OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

ANNUAL REPORT 2020 THE CHALLENGE CONTENTS n Two-thirds of humankind live in the global South, where most of the world’s worst deprivation is located. Understanding these societies is of central importance to any enquiry into the human condition.

n International action to reduce poverty, inequality, and vulnerability of FROM THE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT 3 people and nations must be based on critical yet rigorous knowledge. STUDY 4 n Universities have a special duty to create and share this. RESEARCH 9 WHAT WE CAN CONTRIBUTE IMPACT AND ENGAGEMENT 17 n The seven postgraduate programmes and five specialised research groups of the Oxford Department of International Development give us EVENTS 23 unequalled depth of scholarship in key themes of this enquiry. PUBLICATIONS 27 n We specialise in academic research and research training, drawing on a worldwide network of partners. We are not constrained by aid agency 32 agendas, and thus can explore new and old problems from a critical PEOPLE standpoint.

n Oxford’s engagement with international development is based on the quality of our scholarly research and postgraduate research training, which in turn influences both the global epistemic community and contested policy agendas.

n Our interdisciplinary approach has strong roots in Oxford faculties (economics, politics and international relations, anthropology, population health, sociology, history, law, geography, management, and area studies) and multidisciplinary graduate colleges.

OUR OBJECTIVES

n Influencing the theory, analysis, and practice of development worldwide to the benefit of disadvantaged people and countries; supporting international networks and local institutions involved in this endeavour.

n Worldwide attraction of the best postgraduate students; recruitment of outstanding scholars to faculty; adding to our network of leading development research institutions; bringing key visitors to Oxford.

n Endowment of scholarships, with a particular focus on enabling students from countries in the global South to read for our degrees. Laura Ertmer, MPhil in Development Studies 2007-09 Studies MPhil in Development Ertmer, Laura 3

FROM THE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

WELCOME TO THE 2020 ODID REPORT

seminars we held. Take our Oxford We look with some trepidation but also Development Talks, a public engagement much excitement to the future ahead. series that provided many colleagues The next academic year will not be easy with the opportunity to present their as we try to implement a hybrid teaching ideas in a relatively short format to a large model, while providing an enriching audience; you can find presentations on experience to a new generation of a diversity of topics, from the impact of students and keeping everyone safe. The COVID-19 on global poverty to the role department is looking forward to working of Islam in a changing world; from China´s on some issues that are fundamental development strategy to evaluations of for our everyday lives as well as our migration controls. Moving to the online research agendas. We aim to deepen world also had a big advantage: we our teaching and research on climate could reach a wider audience as well as change, while simultaneously reviewing benefiting from participation by speakers our own environmental practices. We are from all over the world, from Nigeria to also committed to advancing our anti- the Mexico City. racism agenda, promoting a conversation on the interactions between racism and Despite all the difficulties, our research development, and critically evaluating our centres continued working hard and own practices in all areas from teaching This has been an eventful year to say accumulating recognition. Let me just to hiring. the least! The COVID-19 pandemic highlight a few examples: OPHI was and the subsequent lockdown changed awarded the Queen’s Anniversary Prize, The years ahead will be particularly our lives in big and small ways. Some of while Young Lives secured new funding difficult for marginalised communities my colleagues and students had to deal from DFID for new rounds of their survey. across the globe. The world faces with the consequences of the virus and Both centres, as well as TMCD and the mounting challenges, including economic support those affected in their families. RSC, have also undertaken path-breaking divergence between the global North and In March, from one day to another, we research on the impact of COVID-19 South, growing authoritarian politics, and closed our building in Mansfield Road that will inform medium and long-term inequality of income and opportunities. I and moved all our teaching and research responses to the current crisis. On the am convinced that our work is particularly online. Many students went back to their following pages, you can also read about important in this kind of environment: home countries where they prepared the new grants and prizes that individual training great students, promoting critical for their exams and wrote their theses. researchers – at all stages of their careers research, building horizontal alliances They later replaced their nervous walk to – have received over the past year, as with partners in different countries, and the Exams School wearing sub fusc with well as the books and articles they have contributing to policy debates should exams taken online from their bedrooms. published. all be helpful activities as we imagine a different future. I am so impressed with how the ODID We are extremely proud of our students’ community has risen to the challenge. My accomplishments. Sixteen DPhil students At a personal level, it has been a pleasure colleagues had to suddenly combine home completed this year: the list of their to be at the helm of such an inspiring teaching with online supervision; students thesis titles showcases the diversity of group of people at such a challenging lost access to the library and to personal topics, their multidisciplinary breadth time. I have learnt a lot during my first interactions with their classmates; and intellectual and policy relevance. Our year as Head of Department and I am seminars in Oxford were suspended and MPhil and MSc students produced first- thankful for the support of colleagues new online seminar series launched; and rate work: their results this year were as and students. I would particularly like to new revision classes and online social good as in the past if not better, despite acknowledge all the contributions from activities were designed from one day to all the obstacles they faced. They are Chris Adams, my predecessor in the the next. now moving to a real world that needs post, and hope I can follow his example them more than ever to design more during the rest of my term as Head of This annual report offers a number inclusive policies and build a better post- Department. of examples of some of the exciting COVID-19 world.

Professor Diego Sánchez-Ancochea 31 July 2020 Alexander Betts Alexander STUDY 5

235 OUR COURSES STUDY students DOCTORAL STUDY Policy and Society (COMPAS) at the School of Anthropology and Museum The DPhil in International Development Ethnography. provides an opportunity for outstanding students to pursue in-depth research into We support our students in processes of social, political, and economic a variety of ways: through development and change in the global funding to meet their South. The DPhil in Migration Studies needs at various stages 7 offers students the chance to focus on of their research; via degree a specific and important contemporary a dedicated study challenge facing the world. area, the Loft, which courses provides a friendly Our DPhil students are able to draw on and welcoming space the expertise of scholars in a wide variety for peer support and of disciplines and a range of regional networking; and by specialisms, particularly in Africa, Asia, and providing dedicated Latin America. Our research groups also guidance from the Students provide a rich source of data and case- Director of Doctoral from study material. For Migration Studies, our Research, who is available students benefit from the involvement for student assistance and of two renowned research centres: consultation. We also now offer 52 the Refugee Studies Centre (RSC) at students the chance to undertake countries ODID and the Centre on Migration, doctoral study on a part-time basis.

The following DPhil students completed* their doctoral work during 2019/20

86% Mihika Chatterjee, Green Templeton Adil Hossain, Merton (pictured above) Blair Peruniak, St Edmund Hall Land for industry: state-society In search of citizens in Citizennagar: the A republican theory of political asylum students relations in agrarian Maharashtra politics of contingent citizenship in the from outside aftermath of the 2002 Gujarat riots in Greta Semplici, Lady Margaret Hall Frances Cossar, St Antony’s India Moving deserts: stories of mobilities © Young Lives / Mulugeta Gebrekidan / Mulugeta Lives © Young the UK Agricultural development, and resilience from a Kenyan mechanisation, and rental markets: Sa’eed Husaini, St John’s desertscape, Turkana County The department offers two doctoral DPhils in International Development theory and empirics from Ghana Beyond stomach infrastructure: party programmes, a two-year MPhil and Migration Studies, on other membership and political ideology in Claire Walkey, St Anne’s course, and four nine-month MSc doctoral programmes in Oxford, and Sherine El Taraboulsi, St Cross Nigeria’s Fourth Republic Building a bureaucracy: the transfer of courses to around 260 students. elsewhere in the world. State building and state-society responsibility for refugee affairs from 66% relations in Libya (1911–69): an Ian Madison, Jesus United Nations Refugee Agency to Students on our courses benefit Our degrees are also closely tied examination of associations, trade Parallel states, public services, and the government of Kenya from small class sizes, personal into our research activity, which female unions, and religious actors competition for legitimacy in Kosovo supervision by world-class means that our recent findings can Lucieqian Xia, Merton academics, and a vibrant and be used in the classroom and student students Maria Franco Gavonel, St Antony’s Ilan Manor, St Cross The diplomatic making of EU-China diverse community of peers. work can contribute to our research Internal migration and human capital Digital diplomacy in times of upheaval: relations: structure, substance and style Our degrees offer flexibility in programmes. accumulation among youth in how foreign ministries use Twitter during learning, with a range of optional developing countries crises Aga Zuoshi, St Antony’s courses to enable students to match Graduates of the department Experiencing development on China’s their study to their interests. With pursue a wide range of careers Kieran Gilfoy, Brasenose Hiroshi Oikawa, Worcester Frontier: the Nuosu’s bridewealth top-quality training in research after completing their studies Amongst the shadows of mineralised Backward linkage formation in Malaysia’s methods and the opportunity to – in international organisations, mountains: resource-making and social electronics industry: transnational develop research ideas through government agencies, the private 27% becoming in the Peruvian Andes corporation demand and local entrepreneur a dissertation, our master’s sector, international NGOs, and students supply courses provide a solid basis for social enterprises, or as academics in Robert Hortle, St John’s outstanding students to proceed universities and research institutions funded Citizen wellbeing in hybrid regimes *given leave to supplicate to doctoral study, on our own across the world. 6 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT | ANNUAL REPORT 2020 STUDY 7

ALUMNA PROFILE Due to the pandemic, our first-year MPhil students were unable to carry out fieldwork in the usual way this summer. They received bespoke training in digital research methods and are exploring a wide range of topics in Pei Man Jessica Wan In my current role at Better Work, a countries across the world. Some of their projects are listed below: Gender and Training Officer for partnership between the ILO and the Better Work, International Labour International Finance Corporation, I am n Language, affect, and emotion in Kenyan Organisation responsible for the implementation political rhetoric: a focus on the national MPhil in Development Studies of our global gender strategy across ‘Building Bridges Initiative’ (BBI) 2011–13 nine country programmes. I work with n The politics of ‘success’: how Uganda’s diverse stakeholders – from workers’ HIV ‘success story’ narrative has been Upon completing my studies at representatives to buyers and retailers maintained in the face of bad data and Oxford, I worked for the International – to promote decent work, gender cultural change and how this narrative has Labour Organisation (ILO) to conduct equality, and women’s empowerment shaped policy research on gender equality in in the garment sector. One of the most the labour market. I also had an rewarding parts of my work is having and ever-patient scholars at the n How can crises, such as the COVID-19 opportunity to apply my knowledge the space to co-develop gender- Oxford Department of International pandemic, shape the EU-Africa border? on International Labour Standards as transformative interventions with Development. I am appreciative A case study of Senegalese migrants an Associate at non-profit business my country teams to tackle the root of the guidance and mentorship of reaching the Canary Islands network and consultancy, Business for causes of sexual harassment as well as my thesis supervisor, Miles Tendi, n Pakistani Islamism: a major development Social Responsibility (BSR). I managed strengthening our referral pathways who supported my field research determinant and implemented a wide range of to provide remediation for victims and experience, which is the foundation Aparna Agarwal projects on business and human rights, survivors. to my career in business and human n How do farmers understand agroecology? from the prevention of gender- rights. And I feel lucky for the To what extent do current practices based violence in garment factories My experience at Oxford shaped my friendships I made at St Antony’s n How does China’s principle of non- n ‘Women are property, property cannot involve integration into agricultural in Bangladesh and India (HERrespect) approach to gender and development as College and Queen Elizabeth House, interference apply in fragile political own property’, customary law, land rights markets, and how is that achieved? settlements? as a pathway to women’s empowerment in to conducting human rights impact a practitioner, and I am thankful for the and especially our MPhil class Northwest Cameroon assessments for extractives nurturing environment for intellectual of 2013, as we try to meet and n ‘Green growth’ in European policymaking n Empowerment as instrument – effects companies. curiosity fostered by the dedicated reconnect across the globe. – pathway or barrier to alternative on women’s lives of an integrated n Women and resilience to violent extremism in ‘beyond-growth’ futures? nutritional and agricultural intervention the Sahel: a case study of Burkina Faso to improve child nutrition in Southern n Women in Nollywood Malawi n ‘Junk’ nation: the political and moral life of sovereign credit ratings in South Africa MPHIL IN n Exploring the implications of insurgent n Risky decisions: information, governance, DEVELOPMENT STUDIES lawfare in South Africa and irregular migration in Guinea n The Mecca for exiles: an exploration of political Islam in Qatar The two-year MPhil in n How do contemporary missionaries n Nation-building down the road of ecology Development Studies provides a working in faith-based development or tapping the source of emancipation in n rigorous and critical introduction And we have not loved ourselves: incarnation organisations (FBDOs) understand and North Kurdistan and identity in reimagined West Indian to development as a process represent the role of faith in their 1) Anglican worship, 1971–2010 identity, 2) development ideology, and 3) of managed and unmanaged n Politics, artisanal mining, and water practice? change in societies in the global scarcity in Ghana n Surveillance and control: ‘kiapdom’ in late- South. Students study theoretical colonial Papua New Guinea n Climate justice considerations in contributions to the field of n Local and refugee-led humanitarian aid the planning and design of the Red development and major themes n The state and the built environment in Metropolitana de Movilidad in Santiago and scholars in the field; they n A comparative qualitative analysis of Singapore de Chile study research methods; they transnational surrogacy arrangements follow foundation courses in n Place-making and power in Appalachia during n Political economies of health provisioning n Economics; History and Politics; Lawfare and the contestation over the war on poverty in the Autonomous Administration of energy transitions: public participation in and Social Anthropology; and North and East Syria electricity planning in South Africa n Neopatrimonialism and agriculture in Africa: they choose from a wide range of the case of command agriculture in Zimbabwe n State discourse on scaled-up agricultural optional courses. The capstone is n How is Zimbabwe’s energy policy 2005–19 businesses and its impacts on the a 30,000-word thesis, for which influenced by its international relations livelihoods of peasants in China students usually conduct fieldwork and what impact does this have on its n Marginalisation in American indigenous during the summer between their energy pathway? communities: educational trauma and Teach n Enterprise recovery from COVID- 19 first and second years. for America in relation to the New Online Sales n To what extent is the origin and spread Model: a study on entertainment-fishing 2019/20 Course Director: of COVID-19 the result of environmental equipment retailers’ adoption to live- injustice? Evidence from China and the Dr Cheryl Doss streaming sales United States Alexander Betts Alexander 8 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT | ANNUAL REPORT 2020 9 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2017 No1 MSC IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE ranking in MSC IN ECONOMICS AND DIPLOMACY RESEARCH FOR DEVELOPMENT Congratulations to the following 2014 REF This degree course is designed to provide students who won prizes for their This degree in development high-quality graduate teaching on the performance on our master’s economics has a strong emphasis institutions and processes of global courses in 2019/20: on bringing methods of modern governance and diplomacy. It teaches economic analysis to economic students about the sources, mechanisms, MPhil in Development Studies development theory and policy. processes, and practices of global • Eugene Havas Memorial Prize The course seeks to cultivate the governance at the subnational, national, for Best Overall Performance 40% analytical and critical skills relevant international, and transnational levels, Nicholas Carverhill (St John’s) of research to economic development, focusing on issues such as globalisation, • Papiya Ghosh Thesis Prize in particular those needed to regional integration, international Leonie Hoffmann (St Antony’s) rated 4* assess alternative approaches to organisation, and multilateralism. Students policy. Structured around core also learn about the institutions and MSc in Economics for in REF courses in economic theory and processes of international diplomacy, Development econometrics and a 10,000- including diplomatic practice, international • George Webb Medley Prize for word dissertation, the programme negotiation, conflict mediation, and public Best Overall Performance exposes students to key issues diplomacy, as well as the conduct of Shraddha Mandi (St Antony’s) in and analytical approaches diplomacy in international and regional • George Webb Medley Prize to contemporary economic bodies. Underpinning the programme (proxime accessit) development. are courses in research methods and a Richard Freund (Kellogg) and £4.1m 12,000-word dissertation. Edoardo Lanfranchi (Oriel) (joint in research 2019/20 Course Director: winners) Professor Christopher Woodruff 2019/20 Course Director: • Luca D’Agliano Prize for Best income* Dr John Gledhill Dissertation Ben Brunckhorst (Kellogg) • Arthur Lewis Prize for the MSC IN REFUGEE AND Best Examination Essays in MSC IN MIGRATION Development Economics FORCED MIGRATION STUDIES Kaizer UNDP Bangladesh, Fahad STUDIES Shraddha Mandi (St Antony’s) 71 This degree course offers an intellectually demanding, interdisciplinary route This degree, taught jointly with MSc in Global Governance and We undertake a broad and textured Around half of our academics and academic to understanding forced migration in the School of Anthropology and Diplomacy programme of research which research staff are also associated and research contexts of conflict, repression, natural Museum Ethnography (SAME), • Outstanding Academic defines a wide range of entry with research groups that are at the disasters, environmental change, and provides a broad, theoretical Achievement Prize points into issues of international forefront of their specialist fields: the staff development policy-making. The course understanding of human mobility Christina Qiu (St Antony’s) development and employs a range of Refugee Studies Centre (RSC); Young aims to offer students an understanding and the role of both internal and • Best Dissertation Prize methodological approaches. We aim Lives; the Oxford Poverty and Human of the complex and varied nature of international migration in the wider Peter Wyckoff (Regent’s Park) to influence the theory, analysis, and Development Initiative (OPHI); and forced migration and refugee processes of development, social practice of development worldwide the Technology and Management populations; of their centrality to change, and globalisation. It offers MSc in Migration Studies to the benefit of disadvantaged Centre for Development (TMCD). In global, regional, and national processes an overview of the major debates • Examiners’ Prize people and countries, and to collaboration with the Department of political, social, and economic and literature on contemporary Maisie Morris (St Cross) support international networks and of Economics and the Blavatnik 5 change; and of the needs and aspirations migration from different • Best Dissertation local institutions involved in this School of Government, ODID also research of forcibly displaced people themselves. disciplinary perspectives. Students Sophia M Iosue (St Cross) and endeavour. anchors the Oxford element of the Students take courses in the take three core courses: on Helena Ratté (Green Templeton) International Growth Centre (IGC), groups anthropology and politics of forced migration and mobility in the social (joint winners) Our research clusters around four established by the UK Department migration, in international human sciences; migration, globalisation, cross-cutting themes: Economic for International Development rights and refugee law, and in the and social transformation; and MSc in Refugee and Forced Development; Migration and (DFID) in 2008. political philosophy of movement. methods in social research. These Migration Studies Refugees in a Global Context; Human This core is complemented by training core courses are complemented • Best Thesis Development, Poverty and Youth; During 2020, many of our in research methods, a wide range of by a range of optional courses, Elisa Sisto (Green Templeton) and and The Political and International researchers and research groups have optional courses, and a 15,000-word discussion groups, and a 15,000- Emma Walker-Silverman (Linacre) Dimensions of Development. reoriented their research questions or 4 dissertation. word dissertation. (joint winners) approaches to address the challenges • Examiners’ Prize of the COVID-19 pandemic. You can cross-cutting 2019/20 Course Director: 2019/20 Course Director: Elisa Sisto (Green Templeton) read more about this in our most themes Dr Tom Scott-Smith Professor Biao Xiang (SAME) recent alumni magazine: http://bit.ly/ODM_COVID equally across the number of project months, split by University the number of project Year Financial equally across *The figure for research income is based on the project funding awarded to ODID divided funding awarded is based on the project income research for *The figure 10 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT | ANNUAL REPORT 2020 RESEARCH 11

OUR RESEARCH GROUPS NEW AWARDS

ODID was successful in attracting a number of major new external awards in 2019/20.

International Growth Centre

Established in 2008, the IGC is an economics research network, funded by DFID and run jointly by the LSE and the University of Oxford. The IGC has a research network NEW YOUNG LIVES FUNDING STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION AND of nearly 1,800 world-class economists and 14 country ECONOMIC GROWTH offices around the world, providing policy-focused The UK’s Department for economics research on issues of state effectiveness; International Development Douglas Gollin is agriculture, firms, and employment; urbanisation; and (DFID) awarded £9.4 million in research director for a new energy production and demand. Four senior ODID new funding to Young Lives to programme to support staff have management roles in the IGC, guiding the enable them to continue their research that provides a centre’s country programmes in Ethiopia and Tanzania longitudinal study into children deeper understanding of and its cross-cutting research programme on firms and and youth around the world. the fundamental economic entrepreneurship. processes of structural change Young Lives is a unique mixed- and productivity growth in low- www.theigc.org methods study which began in and middle-income countries. 2001 to investigate childhood poverty and inequality in four low- and middle-income countries The research programme on Structural Transformation and (Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam) by following 12,000 children Economic Growth (STEG) is funded by DFID, with a budget of Young Lives from the ages of one and eight years old respectively. The major £12 million in its first five years. new funding, which runs to March 2024, will enable the team to Young Lives is a pioneering multidisciplinary research continue their research investigating transitions into adulthood, ‘Low-income countries now face a huge challenge’, said programme investigating the lives of children and young with a significant focus on access to the labour market. Professor Gollin. ‘The global pandemic will have a tragic impact, people in four developing countries. At its heart is an especially on the poor. But low-income countries also face the innovative longitudinal study tracking the development ‘Our Young Lives “children” are now young adults; ensuring that prospect of a severe global economic slowdown, and many of UNDP Bangladesh, Fahad Kaizer UNDP Bangladesh, Fahad of 12,000 children in Ethiopia, India (Andhra Pradesh this generation of young people access decent work is one them will need to rethink their growth strategies. Our research and Telangana), Peru, and Vietnam through quantitative of the greatest challenges of the achievement of sustainable programme will pose fundamental questions about the nature and qualitative research. Launched in 2001, Young development and gender equality’, said Diego Sánchez- of long-run growth and the transformation out of quasi- Lives has generated unmatched insights into the lives The Oxford Poverty and Human Development Ancochea, ODID Head of Department. ‘This new funding subsistence agriculture. The answers to these questions will of two cohorts of children in their early years, through Initiative will enable us to explore the determinants of young people’s guide low-income countries in choosing effective policies as they adolescence, and on to higher education and the labour successful transition into the labour market, further education, emerge from the pandemic.’ market. Young Lives data are supporting path-breaking OPHI is a research group dedicated to developing and realising their potential’. research into the dynamics of childhood poverty in systematic approaches to measuring ‘multidimensional’ STEG will be carried out by a consortium led by the Centre the four countries and providing the evidence base for deprivation and well-being, and using these to develop At the heart of Young Lives is a quantitative survey, consisting for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) and including ODID, the informed policy-making. more granular monitoring of poverty than is present in of a child and household questionnaire, first carried out in 2002 University of Notre Dame, the African Center for Economic traditional income- or consumption-based measures. (Round 1) and most recently in 2016 (Round 5). This new award Transformation, the Yale Research Initiative on Innovation and www.younglives.org.uk Founded in 2007, OPHI’s work is now deeply embedded from DFID will fund Round 6 and part of Round 7 of this survey Scale, and Gröningen University’s Growth and Development in that of the UN and has been adopted by a large and in all four study countries. Center. Professor Joe Kaboski of Notre Dame and CEPR will lead increasing number of countries around the world. the STEG Academic Steering Committee. ‘Studying the life trajectories of the Young Lives “children” offers The Technology and Management Centre for www.ophi.org.uk a unique opportunity to examine, among other topics, who STEG aims to make top-quality academic research in Development is most likely to recover from a childhood in poverty, at what development economics directly relevant to the concerns of age, in which circumstances and with what implications for policy-makers. It will help developing country governments, non- TMCD, which builds on the legacy of the pioneering participation in the labour market and entrepreneurship’, said governmental organisations and the private sector to design and work of former ODID economist Sanjaya Lall, is a The Refugee Studies Centre Marta Favara, Young Lives Deputy Director and Co-Principal implement policies that promote productivity gains, structural centre for interdisciplinary research into the applications Investigator. change, and economic growth that are both sustained and of technology and management innovation in the The RSC, founded in 1982, is a world-leading research sustainable. developing world. TMCD research spans issues in centre providing multidisciplinary, independent, and Young Lives will also use this funding as a springboard to help industrial policy; innovations, technological capabilities, critical social science scholarship on factors determining secure further donor funds to support complementary qualitative STEG’s initial five-year research programme seeks to build and competitiveness; technology diffusion; and finance, and resulting from the forced displacement of research to deepen understanding of young people’s everyday a community of researchers working on the structural corporate governance, and public management populations. The RSC provides the anchor for the MSc in experiences, further research analysis and global policy and transformation of low- and middle-income countries; and to capabilities in developing countries. Refugee and Forced Migration Studies. communications work. link research to policy. Research will be funded primarily through competitive calls along a number of thematic areas, beginning www.oxfordtmcd.org www.rsc.ox.ac.uk in mid-2021. These calls will follow an initial inception phase devoted to shaping and sharpening the research focus. 12 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT | ANNUAL REPORT 2020 RESEARCH 13

STRUCTURAL ESTIMATION OF SPATIAL INDIGENOUS SOVEREIGNTIES: A STUDY VISIONS OF LIFE: THE CREATION OF INNOVATION AND CATCH-UP IN PLATFORM SPILLOVER EFFECTS OF CASH TRANSFERS OF POLITICAL PLURALITY IN ECUADORIAN POSTCOLONIAL SCREEN CULTURES IN AFRICA ECONOMY: THE CASE OF TENCENT AMAZONIA Professor Gollin also won funding from the Centre of Excellence Dan Hodgkinson was awarded Xiaolan Fu was funded by for Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL) for a project Natalia Buitron of the a three-year Leverhulme Early Tencent to explore lessons on ‘Structural Estimation of Spatial Spillover Effects of Cash London School of Economics Career Fellowship to research from the Chinese multinational Transfers’. was awarded a three-year ‘Visions of Life: The Creation of conglomerate and video game Leverhulme Early Career Postcolonial Screen Cultures in technological giant’s innovation Cash transfers are increasingly used to deliver economic Fellowship titled ‘Indigenous Africa’. story, especially its success in development, humanitarian assistance, and social protection Sovereignties: A Study of technological catch-up, product programmes in low-income and fragile countries. Accurate Political Plurality in Ecuadorian Over the last century, politics innovation, and ecosystem measurement of any ‘spillover’ effects experienced by people Amazonia’, to be held at ODID. across the world has been development. Researchers will other than the direct recipients of cash transfers is essential for remade through the visual use both quantitative methods the overall evaluation of such programmes. Indigenous peoples enact a technology of screens. The era of and qualitative interviews for variety of strategies to create decolonisation, in the 1950s and 1960s, was a key moment in this the analysis of these research questions. Existing methods for estimating these spillover effects are limited their own legitimate authorities – authorities that engage with, remaking. Visions of Life explores the political aims, processes, and because they rely on unrealistic assumptions or do not fully oppose, or bypass nation-state sovereignty. significance of creating a new film industry in one of Africa’s most Findings from the study will contribute to our understanding of exploit the data available. This project will develop innovative influential projects of postcolonial transformation – Nkrumah’s innovation strategy and management in internet companies, methods for causal estimation of spillover effects of cash This project will explore the diversity of such strategies in Ghana. By co-producing a film with the research participants, it especially in effective digital product innovation and value transfers, which are rooted in economic theory and are based Ecuadorian Amazonia and aim to explain why some indigenous explores how the first generation of postcolonial filmmakers sought creation and capturing through the innovative application of on a thorough understanding of the local economy. In particular, collectives opt for cultural recognition, while others choose a to shape Africans’ emotional indexes and imaginations of political basic technology, and innovation-empowered ecosystem it will explicitly model and estimate the extent of economic politics of confrontation. On the basis of in-depth and long- change at home and on the continent more broadly. development, as well as the role of social impact-orientation integration of local markets, and how this affects how spillover term ethnography, the project will compare different indigenous in driving inclusive innovation. They will also offer valuable effects vary over space and across different groups of non- movements and revisits fundamental concepts of governance, managerial and policy implications for other latecomer firms in recipients. These methods will involve more realistic assumptions authority, and sovereignty. REMAINS: EXPLORING NEW FRONTIERS OF both the developing and developed countries. and will fully utilise the data available. FEAR, INDIFFERENCE, AND LOVE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN The main geographical focus of the project is rural Kenya; the GENDERED VIOLENCE AND URBAN TRANS- FROM CONSERVATISM TO IDEALISM: THE team will also apply their methods to secondary data from FORMATION IN INDIA AND SOUTH AFRICA Alessandro Corso of Durham LIFE OF LORD JOHN BOYD ORR Uganda and Lesotho, and demonstrate how the methods University was awarded an they develop and the results they find can be applied in other Nandini Gooptu is a co- ESRC Postdoctoral Fellowship to Tom Scott-Smith won a contexts. investigator on a new three- be held at ODID titled ‘Remains: Leverhulme Research Fellowship year ESRC-funded project Exploring New Frontiers of Fear, in spring this year to explore investigating the multiple Indifference, and Love in the the life of Lord John Boyd Orr determinants of violence Mediterranean’. The language of (1880–1971). The project, against women in Delhi NCR fear used by politicians and the which began in September, and Johannesburg. media is producing an increasing examines Orr’s intellectual divide between peoples and history, asking how his political The project, ‘Gendered Violence governments across the world. views changed from youthful and Urban Transformation in India However, the need to improve one’s life condition is ‘bound- conservatism to radical idealism. and South Africa’, will explore the less’, as seen in high-risk forms of migration across reinforced John Boyd Orr described mechanisms of violence in specific cases and localised environments borderlines. At the border, the divide between what Ruben himself as a simple farmer, but he ended up responsible for the linked to urban transformation, inequality and emerging gender/ Andersson has called the ‘no go world’ (parts of the globe most ambitious proposals for international governance in the racial/caste/class relations through a multi-scalar research design. portrayed as dangerous and out of bounds through wars, famine, 20th century. He was the first director of the UN Food and displacement, and terrorism) and the ‘rich world’ becomes Agricultural Organisation (FAO), and in his later years he also Dr Manali Desai of the University of Cambridge is the Principal blurred into a series of unexpected encounters that go beyond became president of the National Peace Council, the World Union Investigator for the £1.76 million Global Challenges Research taken-for-granted stereotypes. of Peace Organisations, and the Movement for World Federal Fund award; Professor Sanjay Srivastava (Institute of Economic Government. His most important contribution to the history of Growth, New Delhi), Professor Kammila Naidoo (University of As a contemporary symbol of the frontier for undocumented ideas was the proposal of a World Food Board, which has been Johannesburg) and Dr Lyn Ossome (Makerere Institute) are the migration in Europe, the Italian island of Lampedusa becomes a described as ‘one of the most ambitious designs for international other co-investigators. mirror of a global order of fear and separation, but also a potential action ever put forward’. Drawing on detailed archival research, space of cohesion and reciprocity. In this fellowship, Dr Corso this project explores the complex relationship between power The project seeks to capture the experiences of transition from will examine, by means of ethnography and visual methods, and opposition, examining how radical new ideas can be launched apartheid to post-apartheid and liberalisation in South Africa, and how contemporary encounters (voluntary or accidental) with successfully onto the global stage. from state-led development to neoliberalisation as manifested various abject remains (objects, stories, pictures, and corpses) in urban India, and explore how the attendant shifts in security, of undocumented migrants by locals and artists in Lampedusa ownership, rights, dispossession, and value are manifested in generate distance or allow for mutuality in the context of episodes and enactments of gendered violence in the two cities. undocumented migration in the Mediterranean since the 1990s. © Young Lives / Mulugeta Gebrekidan / Mulugeta Lives © Young 14 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT | ANNUAL REPORT 2020 RESEARCH 15

FEATURED RESEARCH AMPLIFYING THE VOICES OF YOUNG PARENTS AND MARRIED PEOPLE THE SHAPING OF ISLAMIC SCHOLARSHIP

By Emily Cracknell By Masooda Bano in Islam, the book shows how religious Islamic rationalism is that it is reversing Communications Officer, YMAPS Professor of Development Studies beliefs are not static; whether religious this colonial legacy by motivating Muslim tradition stagnates or goes into a creative societal elites – culturally liberal and Each year millions marry and become Are informal institutions, be they secular mode is a direct response to societal university-educated Muslim youth in the parents young. While a great deal is ideologies, cultural norms or religious conditions. The political, economic, and West as well as in the Muslim-majority understood about what leads to marriage beliefs, impervious to change? How social realities which together form countries – to engage seriously with and pregnancy amongst adolescents and do societal conditions impact what societal conditions have a direct bearing the study of Islamic texts. This is leading young people, very little is known about knowledge is created and valued? on how texts are interpreted, what to critical reflection and revival of more their day-to-day lives and how to support How did the introduction of Western questions are asked of those texts, and pluralistic approaches to the study of them. educational systems implanted by colonial which scholars and texts from earlier Islamic sources, which marked the Golden powers disrupt local forms of knowledge Islamic scholarship become popular. Age of Islam, thereby enabling Muslims The Young Marriage and Parenthood production? These questions, which are to be part of modern institutions and be Study (YMAPS) sought to amplify young of concern to many within development It also shows how colonial rule had a major confident of their Muslim identity. people’s voices and to learn what life was studies, form a central focus of my new impact on the current shape of Islamic like from their perspective. We listened to book: The Revival of Islamic Rationalism: knowledge and how elites’ involvement in As to which societal conditions have their experiences of navigating complex Logic, Metaphysics and Mysticism in knowledge creation is critical to keeping a contributed to the rise of this movement adult relationships and responsibilities to Vita / Sebastian Castañeda Lives © Young Modern Muslim Societies. knowledge base creative and responsive aimed at a revival of Islamic rationalism, better understand what they needed and to social reality. Under colonial rule, the book identifies the globalisation of hoped for, and how policies and services Zambia. These unions were often seen However, it was not all bleak. Despite A theoretically informed ethnography of Islamic educational platforms lost access tastes due to easy access to Western might better support them. as equivalent to marriage, by community great difficulties, many young people a new Islamic scholarly network that is to financial resources and faced intense media networks; social apps; the internet; members and the couples alike, but came preferred to be married, found joy and working to revive rationalist scholarship competition from modern Western and increased travel. But, equally Led by Principal Investigators Gina without the legal protections of formal love with their partners and children, and educational institutions, which now important factors are: time away from Crivello and Gillian Mann, country-based marriage. For some couples these unions were hopeful and working hard towards received state funds and awarded degrees colonial rule, which is weakening the researchers held interviews with 345 were beneficial due to the ease with their futures. that provided routes to upward mobility. strong intellectual imprint left behind by married, cohabitating, or divorced young which they could be dissolved, while for colonial powers, making some look for people in urban, peri-urban, and rural others the cost of traditional marriage By 2030, the UN’s Sustainable More critically, the state’s prioritisation alternative modes of engagement with communities in four countries: Ethiopia, was too high, and so this was their only Development Goals aim to end marriage of Western education over education modernity instead of simply copying the India (Andhra Pradesh and Telangana option. under the age of 18. But we cannot provided in Islamic educational institutions West; an upwardly mobile second and states), Peru, and Zambia. They spoke forget the millions who are already led to the exit of Muslim elites from third-generation Muslim population in the with young people about their varied Most did not plan to marry or parent married. Support and second chances are the latter institutions. This also involved West, keen to establish Islam’s relevance experiences with relationships and new in their teens. A lack of sexual health essential to allow these young people, and the exit of the leading Islamic scholarly to modern reality; and, equally (though roles and responsibilities, including in education and social taboos around their children, a better future. families, who in order to maintain their ironically) the rise of Islamic militancy. parenthood, separation, and divorce. A female adolescent sexuality discouraged elite status sent their younger generations total of 77 group discussions were also open discussions and contraception use, Learn more about our study and our to be educated in Western institutions. Disruptions, as Schumpeter tells us, held with parents, community members, and led to many unplanned pregnancies policy recommendations here: The result was that Islamic scholarship can be productive. In some way, Islamic and service providers to understand the and subsequent relationships. www.younglives.org.uk/content/ during the 19th and 20th centuries militancy since September 11 has created context of the young people’s lives and young-marriage-and-parenthood- was for the first time in Islamic history such a disruption: the negative image that the social norms of their communities. Most had already dropped out of school study-ymap primarily delegated to the socially and Islamic militancy gave to Islam has forced early due to poverty or pregnancy but economically marginalised, and often also ordinary young Muslims to reflect on their Our comparative findings, across all four once married and parenting, options YMAPS ran between 2017 and 2020, the least intellectually able. faith and who is representing it. This has countries, found many commonalities. narrowed even further. Financial restraints, with funding from the International encouraged dynamic, modern, educated Multidimensional poverty, including weak work, restrictive gender norms, and family Development Research Centre (IDRC) The book is thus also theoretically young Muslims to engage intellectually sexual and reproductive health and rights, responsibilities meant few could return in Canada and in collaboration between engaged with debates on knowledge with their religious tradition and brought were defining reasons for early marriage to education or gain further skills. Even Young Lives and Child Frontiers, a creation and elite involvement. scholars representing the more rationalist, or parenting. While parents, community if there was legal provision to support consulting company that works in Engagement of elites with any knowledge as opposed to textually rigid, approaches members, and the young people young parents and married people to partnership to promote the care, well- base brings intellectual capital acquired to the forefront. Presenting evidence on themselves agreed it was better to marry return to school, this was rarely acted being and protection of children. The through their education in leading the spread of this movement, the book and have children in their 20s, for most, upon. Lack of available and affordable young people interviewed were drawn institutions, but equally elites bring predicts that Islamic rationalism, and poverty severely limited their available childcare also restricted the feasibility of from select groups from the Young Lives’ social connections and influence that in not jihadism, will be the most influential options. returning to school and made it difficult study in Ethiopia, India (Andhra Pradesh turn shape socio-economic and political Islamic movement of the 21st century. for young women to work outside the and Telangana states), and Peru, and institutions. Their involvement also We learnt that while there was legislation home. Young people found it incredibly Child Frontier’s study in Zambia. The brings economic security to a knowledge Masooda Bano (2019) The Revival of against child marriage in place, many hard to improve upon their circumstances research in India was funded by the platform, as they have the resources to Islamic Rationalism: Logic, Metaphysics skirted this through informal unions, and get out of the trap of poverty. Children’s Investment Fund Foundation, support it. As the book shows, the biggest and Mysticism in Modern Muslim which were common in Ethiopia, Peru, and with data collection in 2016. Masooda Bano contribution of the current movement for Societies, Cambridge University Press 16 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT | ANNUAL REPORT 2020 17 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2017

HUMANITARIAN NEUTRALITY AND HUNGER RELIEF IMPACT AND ENGAGEMENT By Tom Scott-Smith Associate Professor of Refugee Studies and Forced Migration

Humanitarian action has a moral simplicity that has long made it intuitively attractive. Compared to development, it concentrates on saving lives, not improving systems. Rather than engaging with the often messy and political process of long-term structural change, humanitarians focus instead on immediate human needs. This is especially the case for ‘classical’ humanitarian agencies, which maintain an ideal of purity in humanitarian © UNHCR/Hélène Caux action and espouse principles such as neutrality and impartiality that stress their distinction both from development and on micro-scale interactions between of vitamins, exploring how the direct from politics. nutrients and bodies, which tends to ingestion of nutrients in the form of pills involve acting directly on people by, and later protein injections in the 1930s In reality, things are not so simple. for example, determining the extent and 1940s led to the medicalisation of Emergency assistance has many political of hunger on the physique through hunger, as food became isolated from its effects: prolonging conflicts, skewing measuring fat and muscle wastage cultural and social significance. I then look incentives, and influencing other (nutritional anthropometry), or developing at the vat-grown high modernist famine institutions. Over the past 30 years products and rations that are nutritionally foods of the 1960s, when state-led many books and articles have looked at balanced to meet bodily needs. industrialisation helped newly independent these effects, and we now know a great states manufacture nutrients in factories, deal about how donor funding directs In my book, On an Empty Stomach: Two producing food for famines that required humanitarian attention to strategically Hundred Years of Hunger Relief, I turn no input from agricultural labour and no significant crises, how the aid economy our scholarly attention to these practices, lengthy process of growing plants in soil. deepens divisions and diverts resources situating them against the long history Betts Alexander in civil war, and how humanitarianism can of humanitarian strategies for tackling All these examples show how technical undermine local democratic accountability. hunger in emergencies. Techniques for humanitarian systems were influenced feeding starving people may seem neutral by prevailing ideas in politics, culture, ODID has an exceptionally On the research side, our In this section you can read examples Yet ‘classical’ humanitarianism continues and objective, but they have changed a and society. In this respect, strong track record of outreach, scholarly output and our faculty of recent impact on policy from our to be attractive, in part because these great deal over the past two centuries humanitarianism is no different from dissemination of research findings and researchers have impact research groups, as well as a personal political effects can be presented as and in their twists and turns they have development, with fashions and outside academia, and policy and influence through a range reflection from our academic containable corruptions from a powerfully always been influenced by social, cultural, ideologies coming and going, leaving engagement. of channels. The most direct Simukai Chigudu on his high-profile simple idea: the moral imperative to and political conditions. their imprint in technical systems. I and immediate links to impact involvement with Rhodes Must Fall relieve suffering. Part of the reason for conclude that our current arrangements A major part of our impact and and engagement come through and Black Lives Matter. this is that aid agencies now have such I begin my book by looking at the for managing hunger in emergencies engagement comes about through advisory roles, such as serving well-established technical systems, which industrial soup kitchens of the Victorian are similarly influenced by recent trends our alumni, who take ODID to the on research council panels and seem insulated from politics, focused era, which were designed to convert towards individualism and faith in markets. world: we train a large number of advising government departments, around the provision of expert medical donations into nutrition for the These come with benefits as well as costs. graduates who become influential international organisations, care and infrastructural engineering. maximum number of people, feeding We can argue about whether a particular development practitioners in foundations, and civil society. Take hunger, for example. Whereas the ‘deserving’ poor with a soup that approach is efficient or inefficient, international institutions, including development agencies seek to address could be produced quickly, at scale, whether it is fair or not, whether it is the UN system, World Bank and Over the medium term, the main the root causes of hunger in a way that making the most of cheap ingredients. progressive or reactionary, but we can no IMF, national governments, the channels for impact and engagement is self-evidently political – looking at I then look at the origins of nutritional longer claim that it operates in a purified NGO sector, and, increasingly, in are through specific policy-focused agricultural policy, economic systems, requirements, and the debates around neutral and apolitical space, as the ideals social enterprise and development elements of the research agenda purchasing power, and so on – the physical characteristics of racial groups of classical humanitarian might suggest. consultancy. and, over the longer term, through task of classical humanitarians is more at the turn of the 20th century, which the deeper impact of our research narrowly focused on the job of getting became related to eugenicist ideas about Tom Scott-Smith (2020) On an Empty in shaping ideas and agendas in food into people quickly and efficiently. the relationship between food and human Stomach: Two Hundred Years of Hunger domestic and international public- This involves a much tighter emphasis improvement. I look at the discovery Relief, Cornell University Press policy arenas. 18 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT | ANNUAL REPORT 2020 IMPACT AND ENGAGEMENT 19

FEATURED IMPACT HELPING GOVERNMENTS FIGHT POVERTY DURING COVID-19 FACILITATING ACCESS TO TECHNOLOGY FOR LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES

By Maya Evans and number of people at high risk if they and Angola – have launched new national By Jo Boyce Research Communications Officer, contracted COVID-19 due to deprivation Multidimensional Poverty Indices (MPIs) Communications Officer, ODID OPHI in three key indicators – nutrition, drinking to track the progress of their policies and water, and cooking fuel. Our research to inform more efficient and coordinated Professor Xiaolan Fu has played an integral From the outset of the pandemic, it was showed that globally, some 472 million poverty reduction. role in the creation of a new online clear that the impact of COVID-19 on people are living with deprivation in all platform that aims to give low-income global poverty would be severe. The three indicators. This year also marked ten years since the countries better information about crisis has provided another sobering global Multidimensional Poverty Index technology and innovation to help them perspective on inequalities and their OPHI has also been supporting (global MPI) was first launched. The 2020 achieve the Sustainable Development consequences, and threatens to governments to create multidimensional joint report with the Human Development Goals (SDGs). exacerbate these disparities further. The vulnerability indices to inform national Report Office of the United Nations UN Secretary General, Antonio Guterres, rapid assessments, and together Development Programme (UNDP HDRO) The 2030 Connect platform provides observed in July that ‘while we are all with the Multidimensional Poverty profiled the first comprehensive study of users with access to information, best floating on the same sea…it’s clear that Peer Network (MPPN), a network of harmonised trends in multidimensional practice, and lessons learned from existing some are in superyachts while others are countries and organisations implementing poverty covering 5 billion people. The science, technology, and innovation clinging to the floating debris’. multidimensional poverty measures, has study found that 65 out of 75 countries (STI) initiatives within the United Nations been sharing countries’ experiences of reduced MPI significantly over the time system and beyond. It was launched at Deo photographer, CC BY-SA 4.0 BY-SA CC Deo photographer, The Oxford Poverty and Human their emergency and post-emergency periods studied. the 2020 High-level Political Forum on Development Initiative (OPHI) has been responses in meetings, public webinars, Sustainable Development in July. Users working to support governments as online and through issues of the MPPN The report also explored whether, before can search for publications and knowledge innovation in low-income countries and The work led to Professor Fu being invited they respond to the COVID-19 crisis. magazine Dimensions. the pandemic, countries had been on resources; technology solutions; financial her engagement with the UN organisation to address the UN General Assembly in At the beginning of the pandemic, OPHI track to achieve their commitment to resources and matchmaking; and capacity over several years. 2014. Drawing on results from DILIC, undertook assessments of possible Meanwhile, OPHI has been continuing halve multidimensional poverty between development. Professor Fu argued that innovation was vulnerability across populations in its work to embed multidimensional 2015 and the 2030 in accordance with Research undertaken by Professor Fu a strategic priority for LICs and helped developing regions including a special poverty measurement around the world. the Sustainable Development Goals Professor Fu led the independent review as part of the Diffusion of Innovation in to form a high-level policy consensus study of Sub-Saharan Africa. Online maps This year five countries –Seychelles, (SDGs). If observed trends had continued, working group for the online platform. Low-income Countries (DILIC) project at between UN member states on the were created to show the proportion Maldives, the State of Palestine, Ghana 47 out of 75 countries would have been the Technology and Management Centre importance of technology and innovation on track. These positive findings were Launch of 2030 Connect is a key for Development (TMCD) reviewed and in achieving the SDGs. counterbalanced by the current crisis. In achievement of the Technology analysed the global evidence available addition to the annual update showing Facilitation Mechanism (TFM), which was on the nature of innovation in LICs, its She was then invited to lead a symposium where multidimensional poverty persists established by the UN in 2015 to enable origins and diffusion channels, the barriers at the UN Development Cooperation globally, the report included simulations governments, civil society, business, to innovation, and the role of innovation Forum in April 2015 in South Korea. based on different scenarios using two the scientific community, UN agencies, in sustainable development. This Both meetings were critical in setting indicators of the global MPI which suggest and other actors to collaborate and to comprehensive study was complemented the agenda for the Addis Ababa meeting that, if unaddressed, progress in reducing evaluate how different technologies can by in-depth studies of firms in Ghana, in August 2015, at which the TFM was MPI across 70 developing countries could help or hinder achievement of the SDGs. Tanzania and Kenya. agreed. be set back between 3 and 10 years. The TFM also comprises an inter-agency A key finding of the project was that In recognition of the importance of the At the launch event for the global MPI, the task team on STI, currently consisting of increasing technological capabilities in Oxford research, Professor Fu was also UNDP Administrator, Achim Steiner, said 42 entities; an annual multi-stakeholder LICs needed to be seen by researchers appointed by then-UN Secretary General of the MPI it ‘helps us figure out where to forum on STI for the SDGs; and a ten- and policy-makers as an essential current Ban Ki-Moon in 2017 to the Governing apply pressure to do the greatest good for member advisory group, as well as means of development and not just as a Council of a new UN Technology Bank for the greatest number…where we can act the online platform. Professor Fu was desirable future outcome of development. Least Developed Countries (LDCs). The now to tackle the more severe effects of appointed to the advisory group, the only Bank aims to support technology access, the crisis, and what we can do to prepare academic member, in 2016. The DILIC project findings helped to acquisition, and utilisation in LDCs and to countries and communities for the next transform policy-makers’ understanding promote research networking among their one.’ The hope at OPHI is that despite The TFM is central to achievement of of the potential for and barriers to STI communities. Its operationalisation the challenges of 2020, progress against SDG9 (‘Build resilient infrastructure, innovation in LICs, and through the UN marked the achievement of the first SDG poverty reduction can be sustained promote inclusive and sustainable Conference on Trade and Development target – target 17.8. through continued monitoring and industrialisation and foster innovation’) (UNCTAD), the UN Industrial measurement and with the innovation and and SDG17 (‘Global cooperation in a Development Organisation (UNIDO), and Professor Fu is Professor of Technology the continued commitment of colleagues cumulative and collaborative way’). the UN Department of Economic and and International Development at ODID in poverty reduction across governments, Social Affairs (UN DESA) which supported and Director of the TMCD. civil society, academia, business, and the Professor Fu’s involvement with the TFM the project, its findings were disseminated

Dhiraj Singh Dhiraj wider public. resulted from her research into the role of across the developing world. 20 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT | ANNUAL REPORT 2020 IMPACT AND ENGAGEMENT 21

IN THE MEDIA CONFRONTING ANTI-BLACK RACISM AT OXFORD AND BEYOND

By Simukai Chigudu could I not be angry? Like many other inclusion and exclusion, and being and Associate Professor African Politics black people in the UK and around the belonging in Britain. world, I witnessed the brutal torture and The toppling of the Edward Colston statue murder of George Floyd with outrage and I was a DPhil student in ODID at that in Bristol made for a dramatic scene. The revulsion. Outrage and revulsion at the time as well as a founding member of our frantic energy of large crowds cheering long legacy of structural and institutional chapter of RMF. Initial reactions to our while the statue of the slave merchant racism that has killed, exploited, movement was often hostile, infantilising, plunged into the Avon river signalled the subjugated, and silenced so many black and casually racist. Five years later, the release of pent-up tension and frustration, people in the United States, in Britain, and conversation has progressed. It now accumulated during a pandemic crisis and in former white settler colonies. appears that the Rhodes statue may widespread anti-racism protests in the well be removed while more members summer of 2020. It is this same outrage at institutional of our University community seem to racism that ignited the Rhodes Must have accepted the reality and complexity Within 48 hours, Oxford was seized Fall (RMF) campaign in South Africa in of anti-black racism. Symbolic victories by the same zeal. Over 1,000 people early 2015. That protest rapidly became are important. But they are a point of © Young Lives / Mulugeta Gebrekidan / Mulugeta Lives © Young gathered on the city’s High Street transnational, announcing itself in Oxford departure not arrival when pursuing a to call for the removal of the statue by asking uncomfortable questions more widespread project of institutional commemorating the notorious Victorian about the University’s past. A former change. ODID academics and students are frequently called on by the media for comment and analysis imperialist, Cecil John Rhodes. A wide imperial training ground, Oxford is strewn on topical issues, drawing on their specialist knowledge to bring depth and objectivity to current range of advocacy groups from different with tributes to the great men of the Throughout this summer, I have debates. This year, they have been in demand for analysis of the implications of the pandemic parts of Oxford staged a coordinated, British Empire, who have portraits, been called upon by a multitude of on a wide range of issues related to development studies. A selection of this year’s COVID-19 peaceful, and impassioned protest about busts, engravings, statues, and even constituencies to recount the history of commentary is presented below. the statue and about structural racism in buildings dedicated to their memory. RMF, explain the contours of anti-black Britain. Routinely forgotten are the histories of racism, and propose pathways forward conquest, famine, and dispossession that to a more equitable future. This has been 19 July 2020 19 June 2020 22 May 2020 When it was my turn to address the these men left in their wake. RMF drew too much of a burden for me to bear ‘Coronavirus could reverse a decade of ‘A time capsule for future social ‘Global value chains, innovation and crowd, I introduced myself as one of attention to this iconography as part of as an individual and speaks to the crisis progress in reducing global poverty levels, science researchers: Loren B Landau’. international trade’. Xiaolan Fu discussed about seven black professors (official a manifold agenda that included two of representation of black faculty in the UN study suggests’. The Independent In an interview with the Social Science the short-term disruptions and likely statistics are not available) at the additional aims: reforming the Eurocentric university. For an anti-racism project to wrote about the 2020 global MPI from Research Council, Loren Landau suggested long-term transformations caused by University of Oxford to simultaneous curricula that dominate the university’s be sustainable, it will need much more OPHI and the UNDP and what it reveals COVID-19 offers oppressive states new COVID-19 in a podcast for the Official cheers and shock. I proceeded to say that pedagogy across diverse fields of study collective engagement. Racism cannot about COVID-19 powers to manage, exploit, or sacrifice Monetary and Financial Institutions Forum I am an angry black man, fully aware of and addressing the under-representation only be a concern for those directly certain populations the ugly stereotype that accompanies and inadequate welfare provision for black affected by it. My own hope is that we 8 July 2020 20 May 2020 this image – hot-blooded, impervious and minority ethnic staff and students at at ODID can – with our usual rigour and ‘Microfinance and COVID-19 in Pakistan: 4 June 2020 ‘Many refugees living in Nairobi struggle to to reason, and unworthy of serious Oxford. Crucially, in 2015 and now, RMF interdisciplinary thinking – mobilise our What happens after lockdown?’ ‘The two faces of income inequality: survive because of COVID-19’. Naohiko engagement – particularly when talking opened up discussions about how we talk expertise to tackle anti-black racism in Muhammad Meki discussed the impact who’ll be hardest hit by the pandemic?’. Omata wrote for the Conversation on the about matters of racial injustice. But how about the dynamics of race and racism, our community and globally. of COVID-19 on Pakistan’s microfinance Diego Sánchez-Ancochea wrote for ways in which the pandemic is disrupting sector in a webinar for FinDev Gateway the UNESCO Inclusive Policy Lab about refugees’ ability to support themselves inequality in the pandemic, emphasising 19 June 2020 that the elite may end up being 18 May 2020 ‘Hitting the brakes: rise in COVID-19 beneficiaries ‘Coming of age in the time of coronavirus: cases in India forces more lockdowns’. young lives and families in low- and Nikita Sud was interviewed by TRT World 2 June 2020 middle-income countries’. Gina Crivello about the economic implications of ‘History tells us coronavirus pandemic drew on the findings of Young Lives’ COVID-19 for India as it goes in and out could lead to global reduction in poverty, Young Marriage and Parenthood study of cycles of lockdown Oxford academic says’. Sabina Alkire was and the implications of COVID-19 for the interviewed by the Independent on the University of Oxford’s Science blog 19 June 2020 potential impact of the pandemic ‘Lives or livelihoods? Global estimates 18 May 2020 of the mortality and poverty costs of 30 May 2020 ‘Pandemic narratives and the historian’. COVID-19’. In a blog for the World Bank, ‘How colonialism and austerity are shaping Simukai Chigudu took part in an interview Olivier Sterck and colleagues set out a Africa’s response to the coronavirus’. with leading historians of public health, way in which the health and economic Simukai Chigudu was interviewed by epidemics, and disaster science about costs of the pandemic can be expressed Jacobin magazine about COVID-19 in history and COVID-19 for the LA Review Professor Chigudu being interviewed by Owen Jones of the Guardian. through a common unit Africa of Books 22 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT | ANNUAL REPORT 2020 23 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2017

12 May 2020 17 April 2020 31 March 2020 ‘COVID-19 in the Palestinian refugee ‘Nearly 60 million of India’s poor most ‘How data-mining companies are set to EVENTS camps’. Anne Irfan wrote for the RSC’s vulnerable’. Sabina Alkire and Christian gain from the COVID-19 pandemic’. Ivan COVID blog on Palestinian refugee Oldiges spoke to Hindustan Times about Manokha wrote for OpenDemocracy communities’ particular vulnerabilities the high risk of the pandemic to India’s that such companies will be empowered to COVID-19 as a result of 72 years of most poor and normalised, to the detriment of displacement and overlapping crises and democracy rights violations 14 April 2020 ‘Coronavirus puts class dimension of 31 March 2020 5 May 2020 mobility into sharp focus’. Robin Cohen ‘Digital diplomacy in the time of the ‘Ghost towns and crackdowns: the politics wrote for the Conversation on how the coronavirus pandemic’. Corneliu Bjola co- of urban COVID-19 control’. David pandemic demonstrates the salience of authored a post with former DPhil student Jackman and Tom Goodfellow wrote for class to the spread, containment, and Ilan Manor for the CPD Blog analysing the SIID blog on the range of strategies impact of infectious diseases how effectively ministries of foreign for urban control used by political elites affairs are using social media during the in response to COVID-19, from coercion 14 April 2020 pandemic and overt violence to ‘generative’ ‘COVID-19 has Kenyan refugee camp on interventions that aim to consolidate edge’. Cory Rodgers wrote in The New 26 March 2020 support Humanitarian on preparations at the ‘From cholera to corona: The politics Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya ahead of a of plagues in Africa’. Simukai Chigudu 1 May 2020 potential outbreak of the virus discussed the lessons for the coronavirus ‘Buyer responsibility and the growing response from the 2008 cholera outbreak crisis in Bangladesh’. Chris Woodruff 13 April 2020 in Zimbabwe with Africa is a Country explored the impact of COVID-19 on ‘Africa does not need saving during this the Bangladesh garment industry and pandemic’. Robtel Neajai Pailey wrote for 25 March 2020 suggested decisions by foreign buyers Al Jazeera on what lessons can be learnt ‘They have been left completely in limbo’. on whether to honour commitments to from the global South’s examples of Nikita Sud was interviewed by TRT World previously agreed orders would play a ingenuity, generosity, and empathy during on the impact of India’s coronavirus crucial role in a post for VOX EU. the pandemic lockdown on the country’s informal workers 28 April 2020 8 April 2020 ‘Why refugees are an asset in the fight ‘The marooned malaise: COVID-19 and 25 March 2020 against coronavirus’. Alexander Betts, Africa’s stolen futures’. Loren Landau ‘Oxford scholar sees COVID-19 pandemic Evan Easton-Calabria, and Kate Pincock reflected on what the COVID-19 as “wake-up call for collaboration”’. Xiaolan wrote for the Conversation about how containment means for sub-Saharan Fu spoke to Xinhua News about the need the work of refugee-led organisations African imaginations and politics for the for global corporation to address the is now more relevant than ever in COMPAS blog pandemic responding to the consequences of COVID-19 6 April 2020 3 March 2020

‘The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic ‘The division of global value chains Alghurabi Lur 22 April 2020 on global value chains and policy choices has been changing’. Xiaolan Fu was ‘Distress deepens in Indian villages, for China’. Xiaolan Fu wrote for the interviewed by Xinhua Net on the likely worsening economic pain’. Nikita Financial Times about the impact of the impact of the coronavirus epidemic on the The pandemic inevitably had a huge We held a very successful public Please note that due to the Sud spoke to Bloomberg about rural pandemic Chinese economy impact on ODID’s normal events engagement series, Oxford pandemic, the regular RSC and OPHI unemployment in India in light of migrants’ schedule this year. While Michaelmas Development Talks, as well as co- Summer Schools did not take place in return to their villages 3 April 2020 term saw us hosting our seminar hosting a new series with the London 2020. ‘Access to digital learning during series, public lectures, and policy- School of Economics and Political 21 April 2020 COVID-19 closures: compounding related events as usual, in Hilary and Science, exploring the impact of the Read about some of the highlights ‘Shelter from the Middle East’s perfect educational inequality?’. Rhiannon Trinity term we abandoned in person pandemic from the perspective of from our 2019/20 events calendar storm’. Adeel Malik wrote for Project Moore and Lyida Marshall wrote on the events and moved online. While development studies. Our research in this section. Syndicate on the critical necessity of a implications of school closures across the the switch to Zoom and Teams was groups ran webinars, public lectures new cooperative regional order in the world for the Young Lives blog forced upon us, we rapidly embraced and seminar series, many of them Middle East amidst the pandemic the opportunities offered by the new focussing on the implications of formats to attract larger audiences COVID-19, including a series from from across the world. the Refugee Studies Centre co- For a full list of media coverage, including links to online content, please visit: hosted with refugee organisations, www.qeh.ox.ac.uk/content/media which would have been impossible to achieve with an Oxford-based event. 24 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT | ANNUAL REPORT 2020 EVENTS 25

Overcoming Boko Haram: A Book Governance and Impact of Research in Low- and Middle-income Countries: Perspectives of Young Marriage and Divorce in and a Conversation Annual Elizabeth Colson Lives Country Directors Adolescents: Before and 1 June 2020 Lecture 2020: ‘Mobility After COVID-19 Online and Immobility in the 6 February 2020 19 May 2020 Time of Coronavirus: Saïd Business School, Oxford Online This event launched Overcoming Boko Reflections from Long- Haram: Faith, Society and Islamic term Study of Migration This event, supported by the Global Twelve million girls are married Radicalisation in Northern Nigeria, and Displacement’ Challenges Research Fund, brought under the age of 18 every year, by Abdul Raufu Mustapha and Kate 24 June 2020 together Young Lives’ country and UN agencies warn of a Meagher (eds). The book examines Online directors from Ethiopia, India, and doubling of this number due to the the social and political processes that Professor Laura Hammond, Peru, to share their perspectives as coronavirus pandemic. explain the rise of the Nigerian Islamic SOAS, University of London long-term partners in the Oxford-led extremist group known as Boko Haram, study. Young Lives, together with and considers what it can tell us about As the COVID-19 virus spreads Child Frontiers, Girls Not Brides, the rise of Islamic violence in West across the world, more than The event was produced as a podcast and GreeneWorks, organised Africa more broadly. Looking beyond the a quarter of citizens are living and in the first episode, Professor a webinar to promote discussion preoccupation with jihadis and global under some form of restricted Santiago Cueto, Dr Renu Singh, and of what measures need to be terrorist networks, the book offers movement. For migrants, Dr Alula Pankhurst drew on their taken to ensure that life does new insights into the drivers of Islamic refugees, and others for whom experience in research, governance, not return to ‘normal’ after extremism in Nigeria and beyond – mobility is an essential, even a and policy engagement to highlight COVID-19, but equally that poverty, regional inequality, environmental life-saving act, these restrictions the strategies they have used to key gains for gender equality stress, youth unemployment, and state pose particular risks. In this ensure research impact. are not lost. corruption and human rights abuses – lecture, Professor Hammond with a view to charting more sustainable explored how forced migration Listen to the podcast: Speakers included: Nikki van paths out of the conflict. studies can help us to better bit.ly/YL_Methodological der Gaag (independent gender understand the monumental consultant); Ramata Molo Thioune Speakers included Professor Diego implications of the coronavirus (IDRC); Gina Crivello (Young Lives); Sánchez-Ancochea (ODID); Dr Kate pandemic on communities Gillian Mann (Child Frontiers); Meagher (London School of Economics involved or affected by migration Chelsea L Ricker (lifelong sexual and Political Science); Dr Rahmane Idrissa and displacement, with particular and reproductive rights activist); (University of Leiden); Dr Adeel Malik reference to the Horn of Africa Rachel Yates (Girls Not Brides); (ODID and the Oxford Centre for Islamic region. Annual Harrell-Bond Lecture Venkatraman Chandra-Mouli Studies) and Dr Abubakar Kawu Monguno The Asian Miracle: Learning from a Half-century of Development 2019: ‘The Map is Not the (WHO). (University of Maiduguri). Watch the lecture: Territory: Story-making, Place bit.ly/ECL_2020 and Performance’ Watch the recording: Find out more: bit.ly/OBH_launch 30 October 2019 bit.ly/YL_Marriage St Anne’s College, Oxford Dame Marina Warner, novelist and Launch of the 2020 Global MPI Professor of English and Creative Writing, Side Event with Costa Rica at 16 July 2020 Birkbeck College 74th Session of UN General UNHQ, New York Assembly Dame Marina Warner explored the 25 September 2019 OPHI and the Human Development

Lur Alghurabi Lur potential of imaginative tale-spinning UNHQ, New York Report Office of the United Nations in establishing a sense of place and Development Programme launched 5 March 2020 development, situated in the wider belonging, drawing upon her current OPHI held a Side Event during the SDG the findings of the annual update Harris Manchester College, Oxford context of historical, political, and project, ‘Stories in Transit’. This project Summit at the 74th UN General Assembly of the global Multidimensional Deepak Nayyar, Emeritus Professor social factors, and an economic organises storytelling workshops in the at UN Headquarters in New York. Hosted Poverty Index. Moderated by UNDP’s of Economics, Jawaharlal Nehru analysis of the underlying factors, with UK and in Palermo, bringing young by the President of Costa Rica, Carlos Administrator, Achim Steiner, the Bank; and Theadora Swift Koller, University a focus on critical issues in the process migrant students together with artists, Alvarado, high-level speakers from high-level panel included Mr Abdul Senior Technical Advisor, Equity, at of, and outcomes in, development. writers, and musicians. It aims to Bangladesh, Bhutan, Chile, Curaçao, Costa Mannan, Honourable Minister of the World Health Organisation. Prince This lecture analysed the phenomenal The analytical conclusions drawn establish the right of displaced Rica, Egypt, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Planning from Bangladesh; Isabel Saint Clem Ikanade Agba, Honourable transformation of Asia, which would contribute to contemporary debates individuals to cultural expression, to Seychelles, South Africa, USA, League Malo, the former Vice-President of Minister of State for Budget and have been difficult to imagine, let on development, and highlight some encourage story making, and to inspire of Arab States, Sida, UNDP, UN-ECLAC, Panama; Professor Olivier De Schutter, National Planning, Nigeria, sent a alone predict, 50 years ago. In doing lessons from the Asian experience for participants to draw on their own and UNICEF shared their experiences of UN Special Rapporteur on Extreme written address. so, it provided an analytical narrative countries elsewhere. traditions and imagination. using multidimensional poverty indices Poverty and Human Rights; Dean of this remarkable story of economic (MPIs) to fight the interlinked features of Joliffe, Lead Economist at the World Watch the launch: bit.ly/MPI_2020 Listen to the lecture: bit.ly/HBL_2020 poverty. 26 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT | ANNUAL REPORT 2020 27 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2017

LSE-Oxford Seminar Series: ‘Insights from Development OPHI/MPPN Webinars PUBLICATIONS Studies in the Era of the Online Pandemic’ Online OPHI and the Multidimensional National Statistics Office of Colombia Poverty Peer Network (MPPN) hosted (DANE), presented the experience of ODID and the London School of a number of webinars discussing Colombia in using an MPI alongside Economics and Political Science co-hosted responses to COVID-19 from the other data to identify the households an online series exploring COVID-19 and perspective of policy-makers working which might be the most vulnerable to development studies. The series included in poverty reduction. Sabina Alkire and COVID-19. In July, panellists explained the following talks: The Macroeconomic Monica Pinilla from OPHI presented the some of the key findings from the Impact of Coronavirus with Ben Multidimensional Vulnerability Index 2020 global MPI report, including a Radley (LSE) and Xiaolan Fu (Oxford); (MVI), which can identify those most presentation on ‘changes over time Migration, Refugees and Human vulnerable to contracting COVID-19 in multidimensional poverty’ and a Dignity with Nimesh Dhungana (LSE) to help focus emergency responses. section on how COVID-19 could and Alexander Betts (Oxford); The Juan Daniel Oviedo, Director of the affect multidimensional poverty. COVID Drama in Africa: Tales of the Unexpected with Kate Meagher (LSE) and Simukai Chigudu (Oxford) RSC Public Seminar Series: and Health, Poverty and Human ‘#ByRefugees – Strengthening Development with Ernestina Coast and Refugee-led Humanitarian Rishita Nandagiri (LSE) and Sabina Alkire Response during the COVID-19 (Oxford). Pandemic’ Online Watch the talks: bit.ly/ODID_LSE The RSC’s Trinity term webinar series focused on refugee-led assistance and Oxford Development Talks protection in the context of COVID-19. Online It featured panels of individuals whose work is shaping how we understand and This series aimed to showcase the best support refugee-led responses during of Oxford thinking on international crisis. Their accomplishments – whether development, making it accessible to a as practitioners, policy influencers, wider general public. funders, or community responders – challenge conventional top-down International development faces approaches to humanitarian assistance. major challenges in the context of These approaches are increasingly COVID-19. Low and middle-income important in the current context, in which countries are likely to be the worst traditional humanitarian capacity has been affected, not only by the virus but

stretched and forced to adapt. Refugee- also its indirect consequences for the Raphael Bradenbrink UNDP and OPHI led organisations are on the frontline of global economy, multilateral funding, MOOC: ‘Designing a the response, in both refugee camps and and the provision of essential public Multidimensional Poverty cities. Series conveners were Alexander services. With the public focused The department continued to ODID academics also edit a number The department and a number of its Index’ Betts and Andonis Marden (Refugee increasingly on domestic challenges, produce a steady stream of top- of book series: Africa: Policies for research programmes have active Online Studies Centre), Shaza Al Rihawi, Anila there is a risk of declining support for flight academic publications during Prosperity (Professor Christopher Working Paper series to provide Noor, Najeeba Wazefadost, and Mustafa bilateral and multilateral assistance. It is 2019/20. You can find out more Adam, Oxford University Press); rapid access to their latest findings, UNDP and OPHI launched a highly Alio (Global Refugee-Led Network). Many thus more important than ever that the about this year’s publications by Diversity and Plurality in South Asia as well as producing a variety successful MOOC via Learning panellists were refugees. Panels included wider public can understand, engage departmental staff in this section. (Professor Nandini Gooptu, Anthem); of research and policy briefings for Nature entitled ‘Designing a topics such as refugee-led responses with, and debate key ideas in international New Diplomacy (Professor Corneliu to enable dissemination to non- multidimensional poverty index’. in urban contexts; how international development. ODID hosts one of the leading Bjola, Routledge); and Studies in academic audiences. In addition, the The course brought together over organisations can support refugee-led scholarly journals in the field, Forced Migration (produced in RSC produces the magazine Forced 2,400 policy-makers, technical organisations; philanthropic support The series included talks focused on Oxford Development Studies, a association with the RSC, Berghahn Migration Review, the most widely experts, and other stakeholders for refugee-led initiatives; refugee-led poverty, equality, migration, human multidisciplinary journal published Books). read publication on refugees and engaged in developing national responses in camp settings; and refugees rights, and trade, in India, Africa and Latin four times a year, aimed at the internally displaced and stateless and subnational MPIs. It is now in international humanitarian organisations. America, among others. research and policy-making people. available as a self-paced online community. This year, ODS module at bit.ly/OPHI_MOOC Find full details, including links to the Watch the full series: relaunched with new aims and webinars: bit.ly/RSC_ByRefugees bit.ly/OxDevTalks scope – find out more on p31. 28 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT | ANNUAL REPORT 2020 PUBLICATIONS 29

Alexander, Jocelyn (with JoAnn McGregor) Easton-Calabria, Evan (2020) ‘Warriors of Meki, Muhammad (with Kashif Malik, Sánchez-Ancochea, Diego (2019 online) (2020 online) ‘The travelling Toyi-Toyi: soldiers self-reliance: the instrumentalization of Afghan Jonathan Morduch, Timothy Ogden, Simon ‘The surprising reduction of inequality during and the politics of drill’, Journal of Southern refugees in Pakistan’, Journal of Refugee Studies Quinn, and Farah Said) (2020 online) a commodity boom: what do we learn from African Studies 33 (1): 143–66 ‘COVID-19 and the future of microfinance: Latin America?’, Journal of Economic Policy evidence and insights from Pakistan’, Oxford Reform Alexander, Jocelyn (with Paolo Israel, Miles Easton-Calabria, Evan (with Claudia Skran) (2020) Review of Economic Policy Larmer and Ricardo Soares de Oliveira) (eds) ‘Old concepts making new history: refugee self- Scott-Smith, Tom (2019 online) ‘Beyond the (2020 online) ‘Liberation beyond the nation: reliance, livelihoods and the “refugee entrepreneur”’, Nogales Carvajal, Ricardo (with Jaya boxes: refugee shelter and the humanitarian interactions, cultural productions and legacies’, Journal of Refugee Studies, 33 (1): 1–21 Krishnakumar) (2019 online) ‘Public policies and politics of life’, American Ethnologist Journal of Southern African Studies equality of opportunity for wellbeing in multiple Favara, Marta (with Pablo Lavado and Alan dimensions: a theoretical discussion and evidence Scott-Smith, Tom (2019 online) ‘Places for Alexander, Jocelyn (with Paolo Israel, Miles Sanchez) (2020 online) ‘Understanding teenage from Bolivia’, Social Indicators Research people: architecture, building, and humanitarian Larmer and Ricardo Soares de Oliveira) (2020 fertility, cohabitation, and marriage: the case of innovation’ Journal of Humanitarian Affairs online) ‘Liberation beyond the nation: an Peru’, Review of Development Economics Nogales Carvajal, Ricardo (with Jaya introduction’, Journal of Southern African Studies Krishnakumar) (2020 online) ‘Education, skills Sud, Nikita (2019 online) ‘The unfixed state of Fu, Xiaolan (with Haibo Lin, George Yip, and and a good job: a multidimensional econometric unfixed land’,Development and Change Alkire, Sabina (with Monica Pinilla-Roncancio) Jinchun Yang) (2019) ‘Collaborative innovation analysis’, World Development (2020 online) ‘How poor are people with disabilities? for more value: how to make it work’, Journal of Sud, Nikita (2020 online) ‘Making the political, Evidence based on the global multidimensional Business Strategy 41 (2): 3-10 Nogales Carvajal, Ricardo (with Manuel Olave and doing politics: unfixed land in an Amoebal poverty index’, Journal of Disability Policy Studies and Pamela Córdova) (2020) ‘Bolivia: una Zone in India’, Journal of Peasant Studies Fu, Xiaolan (with Peter Buckley and Xiaoqing nueva mirada al rol de los recursos naturales Betts, Alexander (with Naohiko Omata and Maggie Fu) (2020 online) ‘The growth impact en el crecimiento económico’, Latin American Sterck, Olivier (2019) ‘Beyond the stars’, Olivier Sterck) (2020) ‘Self-reliance and social of Chinese direct investment on host developing Research Review, 55 (1): 81-98 Journal of Economic Surveys 33 (5): 1409-36 networks: explaining refugees’ reluctance to countries’, International Business Review relocate from Kakuma to Kalobeyei’, Journal of Nogales Carvajal, Ricardo (with Pamela Sterck, Olivier (2020) ‘Fighting for votes: theory Refugee Studies 33(1): 62-85 Fu, Xiaolan (with Xiaoqing Maggie Fu, Qun Bao, Córdova) (2019 online) ‘On the advantages and and evidence on the causes of electoral violence’, and Hongjun Xie) (2020 online) ‘Diffusion of feasibility of weather index-based crop insurance Economica 87 (347): 844-83 Bjola, Corneliu (with Krysianna Papadakis) (2020 industrial robots and inclusive growth: labour schemes in Bolivia’, Emerging Markets Finance online) ‘Digital propaganda, counterpublics and market evidence from cross-country data’, & Trade Woodruff, Christopher (with Michael Callen, the disruption of the public sphere: the Finnish Journal of Business Research Suresh de Mel, and Craig McIntosh) (2019) approach to building digital resilience’, Cambridge Nogales Carvajal, Ricardo (with Pamela ‘What are the headwaters of formal savings? BOOKS Gibney, Matthew J (with Émilien Fargues and Review of International Affairs Gibney, Matthew (2019 online) ‘Banishment Córdova and Manuel Urquidi) (2019) ‘On the experimental evidence from Sri Lanka’, Review of Elke Winter) (eds) (2020) When States Take and the pre-history of legitimate expulsion relationship between labor policies and market Economic Studies 86: 2491-529 Alexander, Jocelyn (with Pathisa Nyathi and Rights Back: Citizenship Revocation and its Bolt, Maxim (with Tshenolo Masha) (2019) power’, Citizenship Studies outcomes in Bolivia: a search and matching JoAnn McGregor) (eds) (2019) Lest We Discontents, Routledge ‘Recognising the family house: a problem of urban approach’, Estudios de Economía 46 (1): 61-87 Woodruff, Christopher (with Simon Quinn) Forget: Histories of the Zimbabwe People’s custom in South Africa’, South African Journal on Goodwin, Geoff (2020 online) ‘Fictitious (2019) ‘Experiments and entrepreneurship Revolutionary Army (ZPRA), AmaGugu Scott-Smith, Tom (2020) On an Empty Human Rights 35 (2): 147-68 commodification and agrarian change: indigenous Nogales Carvajal, Ricardo (with Paul Anand, in developing countries’, Annual Review of Publishers Stomach: Two Hundred Years of Hunger Relief, peoples and land markets in Highland Ecuador, Bob Ferrer, Qin Gao, and Ellaine Unterhalterges) Economics 11: 225-48 Cornell University Press Costello, Cathryn (2020) ‘Overcoming refugee Journal of Agrarian Change (2020 online) ‘COVID-19 as a capability Alexander, Jocelyn (with JoAnn McGregor and containment and crisis’, German Law Journal 21 crisis: using the capability framework to understand policy challenges’, Journal of Human Blessing-Miles Tendi) (eds) (2020) Transnational Scott-Smith, Tom (with Mark E Breeze) (eds) (1): 17-22 Irfan, Anne (2020) ‘Palestine at the UN: the PLO Development and Capabilities CHAPTERS Histories of Southern Africa’s Liberation (2020) Structures of Protection? Rethinking and UNRWA in the 1970s’, Journal of Palestine Movements, Routledge Refugee Shelter, Berghahn Costello, Cathryn (with Itamar Mann) (eds) Studies 49 (2): 26-47 Adam, Christopher (with J Wilson) (2020) (2020) ‘Special issue: border justice: migration Özkul, Derya (2019) ‘The making of a ‘Monetary and exchange rate policies in fragile Betts, Alexander (with Kate Pincock and and accountability for human rights violations’, Landau, Loren (2019) ‘A chronotope of containment transnational religion: Alevi Movement in Germany states’. In Ralph Chami, Raphael Espinoza, and Evan Easton-Calabria) (2020) The Global German Law Journal 21 (3) development: Europe’s migrant crisis and Africa’s and the World Alevi Union’, British Journal of Peter Montiel (eds) Macroeconomic Policy in Governed? Refugees as Providers of Protection JOURNAL ARTICLES AND reterritorialization’, Antipode 51 (1): 169-86 Middle Eastern Studies 46 (2): 259-73 Fragile States, Oxford University Press and Assistance, Cambridge University Press SPECIAL ISSUES Costello, Cathryn (with Itamar Mann) (2020) ‘Border justice: migration and accountability for Landau, Loren (with Caitlin Mapista) (2019 Özkul, Derya (2020) ‘Participatory research: still Alkire, Sabina (2020) ‘Multidimensional poverty Bano, Masooda (2019) The Revival of Islamic Adam, Christopher (with David Bevan) (2020) human rights violations’, German Law Journal 21 online) ‘Measuring municipal capacity to respond a one-sided research agenda?’, Migration Letters measures as policy tool’. In Henning Hahn, Robert Rationalism: Logic, Metaphysics and Mysticism ‘Tropical cyclones and post-disaster reconstruction (3): 311-34 to mobility’, Sage Open 17 (2): 229-37 Lepenies, and Valentin Beck (eds) Dimensions in Modern Muslim Societies, Cambridge of public infrastructure in developing countries’, of Poverty: Measurement, Epistemic Injustices, University Press Economic Modelling 93: 82-99 Costello, Cathryn (with Basak Çalı and Stewart Landau, Loren (with Caroline Wanjiku Kihato) Pailey, Robtel Neajai (2020) ‘De-centring the Activism, Springer Cunningham) (2020) ‘Hard protection through soft (2020 online) ‘Coercion or the social contract? “white gaze” of development’, Development and Chigudu, Simukai (2020) The Political Life of Adam, Christopher (with Mark Henstridge and courts? Non-refoulement before the United Nations COVID-19 and spatial (in)justice in African cities’, Change 51 (3): 729-45 Andersson, Ruben (2019) ‘The anthropological an Epidemic: Cholera, Crisis and Citizenship in Stevan Lee) (2020 online) ‘After the lockdown: Treaty Bodies’, German Law Journal 21 (3): 355-84 City & Society borderlands of global migration’. In Jeremy Zimbabwe, Cambridge University Press macroeconomic adjustment to the COVID-19 Pailey, Robtel Neajai (with David Harris) (2020) MacClancy (ed) Exotic No More: Anthropology pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa’, Oxford Review Doss, Cheryl (with Tanguy Bernard, Melissa Malik, Adeel (with Max Gallien) (2020 online) ‘“We don’t know who be who”: post-party for the Contemporary World, University of Cohen, Robin (2019) Migration: The Movement of Economic Policy Hidrobo, Jessica Hoel, and Caitlin Kieran) (2019 ‘Border economies of the Middle East: why do politics, forum shopping and Liberia’s 2017 Chicago Press of Humankind from Prehistory to the Present, online) ‘Ask me why: patterns of intrahousehold they matter for political economy?’, Review of elections’, Democratization 27 (5): 758-76 Andre Deutsch Alexander, Jocelyn (with JoAnn McGregor) decision-making’, World Development International Political Economy Bjola, Corneliu (with Jennifer Cassidy and Ilan (2020) ‘Adelante! Cuban trainers, Zimbabwean Rodgers, Cory (2020 online) ‘The ‘host’ label: Manor) (2019) ‘Digital public diplomacy: business Cohen, Robin (with Nicholas Van Hear) soldiers and the making of a liberation movement Easton-Calabria, Evan (with Claudia Skran) Marshall, Lydia (with Matt Padley) (2019 online) forming and transforming a community identity as usual or paradigm shift?’. In Nancy Snow and (2019) Refugia: Radical Solutions to Mass army in Angola’, Comparative Studies in Society (2020) (eds) ‘Special issue: rethinking refugee ‘Defining and measuring housing affordability using at the Kakuma Refugee Camp’, Journal of Nicholas Cull (eds) Routledge Handbook of Public Displacement, Routledge and History 62 (3): 619-50 self-reliance’, Journal of Refugee Studies 33 (1) the Minimum Income Standard’, Housing Studies Refugee Studies Diplomacy, Routledge 30 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT | ANNUAL REPORT 2020 PUBLICATIONS 31

Bolt, Maxim (2019) ‘Crisis, work and the Landau, Loren (with Dudu Ndlovu) (2020) ‘The Betts, Alexander (with Andonis Marden, Raphael meanings of mobility on the Zimbabwean-South Zimbabwe-South Africa migration corridor’. In Bradenbrink, and Jonas Kaufmann) (2020) Forced Migration Review is published in English, Arabic, Oxford Development African border’. In Joel Noret (ed) Social Im/ Tanja Bastia and Ronald Skeldon (eds) Routledge ‘Building Refugee Economies: An Evaluation of Spanish, and French, and is free of charge in print and online. Studies (ODS), the mobilities in Africa: Ethnographic Approaches, Handbook on Migration & Development, the IKEA Foundation’s Programmes in Dollo Ado’, It brings together researchers, practitioners, policy-makers multidisciplinary peer- Berghahn Routledge Refugee Economies Programme, Refugee Studies and displaced people to analyse the causes and impacts of reviewed journal that Centre, University of Oxford displacement; debate policies and programmes; share research is edited from ODID, Briddick, Catherine (2019) ‘Some other(ed) Outhred, Rachel (with Stuart Cameron and findings; reflect the lived experience of displacement; and has relaunched, with ‘refugees’? Women seeking asylum under refugee Rachita Daga) (2019) ‘Setting out a conceptual Crivello, Gina (with Gillian Mann) (2020) present examples of good practice and recommendations for revised aims and scope, and human rights law’. In SS Juss (ed.) Research framework for measuring equity in learning’. In Young Marriage, Parenthood and Divorce: A policy and action. a restructuring of its Handbook on International Refugee Law, Edward UNESCO Institute of Statistics Handbook for Comparative Study in Ethiopia, India, Peru and editorial advisory board Elgar Publishing Measuring Equity in Education Vietnam, Young Lives, University of Oxford FMR 64 and a new cover design. Dirik, Dilar (2020) ‘Only with you this broom will fly: Özkul, Derya (2019) ‘Transnationalism’. In Crivello, Gina (with Nardos Chuta, Alula Climate crisis and local The relaunch sets the Rojava, magic, and sweeping away the state inside C Inglis, W Li, and B Khadria (eds) The SAGE Pankhurst, and Yisak Tafere) Young Marriage, communities / Trafficking and journal on a new course of us’. In C Milstein (ed.) Deciding for Ourselves: Handbook of International Migration, SAGE Parenthood and Divorce in Ethiopia, Young Lives, smuggling / COVID-19: Early to meet the current and The Promise of Direct Democracy, AK Press Publishing University of Oxford reflections future demands of the June 2020 field of development studies. Friedrichs, Jörg (2020) ‘Papal presence in Rodgers, Cory (2020) ‘Hosting Refugees as an Landau, Loren (with K Bule) (2020) A Drop East and South Asia: China, India and beyond’. investment in development: grand designs versus in the Ocean: Labour Market Effects of South The first of these three features In the face of ongoing and new global challenges, the In Mariano Barbato (ed.) The Pope, the Public Africa’s Special Dispensation for Southern local expectations in Turkana County, Kenya’. focuses on the impact of the climate journal aims to serve as a forum for a wide range of voices and International Relations: Postsecular In J Lind, D Okenwa, and I Scoones (eds) Land, African Migrants, Report for the International crisis on local communities, their to contribute to the production of knowledge and ideas in Transformations, Palgrave Macmillan Investment and Politics: Reconfiguring Eastern Labour Organisation and the South African coping strategies, lessons arising, and broader questions of development studies. To this end, ODS has restructured its Africa’s Pastoral Drylands, James Currey Department of Labour Gibney, Matthew (2019) ‘The duties of access, rights, and justice. The Trafficking and smuggling feature editorial advisory board to ensure greater inclusion of both refugees’. In David Miller and Christine Straehle Scott-Smith, Tom (2020) ‘Places of Partial Landau, Loren (with Caroline Wanjiku Kihato) explores some of the current challenges, misconceptions, women and scholars based in the global South. (eds) The Political Philosophy of Refuge, Protection: Refugee Shelter since 2015’. In Tom (2019) ‘The Future of Mobility and Migration insights, and innovations in these two areas. And the shorter Cambridge University Press Scott-Smith and Mark E Breeze (eds) Structures within and from Sub-Saharan Africa’, Foresight COVID-19 feature offers preliminary reflections on the It has also revised its aims and scope: ‘Oxford Development of Protection? Rethinking Refugee Shelter, Reflection Paper, European Policy Analysis and pandemic, focusing on the role of refugee-led organisations and Studies is a peer-reviewed journal that provides a forum for Irfan, Anne (2020). ‘Whose Agency? UNRWA Berghahn Strategy System the need for data to inform responses. rigorous and critical analysis of the processes of social, political, and the Palestinian refugees in history’, In and economic change that characterise development. P Stefanini (ed.) UNRWA at 70: Palestinian Nalule, Caroline (2020) ‘Report on Citizenship FMR 63 Refugees in Context, Al Jazeera Centre for Studies Law: Kenya’, Technical Report, GLOBALCIT Country Cities and towns ODS publishes articles grounded in one or more regions of the REPORTS Reports, 2020/07, European University Institute February 2020 world as well as comparative studies. Our intellectual approach Jackman, David (2019) ‘Identifying the political drivers of quality education: a comparative Betts, Alexander (with Antonia Delius, Cory Nalule, Caroline (2020) ‘Report on Citizenship is open to work that is interdisciplinary or rooted in a single analysis’. In Samuel Hickey and Naomi Hossain Rodgers, Olivier Sterck, and Maria Stierna) Law: Tanzania’, Technical Report, GLOBALCIT Cities and towns are on the frontline discipline, such as politics, anthropology, sociology, economics, (eds) The Politics of Education in Developing (2019) Doing Business in Kakuma: Refugees, Country Reports, 2020/06, European University of receiving and welcoming people geography, or history; however, we are committed to the Countries: From Schooling to Learning, Oxford Entrepreneurship, and the Food Market, Refugee Institute who have been displaced. In this issue idea that the journal should be relevant and accessible to a University Press Studies Centre, University of Oxford of FMR, policy-makers, practitioners, readership drawn from across the social sciences. The journal NBSM, OPHI and UNICEF Maldives (2020) researchers, representatives provides an outlet for contributions to development theory and Betts, Alexander (with Leon Fryszer, Naohiko Jackman, David (2019) ‘Towards a relational National Multidimensional Poverty in Maldives of cities and international city- for original empirical analyses, both quantitative and qualitative, Omata, and Olivier Sterck) (2019) Refugee 2020, National Bureau of Statistics of Maldives view of political violence’. In Ali Riaz, Zobaida focused alliances, and displaced people themselves debate the as well as mixed methods. Nasreen, and Fahmida Zaman (eds) Political Economies in Addis Ababa: Towards Sustainable challenges facing both the urban authorities and their partners, Violence in South Asia, Routledge Opportunities for Urban Communities, Refugee NBSS, PAD and SMPI Technical Committee and the people who come to live there. In view of asymmetries in knowledge production and circulation Studies Centre, University of Oxford (2020). Multidimensional Poverty Index Report Landau, Loren (2019) ‘Capacity, complicity, 2019, National Bureau of Statistics of Seychelles, in development studies, the journal seeks to include high- and subversion: revisiting collaborative refugee Betts, Alexander (with Raphael Bradenbrink, The Poverty Alleviation Department of Seychelles FMR 62 quality research from the perspective of those traditionally research in an era of containment’. In Julie Jonathan Greenland, Naohiko Omata, and Olivier and Seychelles MPI Technical Committee, with Return: Voluntary, safe, dignified marginalised in academic publications. In particular, we aim to Young and Susan McGrath (eds) Reflections on Sterck) (2019) Refugee Economies in Dollo technical support from OPHI and durable? expand the range of articles by authors from the global South’. a Decade of the Refugee Research Network, Ado: Development Opportunities in a Border October 2019 University of Calgary Press Region of Ethiopia, Refugee Studies Centre, OPHI (2020) Multidimensional Poverty in As part of the relaunch, ODS initiated a new series of articles University of Oxford Chhattisgarh: A Measure for Action, Oxford Voluntary return in safety and with on Critical Issues in Development. To date, the journal has Landau, Loren (2019) ‘Shunning solidarity: Poverty and Human Development Initiative, dignity has long been a core tenet commissioned articles on migration, technology, race, gender, durable solutions in a fluid era’. In Megan Betts, Alexander, (with Naohiko Omata, Cory University of Oxford of the international refugee regime. and the environment. Bradley, James Milner, and Blair Peruniak (eds) Rodgers, Olivier Sterck, and Maria Stierna) In the 23 articles on ‘Return’ in this Shaping the Struggles of Their Times: Refugees, (2019) The Kalobeyei Model: Towards Self- Sterck, Olivier (with Cory Rodgers, Jade Siu, Peacebuilding and Resolving Displacement, Reliance for Refugees?, Refugee Studies Centre, Maria Stierna and Alexander Betts (2020) issue of FMR, authors explore various It is anticipated that each of these will include a critical Georgetown University Press University of Oxford Cash Transfer Models and Debt in the Kalobeyei obstacles to achieving sustainable return, discuss commentary on the current state of the literature on the Settlement, Refugee Studies Centre, University the need to guard against premature or forced return, relevant topic as well as a forward-looking reflection on the Landau, Loren (with Caroline Wanjiku Kihato) Betts, Alexander (with Raphael Bradenbrink, of Oxford and debate the assumptions and perceptions that influence future development of the field, including analytical questions (2020) ‘The informalisation of migration Jonathan Greenland, Naohiko Omata, and Olivier policy and practice. This issue also includes a mini-feature on that should be addressed in the coming years. governance across Africa’s urban archipelagos’. In Sterck) (2019) Nolosha Dhaqaale ee Qaxootiga UNDP and OPHI (2020) Global Multidimensional ‘Towards understanding and addressing the root causes of Tanja Bastia and Ronald Skeldon (eds) Routledge ku Nool Dollo Ado [Somali translation of Refugee Poverty index 2020 – Charting Pathways out of displacement’. Find out more at www.tandfonline.com/cods Handbook on Migration & Development, Economies in Dollo Ado], Refugee Studies Centre, Multidimensional Poverty: Achieving the SDGs. Routledge University of Oxford UNDP and OPHI 32 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2017 PEOPLE 33

Loren Landau joined us as Professor refugee regime more of Migration and GIL LOESCHER 1945-2020 PEOPLE effective in protecting, Development from Earlier this year, the Refugee Studies assisting, and providing the African Centre for Centre and ODID lost a brilliant, kind, and solutions to refugees. Migration & Society inspiring colleague. Professor Gil Loescher And within this, a major at the University of dedicated his life to studying and teaching focus was on highlighting the Witwatersrand, at the intersection of Refugee Studies and the agency and autonomy of international Johannesburg, where he was the founding International Relations. He used his research organisations like UNHCR – and its staff – to director. Professor Landau’s interdisciplinary to shape refugee policy and practice make a real and tangible difference in practice. scholarship explores mobility, multi-scale around the world, informing the work of governance, and the transformation of socio- organisations such as UNHCR and the US Gil suffered life-changing injuries in political communities across the global South. State Department, as well as working directly the August 2003 bombing of the UN Along with continued work on xenophobia, with refugees and displaced people in Africa, compound in Baghdad, while advising on inclusion, and representation, he currently Asia, and the Americas. the humanitarian response for displaced oversees a multi-year initiative exploring mobility, Iraqis. Following his injuries, Gil inspired temporality, and urban politics in Ghana, Kenya, Born in San Francisco, Gil went to St many with his rapid return to work, and his and South Africa. To help realign the politics of Mary’s College of California on a basketball research engaged even more directly with knowledge production on human mobility, he scholarship, before training as an international the refugee communities he served. Despite spearheads multiple initiatives supporting critical historian and political scientist at the LSE. Gil the practical challenges, he embraced migration and urban studies across sub-Saharan then spent 25 years as a professor at Notre fieldwork, connecting with disabled refugees Africa, including the Academy for African Urban Dame, before relocating to the UK and taking in the Burmese border camps in Thailand, Diversity and the African Research University up a position at Chatham House, the Royal for example. And this shift in focus was Alliance’s programme on ‘emerging urban Institute of International Affairs, in the early underscored by his work on protracted subjectivities’ supporting doctoral students 2000s. He had a longstanding relationship refugee situations, which had a notable in Nairobi, Cape Town, Harare, Accra, and with the Refugee Studies Centre following its difference in shaping policy debates on Johannesburg. establishment in the early 1980s, consistently alternatives to encampment. pushing for Refugee Studies to engage more Andy McKay joined effectively with politics and history, visiting Gil was an inspiring teacher. He delivered his us as Director of Young to teach and engage on numerous occasions. course on ‘UNHCR in World Politics’ to more Lives. Professor McKay For most of the last two decades, we have than a dozen cohorts of MSc students. It was was formerly Professor been privileged to have Gil as a permanent interactive and applied, taking concepts from of Development presence at the RSC, most notably holding the international relations and grounding them in Economics at the title of Visiting Professor – one that massively practice. Each year, students would have the University of Sussex. understated his contribution to the Centre. opportunity to write and present a policy brief Most recently, on how to address a particular protracted his research has focused on labour issues in Gil’s intellectual contribution to Refugee refugee situation. He would encourage developing countries, in particular on gender Studies is immense. He is, without doubt, innovative thinking, and students would delve and young people. He also works on poverty/ the single most important academic to deeply into ways to overcome encampment inequality and how these are impacted by policy; work on the international relations of forced in situations from Dadaab to Cox’s Bazar. He informality; health issues; and on international migration. His approach can be characterised was still teaching earlier this year. trade. He brings extensive experience of giving as drawing upon historical research to inform policy advice to bilateral donors, international and engage with contemporary practice. organisations, and governments of developing As a colleague at the RSC, Gil was unfailingly He undertook pioneering archival research countries and was also an associate director kind and generous. He would always make on the history of US refugee policy and on of the DFID-funded Chronic Poverty Research time for students and faculty who sought the history of UNHCR. His rigorous historical Centre from 2005–11. his advice, graciously volunteer his time for engagement enabled him to authoritatively meetings and to assess the work of masters’ identify recurring patterns and easily identify and doctoral students, and try to contribute Maxim Bolt joined us past precedent, in ways that were prescient wherever he could make a difference. His as Associate Professor to policy-makers. And his writing is a rare nearly two decades of contribution to the RSC of Development Studies balance of rigour, accessibility, and empathy. were largely unpaid, and yet he contributed as from the University though he were permanent faculty. of Birmingham. Throughout Gil’s scholarship are a series of Professor Bolt is an common themes. Perhaps most importantly anthropologist working Gil’s legacy to the RSC is not only a seminal he recognised that refugee protection is largely on questions of contribution to Refugee and Forced Migration inherently political, and needs to be seen economy in southern Africa – particularly labour, Studies, but as a shining beacon of inspiration As of 31 July 2020, the department The diversity of our academic Professor of Development Studies, as such, a perspective that paved the way migration, borders, the social dynamics of money, for how to be an academic who can make had 121 staff members, including and research staff reflects our Maxim Bolt to the department, for a generation of political scientists and and property inheritance. His first major project a real difference to people’s lives, whether core academic teaching staff, commitment to international as well as a new Director for our international relations scholars to work on investigated South Africa’s border with Zimbabwe, refugees, students, or colleagues. We will refugee issues. Throughout his writing can be research officers and assistants development objectives, with 50% Young Lives study, Andy McKay. its large-scale commercial agriculture, its black miss him greatly, but we will not forget his found a preoccupation with the injustice of in our research programmes, and women and a majority of non-UK We were also saddened by the workforces and white landowners, and the effects legacy, as a scholar or as a human being. refugee camps, the futility of building walls communications and support origin. This year we were delighted death of Gil Loescher, a long-time of concentrated formal employment in a context to contain refugees, and the importance of staff. Of our teaching staff, 12 are to welcome a new Professor of Visiting Professor at the Refugee of crisis, upheaval and displacement. He now refugee resettlement. His overarching goal was Alexander Betts, Leopold Muller Professor researches property inheritance, the state and Professors, 13 Associate Professors, Migration and Development, Studies Centre. Read about his life to find practical ways to make the international of Forced Migration and International Affairs and 10 Departmental Lecturers. Loren Landau, and a new Associate and work overleaf. class reproduction in Johannesburg, South Africa. 34 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT | ANNUAL REPORT 2020 PEOPLE 35

ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH STAFF The New Generation Thinkers scheme offers a The award was made during the AAAE’s 6th HONOURS, AWARDS chance for early career researchers, with support conference held in Abuja, Nigeria. Professor EARLY CAREER Christopher Adam John Gledhill AND PRIZES and training provided by AHRC and the BBC, to Doss also gave the Memorial Address at the RESEARCHERS Professor of Development Economics Associate Professor of Global Governance cultivate the skills to communicate their research conference, on ‘Understanding rural household Jocelyn Alexander Marie Godin The University of Oxford was awarded findings to those outside the academic community, behaviour: Insights from an emerging literature’. We are delighted that a number of Professor of Commonwealth Studies British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow The Queen’s Anniversary Prize for research helping the next generation of researchers find our Early Career Researchers have Ali Ali** carried out by the Oxford Poverty and Douglas Gollin new and wider audiences for their research by Professor Doss is a development economist gone on to secure academic and Departmental Lecturer in Forced Migration Professor of Development Economics Human Development Initiative in a giving them a platform to share their ideas. whose research focuses on issues related research positions after leaving us: ceremony hosted by The Prince of Wales Manhal Ali** Geoff Goodwin to assets, agriculture, and gender with a Research Officer: Productivity and Development, The Departmental Lecturer in Development Studies and The Duchess of Cornwall at Buckingham The successful ten were selected from hundreds of regional focus on sub-Saharan Africa. Readymade Garment Productivity Project • Ali Ali, Departmental Lecturer Nandini Gooptu Palace. applications from researchers at the start of their in Forced Migration, is now a Sabina Alkire Associate Professor of South Asian Studies careers. Previous New Generation Thinkers have Director, OPHI, and Associate Professor The award recognised the work of OPHI gone on to become prominent public figures in their Postdoctoral Researcher at the Dan Hodgkinson Ruben Andersson Departmental Lecturer in African History and on the measurement and understanding of field as well as the face of major documentaries, TV Institute of Global Affairs, LSE Xiaolan Fu, Professor Associate Professor of Migration and Development Politics global poverty and the contribution of its series, and regular figures in public debate. of Technology and • Manhal Ali, Research Officer applied research to improving policymaking Masooda Bano Jessie Barton Hronesova* International Development, on the Readymade Garment Professor of Development Studies in poverty reduction by governments and ESRC Postdoctoral Research Fellow Professor Scott-Smith specialises in the ethno- was appointed to the 2019 Productivity Project, is now international agencies. Alexander Betts graphic and historical study of humanitarian relief. Newton Prize committee. Anne Irfan* a Research Fellow at the Professor of Forced Migration and International Affairs Departmental Lecturer in Forced Migration University of Leeds Business The Boris Mints Institute of Tel Aviv Corneliu Bjola The £1 million Newton Prize recognises excellent David Jackman* School Associate Professor of Diplomatic Studies Departmental Lecturer in Development Studies University also awarded its 2020 prize science, research and innovation in support of • Bilal Malaeb, Research Officer, Maxim Bolt* to Sabina Alkire, OPHI Director, for her Alexander Betts, Leopold economic development and social welfare in the Ross Jennings* OPHI, is now a Postdoctoral Associate Professor of Development Studies work on poverty. The 2020 BMI Prize was Muller Professor of Forced Newton Fund’s 17 partner countries. Research Officer, OPHI awarded to Dr Alkire ‘for her extensive Migration and International Research Officer at the Institute Sophie Boote** Usha Kanagaratnam research and substantial public action in the Research Assistant Affairs, was conferred It celebrates the best partnerships between of Global Affairs, LSE Research Officer, OPHI field of poverty and inequality’. the award of Fellow of the the UK and Newton countries, encouraging • Kate Pincock, Research Officer, Raphael Bradenbrink* Jonas Kaufmann* Academy of Social Sciences The Global Governed, RSC, is Research Assistant, Refugee Economies Research Assistant, Refugee Economies Programme, international collaboration to address global Programme, RSC (FAcSS). challenges. For the 2019 Newton Prize, the now a Qualitative Researcher RSC Catherine Briddick countries were China, Indonesia, and the Margaryta Klymak at the Overseas Development Martin James Departmental Lecturer in Gender and Cathryn Costello Fellows of the Academy of Social Sciences Departmental Lecturer in Development Economics Philippines. Institute Migration was awarded the are elected on the basis of their outstanding Emre Eren Korkmaz** • Anne-Line Rodriguez, Early Jennier Cassidy** title of Professor contributions to research and to the application Departmental Lecturer in Migration and Development Professor Fu is one of ten members of Departmental Lecturer in Global Governance in the University’s of social science to policy, education, society, and Career Fellow in Refugee and the committee, which reviews shortlisted Elvis Korku Avenyo* Forced Migration Studies, is now Mihika Chatterjee* annual Recognition the economy. applications and makes the final decision on Research Officer, TMCD Departmental Lecturer in Development Studies of Distinction exercise. winners. Leverhulme Early Career Fellow Pramila Krishnan She is now Professor of Refugee and at the School of Politics and Simukai Chigudu The Academy’s Fellowship is made up of Professor of Development Economics Migration Law. Professor Costello’s research distinguished individuals from academic, public, International Relations, Queen Associate Professor of African Politics Loren Landau* is concerned with international refugee and private sectors, across the full breadth of the Cathryn Costello Mary University of London Professor of Migration and Development and migration law, and she currently leads Professor of Refugee and Migration Law social sciences. This year the Academy welcomed Ivan Manokha, • Jack Rossiter, Education an interdisciplinary team at ODID working 51 new Fellows. Shaomeng Li Departmental Lecturer Research Officer, Young Lives, is Gina Crivello on refugee recognition and the global Researcher and Project Coordinator, TMCD in International Political Senior Research Officer, Young Lives governance of refugee mobility. now a Senior Policy Analyst at the Professor Betts was also named a University Economy, won a Divisional Noele Crossley** Adeel Malik Center for Global Development Globe Fellow in the Economies of Muslim Societies and Public Engagement with Research (PER) Leader Teaching Excellence Award Departmental Lecturer in Global Governance • Evangelia (Lilian) Tsourdi, Associate Professor Professor Costello was also granted special for 2019–20. for his teaching on the MSc in Antonio Delius* leave from the Refugee Studies Centre to Global Governance and Diplomacy. Departmental Lecturer in Research Assistant, RSC Ivan Manokha take up the newly created post of Professor International Human Rights and Departmental Lecturer in International Political Economy The PER Leadership scheme enables academics Dilar Dirik* of Fundamental Rights at the Hertie School to take on a leadership role in a culture change The awarding committee were impressed Refugee Law, is now Assistant Joyce Pearce Junior Research Fellow, RSC Lydia Marshall of Governance in Berlin from September project for their departments and faculties to Senior Education Researcher, Young Lives in particular by the overwhelmingly positive Professor of European Union Law Jakob Tonda Dirksen* 2020. She will also co-direct Hertie’s new enhance support for PER. feedback received from students in relation at Maastricht University Research Assistant, OPHI Andy McKay* Centre of Fundamental Rights with Professor to Dr Manokha’s two option courses in • Robin Vandevoordt, Early Director, Young Lives Basak Çali. Cheryl Doss ‘Global Political Economy’ and ‘Surveillance Career Fellow in Refugee and Senior Departmental Lecturer in Development Muhammad Meki* Lecturer in Islamic Finance, Oxford Centre for Islamic and Human Rights in the Digital Age’, and Forced Migration Studies, is now Economics and Associate Professor Cheryl Doss, Senior the foundation course in the MSc in Global Studies Assistant Professor in Migration Evan Easton-Calabria Departmental Lecturer and Governance and Diplomacy, saying the Senior Research Officer, RSC Helena Mika* Tom Scott-Smith, Associate Professor, was feedback ‘showed a clear ability to engage and Refugee Studies at Ghent Research Assistant, Gender and Rural Transformation University Marta Favara Associate Professor of named an Honorary Fellow students with the material at hand’. Deputy Director, Young Lives at Work, and Senior Maria Molina* Refugee Studies and of the African Association of • Tom Western, Early Career Research Officer, Young Lives Quantitative Research Assistant, Young Lives Forced Migration, was Agricultural Economists (AAAE). Fellow in Refugee and Forced The Social Sciences Division runs a teaching Jörg Friedrichs Rhiannon Moore one of ten researchers to excellence recognition scheme each year. The Migration Studies, is now a Marie Associate Professor of Politics Education Research Officer, Young Lives be selected from across the UK as 2020 The AAAE is a nonprofit association, serving the scheme formally recognises the outstanding Curie Fellow in the Faculty of Xiaolan Fu Hector Moreno* ‘New Generation Thinkers’ by BBC Radio professional interests of its members, working contribution to teaching and learning and the Humanities at the University of Professor of Technology and International Development Research Officer, OPHI 3 and the Arts and Humanities Research in agricultural and broadly related fields of academic development of students shown Oslo Council (AHRC). development economics. by colleagues across the Division. Matthew J Gibney Caroline Nalule Elizabeth Colson Professor of Politics and Forced Research Officer, Refugees are Migrants: Refugee Migration and Director, RSC Mobility, Recognition and Rights, RSC 36 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT | ANNUAL REPORT 2020 PEOPLE 37

Ricardo Nogales Carvajal Diego Sánchez-Ancochea Evangelia (Lilian) Tsourdi** Research Officer, OPHI Professor of the Political Economy of Development and Departmental Lecturer in International Human Rights OXFORD ASSOCIATES Head of Department and Refugee Law Christian Oldiges VISITORS Research Officer, OPHI Sophie Scharlin-Pettee Robin Vandevoordt** Our Oxford Associates are colleagues with • Andrew Hurrell MPI Data Analyst and Supervisor, OPHI Early Career Fellow in Refugee and Forced Migration Naohiko Omata Studies, RSC ODID welcomes scholars from Oxford University academic appointments Department of Politics and International Senior Research Officer (Social Sciences), Refugee Douglas Scott* abroad or from elsewhere in the or similar positions in colleges who work Relations Economies Programme, RSC Quantitative Research Officer, Young Lives Ferrán Vega Research Analyst UK who wish to pursue research at on development and have research and/or • David Johnson Rachel Outhred Tom Scott-Smith Oxford in the area of development teaching links with ODID: Department of Education Senior Education Researcher, Young Lives Associate Professor of Refugee Studies and Forced Susanne Verheul Migration Leverhulme Early Career Fellow studies. Visiting scholars work • Neil MacFarlane Derya Özkul Research Officer, Refugees are Migrants: Refugee Angela Sherwood* Tom Western** on their own projects while at • Christopher Allsopp Department of Politics and International Mobility, Recognition and Rights, RSC Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Refugees are Migrants: Early Career Fellow in Refugee and Forced Migration Oxford and have the opportunity New College Relations Refugee Mobility, Recognition and Rights, RSC Studies, RSC Robtel Neajai Pailey to attend and participate in a wide • Sudhir Anand • David Mills Leverhulme Early Career Fellow Jade Siu* Christopher Woodruff variety of lectures and seminars St Catherine’s College Department of Education Research Assistant, Refugee Economies Programme, RSC Professor of Development Economics Natalie Quinn across the University. Their • Ray Fitzpatrick • Rana Mitter Senior Research Officer, OPHI Olivier Sterck Salman Younas** research will fall broadly within Nuffield Department of Population Faculty of History Senior Research Fellow and Lecturer, RSC Islamic History Research Officer, CSIA Laura Rival the research categories covered Health • Rachel Murphy Associate Professor of Anthropology and Development Maria Stierna Daria Zelenova* by the department; our research • David Gellner Oxford School of Global and Area Studies Research Assistant, RSC Research Officer, Global Soldiers in the Cold War: Cory Rodgers* Making Southern Africa’s Liberation Armies groups encourage affiliations with Institute of Social and Cultural • David Pratten Pedro Arupe Research Fellow in Forced Migration Nikita Sud Studies, RSC Associate Professor of Development Studies academics working in their particular Anthropology African Studies Centre fields. The following academics and • Ian Goldin • Isabel Ruiz SUPPORT STAFF students visited the department in Oxford Martin School Harris Manchester College 2019/20: • Roger Goodman • Mari Sako Isabelle Aires** Hannah Greiving* Emeline Marcelin Project Coordinator, Refugee Economies Programme, Postgraduate Course Coordinator, MPhil in Development Administrative Assistant, OPHI St Antony’s College Said Business School RSC Studies Laurence Medley • Eric Burton, Germany (ODID) • Sarah Harper • Stanley Ulijaszek Jane Ashford Wendy Grist Accounts Officer, RSC • Yexin Zhou, China (OPHI) Oxford Institute of Population Ageing Institute of Social and Cultural HR Assistant Finance Officer Hamayun Minhas • Victoria Baines, UK (ODID) • Pegram Harrison Anthropology Dominique Attala Cristina Hernandez ICT Officer • Augustino Ting Mayai, USA/ Said Business School • Nicholas Van Hear Finance and Contracts Administrator, OPHI Graduate Student Administrator Corinne Mitchell South Sudan (ODID) • Mark Harrison Centre on Migration, Policy and Society Madison Bakwell* Victoria Hudson Policy and Research Manager, OPHI • Huiling Liu, China (TMCD) Wellcome Unit for the History of • Laurence Whitehead Deputy Administrator Programme Officer, Refugee Economies Programme, RSC Nora Novak • Daniel Howden, UK (RSC) Medicine Nuffield College Eliya Beachy Josie Inaldo Postgraduate Course Coordinator, MSc in Global • Jeffrey Pagel, USA (OPHI) • Elisabeth Hsu • Ngaire Woods Events and Administrative Assistant, RSC Executive Assistant to the Head of Department and Governance and Diplomacy Head of Administration and Finance • Antônio Claret Souza Filho, Institute of Social and Cultural Blavatnik School of Government Freya Paulucci Couldrick Graham Bray Brazil (OPHI) Anthropology • Biao Xiang Hui Jiao-Rashbrook Administrator and Events Coordinator, OPHI Head of Administration and Finance Project Administrator, Valuation of Early Stage • Masood Sarwar Awan, Pakistan Centre on Migration, Policy and Society Susanna Power** Sue Chen Technology in the ICT Industry Project and The Digital (ODID) Events and International Summer School Coordinator Accounts Assistant Technology-based New Business Model for Inclusive • Zhiyuan Yang, China (TMCD) Development Project Penny Rogers • Daniel Díaz Fuentes, Spain Philip Dines* Receptionist Programme Officer, RSC Gary Jones (ODID) Caretaker Emma Rundall Humaira Erfan-Ahmed • Kate Ogg, Australia (RSC) Arne Kuehl* Research and Grants Manager Postgraduate Course Coordinator, MSc in Migration • Kasper Brandt, Denmark (ODID) Finance Manager Nicola Shepard Studies • Nathan Einbinder, USA (ODID) Marina Kujic Postgraduate Course Coordinator, MSc in Economics for James Evans Administrative Secretary Development • Asresahegn Birhanu Gelaw, Apprentice IT Support Assistant Ethiopia (RSC) Annelies Lawson* Andrea Smith Charlie Garner* Events and International Summer School Officer, RSC Postgraduate Course Coordinator, MSc in Refugee and • Helidah Reflioe Atieno Ogude, Research and Grants Officer Forced Migration Studies South Africa (RSC) Felicity Leary Anne-Charlotte Gimenez Centre Manager, RSC Bryony Varnam • Muhammad Zubair Abbasi, Part-time Programme and Finance Administrator, Project Administrator, Refugees are Migrants: Refugee Young Lives Mobility, Recognition and Rights, RSC Pakistan (ODID) • Saija Niemi, Finland (RSC) COMMUNICATIONS, PUBLICITY, AND OUTREACH STAFF • Matthew Porges, Germany (RSC) • Albert Rodríguez-Sala, Spain Lur Alghurabi Maya Evans Gráinne Lucey* Communications and Administrative Assistant Research and Communications Officer, OPHI Assistant to the Editors, Oxford Development Studies (ODID) • Didem Dogar, Turkey (RSC) Jo Boyce Heidi Fletcher Jenny Peebles Communications & Alumni Relations Officer Web Manager, OPHI Forced Migration Review Co-Editor, RSC • Svenja Flechtner, Germany (ODID) Maureen Schoenfeld Marion Couldrey Katherine Ford • Joerg Mayer, Germany (TMCD) Forced Migration Review Co-Editor, RSC Policy Officer, Young Lives Forced Migration Review Promotion & Finance Assistant, RSC • Natalia Grincheva, Russia (ODID) Emily Cracknell* Aparna John* • Emre Eren Korkmaz,Turkey Communications Officer, Young Lives Outreach Programme Manager, OPHI Julia Tilford Communications Manager, Young Lives (ODID) Sharon Ellis Tamsin Kelk

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Cover photo: © Young Lives / Mulugeta Gebrekidan Above picture: The original architect’s drawing for the house at 3 Mansfield Road.Credit: The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford. Ref: GE 17D