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Sneak Preview The Bully Pulpit Presidential Rhetoric from Theodore Roosevelt to Donald J. Trump EDITED BY Theodore F. Sheckels Randolph-Macon College SAN DIEGO Bassim Hamadeh, CEO and Publisher Todd R. Armonstrong, Publisher Tony Paese, Project Editor Alia Bales, Production Editor Abbie Goveia, Senior Graphic Designer Trey Soto, Licensing Coordinator Natalie Piccotti, Director of Marketing Kassie Graves, Vice President of Editorial Jamie Giganti, Director of Academic Publishing Copyright © 2021 by Cognella, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information retrieval system without the written permission of Cognella, Inc. For inquiries regarding permissions, translations, foreign rights, audio rights, and any other forms of reproduction, please contact the Cognella Licensing Department at [email protected]. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Cover image copyright © 2017 iStockphoto LP/TriggerPhoto. All uncredited speeches are in the public domain. Printed in the United States of America. 3970 Sorrento Valley Blvd., Ste. 500, San Diego, CA 92121 DETAILED CONTENTS Speeches by Genre vii Preface ix Introduction Ways of Studying Presidential Rhetoric xii Chapter 1 Theodore Roosevelt 2 “The Strenuous Life” 3 Speech at the Minnesota State Fair (“Carry a Big Stick”) 9 From “The Man with the Muck-Rake” 12 From “The Man in the Arena” 15 From “The New Nationalism” 23 Chapter 2 William Howard Taft 30 From Inaugural Address 31 From Message Regarding Environmental Preservation 36 Message Regarding Income Tax 40 Chapter 3 Woodrow Wilson 43 First Inaugural 44 From Address to Congress on War with Germany 46 Message Regarding Women’s Suffrage 50 From Final Address for the League of Nations 52 Chapter 4 Warren G. Harding 60 “The Republic Must Awaken” 60 “Return to Normalcy” 62 From Inaugural Address 63 From Address at the Celebration of the Semicentennial of Birmingham, Alabama 67 Chapter 5 Calvin Coolidge 74 From Inaugural Address 74 Speech to Meeting of the Business Organization of the Government 80 From “Toleration and Liberalism” (Speech before the American Legion Convention) 84 From Veto of the McNary-Haugen Act 89 Chapter 6 Herbert Hoover 92 From Annual Message to Congress on the State of the Union, 1931 93 From Speech Accepting the Republican Presidential Nomination 96 From “Consequences of the Proposed ‘New Deal’” 104 iv Detailed Contents | v Chapter 7 Franklin D. Roosevelt 109 Speech to the Commonwealth Club, San Francisco 110 First Inaugural 117 “The Banking Crisis” (The First “Fireside Chat”) 120 From “The Four Freedoms” 123 War Message 127 Chapter 8 Harry S. Truman 129 Statement on Dropping the Atomic Bomb 130 From “Aid to Greece and Turkey: The Truman Doctrine” 132 Democratic Convention Acceptance Speech, 1948 135 Chapter 9 Dwight D. Eisenhower 139 From “Atoms for Peace” 140 Press Conference Comments on Southeast Asia 144 Address to the Nation on the Sending of Federal Troops to Little Rock 146 Farewell 149 Chapter 10 John F. Kennedy 154 Address to the Houston Ministerial Association 154 Inaugural Address 157 Address on the Nation on the Cuban Missile Crisis 160 From Commencement Address at American University 164 Address to the Nation on the Sending ofFederal Troops to the University of Alabama 168 Address in Berlin 172 Chapter 11 Lyndon B. Johnson 175 Address to Congress upon Assuming the Presidency 176 From State of the Union Address Declaring His “War on Poverty” 178 Address at the University of Michigan Commencement on the “Great Society” 183 Speech to the Nation Following the Gulf of Tonkin “Incident” 187 From Address to Joint Session of Congress on Voting Rights 188 From Speech to the Nation on Vietnam, Announcing He Will Not Seek Reelection 193 Chapter 12 Richard M. Nixon 198 First Inaugural 199 From Speech to the Nation on Vietnam War (“The Silent Majority”) 202 From Speech to the Nation on the Cambodian Invasion 208 From “The White House Horrors” (on “Watergate”) 212 Resignation Speech 217 Chapter 13 Gerald R. Ford 221 Speech upon Taking Office after Nixon’s Resignation 221 From “WIN” (Whip Inflation Now), Speech Delivered to Joint Session of Congress 223 The Pardoning of Richard Nixon 228 vi | The Bully Pulpit Chapter 14 Jimmy Carter 231 Inaugural Address 232 A Framework for Peace in the Middle East, Address to Joint Session of Congress 234 From Energy and the Crisis in Confidence 238 Farewell 243 Chapter 15 Ronald Reagan 247 First Inaugural 247 From The “Evil Empire” 251 Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster 256 Address at Pointe-du-Hoc 258 Address at the Brandenburg Gate, Berlin 260 Address to Nation on Iran Arms and Contra Aid Controversy 264 Speech at the 1992 Republican National Convention 267 Chapter 16 George H. W. Bush 273 From Speech Accepting Republican Presidential Nomination, 1988 273 Address on Decision to Use Military Force in Kuwait 279 From Commencement Address, Texas A&M University 282 Chapter 17 Bill Clinton 286 First Inaugural 287 Speech for Victims of the Oklahoma City Federal Building Bombing 289 Apology for Relationship with White House Intern Monica Lewinsky 291 From State of the Union Address, 1999 292 Chapter 18 George W. Bush 299 9/11 Address to the Nation 300 From Address to Joint Session of Congress Following 9/11 Attacks 301 Address to the Nation—Ultimatum to Saddam Hussein 304 Announcing End of Major Combat Operations in Iraq 307 Chapter 19 Barack Obama 311 2004 Democratic National Convention Keynote 311 “A More Perfect Union” 315 President-Elect Obama’s Victory Speech 322 First Inaugural 325 Second Inaugural 329 From “New Nationalism,” Address at Osawatomie High School, Kansas 332 Press Conference Remarks on Trayvon Martin 338 Chapter 20 Donald J. Trump 342 Inaugural Address 343 From Phoenix Rally, August 2017 346 From 2019 State of the Union Address 353 Sample Tweets 359 Letter from President Donald J. Trump to the Speaker of the House of Representatives 365 SPEECHES BY GENRE Apologia Nixon, From “The White House Horrors” (on “Watergate”) 212 Reagan, Address to Nation on Iran Arms and Contra Aid Controversy 264 Clinton, Apology for Relationship with White House Intern Monica Lewinsky 291 Civil Rights Speeches Harding, From Address at the Celebration of the Semicentennial of Birmingham, Alabama 67 Eisenhower, Address to the Nation on the Sending of Federal Troops to Little Rock 146 Kennedy, Address to the Nation on the Sending of Federal Troops to the University of Alabama 168 Johnson, From Address to Joint Session of Congress on Voting Rights 188 Obama, “A More Perfect Union” 315 Obama, Press Conference Remarks on Trayvon Martin 338 Commencement Addresses Kennedy, From Commencement Address at American University 164 Johnson, Address at the University of Michigan Commencement on the “Great Society” 183 G. H. W. Bush, From Commencement Address, Texas A&M University 282 Eulogies Reagan, Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster 256 Reagan, Address at Pointe-du-Hoc 258 Clinton, Speech for Victims of the Oklahoma City Federal Building Bombing 289 Farewell Addresses Eisenhower, Farewell 149 Carter, Farewell 243 Foreign Policy Pronouncements Wilson, From Final Address for the League of Nations 52 F. Roosevelt, From “The Four Freedoms” 123 Truman, Statement on Dropping the Atomic Bomb 130 Eisenhower, Press Conference Comments on Southeast Asia 144 Kennedy, From Commencement Address at American University 164 Inaugural Addresses Taft, From Inaugural Address 31 Wilson, First Inaugural 44 Harding, From Inaugural Address 63 Coolidge, From Inaugural Address 74 F. Roosevelt, First Inaugural 117 Kennedy, Inaugural Address 157 Johnson, Address to Congress upon Assuming the Presidency 176 Nixon, First Inaugural 199 vii viii | The Bully Pulpit Ford, Speech upon Taking Office after Nixon’s Resignation 221 Carter, Inaugural Address 232 Reagan, First Inaugural 247 Clinton, First Inaugural 287 Obama, First Inaugural 325 Obama, Second Inaugural 329 Trump, Inaugural Address 343 Political Campaign Speeches T. Roosevelt, “The Strenuous Life” 3 Harding, “The Republic Must Awaken” 60 Harding, “Return to Normalcy” 62 Hoover, From “Consequences of the Proposed ‘New Deal’” 104 F. Roosevelt, Speech to the Commonwealth Club, San Francisco 110 Kennedy, Address to the Houston Ministerial Association 154 Obama, “A More Perfect Union” 315 Obama, President-Elect Obama’s Victory Speech 322 Trump, From Phoenix Rally, August 2017 346 Political Convention Speeches Hoover, From Speech Accepting the Republican Presidential Nomination, 1932 96 Truman, Democratic Convention Acceptance Speech, 1948 135 Reagan, Speech at the 1992 Republican National Convention 267 G. H. W. Bush, From Speech Accepting Republican Presidential Nomination, 1988 273 Obama, 2004 Democratic National Convention Keynote 311 State of the Union Addresses (or Other Policy Addresses to Congress) Taft, From Message Regarding Environmental Preservation 36 Taft, Message Regarding Income Tax 40 Coolidge, From Veto of the McNary-Haugen Act 89 Hoover, From Annual Message to Congress on the State of the Union, 1931 93 Johnson, From State of the Union Address Declaring His “War on Poverty” 178 Johnson, From Address to Joint Session of Congress on Voting Rights 188 Ford, From “WIN” (Whip Inflation Now), Speech Delivered to Joint Session of Congress 223 Clinton, From State of the Union Address, 1999 292 G. W. Bush, From Address to Joint Session of Congress Following 9/11 Attacks 301 Trump, From 2019 State of the Union Address 353 Press Conference Eisenhower, Press Conference Comments on Southeast Asia 144 Obama, Press Conference Remarks on Trayvon Martin 338 War Addresses Wilson, From Address to Congress on War with Germany 46 F. Roosevelt, War Message 127 Kennedy, Address on the Nation on the Cuban Missile Crisis 160 Johnson, Speech to the Nation Following the Gulf of Tonkin “Incident” 187 Nixon, From Speech to the Nation on the Cambodian Invasion 208 G.
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