Tweed Shire Council

Tweed Shire 2011 Census results

Comparison year: 2006 Benchmark area: Regional NSW

community profile

Compiled and presented in profile.id®. http://profile.id.com.au/tweed Table of contents

Estimated Resident Population (ERP) 2 Population highlights 4 About the areas 7 Five year age groups 10 Ancestry 13 Birthplace 16 Year of arrival in Australia 18 Proficiency in English 20 Language spoken at home 23 Religion 26 Qualifications 28 Highest level of schooling 30 Education institution attending 33 Need for assistance 36 Employment status 39 Industry sectors of employment 42 Occupations of employment 45 Method of travel to work 48 Volunteer work 50 Unpaid care 52 Individual income 54 Household income 56 Households summary 58 Household size 61 Dwelling type 64 Number of bedrooms per dwelling 66 Internet connection 68 Number of cars per household 70 Housing tenure 72 Housing loan repayments 74 Housing rental payments 76 SEIFA - disadvantage 80 About the community profile 81 Estimated Resident Population (ERP) The Estimated Resident Population is the OFFICIAL Tweed Shire population for 2012. Populations are counted and estimated in various ways. The most comprehensive population count available in Australia is derived from the Census of Population and Housing conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics every five years. However the Census count is NOT the official population of Tweed Shire. To provide a more accurate population figure which is updated more frequently than every five years, the Australian Bureau of Statistics also produces "Estimated Resident Population" (ERP) numbers for Tweed Shire. See data notes for a detailed explanation of different population types, how they are calculated and when to use each one.

Estimated Resident Population (ERP)

Tweed Shire

Change in Change in Year (ending June 30) Number number percent 2001 74,577 -- --

2002 76,366 +1,789 +2.40

2003 78,625 +2,259 +2.96

2004 80,428 +1,803 +2.29

2005 81,549 +1,121 +1.39

2006 83,089 +1,540 +1.89

2007 84,126 +1,037 +1.25

2008 85,965 +1,839 +2.19

2009 87,356 +1,391 +1.62

2010 88,063 +707 +0.81

2011 88,463 +400 +0.45

2012 88,848 +385 +0.44

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Regional Population Growth, Australia (3218.0). Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id The population experts

Page 3 of 83 Estimated Resident Population (ERP)

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Regional Population Growth, Australia (3218.0). Compiled and presented by .id the population experts Annual change in Estimated Resident Population (ERP)

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Regional Population Growth, Australia (3218.0). Compiled and presented by .id the population experts

Page 4 of 83 Population highlights 2011 Tweed Shire Regional NSW New South Wales Australia

Median age 45 41 38 37

Median weekly $961 $1,237 $1,234 household $845 income

27% 32% 31% Couples with children 23%

Older couples 14% without children 12% 9% 9%

Medium and high density 34% Housing 16% 31% 25%

30% 32% 33% Households with a mortgage 26%

$300 Median weekly $295 rent $220 $285

29% 29% Households 27% renting 27%

Non-English 19% 16% speaking 5% 5% backgrounds

3% 4% 4% University attendance 2%

12% 20% 19% Bachelor or Higher degree 11%

Vocational 22% 22% 18% 18%

14% 10% Public transport 2% (to work) 2%

Page 5 of 83 Unemployment 8% 6% 6% 6%

SEIFA index of 969 996 1002 disadvantage 959 2011

Page 6 of 83 About the area Location and boundaries Tweed Shire is located in the north-east corner of New South Wales, about 860 kilometres north of Sydney and around 100 kilometres south of Brisbane. Tweed Shire is bounded by the Queensland border, the Scenic Rim Region and Gold Coast City in the north, the Coral Sea in the east, Byron Shire and Lismore City in the south, and the Kyogle Council area in the west. Name origin Tweed Shire is named after the Tweed River, which is named after the Tweed River which runs along the English and Scottish border.

Important Population Land area Population density Statistics 85,106 130,918 0.65 2011 Usual residents hectares (1,309 persons per hectare Km2)

Tweed Shire

Legend Suburbs Tweed Shire

Page 7 of 83 Settlement history European settlement dates from 1844, with land used mainly for timber-getting and farming. Population was minimal until the 1880s, with growth during the late 1800s. Significant development did not occur until the post-war years, with the population of the Shire increasing from about 19,000 in 1947 to 22,000 in 1961, then to 25,000 in 1971. Rapid growth took place from the 1980s, aided by tourism, with growth particularly in the suburbs along the coast and to the south of Tweed Heads. The population increased from about 40,000 in 1981 to 56,000 in 1991, and then to about 81,000 in 2006. Growth is expected to continue. Land use Land use Tweed Shire encompasses rural areas, national parks, growing residential and rural-residential areas, and some commercial and industrial land use. The urban areas are concentrated in the north-east corner (Tweed Heads), with an inland urban centre at Murwillumbah, and several smaller townships and villages. The Shire encompasses a total land area of about 1,300 square kilometres, including significant areas of coastline, national park, wetland and forest. Rural land is used largely for agriculture, particularly sugar cane growing, beef and dairy farming, and crop farming, with some forestry and tourism. Transport The Shire is served by the Pacific Highway. Major features Major features of the Shire include Border Ranges National Park, Mebbin National Park, Mooball National Park, Mount Jerusalem National Park, Mount Warning National Park, Nightcap National Park, Wollumbin National Park, Mount Warning, Ilnam Estate (winery), Lisnagar Historic Homestead, Madura Tea Estates, Minjungbal Aboriginal Cultural Centre, Tropical Fruit World, Tweed Maritime Museum, Tweed River Regional Art Gallery, Tweed River Regional Museum, World Heritage Rainforest and Information Centre, Tweed Heads CBD, Murwillumbah CBD, North Coast TAFE (Kingscliff and Murwillumbah Campuses), Southern Cross University (Tweed Heads Campuses), Tweed Heads District Hospital, Murwillumbah District Hospital, Tweed Regional Aquatic Centre, Kingscliff Pool, Tweed Indoor Swimming Complex, Chinderah Golf Course, Club Banora Golf Course, Coolangatta & Tweed Heads Golf Club, Murwillumbah Golf Club, Murwillumbah Civic and Cultural Centre, Billinudgel Nature Reserve, Couchy Creek Nature Reserve, Cudgen Nature Reserve, Hattons Bluff Nature Reserve, Limpinwood Nature Reserve, Mount Nullum Nature Reserve, Numinbah Nature Reserve, Stotts Island Nature Reserve, Tweed Estuary Nature Reserve, Ukerebagh Nature Reserve, Wooyung Nature Reserve, Wollumbin State Conservation Area, the Tweed River, Cobaki Broadwater, Terranora Broadwater, Cudgen Lake, Clarrie Hall Dam and various beaches. Indigenous background The original inhabitants of the Tweed area were the Bundjalung Aboriginal people.

Page 8 of 83 Included areas Tweed Shire includes the suburbs, townships and localities of Back Creek, Banora Point, Bilambil, Bilambil Heights, Bogangar, Bray Park, Brays Creek, Bungalora, Burringbar, Byangum, Byrrill Creek, Cabarita Beach, Carool, Casuarina, Cedar Creek, Chillingham, Chinderah, Chowan Creek, Clothiers Creek, Cobaki, Cobaki Lakes, Commissioners Creek, Condong, Crabbes Creek, Crystal Creek, Cudgen, Cudgera Creek, Doon Doon, Dulguigan, Dum Dum, Dunbible, Dungay, Duranbah, Duroby, Eungella, Eviron, Farrants Hill, Fernvale, Fingal Head, Glengarrie, Hastings Point, Hopkins Creek, Kielvale, Kings Forest, Kingscliff, Kunghur, Kunghur Creek, Kynnumboon, Limpinwood, Mebbin, Midginbil, Mooball, Mount Burrell, Mount Warning, Murwillumbah, Nobbys Creek, North Arm, North Tumbulgum, Numinbah, Nunderi, Palmvale, Piggabeen, Pottsville, Pumpenbil, Reserve Creek, Round Mountain, Rowlands Creek, Sleepy Hollow, Smiths Creek, South Murwillumbah, Stokers Siding, Stotts Creek, Tanglewood, Terragon, Terranora, Tomewin, Tumbulgum, Tweed Heads, Tweed Heads South, Tweed Heads West, Tyalgum, Tyalgum Creek, Tygalgah, Uki, Upper Burringbar, Upper Crystal Creek, Upper Duroby, Urliup, Wardrop Valley, Wooyung (part) and Zara.

Page 9 of 83 Five year age groups The Age Structure of Tweed Shire provides key insights into the level of demand for age based services and facilities such as child care. It is also an indicator of Tweed Shire's residential role and function and how it is likely to change in the future. Five year age groups present a classic age profile of the population. Each age group covers exactly five years, which enables direct comparison between each group. To get a more complete picture Tweed Shire's Age Structure should be viewed in conjunction with Household Types and Dwelling Types.

Age structure - Five year age groups

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Five year age groups (years) Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 0 to 4 4,870 5.7 6.3 4,229 5.3 6.1 +641

5 to 9 4,914 5.8 6.3 4,903 6.2 6.8 +11

10 to 14 5,380 6.3 6.7 5,483 6.9 7.3 -103

15 to 19 5,210 6.1 6.6 5,086 6.4 6.9 +124

20 to 24 3,670 4.3 5.6 3,411 4.3 5.5 +259

25 to 29 3,643 4.3 5.2 3,074 3.9 5.0 +569

30 to 34 3,908 4.6 5.2 4,001 5.0 5.8 -93

35 to 39 4,883 5.7 6.1 4,690 5.9 6.5 +193

40 to 44 5,400 6.3 6.5 5,412 6.8 7.1 -12

45 to 49 5,846 6.9 6.9 5,970 7.5 7.4 -124

50 to 54 6,323 7.4 7.2 5,394 6.8 6.9 +929

55 to 59 5,769 6.8 6.7 5,318 6.7 6.7 +451

60 to 64 5,818 6.8 6.5 4,750 6.0 5.6 +1,068

65 to 69 5,049 5.9 5.4 4,456 5.6 4.7 +593

70 to 74 4,353 5.1 4.3 4,328 5.5 3.9 +25

75 to 79 3,953 4.6 3.4 3,973 5.0 3.5 -20

80 to 84 3,215 3.8 2.7 2,861 3.6 2.5 +354

85 and over 2,902 3.4 2.3 1,981 2.5 1.9 +921

Total 85,106 100.0 100.0 79,320 100.0 100.0 +5,786

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 10 of 83 Five year age structure, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2011 (Usual residence data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts. Change in five year age structure, 2006 to 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006 and 2011 (Usual residence data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 11 of 83 Dominant groups Analysis of the five year age groups of Tweed Shire in 2011 compared to Regional NSW shows that there was a lower proportion of people in the younger age groups (under 15) and a higher proportion of people in the older age groups (65+). Overall, 17.8% of the population was aged between 0 and 15, and 22.9% were aged 65 years and over, compared with 19.4% and 18.0% respectively for Regional NSW. The major differences between the age structure of Tweed Shire and Regional NSW were: A larger percentage of persons aged 75 to 79 (4.6% compared to 3.4%) A larger percentage of persons aged 80 to 84 (3.8% compared to 2.7%) A larger percentage of persons aged 85 and over (3.4% compared to 2.3%) A larger percentage of persons aged 70 to 74 (5.1% compared to 4.3%) Emerging groups From 2006 to 2011, Tweed Shire's population increased by 5,786 people (7.3%). This represents an average annual population change of 1.42% per year over the period. The largest changes in age structure in this area between 2006 and 2011 were in the age groups: 60 to 64 (+1,068 persons) 50 to 54 (+929 persons) 85 and over (+921 persons) 0 to 4 (+641 persons)

Page 12 of 83 Ancestry Ancestry defines the cultural association and ethnic background of an individual going back three generations. Ancestry is a good measure of the total size of cultural groups in Tweed Shire regardless of where they were born or what language they speak. Ancestry data, should be combined with data on Birthplace, Language Spoken at Home and Religion for a more complete picture of Tweed Shire's ethnic characteristics.

Ancestry - ranked by size

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Ancestry Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 English 36,238 42.6 40.4 30,718 38.7 36.5 +5,520

Australian 34,135 40.1 43.1 35,556 44.8 47.8 -1,421

Irish 11,120 13.1 11.7 9,214 11.6 10.5 +1,906

Scottish 9,088 10.7 10.0 7,139 9.0 8.6 +1,949

German 3,609 4.2 4.2 3,103 3.9 3.9 +506

Italian 1,804 2.1 2.5 1,525 1.9 2.4 +279

Dutch 1,201 1.4 1.3 1,048 1.3 1.3 +153

New Zealander 917 1.1 0.6 776 1.0 0.6 +141

Chinese 642 0.8 0.8 478 0.6 0.7 +164

Welsh 622 0.7 0.7 537 0.7 0.6 +85

Excludes ancestries with fewer than 20 responses, or less than 0.1% of the total population.

Ancestry - totals

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Ancestry totals Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 Not stated 5,599 6.6 6.7 6,198 7.8 7.2 -599

Total People 85,106 100.0 100.0 79,307 100.0 100.0 +5,799

Total responses 113,569 -- -- 103,222 -- -- +10,347

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 13 of 83 Ancestry, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006 and 2011 (Usual residence data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 14 of 83 Dominant groups Analysis of the ancestry responses of the population in Tweed Shire in 2011 shows that the top five ancestries nominated were: English (36,238 people or 42.6%) Australian (34,135 people or 40.1%) Irish (11,120 people or 13.1%) Scottish (9,088 people or 10.7%) German (3,609 people or 4.2%) In combination these five ancestries account for 94,190 responses in total, or 110.67% of all responses. The major differences between the ancestries of the population in Tweed Shire and Regional NSW were: A larger percentage of people with English ancestry (42.6% compared to 40.4%) A larger percentage of people with Irish ancestry (13.1% compared to 11.7%) A smaller percentage of people with Australian ancestry (40.1% compared to 43.1%) Emerging groups The largest changes in the reported ancestries of the population in this area between 2006 and 2011 were: English (+5,520 persons) Scottish (+1,949 persons) Irish (+1,906 persons) Australian (-1,421 persons)

Page 15 of 83 Birthplace Country of Birth data identifies where people were born and is indicative of the level of cultural diversity in Tweed Shire. The mix of Country of Birth groups is also indicative of historical settlement patterns, as source countries for Australia's immigration program have varied significantly over time. To get a more complete picture of cultural and ethnic characteristics, Tweed Shire's Country of Birth data should be viewed together with Ancestry, Language Spoken at Home and Religion.

Birthplace - ranked by size

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Country of birth Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 United Kingdom 5,441 6.4 3.7 5,202 6.6 3.7 +239

New Zealand 2,510 2.9 1.1 2,100 2.6 1.1 +410

Germany 433 0.5 0.5 426 0.5 0.5 +7

Netherlands 337 0.4 0.3 327 0.4 0.3 +10

United States of America 324 0.4 0.3 258 0.3 0.2 +66

Philippines 300 0.4 0.3 230 0.3 0.2 +70

South Africa 268 0.3 0.3 163 0.2 0.2 +105

India 244 0.3 0.3 193 0.2 0.2 +51

China 224 0.3 0.3 129 0.2 0.2 +95

Italy 198 0.2 0.4 184 0.2 0.4 +14

Excludes countries with fewer than 20 people, or less than 0.1% of the total population.

Birthplace - summary

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Birthplace Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 Total Overseas born 12,783 15.0 10.8 11,285 14.2 10.3 +1,498

Non-English speaking 3,883 4.6 5.2 3,276 4.1 4.9 +607 backgrounds

Main English speaking 8,900 10.5 5.6 8,009 10.1 5.4 +891 countries

Australia 67,470 79.3 83.8 62,563 78.9 83.7 +4,907

Not Stated 4,852 5.7 5.4 5,476 6.9 6.0 -624

Total Population 85,105 100.0 100.0 79,324 100.0 100.0 +5,781

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 16 of 83 Country of birth, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006 and 2011 (Usual residence data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 17 of 83 Dominant groups Analysis of the country of birth of the population in Tweed Shire in 2011 compared to Regional NSW shows that there was a larger proportion of people born overseas, and a larger proportion of people from a non-English speaking background. Overall, 15.0% of the population was born overseas, and 4.6% were from a non-English speaking background, compared with 10.8% and 5.2% respectively for Regional NSW. The largest non-English speaking country of birth in Tweed Shire was Germany, where 0.5% of the population, or 433 people, were born. The major differences between the countries of birth of the population in Tweed Shire and Regional NSW were: A larger percentage of people born in United Kingdom (6.4% compared to 3.7%) A larger percentage of people born in New Zealand (2.9% compared to 1.1%) Emerging groups Between 2006 and 2011, the number of people born overseas increased by 1,498 or 13.3%, and the number of people from a non-English speaking background increased by 607 or 18.5%. The largest changes in birthplace countries of the population in this area between 2006 and 2011 were for those born in: New Zealand (+410 persons) United Kingdom (+239 persons) South Africa (+105 persons) China (+95 persons)

Page 18 of 83 Year of arrival in Australia The Year of Arrival data records when the overseas born population arrived in Australia. The data shows the degree to which areas are 'ports' for new overseas migrants and reveals the role of Tweed Shire in housing the overseas- born. The number of recent arrivals in an area is often determined by housing affordability, employment opportunities and pre-existing communities located in the area. Tweed Shire's Year of Arrival data, when used with Birthplace, Religion and Language Spoken at Home data, is a good indicator of the likely need for services in migrant communities.

Year of arrival in Australia

Tweed Shire 2011

Year of arrival in Australia Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 9 Aug 2011 1,600 12.5 14.3

2001 to 2005 1,036 8.1 7.1

1991 to 2000 (10 year period) 1,458 11.4 9.6

1981 to 1990 (10 year period) 1,580 12.4 11.2

1971 to 1980 (10 year period) 1,789 14.0 14.0

1961 to 1970 (10 year period) 2,465 19.3 19.9

Arrived in 1960 or earlier 2,197 17.2 18.6

Not stated 659 5.2 5.4

Total 12,784 100.0 100.0

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Year of arrival in Australia, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2011 (Usual residence data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 19 of 83 Dominant groups Analysis of the year of arrival for the overseas born population of Tweed Shire in 2011 compared to Regional NSW shows that there was a larger proportion of people who arrived before 2001, and a smaller proportion of recent arrivals (those who arrived between 2006 and 2011). Overall, 74.2% of the overseas born population arrived before 2001, and 12.5% arrived during or after 2006, compared with 73.2% and 14.3% respectively for Regional NSW. The major differences between the year of arrival data of Tweed Shire and Regional NSW were: A larger percentage of arrivals between 1991 and 2000 (11.4% compared to 9.6%) A larger percentage of arrivals between 1981 and 1990 (12.4% compared to 11.2%) A larger percentage of arrivals between 2001 and 2005 (8.1% compared to 7.1%) A smaller percentage of arrivals between 2006 and 9 Aug 2011 (12.5% compared to 14.3%)

Page 20 of 83 Proficiency in English Proficiency in English measures the self-assessed proficiency in spoken English of people who speak a language other than English at home. The data, when viewed with other ethnic and cultural indicators, such as Ancestry, Country of Birth, Language Spoken at Home and Religion, reflects Tweed Shire's ethnic composition and how long the overseas born have been in Australia. This helps service providers determine whether they need to communicate with the local population in languages other than English.

Proficiency in English

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

English proficiency Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 Speaks English only 77,989 91.6 90.4 72,678 91.6 91.0 +5,311

Speaks another language, 2,948 3.5 4.5 2,361 3.0 3.9 +587 and English well or very well

Speaks another language, 351 0.4 0.7 297 0.4 0.7 +54 and English not well or not at all

Not Stated 3,818 4.5 4.4 3,989 5.0 4.4 -171

Total population 85,106 100.0 100.0 79,325 100.0 100.0 +5,781

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Proficiency in English, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2011 (Usual residence data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 21 of 83 Change in proficiency in English, 2006 to 2011

The most significant changes in the proficiency in English of the population in this area between 2006 and 2011 were in those speaking: Speaks English only (+5,311 persons) Speaks another language, and English well or very well (+587 persons) Speaks another language, and English not well or not at all (+54 persons)

Page 22 of 83 Language spoken at home Tweed Shire's language statistics show the proportion of the population who speak a language at home other than English. They indicate how culturally diverse a population is and the degree to which different ethnic groups and nationalities are retaining their language. Tweed Shire's language statistics should be analysed in conjunction with Country of Birth and Proficiency in English to assist in identifying specific cultural and ethnic groups in the area and the services required by the multicultural community.

Language spoken at home - ranked by size

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Language (excludes English) Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 German 308 0.4 0.3 317 0.4 0.3 -9

Italian 241 0.3 0.6 228 0.3 0.6 +13

French 183 0.2 0.1 152 0.2 0.1 +31

Japanese 169 0.2 0.1 131 0.2 0.1 +38

Filipino/Tagalog 167 0.2 0.2 118 0.1 0.1 +49

Spanish 161 0.2 0.2 103 0.1 0.2 +58

Mandarin 159 0.2 0.2 91 0.1 0.2 +68

Punjabi 158 0.2 0.1 157 0.2 0.1 +1

Dutch 131 0.2 0.1 119 0.2 0.1 +12

Cantonese 100 0.1 0.2 113 0.1 0.2 -13

Excludes languages with fewer than 20 people speaking them at home, or less than 0.1% of the total population.

Language - summary

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Language summary Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 Speaks English only 77,991 91.6 90.4 72,680 91.6 91.0 +5,311

Non-English total 3,128 3.7 5.1 2,480 3.1 4.5 +648

Not stated 3,985 4.7 4.5 4,163 5.2 4.5 -178

Total Population 85,104 100.0 100.0 79,323 100.0 100.0 +5,781

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 23 of 83 Language spoken at home, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006 and 2011 (Usual residence data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 24 of 83 Dominant groups Analysis of the language spoken at home by the population of Tweed Shire in 2011 compared to Regional NSW shows that there was a larger proportion of people who spoke English only, and a smaller proportion of those speaking a non-English language (either exclusively, or in addition to English). Overall, 91.6% of the population spoke English only, and 3.7% spoke a non-English language, compared with 90.4% and 5.1% respectively for Regional NSW. The dominant language spoken at home, other than English, in Tweed Shire was German, with 0.4% of the population, or 308 people speaking this language at home. There were no major differences between Tweed Shire and Regional NSW in 2011. Emerging groups Between 2006 and 2011, the number of people who spoke a language other than English at home increased by 648 or 26.1%, and the number of people who spoke English only increased by 5,311 or 7.3%. The largest changes in the spoken languages of the population in Tweed Shire between 2006 and 2011 were for those speaking: Portuguese (+73 persons) Mandarin (+68 persons) Spanish (+58 persons)

Page 25 of 83 Religion Tweed Shire's religion statistics provide an indicator of cultural identity and ethnicity when observed in conjunction with other key variables. Religion data reveal the major concentrations of religions as well as revealing the proportion of people with no religious affiliation. There are a number of reasons for different religious compositions across areas including the country of birth and ethnic background of the population, the age of the population (belief in religion is generally stronger, the older the population) and changes in values and belief systems. Tweed Shire's religion statistics should be analysed in conjunction with other ethnicity statistics such as Country of Birth data and Language Spoken data to assist in identifying specific cultural and ethnic groups.

Religions - ranked by size

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Religion Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 Western (Roman) Catholic 21,033 24.7 26.2 19,615 24.7 26.6 +1,418

Anglican 20,554 24.2 26.6 20,726 26.1 28.2 -172

Presbyterian and Reformed 4,189 4.9 4.2 4,067 5.1 4.6 +122

Uniting Church 3,853 4.5 5.8 4,108 5.2 6.6 -255

Christian,nfd 2,118 2.5 2.0 1,384 1.7 1.4 +734

Buddhism 1,111 1.3 0.8 726 0.9 0.6 +385

Baptist 896 1.1 1.4 857 1.1 1.4 +39

Jehova's Witnesses 753 0.9 0.4 658 0.8 0.4 +95

Pentecostal 705 0.8 0.9 644 0.8 0.9 +61

Seventh Day Adventist 676 0.8 0.5 645 0.8 0.5 +31

Excludes religions with fewer than 20 adherents, or less than 0.1% of the total population.

Religions - summary

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Religion totals Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 Christian total 56,259 66.1 71.0 54,256 68.4 73.9 +2,003

Non Christian total 2,421 2.8 2.1 1,778 2.2 1.5 +643

Non-classifiable religious 922 1.1 0.8 567 0.7 0.6 +355 belief

No religion 18,361 21.6 18.4 13,923 17.6 14.5 +4,438

Not stated 7,142 8.4 7.8 8,801 11.1 9.5 -1,659

Total Population 85,105 100.0 100.0 79,325 100.0 100.0 +5,780

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 26 of 83 Religion, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006 and 2011 (Usual residence data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 27 of 83 Dominant groups Analysis of the religious affiliation of the population of Tweed Shire in 2011 compared to Regional NSW shows that there was a lower proportion of people who professed a religion and a higher proportion who stated they had no religion. Overall, 69.0% of the population nominated a religion, and 21.6% said they had no religion, compared with 73.0% and 18.4% respectively for Regional NSW. The largest single religion in Tweed Shire was Western (Roman) Catholic, with 24.7% of the population or 21,033 people as adherents. The major differences between the religious affiliation for the population of Tweed Shire and Regional NSW were: A smaller percentage who nominated Anglican (24.2% compared to 26.6%) A smaller percentage who nominated Western (Roman) Catholic (24.7% compared to 26.2%) A smaller percentage who nominated Uniting Church (4.5% compared to 5.8%) Emerging groups The largest changes in the religious affiliation of the population in Tweed Shire between 2006 and 2011 were for those who nominated: Western (Roman) Catholic (+1,418 persons) Christian,nfd (+734 persons) Buddhism (+385 persons) Uniting Church (-255 persons)

Page 28 of 83 Qualifications Educational Qualifications relate to education outside of primary and secondary school and are one of the most important indicators of socio-economic status. With other data sources, such as Employment Status, Income and Occupation, Tweed Shire's Educational Qualifications help to evaluate the economic opportunities and socio- economic status of the area and identify skill gaps in the labour market.

Highest qualification achieved

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Qualification level Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 Bachelor or Higher degree 7,725 11.0 12.4 5,414 8.4 10.4 +2,311

Advanced Diploma or 5,172 7.4 7.1 3,944 6.1 6.2 +1,228 Diploma

Vocational 15,185 21.7 22.1 12,826 19.8 20.1 +2,359

No qualification 33,037 47.2 46.8 32,872 50.8 50.3 +165

Not stated 8,827 12.6 11.7 9,649 14.9 13.0 -822

Total persons aged 15+ 69,946 100.0 100.0 64,705 100.0 100.0 +5,241

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Highest qualification achieved, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2011 (Usual residence data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 29 of 83 Change in highest qualification achieved, 2006 to 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006 and 2011 (Usual residence data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts. Dominant groups Analysis of the qualifications of the population in Tweed Shire in 2011 compared to Regional NSW shows that there was a lower proportion of people holding formal qualifications (Bachelor or higher degree; Advanced Diploma or Diploma; or Vocational qualifications), and a similar proportion of people with no formal qualifications. Overall, 40.1% of the population aged 15 and over held educational qualifications, and 47.2% had no qualifications, compared with 41.5% and 46.8% respectively for Regional NSW. The major difference between the qualifications held by the population of Tweed Shire and Regional NSW is: A smaller percentage of persons with Bachelor or Higher degrees (11.0% compared to 12.4%) Emerging groups The largest changes in the qualifications of the population in Tweed Shire between 2006 and 2011 were in those with: Vocational qualifications (+2,359 persons) Bachelor or Higher degrees (+2,311 persons) Advanced Diploma or Diplomas (+1,228 persons) No qualifications (+165 persons)

Page 30 of 83 Highest level of schooling Tweed Shire's school completion data is a useful indicator of socio-economic status. With other indicators, such as Proficiency in English, the data informs planners and decision-makers about people's ability to access services. Combined with Educational Qualifications it also allows assessment of the skill base of the population.

Highest level of secondary schooling completed

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Level of schooling Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 Year 8 or below 4,810 6.9 7.0 5,443 8.4 8.4 -633

Year 9 or equivalent 6,764 9.7 10.4 6,609 10.2 11.0 +155

Year 10 or equivalent 22,268 31.8 32.0 21,441 33.1 33.1 +827

Year 11 or equivalent 5,558 7.9 7.1 4,894 7.6 6.8 +664

Year 12 or equivalent 24,008 34.3 34.5 19,176 29.6 30.8 +4,832

Did not go to school 187 0.3 0.4 196 0.3 0.5 -9

Not stated 6,353 9.1 8.6 6,948 10.7 9.3 -595

Total persons aged 15+ 69,948 100.0 100.0 64,707 100.0 100.0 +5,241

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Highest level of schooling completed, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2011 (Usual residence data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 31 of 83 Change in highest level of schooling completed, 2006 to 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006 and 2011 (Usual residence data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts. Dominant groups Analysis of the highest level of schooling attained by the population in Tweed Shire in 2011 compared to Regional NSW shows that there was a lower proportion of people who had left school at an early level (Year 10 or less) and a similar proportion of people who completed Year 12 or equivalent. Overall, 48.6% of the population left school at Year 10 or below, and 34.3% went on to complete Year 12 or equivalent, compared with 49.7% and 34.5% respectively for Regional NSW. There were no major differences between Tweed Shire and Regional NSW in 2011. Emerging groups The largest changes in the level of schooling attained by the population in Tweed Shire, between 2006 and 2011 were: Year 12 or equivalent (+4,832 persons) Year 10 or equivalent (+827 persons) Year 11 or equivalent (+664 persons) Year 8 or below (-633 persons)

Page 32 of 83 Education institution attending The share of Tweed Shire's population attending educational institutions reflects the age structure of the population, which influences the number of children attending school; proximity to tertiary education, which can mean young adults leaving home to be nearer to educational facilities and; the degree to which people are seeking out educational opportunities in adulthood, especially in their late teens and early twenties. This data is often combined with Age Structure to identify areas with significant university student populations.

Education institute attending

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Type of institute Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 Pre-school 1,265 1.5 1.9 1,173 1.5 1.8 +92

Primary school 6,582 7.7 8.2 6,448 8.1 8.9 +134

Primary - Government 4,401 5.2 5.7 4,498 5.7 6.4 -97

Primary - Catholic 1,404 1.6 1.7 1,246 1.6 1.8 +158

Primary - Independent 777 0.9 0.8 704 0.9 0.7 +73

Secondary school 5,408 6.4 6.7 5,125 6.5 6.9 +283

Secondary - Government 3,526 4.1 4.5 3,341 4.2 4.8 +185

Secondary - Catholic 1,175 1.4 1.4 1,078 1.4 1.4 +97

Secondary - Independent 707 0.8 0.8 706 0.9 0.8 +1

TAFE 1,904 2.2 2.5 1,659 2.1 2.4 +245

University 1,947 2.3 2.9 1,354 1.7 2.5 +593

Other 475 0.6 0.5 353 0.4 0.5 +122

Not attending 61,417 72.2 70.5 56,632 71.4 69.6 +4,785

Not stated 6,106 7.2 6.8 6,576 8.3 7.4 -470

Total 85,104 100.0 100.0 79,320 100.0 100.0 +5,784

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 33 of 83 Education institute attending, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006 and 2011 (Usual residence data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 34 of 83 Dominant groups Analysis of the share of the population attending educational institutions in Tweed Shire in 2011 compared to Regional NSW shows that there was a similar proportion attending primary school, a similar proportion attending secondary school, and a lower proportion engaged in tertiary level education. Overall, 7.7% of the population were attending primary school, 6.4% of the population were attending secondary institutions, and 4.5% were learning at a tertiary level, compared with 8.2%, 6.7% and 5.4% respectively for Regional NSW. The major difference between the share of the population attending learning institutions in Tweed Shire and Regional NSW was: A larger percentage of persons not attending (72.2% compared to 70.5%) Emerging groups From 2006 to 2011, Tweed Shire's population aged 15 years and over increased by 5,784 people (+7.3%). This represents an average annual change of 1.42% per year over the period. The largest changes in the number of people attending education institutions in Tweed Shire, between 2006 and 2011 were in those who nominated: University (+593 persons) Secondary school (+283 persons) TAFE (+245 persons) Secondary - Government (+185 persons)

Page 35 of 83 Need for assistance Tweed Shire's disability statistics relate directly to need for assistance due to a severe or profound disability. The information may be used in the planning of local facilities, services such as day-care and occasional care and in the provision of information and support to carers. Tweed Shire's disability statistics help in understanding the prevalence of people who need support in the community, and along with information on Unpaid Care to a person with a disability, how that support is provided. Please note: A person's reported need for assistance is based on a subjective assessment and should therefore be treated with caution. See the specific data notes for further detail.

Need for assistance with core activities

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Assistance needed by age % of total age % of total age group (years) Number group Regional NSW Number group Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 0 to 4 50 1.0 1.1 38 0.9 1.0 +12

5 to 9 132 2.7 3.0 95 1.9 2.2 +37

10 to 19 290 2.7 2.6 180 1.7 2.0 +110

20 to 59 1,343 3.4 3.2 1,168 3.1 2.9 +175

60 to 64 420 7.2 7.3 356 7.5 6.4 +64

65 to 69 422 8.3 7.7 298 6.7 6.3 +124

70 to 74 452 10.4 9.6 365 8.4 8.9 +87

75 to 79 609 15.4 14.8 537 13.5 14.8 +72

80 to 84 775 24.2 24.7 753 26.3 26.7 +22

85 and over 1,373 47.3 48.3 894 45.1 49.4 +479

Total persons needing 5,866 6.9 5.8 4,684 5.9 5.1 +1,182 assistance

Need for assistance with core activities

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Assistance needed by age group (years) Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 Total persons needing 5,866 6.9 5.8 4,684 5.9 5.1 +1,182 assistance

Total persons not needing 74,796 87.9 89.0 69,989 88.2 89.6 +4,807 assistance

Not stated 4,447 5.2 5.2 4,649 5.9 5.3 -202

Total population 85,109 100.0 100.0 79,322 100.0 100.0 +5,787

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 36 of 83 Need for assistance with core activities, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006 and 2011 (Usual residence data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 37 of 83 Dominant groups Analysis of the need for assistance of persons in Tweed Shire compared to Regional NSW shows that there was a higher proportion of persons who reported needing assistance with core activities. Overall, 6.9% of the population reported needing assistance with core activities, compared with 5.8% for Regional NSW. There were no major differences between Tweed Shire and Regional NSW in 2011. Emerging groups The major differences in the age groups reporting a need for assistance between 2006 and 2011 in Tweed Shire were in the age groups: 85 and over (+479 persons) 20 to 59 (+175 persons) 65 to 69 (+124 persons) 10 to 19 (+110 persons)

Page 38 of 83 Employment status Tweed Shire's employment statistics are an important indicator of socio-economic status. The levels of full or part- time employment, unemployment and labour force participation indicate the strength of the local economy and social characteristics of the population. Employment status is linked to a number of factors including Age Structure, which influences the number of people in the workforce; the economic base and employment opportunities available in the area and; the education and skill base of the population (Occupations, Industries, Qualifications).

Employment status

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Employment status Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 Employed 32,666 91.7 93.9 29,259 92.9 92.9 +3,407

Employed full-time 17,496 49.1 56.7 16,448 52.2 56.5 +1,048

Employed part-time 14,400 40.4 35.0 11,913 37.8 33.8 +2,487

Hours worked not stated 770 2.2 2.1 898 2.9 2.6 -128

Unemployed 2,938 8.3 6.1 2,238 7.1 7.1 +700

Looking for full-time work 1,831 5.1 3.8 1,404 4.5 4.6 +427

Looking for part-time work 1,107 3.1 2.4 834 2.6 2.5 +273

Total Labour Force 35,604 100.0 100.0 31,497 100.0 100.0 +4,107

Labour force status

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Labour force status Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 Total Labour force 35,604 50.9 56.4 31,497 48.7 55.9 +4,107

Not in the labour force 30,238 43.2 38.5 28,940 44.7 38.6 +1,298

Labour force status not stated 4,107 5.9 5.2 4,270 6.6 5.4 -163

Total persons aged 15+ 69,949 100.0 100.0 64,707 100.0 100.0 +5,242

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 39 of 83 Employment status, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006 and 2011 (Usual residence data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 40 of 83 Dominant groups The size of Tweed Shire's labour force in 2011 was 35,604 persons, of which 14,400 were employed part-time and 17,496 were full time workers. Analysis of the employment status (as a percentage of the labour force) in Tweed Shire in 2011 compared to Regional NSW shows that there was a lower proportion in employment, and a higher proportion unemployed. Overall, 91.7% of the labour force was employed (46.7% of the population aged 15+), and 8.3% unemployed (4.2% of the population aged 15+), compared with 93.9% and 6.1% respectively for Regional NSW. The labour force participation rate refers to the proportion of the population over 15 years of age that was employed or actively looking for work. "The labour force is a fundamental input to domestic production. Its size and composition are therefore crucial factors in economic growth. From the viewpoint of social development, earnings from paid work are a major influence on levels of economic well-being." (Australian Social Trends 1995). Analysis of the labour force participation rate of the population in Tweed Shire in 2011 shows that there was a lower proportion in the labour force (50.9%) compared with Regional NSW (56.4%). Emerging groups Between 2006 and 2011, the number of people employed in Tweed Shire showed an increase of 3,407 persons and the number unemployed showed an increase of 700 persons. In the same period, the number of people in the labour force showed an increase of 4,107 persons, or 13.0%.

Page 41 of 83 Industry sectors of employment Tweed Shire’s industry statistics identify the industry sectors in which the residents work (which may be within the residing area or elsewhere). This will be influenced by the skill base and socio-economic status of the residents as well as the industries and employment opportunities present in the region. When viewed in conjunction with Residents Place of Work data and Method of Travel to Work, industry sector statistics provide insights into the relationship between the economic and residential role of the area.

Industry sector of employment

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Industry sector Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 Agriculture, Forestry and 838 2.6 5.8 939 3.2 7.0 -101 Fishing

Mining 202 0.6 2.5 91 0.3 1.7 +111

Manufacturing 1,882 5.8 8.3 1,978 6.8 9.2 -96

Electricity, Gas, Water and 323 1.0 1.5 234 0.8 1.3 +89 Waste Services

Construction 3,686 11.3 7.9 3,568 12.2 7.7 +118

Retail Trade 4,187 12.8 11.4 4,141 14.2 12.3 +46

Wholesale trade 896 2.7 2.8 831 2.8 3.1 +65

Accommodation and Food 3,412 10.4 7.7 2,968 10.1 7.5 +444 Services

Transport, Postal and 1,289 3.9 4.2 1,179 4.0 4.3 +110 Warehousing

Information Media and 312 1.0 1.0 344 1.2 1.2 -32 Telecommunications

Financial and Insurance 605 1.9 2.2 535 1.8 2.3 +70 Services

Rental, Hiring and Real 649 2.0 1.4 688 2.4 1.5 -39 Estate Services

Professional, Scientific and 1,489 4.6 4.6 1,178 4.0 4.4 +311 Technical Services

Administrative and Support 1,170 3.6 2.8 922 3.2 2.5 +248 Services

Public Administration and 1,805 5.5 7.2 1,571 5.4 6.9 +234 Safety

Education and Training 2,612 8.0 8.6 2,095 7.2 8.2 +517

Health Care and Social 4,844 14.8 13.0 3,607 12.3 11.5 +1,237 Assistance

Arts and Recreation Services 517 1.6 1.2 498 1.7 1.2 +19

Other Services 1,158 3.5 3.9 1,109 3.8 3.8 +49

Inadequately described or 792 2.4 2.1 783 2.7 2.3 +9 not stated

Total employed persons 32,668 100.0 100.0 29,259 100.0 100.0 +3,409 aged 15+

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 42 of 83 Industry sector of employment, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2011 (Usual residence data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 43 of 83 Change in industry sector of employment, 2006 to 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006 and 2011 (Usual residence data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 44 of 83 Occupations of employment Tweed Shire's occupation statistics quantify the occupations in which the residents work (which may be within the residing area or elsewhere). This will be influenced by the economic base and employment opportunities available in the area, education levels, and the working and social aspirations of the population. When viewed with other indicators, such as Educational Qualifications and Individual Income, Occupation is a key measure for evaluating Tweed Shire's socio-economic status and skill base.

Occupation of employment

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Occupation Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 Managers 3,671 11.2 13.4 3,386 11.6 14.5 +285

Professionals 5,428 16.6 17.4 4,223 14.4 16.3 +1,205

Technicians and Trades 5,137 15.7 15.2 4,877 16.7 15.4 +260 Workers

Community and Personal 4,044 12.4 10.7 3,236 11.1 9.6 +808 Service Workers

Clerical and Administrative 4,107 12.6 13.0 3,717 12.7 12.9 +390 Workers

Sales Workers 3,841 11.8 9.7 3,530 12.1 10.0 +311

Machinery Operators And 1,977 6.1 7.6 1,819 6.2 7.3 +158 Drivers

Labourers 3,943 12.1 11.3 3,955 13.5 12.3 -12

Inadequately described 517 1.6 1.6 517 1.8 1.6 0

Total employed persons 32,665 100.0 100.0 29,260 100.0 100.0 +3,405 aged 15+

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 45 of 83 Occupation of employment, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006 and 2011 (Usual residence data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 46 of 83 Dominant groups An analysis of the jobs held by the resident population in Tweed Shire in 2011 shows the three most popular occupations were: Professionals (5,428 people or 16.6%) Technicians and Trades Workers (5,137 people or 15.7%) Clerical and Administrative Workers (4,107 people or 12.6%) In combination these three occupations accounted for 14,672 people in total or 44.9% of the employed resident population. In comparison, Regional NSW employed 17.4% in Professionals; 15.2% in Technicians and Trades Workers; and 13.0% in Clerical and Administrative Workers. The major differences between the jobs held by the population of Tweed Shire and Regional NSW were: A larger percentage of persons employed as Sales Workers (11.8% compared to 9.7%) A larger percentage of persons employed as Community and Personal Service Workers (12.4% compared to 10.7%) A smaller percentage of persons employed as Managers (11.2% compared to 13.4%) A smaller percentage of persons employed as Machinery Operators And Drivers (6.1% compared to 7.6%) Emerging groups The number of employed people in Tweed Shire increased by 3,405 between 2006 and 2011. The largest changes in the occupations of residents between 2006 and 2011 in Tweed Shire were for those employed as: Professionals (+1,205 persons) Community and Personal Service Workers (+808 persons) Clerical and Administrative Workers (+390 persons) Sales Workers (+311 persons)

Page 47 of 83 Method of travel to work Tweed Shire's commuting statistics reveal the main modes of transport by which residents get to work. There are a number of reasons why people use different modes of transport to get to work including the availability of affordable and effective public transport options, the number of motor vehicles available within a household, and the distance travelled to work. Commuting data is very useful in transport planning as it informs decision-makers about the availability, effectiveness and utilisation of local transport options, particularly when analysed with Residents Place of Work data and Car Ownership.

Method of travel to work

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Main method of travel Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 Train 126 0.4 0.8 44 0.1 0.8 +82

Bus 346 1.1 0.9 309 1.0 0.9 +37

Tram or Ferry 20 0.1 0.0 7 0.0 0.0 +13

Taxi 26 0.1 0.1 39 0.1 0.2 -13

Car - as driver 21,577 66.0 65.2 18,746 63.7 61.6 +2,831

Car - as passenger 1,693 5.2 5.9 1,853 6.3 6.6 -160

Truck 533 1.6 1.6 621 2.1 2.0 -88

Motorbike 195 0.6 0.7 214 0.7 0.7 -19

Bicycle 273 0.8 0.7 284 1.0 0.8 -11

Walked only 1,076 3.3 4.0 946 3.2 4.7 +130

Other 399 1.2 1.3 308 1.0 1.2 +91

Worked at home 1,876 5.7 5.7 1,650 5.6 6.4 +226

Did not go to work 3,967 12.1 11.4 3,766 12.8 12.2 +201

Not stated 610 1.9 1.6 644 2.2 1.9 -34

Total employed persons 32,717 100.0 100.0 29,431 100.0 100.0 +3,286 aged 15+

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 48 of 83 Method of travel to work, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2011 (Enumerated data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts. Change in method of travel to work, 2006 to 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006 and 2011 (Enumerated data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 49 of 83 Dominant groups In 2011, there were 492 people who caught public transport to work (train, bus, tram or ferry) in Tweed Shire, compared with 23,998 who drove in private vehicles (car – as driver, car – as passenger, motorbike, or truck). Analysis of the method of travel to work of the residents in Tweed Shire in 2011 compared to Regional NSW shows that 1.5% used public transport, while 73.4% used a private vehicle, compared with 1.7% and 73.4% respectively in Regional NSW. There were no major differences between Tweed Shire and Regional NSW in 2011. Emerging groups The number of employed people in Tweed Shire increased by 3,286 between 2006 and 2011. The largest changes in the method of travel to work by resident population in Tweed Shire between 2006 and 2011 were for those nominated: Car - as driver (+2,831 persons) Worked at home (+226 persons) Did not go to work (+201 persons) Car - as passenger (-160 persons)

Page 50 of 83 Volunteer work The voluntary work sector is an important part of Australia's economy. The level of volunteering can indicate the cohesiveness of the community and how readily individuals are able to contribute to that community. Factors impacting on the level of volunteering in Tweed Shire include the Age Structure of the population, the level of Proficiency in English, Income and Education levels.

Voluntary work

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Volunteer status Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 Volunteer 12,612 18.0 20.0 11,487 17.8 10.4 +1,125

Not a volunteer 51,122 73.1 71.8 46,481 71.8 35.1 +4,641

Volunteer work not stated 6,212 8.9 8.2 6,741 10.4 4.4 -529

Total persons aged 15+ 69,946 100.0 100.0 64,709 100.0 100.0 +5,237

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Voluntary work, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2011 (Usual residence data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 51 of 83 Change in voluntary work, 2006 to 2011

Page 52 of 83 Unpaid care The proportion of people providing unpaid care for the aged and disabled in Tweed Shire can be an important indicator of the level of demand for aged care services and facilities by local and state governments. An increasing proportion of carers among the population may indicate inadequate aged care provision, or the need for in-home support, or support for the carers themselves. The level of care provided by individuals is likely to be affected by Household Income, Age Structure and the ethnic makeup of the community (Language Spoken), as well as the sense of community cohesiveness.

Unpaid care

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Assistance to a person with a disability, long term illness or old age Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 Provided unpaid assistance 8,551 12.2 12.5 7,186 11.1 11.5 +1,365

No unpaid assistance 54,847 78.4 78.9 50,220 77.6 79.0 +4,627 provided

Not stated 6,549 9.4 8.6 7,302 11.3 9.5 -753

Total persons aged 15+ 69,947 100.0 100.0 64,708 100.0 100.0 +5,239

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Unpaid care, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2011 (Usual residence data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 53 of 83 Change in unpaid care, 2006 to 2011

Page 54 of 83 Individual income Individual Income statistics are an indicator of socio-economic status. With other data sources, such as Household Income, Educational Qualifications and Occupation, they help tell the story of the economic opportunities and socio- economic status of Tweed Shire. The amount of income an individual receives is linked to a number of factors including employment status, age (as for instance students and retirees often receive a lower income), qualifications and type of employment. The incomes presented on this page are for the latest Census year only. For comparison of incomes over time, go to Individual Income Quartiles.

Weekly individual gross income

Tweed Shire 2011

Weekly income Number % Regional NSW Negative Income/ Nil income 4,368 6.2 6.5

$1-$199 5,130 7.3 7.6

$200-$299 10,289 14.7 13.0

$300-$399 10,132 14.5 12.9

$400-$599 10,600 15.2 13.7

$600-$799 7,681 11.0 10.8

$800-$999 5,088 7.3 7.6

$1000-$1249 4,132 5.9 6.6

$1250-$1499 2,507 3.6 4.3

$1500-$1999 2,755 3.9 5.3

$2000 or more 1,679 2.4 3.9

Not stated 5,585 8.0 7.7

Total persons aged 15+ 69,946 100.0 100.0

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2011 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 55 of 83 Weekly individual gross income, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2011 (Usual residence data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts. Dominant groups Analysis of individual income levels in Tweed Shire in 2011 compared to Regional NSW shows that there was a lower proportion of persons earning a high income (those earning $1,500 per week or more) and a higher proportion of low income persons (those earning less than $400 per week). Overall, 6.3% of the population earned a high income, and 42.8% earned a low income, compared with 9.2% and 40.0% respectively for Regional NSW. The major differences between Tweed Shire's individual incomes and Regional NSW's individual incomes were: A larger percentage of persons who earned $200-$299 (14.7% compared to 13.0%) A larger percentage of persons who earned $300-$399 (14.5% compared to 12.9%) A larger percentage of persons who earned $400-$599 (15.2% compared to 13.7%) A smaller percentage of persons who earned $2000 or more (2.4% compared to 3.9%)

Page 56 of 83 Household income Households form the common 'economic unit' in our society. Tweed Shire's Household Income is one of the most important indicators of socio-economic status. With other data sources, such as Educational Qualifications and Occupation, it helps to reveal the economic opportunities and socio-economic status of Tweed Shire. It is important to note that income data is not necessarily a measure of wealth. For example, if an area has a large number of retirees this will produce a higher proportion of households with low income but the retirees may have large capital wealth. For this reason, household income should be viewed in conjunction with Age and Household Composition. The incomes presented on this page are for the latest Census year only. For comparison of incomes over time, go to Household Income Quartiles.

Weekly household income

Tweed Shire 2011

Weekly income Number % Regional NSW Negative Income/Nil Income 423 1.2 1.2

$1-$199 626 1.8 1.7

$200-$299 1,266 3.6 3.4

$300-$399 3,132 9.0 8.5

$400-$599 5,190 14.9 12.3

$600-$799 4,151 11.9 10.3

$800-$999 3,450 9.9 8.9

$1000-$1249 2,834 8.1 7.9

$1250-$1499 2,425 7.0 6.9

$1500-$1999 3,150 9.0 10.1

$2000-$2499 1,917 5.5 6.6

$2500-$2999 1,253 3.6 5.2

$3000-$3499 655 1.9 3.2

$3500-$3999 249 0.7 1.2

$4000-$4999 170 0.5 0.9

$5000 or more 166 0.5 0.8

Not stated 3,778 10.8 10.8

Total households 34,835 100.0 100.0

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 57 of 83 Weekly household income, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2011 (Enumerated data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts. Dominant groups Analysis of household income levels in Tweed Shire in 2011 compared to Regional NSW shows that there was a smaller proportion of high income households (those earning $2,500 per week or more) and a higher proportion of low income households (those earning less than $600 per week). Overall, 7.2% of the households earned a high income, and 30.5% were low income households, compared with 11.3% and 27.2% respectively for Regional NSW. The major differences between the household incomes of Tweed Shire and Regional NSW were: A larger percentage of households who earned $400-$599 (14.9% compared to 12.3%) A larger percentage of households who earned $600-$799 (11.9% compared to 10.3%) A larger percentage of households who earned $800-$999 (9.9% compared to 8.9%) A smaller percentage of households who earned $2500-$2999 (3.6% compared to 5.2%)

Page 58 of 83 Households summary Tweed Shire's household and family structure is one of the most important demographic indicators. It reveals the area's residential role and function, era of settlement and provides key insights into the level of demand for services and facilities as most are related to age and household types. To continue building the story, Tweed Shire's Household Summary should be viewed in conjunction with Households with Children, Households without Children, Household Size, Age Structure and Dwelling Type.

Household types

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Households by type Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 Couples with children 8,172 22.8 26.7 7,719 23.0 28.2 +453

Couples without children 10,166 28.3 27.7 9,699 28.9 27.4 +467

One parent families 4,193 11.7 11.3 3,859 11.5 11.3 +334

Other families 292 0.8 0.9 247 0.7 0.9 +45

Group household 1,273 3.5 3.0 1,058 3.2 2.9 +215

Lone person 9,567 26.7 25.6 8,540 25.5 24.6 +1,027

Other not classifiable 1,051 2.9 2.8 1,123 3.4 2.9 -72 household

Visitor only households 1,170 3.3 2.0 1,269 3.8 1.8 -99

Total households 35,884 100.0 100.0 33,514 100.0 100.0 +2,370

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Household types, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2011 (Enumerated data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 59 of 83 Change in household types, 2006 to 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006 and 2011 (Enumerated data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts. Dominant groups Analysis of the household/family types in Tweed Shire in 2011 compared to Regional NSW shows that there was a lower proportion of couple families with child(ren) as well as a similar proportion of one-parent families. Overall, 22.8% of total families were couple families with child(ren), and 11.7% were one-parent families, compared with 26.7% and 11.3% respectively for Regional NSW. There were a higher proportion of lone person households and a higher proportion of couples without children. Overall, the proportion of lone person households was 26.7% compared to 25.6% in Regional NSW while the proportion of couples without children was 28.3% compared to 27.7% in Regional NSW. Emerging groups The number of households in Tweed Shire increased by 2,370 between 2006 and 2011. The largest changes in family/household types in Tweed Shire between 2006 and 2011 were: Lone person (+1,027 households) Couples without children (+467 households) Couples with children (+453 households) One parent families (+334 households)

Page 60 of 83 Household size The size of households in general follows the life-cycle of families. Households are usually small at the stage of relationship formation (early marriage), and then increase in size with the advent of children. They later reduce in size again as these children reach adulthood and leave home. Household size can also be influenced by a lack (or abundance) of affordable housing. Overseas migrants and indigenous persons often have a tradition of living with extended family members which significantly affects household size. Household size in Australia has declined since the 1970s but between 2006 and 2011, the average household size remained stable for the nation as a whole. An increasing household size in an area may indicate a lack of affordable housing opportunities for young people, an increase in the birth rate or an increase in family formation in the area. A declining household size may indicate children leaving the area when they leave home, an increase in retirees settling in the area, or an attraction of young singles and couples to the area. For greater insight, Tweed Shire's Household Size data should be viewed in conjunction with Household Summary, Age Structure, Dwelling Type, Household Income and Language Spoken at Home.

Household size

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Number of persons usually resident Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 1 person 9,570 28.4 26.9 8,530 27.4 25.9 +1,040

2 persons 12,978 38.6 36.5 12,156 39.1 36.2 +822

3 persons 4,556 13.5 14.3 4,155 13.4 14.5 +401

4 persons 3,917 11.6 13.3 3,809 12.2 14.0 +108

5 persons 1,820 5.4 6.2 1,704 5.5 6.5 +116

6 or more persons 815 2.4 2.9 766 2.5 2.8 +49

Total classifiable households 33,656 100.0 100.0 31,120 100.0 100.0 +2,536

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 61 of 83 Household size, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006 and 2011 (Enumerated data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 62 of 83 Dominant groups Analysis of the number of persons usually resident in a household in Tweed Shire compared with Regional NSW shows that there were a higher proportion of lone person households, and a lower proportion of larger households (those with 4 persons or more). Overall there were 28.4% of lone person households, and 19.5% of larger households, compared with 26.9% and 22.3% respectively for Regional NSW. The major differences in the household size for Tweed Shire and Regional NSW were: A larger percentage of households with 2 persons usually resident (38.6% compared to 36.5%) A larger percentage of households with 1 person usually resident (28.4% compared to 26.9%) A smaller percentage of households with 4 persons usually resident (11.6% compared to 13.3%) Emerging groups The number of households in Tweed Shire increased by 2,536 between 2006 and 2011. The largest changes in the number of persons usually resident in a household in Tweed Shire between 2006 and 2011 were: 1 person (+1,040 households) 2 persons (+822 households) 3 persons (+401 households) 5 persons (+116 households)

Page 63 of 83 Dwelling type Dwelling Type is an important determinant of Tweed Shire's residential role and function. A greater concentration of higher density dwellings is likely to attract more young adults and smaller households, often renting. Larger, detached or separate dwellings are more likely to attract families and prospective families. The residential built form often reflects market opportunities or planning policy, such as building denser forms of housing around public transport nodes or employment centres. Dwelling Type statistics should be viewed in conjunction with Household size, Household Types, Housing Tenure and Age Structure for a more complete picture of the housing market in Tweed Shire.

Dwelling structure

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Dwelling type Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 Separate house 24,804 61.9 81.5 22,805 62.3 81.7 +1,999

Medium density 11,037 27.5 14.0 9,401 25.7 13.6 +1,636

High density 2,501 6.2 2.2 1,867 5.1 2.1 +634

Caravans, cabin, houseboat 1,529 3.8 1.7 1,919 5.2 1.9 -390

Other 147 0.4 0.5 563 1.5 0.6 -416

Not stated 58 0.1 0.2 46 0.1 0.1 +12

Total Private Dwellings 40,076 100.0 100.0 36,601 100.0 100.0 +3,475

Dwelling type

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Dwelling type Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 Occupied private dwellings 35,882 89.4 86.9 33,517 91.4 87.1 +2,365

Unoccupied private 4,202 10.5 12.8 3,081 8.4 12.5 +1,121 dwellings

Non private dwellings 73 0.2 0.4 72 0.2 0.4 +1

Total Dwellings 40,157 100.0 100.0 36,670 100.0 100.0 +3,487

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 64 of 83 Dwelling structure, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006 and 2011 (Enumerated data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 65 of 83 Dominant groups In 2011, there were 24,804 separate houses in the area, 11,037 medium density dwellings, and 2,501 high density dwellings. In addition, there were 1,529 caravans/cabins/houseboats in the area. Analysis of the types of dwellings in Tweed Shire in 2011 shows that 61.9% of all dwellings were separate houses; 27.5% were medium density dwellings, and 6.2% were high density dwellings, compared with 81.5%, 14.0%, and 2.2% in the Regional NSW respectively. In 2011, a total of 89.4% of the dwellings in Tweed Shire were occupied on Census night, compared to 86.9% in Regional NSW. The proportion of unoccupied dwellings was 10.5%, which is smaller compared to that found in Regional NSW (12.8%). Emerging groups The total number of dwellings in Tweed Shire increased by 3,487 between 2006 and 2011. The largest changes in the type of dwellings found in Tweed Shire between 2006 and 2011 were: Separate house (+1,999 dwellings) Medium density (+1,636 dwellings) High density (+634 dwellings) Other (-416 dwellings)

Page 66 of 83 Number of bedrooms per dwelling The Number of Bedrooms in a dwelling is an indicator of the size of dwellings, and when combined with dwelling type information, provides insight into the role Tweed Shire plays in the housing market. For example, an area of high density dwellings that are predominantly 1-2 bedroom are likely to attract students, single workers and young couples, whereas a high density area with dwellings that are predominantly 2-3 bedroom may attract more empty nesters and some families. In combination with Household type and Household size, the Number of Bedrooms can also indicate issues around housing affordability, overcrowding and other socio-economic factors.

Number of bedrooms per dwelling

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Number of bedrooms Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 0 or 1 bedrooms 2,440 6.8 4.7 2,206 6.6 4.7 +234

2 bedrooms 8,187 22.8 18.1 7,960 23.8 18.5 +227

3 bedrooms 14,846 41.4 43.3 14,121 42.1 44.6 +725

4 bedrooms 6,978 19.4 23.7 6,043 18.0 22.4 +935

5 bedrooms or more 1,487 4.1 5.1 1,147 3.4 4.6 +340

Not stated 1,945 5.4 5.1 2,034 6.1 5.2 -89

Total households 35,883 100.0 100.0 33,511 100.0 100.0 +2,372

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Number of bedrooms per dwelling, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2011 (Enumerated data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 67 of 83 Change in number of bedrooms per dwelling, 2006 to 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006 and 2011 (Enumerated data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts. Dominant groups Analysis of the number of bedrooms in dwellings in Tweed Shire in 2011 compared to Regional NSW shows that there was a higher proportion of dwellings with 1 and 2 bedrooms, and a lower proportion of dwellings with 4 or more bedrooms. Overall, 29.6% of households were in 1-2 bedroom dwellings, and 23.6% of 4-plus bedroom dwellings, compared with 22.8% and 28.8% for Regional NSW respectively. The major differences between the number of bedrooms per dwelling of Tweed Shire and Regional NSW were: A larger percentage of 2 bedroom dwellings (22.8% compared to 18.1%) A larger percentage of dwellings with no bedrooms (includes bedsitters) (6.8% compared to 4.7%) A smaller percentage of 4 bedroom dwellings (19.4% compared to 23.7%) A smaller percentage of 3 bedroom dwellings (41.4% compared to 43.3%) Emerging groups The largest changes in the number of bedrooms per dwelling in Tweed Shire between 2006 and 2011 were: 4 bedrooms (+935 dwellings) 3 bedrooms (+725 dwellings) 5 bedrooms or more (+340 dwellings) 0 or 1 bedrooms (+234 dwellings)

Page 68 of 83 Internet connection A fast Internet Connection is increasingly required for accessing essential information and undertaking domestic and non-domestic business. Households with dial-up or no internet service are being left behind in the digital divide' as both government and the private sector are increasingly conducting their business, or aspects of it, on-line. Internet connectivity in Tweed Shire can be affected by availability of connection, Education, Household Income and Age Structure.

Type of internet connection

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Connection type Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 Total internet connection 24,501 68.3 68.2 16,998 50.7 52.4 +7,503

Broadband connection 21,881 61.0 61.3 9,114 27.2 28.1 +12,767

Dial-up connection 1,335 3.7 3.3 7,718 23.0 23.8 -6,383

Other connection 1,285 3.6 3.6 166 0.5 0.5 +1,119

No internet connection 8,831 24.6 25.1 14,062 42.0 41.3 -5,231

Not stated 2,550 7.1 6.7 2,456 7.3 6.3 +94

Total households 35,882 100.0 100.0 33,516 100.0 100.0 +2,366

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Type of internet connection, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2011 (Enumerated data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 69 of 83 Change in type of internet connection, 2006 to 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006 and 2011 (Enumerated data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts. Dominant groups Analysis of the type of internet connection of households in Tweed Shire compared to Regional NSW shows that there was a similar proportion of households with either no internet connection or a dial up connection, as well as a similar proportion of households with broadband connectivity. Overall 28.3% of households had no internet connection or a dial up connection, and 61.0% had broadband connectivity, compared with 28.4% and 61.3% respectively in Regional NSW. Emerging groups Between 2006 and 2011 the number of households with an internet connection increased by 7,503. The largest changes in the internet connectivity in Tweed Shire, between 2006 and 2011 were: Broadband connection (+12,767 households) Total internet connection (+7,503 households) Dial-up connection (-6,383 households)

Page 70 of 83 Number of cars per household The ability of the population to access services and employment is strongly influenced by access to transport. The number of motor vehicles per household in Tweed Shire quantifies access to private transport and will be influenced by Age Structure and Household Type, which determine the number of adults present; access to Public Transport; distance to shops, services, employment and education; and Household Income. Depending on these factors, car ownership can be seen as a measure of advantage or disadvantage, or a neutral socio-economic measure, which impacts on the environment and quality of life.

Car ownership

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Number of cars Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 No motor vehicles 2,760 7.7 7.6 2,953 8.8 9.0 -193

1 motor vehicle 14,963 41.7 36.0 14,602 43.6 37.3 +361

2 motor vehicles 11,408 31.8 34.4 9,815 29.3 33.3 +1,593

3 or more motor vehicles 4,287 11.9 15.5 3,580 10.7 13.7 +707

Not stated 2,467 6.9 6.5 2,567 7.7 6.8 -100

Total households 35,885 100.0 100.0 33,517 100.0 100.0 +2,368

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Car ownership, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2011 (Enumerated data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 71 of 83 Change in car ownership, 2006 to 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006 and 2011 (Enumerated data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts. Dominant groups Analysis of the car ownership of the households in Tweed Shire in 2011 compared to Regional NSW shows that 85.4% of the households owned at least one car, while 7.7% did not, compared with 86.0% and 7.6% respectively in Regional NSW. Of those that owned at least one vehicle, there was a larger proportion who owned just one car; a smaller proportion who owned two cars; and a smaller proportion who owned three cars or more. Overall, 41.7% of the households owned one car; 31.8% owned two cars; and 11.9% owned three cars or more, compared with 36.0%; 34.4% and 15.5% respectively for Regional NSW. Emerging groups The largest changes in the household car ownership in Tweed Shire between 2006 and 2011 were: 2 motor vehicles (+1,593 households) 3 or more motor vehicles (+707 households) 1 motor vehicle (+361 households) No motor vehicles (-193 households)

Page 72 of 83 Housing tenure Tweed Shire's Housing Tenure data provides insights into its socio-economic status as well as the role it plays in the housing market. For example, a high concentration of private renters may indicate a transient area attractive to young singles and couples, while a concentration of home owners indicates a more settled area with mature families and empty-nester Household Summary. Tenure can also reflect built form (Dwelling Type), with a significantly higher share of renters in high density housing and a substantially larger proportion of home-owners in separate houses, although this is not always the case. In conjunction with other socio-economic status indicators in Tweed Shire, Tenure data is useful for analysing housing markets, housing affordability and identifying public housing areas.

Housing tenure

Tweed Shire 2011 2006 Change

Tenure type Number % Regional NSW Number % Regional NSW 2006 to 2011 Fully owned 14,011 39.0 36.6 14,072 42.0 38.2 -61

Mortgage 9,484 26.4 29.7 8,134 24.3 28.7 +1,350

Renting 9,823 27.4 27.0 8,716 26.0 26.2 +1,107

Renting - Social housing 1,108 3.1 4.8 1,002 3.0 5.0 +106

Renting - Private 8,456 23.6 21.4 7,397 22.1 20.1 +1,059

Renting - Not stated 259 0.7 0.8 317 0.9 1.1 -58

Other tenure type 367 1.0 0.9 284 0.8 1.0 +83

Not stated 2,201 6.1 5.8 2,310 6.9 5.9 -109

Total households 35,886 100.0 100.0 33,516 100.0 100.0 +2,370

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Housing tenure, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2011 (Enumerated data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 73 of 83 Change in housing tenure, 2006 to 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006 and 2011 (Enumerated data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts. Dominant groups Analysis of the housing tenure of the population of Tweed Shire in 2011 compared to Regional NSW shows that there was a larger proportion of households who owned their dwelling; a smaller proportion purchasing their dwelling; and a similar proportion who were renters. Overall, 39.0% of the population owned their dwelling; 26.4% were purchasing, and 27.4% were renting, compared with 36.6%, 29.7% and 27.0% respectively for Regional NSW. Emerging groups The largest changes in housing tenure categories for the households in Tweed Shire between 2006 and 2011 were: Mortgage (+1,350 persons) Renting - Private (+1,059 persons) Renting - Social housing (+106 persons) Other tenure type (+83 persons) The total number of households in Tweed Shire increased by 2,370 between 2006 and 2011.

Page 74 of 83 Housing loan repayments Mortgage repayments are directly related to house prices in Tweed Shire, length of occupancy and the level of equity of home owners. When viewed with Household Income data it may also indicate the level of housing stress households in the community are under. In mortgage belt areas it is expected that households will be paying a higher proportion of their income on their housing compared to well-established areas. First home buyer areas are also likely to have larger mortgages than upgrader areas where households move in with equity from elsewhere. Mortgage payment levels are not directly comparable over time because of inflation. For comparison of mortgage payments over time, go to Housing Loan Quartiles.

Monthly housing loan repayments

Tweed Shire 2011

Monthly repayment amount Number % Regional NSW Nil repayments 291 3.1 2.8

$1-$149 71 0.7 0.7

$150-$299 135 1.4 1.3

$300-$449 256 2.7 2.9

$450-$599 217 2.3 2.7

$600-$799 416 4.4 5.4

$800-$999 543 5.7 7.0

$1000-$1199 587 6.2 7.8

$1200-$1399 722 7.6 9.3

$1400-$1599 584 6.2 7.8

$1600-$1799 718 7.6 8.9

$1800-$1999 581 6.1 6.3

$2000-$2199 943 9.9 9.1

$2200-$2399 457 4.8 4.0

$2400-$2599 333 3.5 2.6

$2600-$2999 835 8.8 6.1

$3000-$3999 796 8.4 6.2

$4000-$4999 240 2.5 2.0

$5000 and over 197 2.1 1.6

Not stated 561 5.9 5.4

Total households with a mortgage 9,483 100.0 100.0

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2011 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 75 of 83 Monthly housing loan repayments, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2011 (Enumerated data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts. Dominant groups Analysis of the monthly housing loan repayments of households in Tweed Shire compared to Regional NSW shows that there was a larger proportion of households paying high mortgage repayments ($2,600 per month or more), and a smaller proportion of households with low mortgage repayments (less than $1000 per month). Overall, 21.8% of households were paying high mortgage repayments, and 20.3% were paying low repayments, compared with 15.9% and 23.0% respectively in Regional NSW. The major differences between the household loan repayments of Tweed Shire and Regional NSW were: A larger percentage of $2600-$2999 (8.8% compared to 6.1%) A larger percentage of $3000-$3999 (8.4% compared to 6.2%) A smaller percentage of $1200-$1399 (7.6% compared to 9.3%) A smaller percentage of $1400-$1599 (6.2% compared to 7.8%)

Page 76 of 83 Housing rental payments Rental payments can be a better measure of the cost of housing in Tweed Shire than mortgage repayments because they are not contingent on length of occupancy or equity in the dwelling. High rental payments may indicate desirable areas with mobile populations who prefer to rent, or a housing shortage, or gentrification. Low rental payments may indicate public housing (check Tenure Type), or areas where low income households move by necessity for a lower cost of living. Rental payments are not directly comparable over time because of inflation. For comparison of rental payments over time, go to Housing Rental Quartiles.

Weekly housing rental payments

Tweed Shire 2011

Weekly rental amount Number % Regional NSW Nil 311 3.2 5.1

$1 - $74 121 1.2 3.2

$75 - $99 371 3.8 5.4

$100 - $124 291 3.0 5.4

$125 - $149 351 3.6 6.3

$150 - $174 441 4.5 8.7

$175 - $199 338 3.4 6.9

$200 - $224 596 6.1 9.4

$225 - $249 372 3.8 5.8

$250 - $274 808 8.2 9.0

$275 - $299 701 7.1 5.7

$300 - $324 1,084 11.0 7.5

$325 - $349 675 6.9 3.4

$350 - $374 1,024 10.4 4.5

$375 - $399 442 4.5 2.2

$400 - $424 529 5.4 2.4

$425 - $449 196 2.0 0.8

$450 - $549 532 5.4 2.5

$550 - $649 146 1.5 0.8

$650 - $749 63 0.6 0.3

$750 - $849 29 0.3 0.2

$850 - $949 6 0.1 0.1

$950+ 53 0.5 0.5

Rent Not stated 339 3.5 3.9

Total households renting 9,819 100.0 100.0

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2011 and 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 77 of 83 Weekly housing rental payments, 2011

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2011 (Enumerated data) Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts. Dominant groups Analysis of the weekly housing rental payments of households in Tweed Shire compared to Regional NSW shows that there was a larger proportion of households paying high rental payments ($400 per week or more), and a smaller proportion of households with low rental payments (less than $150 per week). Overall, 15.8% of households were paying high rental payments, and 14.7% were paying low payments, compared with 7.7% and 25.3% respectively in Regional NSW. The major differences between the housing rental payments of Tweed Shire and Regional NSW were: A larger percentage of $350 - $374 (10.4% compared to 4.5%) A larger percentage of $325 - $349 (6.9% compared to 3.4%) A larger percentage of $400 - $424 (5.4% compared to 2.4%) A larger percentage of $450 - $549 (5.4% compared to 2.5%)

Page 78 of 83 SEIFA - disadvantage Tweed Shire SEIFA Index of Disadvantage measures the relative level of socio-economic disadvantage based on a range of Census characteristics. It is a good place to start to get a general view of the relative level of disadvantage in one area compared to others and is used to advocate for an area based on its level of disadvantage. The index is derived from attributes that reflect disadvantage such as low income, low educational attainment, high unemployment, and jobs in relatively unskilled occupations. When targeting services to disadvantaged communities, it is important to also look at these underlying characteristics as they can differ markedly between areas with similar SEIFA scores and shed light on the type of disadvantage being experienced. A higher score on the index means a lower level of disadvantage. A lower score on the index means a higher level of disadvantage.

SEIFA by Local Government Area SEIFA by small areas

Index of relative socio-economic disadvantage

Local Government Areas in New South Wales

Local Government Area 2011 index Ku-ring-gai (A) 1,120.7

Mosman (A) 1,110.7

Woollahra (A) 1,107.0

Lane Cove (A) 1,106.9

North Sydney (A) 1,104.8

The Hills Shire (A) 1,101.1

Manly (A) 1,099.4

Pittwater (A) 1,094.4

Hunters Hill (A) 1,092.2

Hornsby (A) 1,085.2

Willoughby (C) 1,083.5

Palerang (A) 1,081.7

Waverley (A) 1,079.6

Leichhardt (A) 1,078.9

Warringah (A) 1,077.3

Sutherland Shire (A) 1,074.6

Canada Bay (A) 1,067.0

Yass Valley (A) 1,060.6

Kiama (A) 1,054.6

Ryde (C) 1,050.4

Snowy River (A) 1,050.0

Camden (A) 1,047.1

Queanbeyan (C) 1,045.7

Randwick (C) 1,042.7

Conargo (A) 1,040.1

Blue Mountains (C) 1,038.6

Kogarah (C) 1,036.2

Wollondilly (A) 1,033.6

Wingecarribee (A) 1,023.8

Strathfield (A) 1,022.1

Unincorporated NSW 1,021.8 Page 79 of 83 Index of relative socio-economic disadvantage

Local Government Areas in New South Wales

Local Government Area 2011 index Marrickville (A) 1,021.6

Hawkesbury (C) 1,020.3

Sydney (C) 1,019.9

Ashfield (A) 1,015.4

Singleton (A) 1,013.0

Hurstville (C) 1,006.9

Upper Lachlan Shire (A) 1,006.3

Gosford (C) 1,006.3

Cabonne (A) 1,000.3

Lockhart (A) 999.3

Jerilderie (A) 997.6

Wagga Wagga (C) 997.6

Penrith (C) 996.3

Burwood (A) 996.1

Lake Macquarie (C) 994.8

Newcastle (C) 993.9

Maitland (C) 992.8

Rockdale (C) 991.2

Bathurst Regional (A) 991.0

Cooma-Monaro (A) 990.6

Greater Hume Shire (A) 989.3

Ballina (A) 988.7

Dungog (A) 988.5

Murray (A) 987.7

Armidale Dumaresq (A) 986.9

Uralla (A) 984.7

Parramatta (C) 983.7

Blayney (A) 982.2

Upper Hunter Shire (A) 981.5

Port Stephens (A) 979.9

Wollongong (C) 979.6

Albury (C) 978.6

Dubbo (C) 977.0

Orange (C) 977.0

Byron (A) 976.6

Oberon (A) 975.9

Wakool (A) 975.7

Botany Bay (C) 975.7

Coolamon (A) 975.1

Bland (A) 974.5

Walcha (A) 973.9

Port Macquarie-Hastings (A) 968.9

Carrathool (A) 968.8

Page 80 of 83 Index of relative socio-economic disadvantage

Local Government Areas in New South Wales

Local Government Area 2011 index Bega Valley (A) 968.7

Shellharbour (C) 968.6

Blacktown (C) 968.5

Muswellbrook (A) 968.2

Corowa Shire (A) 967.8

Holroyd (C) 965.6

Boorowa (A) 963.8

Griffith (C) 963.7

Gundagai (A) 961.6

Mid-Western Regional (A) 961.5

Tamworth Regional (A) 959.9

Tweed (A) 958.5

Coffs Harbour (C) 958.4

Wentworth (A) 957.4

Cobar (A) 956.7

Eurobodalla (A) 955.8

Temora (A) 955.6

Shoalhaven (C) 954.6

Leeton (A) 954.5

Tumbarumba (A) 954.3

Berrigan (A) 954.1

Narrabri (A) 953.4

Lismore (C) 952.7

Bombala (A) 952.5

Wyong (A) 951.7

Goulburn Mulwaree (A) 951.4

Tumut Shire (A) 951.3

Gloucester (A) 951.0

Liverpool (C) 951.0

Bellingen (A) 950.1

Young (A) 947.3

Forbes (A) 946.8

Gunnedah (A) 946.7

Balranald (A) 946.2

Bogan (A) 946.1

Weddin (A) 945.0

Campbelltown (C) 944.8

Parkes (A) 943.5

Harden (A) 941.9

Junee (A) 941.7

Deniliquin (A) 941.6

Cootamundra (A) 941.5

Warren (A) 941.2

Page 81 of 83 Index of relative socio-economic disadvantage

Local Government Areas in New South Wales

Local Government Area 2011 index Gwydir (A) 939.9

Lachlan (A) 938.1

Urana (A) 937.1

Cessnock (C) 936.4

Bourke (A) 932.6

Great Lakes (A) 932.3

Bankstown (C) 931.7

Guyra (A) 931.0

Murrumbidgee (A) 928.3

Cowra (A) 928.0

Hay (A) 927.0

Narromine (A) 926.6

Narrandera (A) 925.2

Lithgow (C) 924.2

Canterbury (C) 922.0

Glen Innes Severn (A) 921.8

Inverell (A) 921.4

Liverpool Plains (A) 921.3

Clarence Valley (A) 919.4

Auburn (C) 916.7

Tenterfield (A) 915.4

Moree Plains (A) 915.1

Greater Taree (C) 913.7

Warrumbungle Shire (A) 911.3

Gilgandra (A) 910.6

Kyogle (A) 907.1

Nambucca (A) 900.0

Broken Hill (C) 899.6

Richmond Valley (A) 899.5

Wellington (A) 893.2

Kempsey (A) 879.7

Coonamble (A) 879.6

Walgett (A) 856.2

Fairfield (C) 854.0

Central Darling (A) 824.4

Brewarrina (A) 788.4

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.

Page 82 of 83 About the community profile Demographic change across Australia is recorded by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) in the Census collections every five years. Population experts, .id, analyse and convert these raw figures into stories of place to inform council staff, community groups, investors, business, students and the general public. Tweed Shire Community Profile provides demographic analysis for the Shire and its suburbs based on results from the 2011, 2006, 2001, 1996 and 1991 Censuses of Population and Housing. The profile is updated with population estimates when the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) releases new figures such as the annual Estimated Resident Population (ERP). Suburb boundaries and Census questions change over time, but .id manages the data to ensure that there is an accurate time series provided for the current geographic boundaries. You can read more about this in the Geography Notes section. Results for Tweed Shire include population, age structure, ethnicity, ancestry, religion, income, qualifications, occupations, employment, unemployment, disability, disadvantage, volunteering, childcare, family structure, household structure, housing tenure, mortgage and rental payments, and the size and type of the dwellings people live in. The Community Profile presents this information in clear maps, tables and charts with concise factual commentary to answer three important questions: 1. What are the characteristics of the people who live here? 2. How are they changing? 3. How do they compare to other areas? This provides the basis for making evidence-based decisions about how to provide services for the community as it changes. You can be confident about the quality of the information as it is derived from Australian Bureau of Statistics data, analysed and presented by population experts and funded by Tweed Shire.

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