Fuse Method Handles for Dynamic JVM Languages Shijie Xu David Bremner Daniel Heidinga IBM Centre of Advanced Studies IBM Centre of Advanced Studies IBM Ottawa Lab University of New Brunswick University of New Brunswick Ottawa, ON, Canada Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract CCS Concepts • Software and its engineering → Inter- A Method Handle (MH) in JSR 292 (Supporting Dynamically preters; Interpreters; Just-in-time compilers; Typed Languages on the JVM) is a typed, directly executable Keywords invokedynamic, method handle, bytecode gen- reference to an underlying method, constructor, or field, eration, just-in-time, object fusion with optional method type transformations. Multiple con- nected MHs make up a Method Handle Graph (MHG), which ACM Reference Format: transfers an invocation at a dynamic call site to real method Shijie Xu, David Bremner, and Daniel Heidinga. 2017. Fuse Method implementations at runtime. Despite benefits that MHGs Handles for Dynamic JVM Languages. In Proceedings of ACM SIG- have for dynamic JVM language implementations, MHGs PLAN International Workshop on Virtual Machines and Interme- diate Languages (VMIL’17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 10 pages. challenge existing JVM optimization because a) larger MHGs https://doi.org/10.1145/3141871.3141874 at call sites incur higher graph traversal costs at runtime; and b) JIT expenses, including profiling and compilation of individual MHs, increase along with the number of MHs. 1 Introduction This paper proposes dynamic graph fusion to compile an A method handle (MH) is a typed, directly executable refer- MHG into another equivalent but simpler MHG (e.g., fewer ence to an underlying method, constructor, field, or similar MHs and edges), as well as related optimization opportunities low-level operation, with optional transformations of argu- (e.g., selection policy and inline caching).