ISSN 1211-8788 Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 98(1): 99–104, 2013

First record of Xeromphalina cauticinalis (, ) in the Czech Republic

1 2 VLADIMÍR ANTONÍN & JAN BÌŤÁK 1Moravian Museum, Dept. of Botany, Zelný trh 6, CZ-569 37 Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] 2Mášova 21, 602 00 Brno; e-mail: [email protected]

ANTONÍN V. & BÌŤÁK J. 2013: First record of Xeromphalina cauticinalis (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) in the Czech Republic. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 97(1): 99–104. – This paper publishes the first record of Xeromphalina cauticinalis in the Czech Republic. This was found in Podyjí National Park (southern Moravia). A detailed description based on the collected specimens is given, including a photograph and drawings of microscopic characters. Related taxa are discussed. Key words. Moravia, Podyjí National Park, new record.

Introduction The genus Xeromphalina Kühner et Maire includes a small group of fungi with only nine European species (ANTONÍN & NOORDELOOS 2004, ESTEVE-RAVENTÓS et al. 2010). Its taxonomic position is somewhat unclear. MATHENY et al. (2006) placed it in the hygrophoroid clade, whereas MONCALVO et al. (2002) put it in the xeromphalinoid clade, SINGER (1986), KÜHNER (1980) and KIRK et al. (2001) in Tricholomataceae R. Heim ex Pouzar, and REDHEAD (1987) in Xerulaceae Jülich. According to the main databases, Index Fungorum and MycoBank, it belongs in Overeem. Only one Xeromphalina species, the very common X. campanella (Batsch: Fr.) Kühner et Maire, was previously known from the Czech Republic. KLÁN (1984) published two collections of X. cauticinalis from the former Czechoslovakia, but both occurred on the territory of recent Slovakia. Our find, therefore, represents the first record for the Czech Republic.

Material and methods The macroscopic descriptions of specimens collected are based on fresh basidiocarps. The colour abbreviations follow KORNERUP & WANSCHER (1983). The authors of the names of fungi are cited according to the International Plant Names Index website, “authors” (http://www.ipni.org/ipni/authorsearchpage.do). Microscopic features are based upon dried material mounted in H2O, KOH, Melzer’s reagent and Congo Red, examined with an Olympus BX-50 light microscope at a magnification of 1000×. For basidiospores, the factors E (quotient of length and width in any one spore) and Q (mean of E-values) are employed. The collection described in this paper is preserved in the herbarium of the Department of Botany, Moravian Museum, Brno, Czech Republic (BRNM). 99 V. A NTONÍN & J. BÌŤÁK

Fig. 1. Xeromphalina cauticinalis. Basidiocarps (Podyjí National Park, Mašovice, Mloèí údolí Valley, 31 Aug. 2012, BRNM 745968). Photo Jan Bìťák.

Results

Xeromphalina cauticinalis (Fr.) Kühner et Maire Figs 1–2 = Xeromphalina fellea Maire et Malenç. = Xeromphalina amara E. Horak et J. Peter = Xeromphalina fulvobulbillosa (R. E. Fr.) Maire

(For a detailed taxonomic discussion see ANTONÍN & NOORDELOOS 2004: 219–220.) Description. Basidiocarps single or in groups of two to three. Pileus 8–17 mm broad, convex, with ± plane centre in very young specimens, soon depressed, with inflexed then ± straight margin, hygrophanous, not or only slightly translucently striate, entirely (but most distinctly at margin) finely tomentose when young, then glabrescent, almost innately radially fibrillose when older, light brown (6–7D6) at centre, light yellow (3–4A4) towards margin. Lamellae distant, L = 21–23, l = 2–3(4), broadly adnate to shortly decurrent, arcuate, intervenose at base when older, pale yellow (2–3A3), with

100 Acta Musei Moraviae, Sci. biol. (Brno), 98(1), 2013 First record of Xeromphalina cauticinalis in the Czech Republic

(slightly) paler, sometimes almost whitish, finely pubescent edge. Stipe 28–45 × 1–2 mm, cylindrical or slightly laterally compressed, clavate at base, pubescent in upper part, almost pubescent-tomentose in lower part, concolorous with lamellae at apex, via a narrow orange zone dark brown (7–8F6); basal tomentum yellow-brown. Context thin, yellowish in pileus, dark (red-)brown in stipe, without any distinct smell, taste bitter. Basidiospores 4.5–6.0(6.5) × (2.5)2.75–3.25 µm, average 5.2 × 3.0 µm, E = 1.41–2.00, Q = 1.73, (narrowly) ellipsoid, thin-walled, amyloid. Basidia 19–26 × 4.5–6.5 µm, 4-spored, (narrowly) clavate or with slight median constriction. Basidioles 12–23 × 2.5–5.0 µm, narrowly clavate, cylindrical, subfusoid. Cheilocystidia infrequent, 22–30 × 3.5–6.0 µm, ± cylindrical or narrowly fusoid, usually irregular or with apical projections, rarely simple, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia absent. Trama hyphae cylindrical, thin- to slightly thick-walled, smooth or incrusted, up to 10 µm wide. Pileipellis an ixocutis composed of ± cylindrical, mostly incrusted, up to 6.0(10)-µm-wide hyphae; terminal cells 41–95 × 4.5–6.0 µm, ± adpressed to suberect, cylindrical, attenuated towards apex, diverticulate to subcoralloid, thin-walled. Circumcystidia (pileus margin cystidia) 30–80 × 4.0–7.0 µm, ± cylindrical, diverticulate to coralloid, sometimes branched, ± thin- walled. Stipitipellis a cutis of cylindrical, parallel, slightly thick-walled, incrusted, up to 6.0 µm wide hyphae with brownish yellow walls in H2O and KOH. Caulocystidia (15)34–80 × 3.0–6.0 µm, cylindrical, irregular, branched or coralloid, obtuse, thick- walled, mixed with up to 160 × 5.0 µm large, thick-walled, simple hairs; walls brownish yellow in H2O and KOH. Clamp connections present in all tissues. Ecology. Terrestrial, under Fraxinus excelsior, Acer campestre and Alnus glutinosa in wet alluvium of a stream. The Mloèí údolí Valley is one of the most interesting localities in the Podyjí National Park. Some other interesting saprotrophic fungi have been collected at the same locality during the past few years, among them Entoloma incarnatofuscescens (Britzelm.) Noordel., Grandinia pilaecystidiata (S. Lundell) Jülich, Limacella ochraceolutea P.D. Orton, Meottomyces dissimulans (Berk. et Broome) Vizzini, Psathyrella narcotica Kits van Wav., and Tulasnella calospora (Boud.) Jülich (ANTONÍN & VÁGNER 2000, BÌŤÁK 2011). Material studied. Czech Republic, southern Moravia, Podyjí National Park, near the village of Mašovice, Mloèí údolí Valley, between Andìlský mlýn and Èertùv mlýn [“Angel Mill” and “Devil Mill”], 48°51′10″ N, 15°59′44″ E, alt. 310 m, 31 Aug. 2012 leg. J. Bìťák and V. Antonín (Antonín 12.155, BRNM 745968; herb. J. Bìťák JB12/480).

Discussion The collection published herein is the typical variety of this species (var. cauticinalis) characterized by its bitter taste, small basidiospores, branched or coralloid caulocystidia and stipitipellis and stipe medulla hyphae remaining brown-yellow in KOH, and its growth on soil. Xeromphalina cauticinalis var. subfellea Bon differs in stipe hyphae becoming distinctly reddish in KOH. Xeromphalina fraxinophila A.H. Sm. and X. cornui Quél. may be confused with X. cauticinalis. The former species differs especially in its more robust basidiocarps (pileus

Acta Musei Moraviae, Sci. biol. (Brno), 98(1), 2013 101 V. A NTONÍN & J. BÌŤÁK

Fig. 2. Xeromphalina cauticinalis (BRNM 745968). A – pileipellis terminal cells, B – basidiospores, C – circumcystidia, D – cheilocystidia, E – caulocystidia. Scale bar = 20 µm.

102 Acta Musei Moraviae, Sci. biol. (Brno), 98(1), 2013 First record of Xeromphalina cauticinalis in the Czech Republic up to 30 mm broad, stipe 20–70 × 1–3.5 mm), a distinctly pubescent stipe, often inconspicuous, ± simple cheilocystidia (but with distinct, 22–75 × 4.5–6.0 µm large, branched to coralloid cheilocystidia in var. macrocystidiata), a mild taste, and its growth on the wood of broadleaved trees. The latter taxon has a mild taste and grows on conifer litter in damp, grassy forests and Sphagnum bogs (ANTONÍN & NOORDELOOS 2004, NOORDELOOS 2012). The recently described X. setulipes Esteve-Rav. et G. Moreno, known to date only from its type locality in Spain (ESTEVE-RAVENTÓS et al. 2010), is also macroscopically similar. It has, however, a dark red-brown to chocolate-brown pileus, tobacco-brown lamellae, a dark purplish brown stipe, hyphae turning dark reddish-brown in KOH, and ± simple, not coralloid caulocystidia. Xeromphalina cauticinalis var. cauticinalis occurs in various types of habitat throughout Europe. It is found on raw humus in coniferous and mixed forests and, in northern Europe, also in subalpine Betula forests among mosses and lichens, often on damp soils (NOORDELOOS 2012). In Europe the species has been collected in both near- natural and intensively managed forests. It is thus difficult to specify its exact preference for a certain degree of naturalness in forest stands (HOLEC 2008). However, it seems that Xeromphalina cauticinalis prefers places with a degree of anthropogenic influence (ANTONÍN & NOORDELOOS 2004 and authors’ observations). Xeromphalina cauticinalis is a widely distributed fungus in the boreal and montane zones of Europe. To date, X. cauticinalis var. cauticinalis has been collected in Austria, Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia in Central Europe (ANTONÍN & NOORDELOOS 2004, ENDERLE 2004, KLÁN 1984, KRIEGLSTEINER 2001, RIMÓCZI 1994). Our record now completes the range of Central European countries from which it is known.

Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank to Jan W. Jongepier (Veselí nad Moravou, Czech Republic) for language improvements. The studies and field research of the first author were enabled through financial support provided to the Moravian Museum by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic as part of its long-term conceptual development programme to research institutions (ref. MK000094862).

References

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