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Cornell University Hydroelectric Project FERC Project No ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR HYDROPOWER LICENSE Cornell University Hydroelectric Project FERC Project No. 3251-010 New York Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Office of Energy Projects Division of Hydropower Licensing 888 First Street, NE Washington, D.C. 20426 November 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... i LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ iv ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................... v 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 1.1 APPLICATION ............................................................................................. 1 1.2 PURPOSE OF ACTION AND NEED FOR POWER .................................. 1 1.2.1 Purpose of Action .............................................................................. 1 1.2.2 Need for Power .................................................................................. 3 1.3 STATUTORY AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS ......................... 4 1.4 PUBLIC REVIEW AND COMMENT ......................................................... 4 1.4.1 Scoping .............................................................................................. 4 1.4.2 Interventions ...................................................................................... 5 1.4.3 Comments on the Application ........................................................... 5 2.0 PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES ................................................. 5 2.1 NO-ACTION ALTERNATIVE .................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Existing Project Facilities .................................................................. 6 2.1.2 Current Project Boundary .................................................................. 6 2.1.3 Project Safety ..................................................................................... 6 2.1.4 Current Project Operation .................................................................. 8 2.1.5 Current Environmental Measures ...................................................... 9 2.2 CORNELL’S PROPOSAL ........................................................................... 9 2.2.1 Proposed Project Facilities and Project Boundary ............................. 9 2.2.2 Proposed Project Operation ............................................................. 10 2.2.3 Proposed Environmental Measures ................................................. 11 2.3 STAFF ALTERNATIVE ............................................................................ 11 2.4 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED BUT ELIMINATED FROM DETAILED ANALYSIS ............................................................................ 12 3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS ...................................................................... 12 3.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE RIVER BASIN .............................. 13 3.2 SCOPE OF CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ANALYSIS ................................ 14 3.3 PROPOSED ACTION AND ACTION ALTERNATIVES ....................... 14 3.3.1 Geology and Soil Resources ............................................................ 15 3.3.1.1 Affected Environment ........................................................ 15 3.3.1.2 Environmental Effects ....................................................... 17 3.3.2 Aquatic Resources ........................................................................... 20 3.3.2.1 Affected Environment ........................................................ 20 i 3.3.2.2 Environmental Effects ....................................................... 30 3.3.3 Terrestrial Resources ....................................................................... 40 3.3.3.1 Affected Environment ........................................................ 40 3.3.3.2 Environmental Effects ....................................................... 44 3.3.4 Threatened and Endangered Species ............................................... 46 3.3.4.1 Affected Environment ........................................................ 46 3.3.4.2 Environmental Effects ....................................................... 48 3.3.5 Recreation Resources ....................................................................... 49 3.3.5.1 Affected Environment ........................................................ 49 3.3.5.2 Environmental Effects ....................................................... 51 3.3.6 Cultural Resources ........................................................................... 51 3.3.6.1 Affected Environment ........................................................ 51 3.3.6.2 Environmental Effects ....................................................... 55 3.4 NO-ACTION ALTERNATIVE .................................................................. 56 4.0 DEVELOPMENTAL ANALYSIS ...................................................................... 56 4.1 POWER AND DEVELOPMENTAL BENEFITS OF THE PROJECTS .. 57 4.2 COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVES ...................................................... 58 4.2.1 No-action Alternative ....................................................................... 58 4.2.2 Applicant’s Proposal ........................................................................ 58 4.2.3 Staff Alternative ............................................................................... 59 4.3 COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES .......................................... 59 5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................. 59 5.1 COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT AND RECOMMENDED ALTERNATIVE ......................................................................................... 59 5.1.1 Measures Proposed by Cornell ........................................................ 60 5.1.2 Additional Measures Recommended by Staff ................................. 61 5.1.3 Measures Not Recommended by Staff ............................................ 67 5.2 UNAVOIDABLE ADVERSE EFFECTS ................................................... 70 5.3 SUMMARY OF SECTION 10(j) RECOMMENDATIONS ...................... 70 5.4 CONSISTENCY WITH COMPREHENSIVE PLANS .............................. 74 6.0 FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT .................................................... 75 7.0 LITERATURE CITED ........................................................................................ 75 8.0 LIST OF PREPARERS ....................................................................................... 75 APPENDIX A—Statutory and Regulatory Requirements APPENDIX B—Alternatives Considered but Eliminated from Detailed Analysis APPENDIX C—Cost of Environmental Measures APPENDIX D—Literature Cited APPENDIX E—List of Preparers ii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Location of the Cornell Project. .......................................................................... 2 Figure 2. Location of the project facilities of the Cornell Project. ..................................... 7 Figure 3. Proposed modifications to the project boundary of the Cornell Project. .......... 10 Figure 4. Water quality and benthic macroinvertebrate sampling locations on Fall Creek. ................................................................................................................................ 22 Figure 5. Water temperature at four continuous monitoring locations on Fall Creek, June 15–October 3, 2017. ............................................................................................... 23 Figure 6. Dissolved oxygen concentrations at four continuous monitoring locations on Fall Creek, June 15–October 3, 2017. .................................................................... 23 Figure 7. Results of mesohabitat mapping in the bypassed reach of the Cornell Project. 26 Figure 8. Representative bedrock substrate, bedrock shards, and step pools below Beebe Lake dam on Fall Creek. ........................................................................................ 26 iii LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Percent land cover classifications in the Fall Creek watershed, Tompkins County, New York. ................................................................................................. 13 Table 2. Historical monthly flow statistics at the Cornell Project for water years 1979– 2019. ....................................................................................................................... 21 Table 3. Discrete water quality data at four continuous monitoring stations on Fall Creek, June 15–October 3, 2017. ....................................................................................... 25 Table 4. Fish species documented in Fall Creek, Tompkins County, New York. ........... 27 Table 5. Select index data and overall BAP scores for 100-organism data sets obtained in riffle sites in Fall Creek, New York. ...................................................................... 30 Table 6. Change in water level during various flow demonstration operating scenarios. 35 Table 7. Burst swimming speeds of juvenile and adult stages of fish present in the project vicinity. ....................................................................................................... 38 Table 8. Economic
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