ISO 639-3 code is [pdc]. 1 Like Old Order Mennonites, conservative Mennonites are “distinctly plain Anabap- tist in their adherence to a consortium of concrete, highly visible symbols” such as the Christian woman’s prayer veil, the non-wearing of jewelry and other clothing practices (Anderson 2013), the topic of this thesis.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Editors' Introduction
    Editors’ Introduction Volume 1, Issue 2 Joseph F. Donnermeyer Emeritus Professor/Academy Professor School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University [email protected] Steven M. Nolt Professor of History and Anabaptist Studies Young Center for Anabaptist and Pietist Studies Elizabethtown College [email protected] Published March 24, 2021 https://doi.org/10.18061/jpac.v1i2.8234 ere we are! Near the end of winter and looking forward to spring. COVID-19 vaccines are H rolling out and millions have already received their vaccinations or know their turn is soon to come. This issue of JPAC includes a chronicle of COVID-19 events during 2020 and the pandemic’s impact on Amish communities, as seen through mass media coverage aggregated on Erik Wesner’s Amish America website. Woven through his account are about 90 links to news sources organized around themes such as public health outreach to Amish communities, public perceptions—pro and con—of the Amish response to the virus, COVID-19 cases among the Amish, and others. Wesner’s article is must reading for anyone interested in the impact of COVID- 19 on the Amish, on media coverage of Plain communities, and on the nuanced and diverse reactions of the Amish to the pandemic. In addition, this issue’s “Fieldwork and Reflections” section includes the observations of Victor Stoltzfus on COVID-19 and the large Elkhart- LaGrange Amish settlement in northern Indiana. (We expect to include more COVID-related articles in the next issue of JPAC, vol. 2, no. 1, Summer 2021.) Beyond the pandemic, this issue includes a number of articles that will delight aficionados of population studies and those “eggheads” among us who love statistics.
    [Show full text]
  • Theoretical Implications of the Beachy Amish-Mennonites DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Th
    Theoretical Implications of the Beachy Amish-Mennonites DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Cory Alexander Anderson Graduate Program in Rural Sociology The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Joseph Donnermeyer, Advisor Richard Moore Edward Crenshaw Copyrighted by Cory Alexander Anderson 2014 Abstract One of the hallmarks of social science is the interaction of theory and methods/data, the former guiding the latter and the latter refining the former, in a cyclical relationship. The goal of theory is to provide explanations for and even predict a range of human behaviors. One potential cause of theoretical stagnation is an over focus on a singular, usually easily accessible group. Given the persistence of plain Anabaptists like the Amish as a highly distinct subgroup in American society, their utility for refining sociological theories is persuasive, but has rarely been employed to this end because of their social inaccessibility, shyness towards social science research, and the popular interpretive frames placed on them that distract would-be investigators. Even with Amish-focused scholarship, the emphasis has been largely on describing the population or applying theory to understand the Amish case, but not returning findings back to theory in critique and revision. This dissertation introduces and contextualizes the plain Anabaptists, then describes the Beachy Amish-Mennonites, a group within the Amish religious tension, but dealing markedly with tensions between separatism and assimilation. Following this introduction are three independent studies that demonstrate the use of plain Anabaptists to refine theory.
    [Show full text]
  • Sketching the Stories of the Ausbund Carita B
    The University of Akron IdeaExchange@UAkron The Dr. Gary B. and Pamela S. Williams Honors Honors Research Projects College Fall 2015 Sketching the Stories of the Ausbund Carita B. Keim Ms. University of Akron Main Campus, [email protected] Please take a moment to share how this work helps you through this survey. Your feedback will be important as we plan further development of our repository. Follow this and additional works at: http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/honors_research_projects Part of the Nonfiction Commons Recommended Citation Keim, Carita B. Ms., "Sketching the Stories of the Ausbund" (2015). Honors Research Projects. 215. http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/honors_research_projects/215 This Honors Research Project is brought to you for free and open access by The Dr. Gary B. and Pamela S. Williams Honors College at IdeaExchange@UAkron, the institutional repository of The nivU ersity of Akron in Akron, Ohio, USA. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Research Projects by an authorized administrator of IdeaExchange@UAkron. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. “To the praise of God . though very coarse”: Sketching the Stories of the Ausbund Critical Essay The Ausbund, a hymnbook, is a historical anomaly for its tenacious usage. The Amish, one of the few surviving folk cultures in the United States, still sing the hymns in the original German. Their ancestors penned the words to these hymns nearly five hundred years ago on another continent. Ironically, the Amish arose in opposition to the Latin Christian Church (later known as the Roman Catholic Church), yet could be considered to be nearly their equal in their tradition.
    [Show full text]
  • The Diffusion of Beachy Amish Mennonite Congregations in the US South
    The Diffusion of Beachy Amish Mennonite Congregations in the US South A Regional Chronicle and Spatial Analysis by Cory Alexander Anderson 2006 Second Draft (additional revisions pending) 2 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 4 The Beachy Amish Mennonites in the US South.................................................................... 4 Background of the Beachy Amish Mennonites ...................................................................... 4 Other Contemporary Amish Mennonite Groups................................................................... 7 Maranatha Amish Mennonite ................................................................................................. 7 Mennonite Christian Fellowship............................................................................................. 8 Conservative (Amish) Mennonite Conference ........................................................................ 8 Biblical Mennonite Alliance ................................................................................................... 9 Unaffiliated Amish Mennonite ................................................................................................ 9 Distribution of Beachy Congregations .................................................................................. 10 Part I: History and Diffusion of the Beachy Congregations in the US South ....................... 12 Introduction ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect repmduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscn'pt and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing fmm left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manusuipt have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6' x 9' black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustmtions appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell 8 HowaH Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 USA EARLY SEVENTEENTH CENTURY MENNONITE CONFESSIONS OF FAITH: THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANABAPTIST TRADITION by Karl Peter Koop A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Theology of the University of St. Michae18s College and the Department of Theology of the Toronto School of Theology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theology awarded by the University of St.
    [Show full text]
  • The German Identity Op Mennonite Brethren Immigrants in Canada, 1930-1960
    THE GERMAN IDENTITY OP MENNONITE BRETHREN IMMIGRANTS IN CANADA, 1930-1960 by BENJAMIN WALL REDEKOP B.A., Fresno Pacific College, 1985 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF HISTORY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA September 1990 ©BENJAMIN WALL REDEKOP, 1990 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of l4i£4p/' The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date DE-6 (2/88) ii ABSTRACT Little scholarly research has been done on the function of Germanism among Mennonites who immigrated to Canada from Russia in the 1920's, and what has been done often relies on an oversimplified "desire for separation" to explain the phenomenon. At the same time, it has been argued that the enthusiasm for Nazi Germany among Mennonite immigrants in Canada is to be understood as part of a larger "Volks-German awakening". In fact, the Mennonite experience of brutal treatment during the Bolshevik Revolution, the economic conditions of the Great Depression, and assinflationist pressures from Canadian society put them in a naturally receptive position for the cultural, political and ethnic ideas associated with the "new Germany".
    [Show full text]
  • Hymnody of Eastern Pennsylvania German Mennonite Communities: Notenbüchlein (Manuscript Songbooks) from 1780 to 1835
    HYMNODY OF EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA GERMAN MENNONITE COMMUNITIES: NOTENBÜCHLEIN (MANUSCRIPT SONGBOOKS) FROM 1780 TO 1835 by Suzanne E. Gross Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Maryland in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1994 Advisory Committee: Professor Howard Serwer, Chairman/Advisor Professor Carol Robertson Professor Richard Wexler Professor Laura Youens Professor Hasia Diner ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: HYMNODY OF EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA GERMAN MENNONITE COMMUNITIES: NOTENBÜCHLEIN (MANUSCRIPT SONGBOOKS) FROM 1780 TO 1835 Suzanne E. Gross, Doctor of Philosophy, 1994 Dissertation directed by: Dr. Howard Serwer, Professor of Music, Musicology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland As part of an effort to maintain their German culture, the late eighteenth-century Mennonites of Eastern Pennsylvania instituted hymn-singing instruction in the elementary community schoolhouse curriculum. Beginning in 1780 (or perhaps earlier), much of the hymn-tune repertoire, previously an oral tradition, was recorded in musical notation in manuscript songbooks (Notenbüchlein) compiled by local schoolmasters in Mennonite communities north of Philadelphia. The practice of giving manuscript songbooks to diligent singing students continued until 1835 or later. These manuscript songbooks are the only extant clue to the hymn repertoire and performance practice of these Mennonite communities at the turn of the nineteenth century. By identifying the tunes that recur most frequently, one can determine the core repertoire of the Franconia Mennonites at this time, a repertoire that, on balance, is strongly pietistic in nature. Musically, the Notenbüchlein document the shift that occured when these Mennonite communities incorporated written transmission into their oral tradition.
    [Show full text]
  • The Changing Sociolinguistic Identities of the Beachy Amish- Mennonites
    Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies Volume 7 Issue 1 Special issue: The Beachy Amish- Article 12 Mennonite Churches 2019 The Changing Sociolinguistic Identities of the Beachy Amish- Mennonites Joshua Brown Follow this and additional works at: https://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/amishstudies Part of the Linguistics Commons Please take a moment to share how this work helps you through this survey. Your feedback will be important as we plan further development of our repository. Recommended Citation Brown, Joshua R. 2019. "The Changing Sociolinguistic Identities of the Beachy Amish-Mennonites." Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies 7(1):19-31. This Original Research Article is brought to you for free and open access by IdeaExchange@UAkron, the institutional repository of The University of Akron in Akron, Ohio, USA. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies by an authorized administrator of IdeaExchange@UAkron. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. The Changing Sociolinguistic Identities of the Beachy Amish- Mennonites JOSHUA R. BROWN Associate Professor of German and Linguistics Department of Languages University of Wisconsin—Eau Claire Abstract: The study of Beachy Amish-Mennonite identities is a complex endeavor. As a loosely- organized fellowship, the Beachys have no overarching governing body that dictates symbols of their Anabaptist commitment to nonconformity. Often Beachys are described as existing on a religious continuum between the Old Order Amish and Mennonites, yet defining Beachys as what they are not does not adequately establish the religious identities that Beachys negotiate for themselves. This article addresses the negotiation of sociolinguistic identities—where language and religious identities intersect—alongside cultural change for two Beachy congregations in Central Pennsylvania.
    [Show full text]
  • Apology and Forgiveness Among Anabaptists, Lutherans
    Winter 2012 | vol 21, no 2 apology and Remembering in a new way: Embracing forgiveness forgiveness among Anabaptists, Lutherans and by Larry Miller Catholics | by Rachel Nafziger Hartzler Hans and his wife, Ursula, are from Germany and were not like “God can re-write our story,” said one Amish participant in the most of the visitors that come “Healing of memories” event at Menno-Hof in Shipshewana on through Menno-Hof. Hans is a Jan. 20, 2012. Presenters John Rempel and André Gingerich Lutheran theologian and retired Stoner encouraged the group of about 70 attendees to reconsider professor—Ursula is an educator. the way martyr stories are told in Amish and Mennonite settings. They visited Shipshewana in Oct. Prompted by apologies from the descendants of Christians who 2010 as church enthusiasts. persecuted Anabaptists in the sixteenth and Hans’ interest in different seventeenth centuries, twenty-first century aspects of the Amish and Anabaptists have an opportunity to forgive and Mennonites went beyond the remember in a new way. horse and buggy and disaster Along with the stories of thousands of relief work tags we are often martyrs in the Martyrs Mirror, Menno-Hof has questioned about at Menno-Hof. kept alive the memory of persecutions of early Hans asked me if I knew about Anabaptists. Over the years, many individuals Andreas Karlstadt, a German have apologized after listening to stories in Christian theologian during the Menno-Hof’s “dungeon” room. The following Protestant Reformation also a priest historical proceedings were summarized at the and contemporary of Martin Luther. Jan. 20 event.
    [Show full text]
  • Ontario Mennonite History Is Published Semi-Annually by the Mennonite Historical Society of Ontario, Conrad Grebel College
    MY RELATIVES: Ultra Conservative Mennonites Ontario by Charlotte Martin Mennonite History THE NEWSLETTER OF THE MENNONITE HISTORICAL A farm near Linwood belonging to a member of the David Martin Mennonites. Large hip roof barns with roof SOCIETY OF ONTARIO 'chimney' ventilators are common . Mennonites, for different people, conjure life. However, in studying the history of up different images in the mind . To some, the David Martin Mennonites, I have they are simply a religious group much like started to understand my ancestry and the most other religious groups in Canada. To effects it has had on our family and on my VOLUME XVI others, they are people with a strong social own childhood . Their history is one of conscience who are involved in relief work major church splits over seemingly minor NUMBER 1 in many parts of the world. To others still, issues followed by many excommunica- they are very conservative people, farmers, tions and the cruel practice of shunning . who live without modern conveniences like It is the story of families being torn apart MAY 1998 electricity and indoor plumbing and cars . and alienated from each other for seem- It is this latter image that best describes ingly trivial reasons . It is the story of my my relatives and ancestors . maternal ancestry. The separation of my I remember often hearing, as I was own family from the David Martin ISSN 1192-5515 growing up, about the David Martin Mennonites reflects their general history Mennonites, the group of ultra conserva- which is a fascinating story of uncompro- tive Mennonites in which my mother was mising splits and separations .
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Hutterite Breastfeeding Patterns
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2006 Analysis of Hutterite breastfeeding patterns Christine Smith The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Smith, Christine, "Analysis of Hutterite breastfeeding patterns" (2006). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5556. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5556 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY The University of Montana Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. **Please check "Yes" or "No" and provide signature** Yes, I grant permission \f No, I do not grant permission______ Author's Signature: . Date: .^Q|/q (/> Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author's explicit consent. AN ANALYSIS OF HUTTERITE BREASTFEEDING PATTERNS by Christine Smith B.A. University of Montana, 1999 presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts The University of Montana May 2006 Approved by rperson Dean, Graduate School Date UMI Number: EP41020 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 3 9 Catalog
    LANCASTER MENNONITE HISTORICAL SOCIETY’S BENEFIT AUCTION OF RARE, OUT-OF-PRINT, AND USED BOOKS FRIDAY, MARCH 9, 2018, AT 6:30 P.M. TEL: (717) 393-9745; FAX: (717) 393-8751; EMAIL: [email protected] WEBSITE: http://www.lmhs.org/ The Lancaster Mennonite Historical Society will conduct an auction on March 9, 2018, at 2215 Millstream Road, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, one-half mile east of the intersection of Routes 30 and 462. The sale dates for the remainder of 2018 are as follows: May 11, July 13, September 14 and November 9. Please refer to the last page of the catalog for book auction procedures. Individual catalogs are available from the Society for $5.00 + $3.00 postage and handling. Persons who wish to be added to the mailing list for the rest of 2018 may do so by sending $15.00 with name and address to the Society. Higher rates apply for subscribers outside of the United States. All subscriptions expire at the end of the calendar year. The catalog is also available for free on our web site at www.lmhs.org/auction.html. 1. Bender, Harold S. Conrad Grebel, c. 1498-1526, the Founder of the Swiss Brethren, Sometimes Called Anabaptists. Studies in Anabaptist and Mennonite History, no. 6, vol. 1. Goshen, Ind.: Mennonite Historical Society, 1950. xvi, 326pp (b/w ill, bib, ind, copy of author, syp, gc). 2. Friedmann, Robert. Mennonite Piety Through the Centuries: Its Genius and Its Literature. Studies in Anabaptist and Mennonite History, no. 7. Goshen, Ind.: Mennonite Historical Society, 1949. xv, [i], 287pp (fp, b/w ill, bib, ind, presentation copy signed by author, syp, gc).
    [Show full text]