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Geoscience and a Lunar Base
" t N_iSA Conference Pubhcatmn 3070 " i J Geoscience and a Lunar Base A Comprehensive Plan for Lunar Explora, tion unclas HI/VI 02907_4 at ,unar | !' / | .... ._-.;} / [ | -- --_,,,_-_ |,, |, • • |,_nrrr|l , .l -- - -- - ....... = F _: .......... s_ dd]T_- ! JL --_ - - _ '- "_r: °-__.......... / _r NASA Conference Publication 3070 Geoscience and a Lunar Base A Comprehensive Plan for Lunar Exploration Edited by G. Jeffrey Taylor Institute of Meteoritics University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico Paul D. Spudis U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Astrogeology Flagstaff, Arizona Proceedings of a workshop sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C., and held at the Lunar and Planetary Institute Houston, Texas August 25-26, 1988 IW_A National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Management Scientific and Technical Information Division 1990 PREFACE This report was produced at the request of Dr. Michael B. Duke, Director of the Solar System Exploration Division of the NASA Johnson Space Center. At a meeting of the Lunar and Planetary Sample Team (LAPST), Dr. Duke (at the time also Science Director of the Office of Exploration, NASA Headquarters) suggested that future lunar geoscience activities had not been planned systematically and that geoscience goals for the lunar base program were not articulated well. LAPST is a panel that advises NASA on lunar sample allocations and also serves as an advocate for lunar science within the planetary science community. LAPST took it upon itself to organize some formal geoscience planning for a lunar base by creating a document that outlines the types of missions and activities that are needed to understand the Moon and its geologic history. -
Planetary Surfaces
Chapter 4 PLANETARY SURFACES 4.1 The Absence of Bedrock A striking and obvious observation is that at full Moon, the lunar surface is bright from limb to limb, with only limited darkening toward the edges. Since this effect is not consistent with the intensity of light reflected from a smooth sphere, pre-Apollo observers concluded that the upper surface was porous on a centimeter scale and had the properties of dust. The thickness of the dust layer was a critical question for landing on the surface. The general view was that a layer a few meters thick of rubble and dust from the meteorite bombardment covered the surface. Alternative views called for kilometer thicknesses of fine dust, filling the maria. The unmanned missions, notably Surveyor, resolved questions about the nature and bearing strength of the surface. However, a somewhat surprising feature of the lunar surface was the completeness of the mantle or blanket of debris. Bedrock exposures are extremely rare, the occurrence in the wall of Hadley Rille (Fig. 6.6) being the only one which was observed closely during the Apollo missions. Fragments of rock excavated during meteorite impact are, of course, common, and provided both samples and evidence of co,mpetent rock layers at shallow levels in the mare basins. Freshly exposed surface material (e.g., bright rays from craters such as Tycho) darken with time due mainly to the production of glass during micro- meteorite impacts. Since some magnetic anomalies correlate with unusually bright regions, the solar wind bombardment (which is strongly deflected by the magnetic anomalies) may also be responsible for darkening the surface [I]. -
Astronomy in Poland
The Organisation Astronomy in Poland Marek Sarna1 Figure 1. Mikołaj Kazimierz Stępień2 Kopernik pictured in his Frombork observatory. From the painting by Jan Matejko (1838–89). 1 Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 2 Warsaw University Observatory, Poland Polish post-war astronomy was built virtually from nothing. Currently, about 250 astronomers are employed in seven academic institutes and a few smaller units across Poland. Broad areas of astrophysics are covered and the level of astronomical research in Poland is higher than the world average. Joining ESO has created an atmosphere that Gorgolewski (in radio astronomy), liant Polish scientists decided to stay for is conducive to further improvements in Stanisław Grzędzielski (interstellar and good at different western academic the quality of Polish research, and it interplanetary matter), Jan Hanasz institutions. Nonetheless, most of them marks an important step towards the full (radio astronomy, space research), Jerzy preserved close ties with their Polish integration of Polish astronomers into Jakimiec (in the field of Solar flares), colleagues, e.g., by inviting them to visit the international scientific community. Tadeusz Jarzębowski (photometry of vari- abroad and carrying out collaborative able stars), Andrzej Kruszewski (polarisa- research or providing support for scien- tion of starlight, variable stars and extra- tific libraries. As soon as Poland achieved Poland is a country with a long astronomi- galactic astronomy), Wojciech Krzemiński independence, the older emigrant astron- cal tradition: Mikołaj Kopernik (Nicolaus (variable stars), Jan Kubikowski (stellar omers frequently began to visit Poland Copernicus, 1473–1543) with his great atmospheres), Józef Masłowski (radio for both shorter and longer stays. -
Science Concept 5: Lunar Volcanism Provides a Window Into the Thermal and Compositional Evolution of the Moon
Science Concept 5: Lunar Volcanism Provides a Window into the Thermal and Compositional Evolution of the Moon Science Concept 5: Lunar volcanism provides a window into the thermal and compositional evolution of the Moon Science Goals: a. Determine the origin and variability of lunar basalts. b. Determine the age of the youngest and oldest mare basalts. c. Determine the compositional range and extent of lunar pyroclastic deposits. d. Determine the flux of lunar volcanism and its evolution through space and time. INTRODUCTION Features of Lunar Volcanism The most prominent volcanic features on the lunar surface are the low albedo mare regions, which cover approximately 17% of the lunar surface (Fig. 5.1). Mare regions are generally considered to be made up of flood basalts, which are the product of highly voluminous basaltic volcanism. On the Moon, such flood basalts typically fill topographically-low impact basins up to 2000 m below the global mean elevation (Wilhelms, 1987). The mare regions are asymmetrically distributed on the lunar surface and cover about 33% of the nearside and only ~3% of the far-side (Wilhelms, 1987). Other volcanic surface features include pyroclastic deposits, domes, and rilles. These features occur on a much smaller scale than the mare flood basalts, but are no less important in understanding lunar volcanism and the internal evolution of the Moon. Table 5.1 outlines different types of volcanic features and their interpreted formational processes. TABLE 5.1 Lunar Volcanic Features Volcanic Feature Interpreted Process -
Polish Mathematicians and Mathematics in World War I. Part I: Galicia (Austro-Hungarian Empire)
Science in Poland Stanisław Domoradzki ORCID 0000-0002-6511-0812 Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów (Rzeszów, Poland) [email protected] Małgorzata Stawiska ORCID 0000-0001-5704-7270 Mathematical Reviews (Ann Arbor, USA) [email protected] Polish mathematicians and mathematics in World War I. Part I: Galicia (Austro-Hungarian Empire) Abstract In this article we present diverse experiences of Polish math- ematicians (in a broad sense) who during World War I fought for freedom of their homeland or conducted their research and teaching in difficult wartime circumstances. We discuss not only individual fates, but also organizational efforts of many kinds (teaching at the academic level outside traditional institutions, Polish scientific societies, publishing activities) in order to illus- trate the formation of modern Polish mathematical community. PUBLICATION e-ISSN 2543-702X INFO ISSN 2451-3202 DIAMOND OPEN ACCESS CITATION Domoradzki, Stanisław; Stawiska, Małgorzata 2018: Polish mathematicians and mathematics in World War I. Part I: Galicia (Austro-Hungarian Empire. Studia Historiae Scientiarum 17, pp. 23–49. Available online: https://doi.org/10.4467/2543702XSHS.18.003.9323. ARCHIVE RECEIVED: 2.02.2018 LICENSE POLICY ACCEPTED: 22.10.2018 Green SHERPA / PUBLISHED ONLINE: 12.12.2018 RoMEO Colour WWW http://www.ejournals.eu/sj/index.php/SHS/; http://pau.krakow.pl/Studia-Historiae-Scientiarum/ Stanisław Domoradzki, Małgorzata Stawiska Polish mathematicians and mathematics in World War I ... In Part I we focus on mathematicians affiliated with the ex- isting Polish institutions of higher education: Universities in Lwów in Kraków and the Polytechnical School in Lwów, within the Austro-Hungarian empire. -
On the Moon with Apollo 16. a Guidebook to the Descartes Region. INSTITUTION National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 062 148 SE 013 594 AUTHOR Simmons, Gene TITLE On the Moon with Apollo 16. A Guidebook to the Descartes Region. INSTITUTION National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO NASA-EP-95 PUB DATE Apr 72 NOTE 92p. AVAILABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402 (Stock Number 3300-0421, $1.00) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS *Aerospace Technology; Astronomy; *Lunar Research; Resource Materials; Scientific Research; *Space Sciences IDENTIFIERS NASA ABSTRACT The Apollo 16 guidebook describes and illustrates (with artist concepts) the physical appearance of the lunar region visited. Maps show the planned traverses (trips on the lunar surface via Lunar Rover); the plans for scientific experiments are described in depth; and timelines for all activities are included. A section on uThe Crewn is illustrated with photos showing training and preparatory activities. (Aathor/PR) ON THE MOON WITH APOLLO 16 A Guidebook to the Descartes Region U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO- DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG- grIl INATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN- IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU- CATION POSITION on POLICY. JAI -0110 44 . UP. 16/11.4LI NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION April 1972 EP-95 kr) ON THE MOON WITH APOLLO 16 A Guidebook to the Descartes Region by Gene Simmons A * 40. 7 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION April 1972 2 Gene Simmons was Chief Scientist of the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston for two years and isnow Professor of Geophysics at the Mas- sachusetts Institute of Technology. -
Abstracts.Pdf
XXV SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT SYMPOSIUM “East and West the Common European Heritage” Jagiellonian University Museum Krakow, Poland 10 -14 September 2006 ISBN 83-921397-7-1 Druk: Poligrafia Inspektoratu Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego ul. Konfederacka 6, 30-306 Kraków XXV Scientific Instrument Symposium organised by: Scientific Instrument Commission International Union of the History and Philosophy of Science Division of History of Science http://www.sic.iuhps.org/ Jagiellonian University Museum Department of the History of Science and Scientific Instruments http://www3.uj.edu.pl/Muzeum/index.en.html Local Organising Committee: Prof. Stanisław Waltoś - Director of the Jagiellonian University Museum Ewa Wyka Małgorzata Taborska Maciej Kluza Anna Karolina Zawada Funding for the XXV Scientific Instrument Symposium was provided in part by: - Rector of the Jagiellonian University - International Union of the History and Philosophy of Science Division of History of Science - Scientific Instrument Commission Gaudeamus igitur Gaudeamus igitur While we're young, let us rejoice, Juvenes dum sumus Singing out in gleeful tones, Post jucundum juventutem After youth's delightful frolic, Post molestam senectutem And old age (so melancholic!), Nos habebit humus. Earth will cover our bones. Vivat academia Long live our academy, Vivant professores Teachers whom we cherish, Vivat membrum quodlibet Long live all the graduates, Vivat membra quaelibet And the undergraduates; Semper sint in flore. Ever may they flourish. vers. C. W. Kindeleben, 1781 Tr. J. Mark Sugars, 1997 5 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Gaudeamus igitur.....................................................................5 2. List of Participants ...................................................................9 3. Session I: East-West – Cooperation, Competition and Trade................................................................................23 4. Session II: Shot at Noon - Aspects of Artillery Instruments from Early Modern Europe ....................................................35 5. -
Summary of Sexual Abuse Claims in Chapter 11 Cases of Boy Scouts of America
Summary of Sexual Abuse Claims in Chapter 11 Cases of Boy Scouts of America There are approximately 101,135sexual abuse claims filed. Of those claims, the Tort Claimants’ Committee estimates that there are approximately 83,807 unique claims if the amended and superseded and multiple claims filed on account of the same survivor are removed. The summary of sexual abuse claims below uses the set of 83,807 of claim for purposes of claims summary below.1 The Tort Claimants’ Committee has broken down the sexual abuse claims in various categories for the purpose of disclosing where and when the sexual abuse claims arose and the identity of certain of the parties that are implicated in the alleged sexual abuse. Attached hereto as Exhibit 1 is a chart that shows the sexual abuse claims broken down by the year in which they first arose. Please note that there approximately 10,500 claims did not provide a date for when the sexual abuse occurred. As a result, those claims have not been assigned a year in which the abuse first arose. Attached hereto as Exhibit 2 is a chart that shows the claims broken down by the state or jurisdiction in which they arose. Please note there are approximately 7,186 claims that did not provide a location of abuse. Those claims are reflected by YY or ZZ in the codes used to identify the applicable state or jurisdiction. Those claims have not been assigned a state or other jurisdiction. Attached hereto as Exhibit 3 is a chart that shows the claims broken down by the Local Council implicated in the sexual abuse. -
SPS Demos-Cakeraters.Pdf
Cakeraters Demonstration Falling space rocks collide with the surface of planets and moons to create impact craters which can be found all over our solar system Number of Participants: 2-15 Audience: Elementary (ages 5-10) and up Duration: 10-20 mins Difficulty: Level 2 Materials Required: • Brownie or cake mix (darker color preferred) • Baking pan (any appropriate size) • Coffee creamer or any light-colored powder • Hot cocoa mix or any dark-colored powder (Optional) • Phone with slow -motion capabilities (most) • 2.54 cm Ball bearing or equivalent spherical large mass • Rubber band (Optional) Setup: 1. Bake the brownie according to the instructions on the box 2. Once the brownie cools down, take a teaspoonful of the coffee creamer and place it in the center of the uncut brownies. Spread uniformly across an area of 2x the diameter of the ball. 3. Optional: Place a teaspoon full of darker powder on centered on top of the lighter powder. A diameter of approximately the same as the dropped ball is suggested. This will add contrast to the crater patterns generated. Presenter Brief: Be familiar with how craters are formed, and their basic structure. Relate crater structures to experiences student will have had including the moon and when something is dropped in powders or liquid. Explain how meteor size, speed, and angle of incidence affect the way the craters turn out. Understand how tektites are formed. Vocabulary: • Meteors – Space rocks that enter a planet’s atmosphere and burn up at high speeds due to friction with the gases surrounding them. • Asteroids – Small objects made of rocks and metals that were left over from the formation of the solar system. -
Recreation in Idaho: Campgrounds, Sites and Destinations
U.S. Department of the Interior BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT Recreation in Idaho Campgrounds, Sites and Destinations Locations to Explore Four BLM district offices, 12 field offices and the Idaho State Office administer almost 12 million acres of public lands in Idaho. Please reference the colors and map throughout the booklet for specific regions of Idaho. You may also contact our offices with questions or more information. East-Central and Eastern Idaho Northern Idaho BLM IDAHO FALLS DISTRICT BLM COEUR D’ALENE DISTRICT 1405 Hollipark Drive | Idaho Falls, ID 83401 3815 Schreiber Way | Coeur d’Alene, ID 83815 208-524-7500 208-769-5000 BLM Challis Field Office BLM Coeur d’Alene Field Office 721 East Main Avenue, Suite 8 3815 Schreiber Way | Coeur d’Alene, ID 83815 Challis, ID 83226 208-769-5000 208-879-6200 BLM Cottonwood Field Office BLM Pocatello Field Office 2 Butte Drive | Cottonwood, ID 83522 4350 Cliffs Drive | Pocatello, ID 83204 208-962-3245 208-478-6340 Southwestern Idaho BLM Salmon Field Office BLM BOISE DISTRICT 1206 S. Challis St. | Salmon, ID 83467 3948 Development Avenue | Boise, ID 83705 208-756-5400 208-384-3300 BLM Upper Snake Field Office BLM Bruneau Field Office 1405 Hollipark Dr. | Idaho Falls, ID 83401 3948 Development Ave. | Boise, ID 83705 208-524-7500 208-384-3300 South-Central Idaho BLM Four Rivers Field Office and the BLM TWIN FALLS DISTRICT Morley Nelson Snake River Birds of Prey 2536 Kimberly Road | Twin Falls, ID 83301 National Conservation Area 208-735-2060 3948 Development Ave. | Boise, ID 83705 208-384-3300 BLM Burley Field Office 15 East 200 South | Burley, ID 83318 BLM Owyhee Field Office 208-677-6600 20 First Avenue West | Marsing, ID 83639 208-896-5912 BLM Jarbidge Field Office 2536 Kimberly Road | Twin Falls, ID 83301 208-735-2060 BLM Shoshone Field Office including the Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve 400 West “F” Street | Shoshone, ID 83352 208-732-7200 Whitewater fun for the family on one of many Idaho rivers. -