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Observo Ergo Sum Tadeusz Banachiewicz 1882 Anna Karolina Zawada Observo ergo sum Tadeusz Banachiewicz 1882 - 1954 Muzeum Uniwersytetu Jagielloñskiego Collegium Maius Kraków 2004 Scenariusz wystawy | Authors of the exhibition: A. Karolina Zawada, Jacek Guzik Komisarz wystawy | Curator of the exhibition: A. Karolina Zawada Projekt plakatu i katalogu | Posters & catalogue design: Barbara £agan, A. Karolina Zawada Aran¿acja plastyczna wystawy | Exibition design: A. Karolin Zawada, Barbara £agan Druk | Printed by: Drukarnia Deka, Kraków ISBN: 83 - 921397-0-4 Wystawa czasowa Temporary exhibition Collegium Maius Collegium Maius 29 paŸdziernika -14 listopada 2004 29 October - 14 November 2004 Organizatorzy wystawy sk³adaj¹ serdeczne podziêkowania Dyrekcji oraz Pracownikom Archiwum Uniwersytetu Jagielloñskiego, Archiwum Nauki Polskiej Akademii Nauk i Polskiej Akademii Umiejêtnoœci, Biblioteki Akademii Pedagogicznej w Krakowie, Obserwatorium Astronomicznego Uniwersytetu Jagielloñskiego, Biblioteki Jagielloñskiej, panu doktorowi Janowi Mietelskiemu, panu doktorowi Jerzemu Kordylewskiemu, panu profesorowi Adamowi Strza³kowskiemu, panu profesorowi Jerzemu Kreinerowi oraz wszystkim pracownikom Muzeum UJ, którzy przyczynili siê do stworzenia tej wystawy. Spis treœci Contents ¯yciorys Tadeusza The Curriculum vitae of Banachiewicza spisany osobiœcie Tadeusz Banachiewicz przez Niego na potrzeby which was written Uniwersytetu Jagielloñskiego by him in 1920 for w 1920 roku 9 Jagiellonian University Tadeusz Banachiewicz 10 Tadeusz Banachiewicz Cychry - lata dzieciñstwa 24 Cychry - his childhood years Kalendarium ¿ycia Tadeusza The time line of Tadeusz Banachiewicza 29 Banachiewicz’s life Katalog wystawy 35 Catalogue Tadeusz Banachiewicz ok. 1910. ca. 1910. w³. pryw. ¯yciorys Tadeusza Bana- The Curriculum vitae of chiewicza spisany osobiœcie Tadeusz Banachiewicz which przez Niego na potrzeby was written by him in 1920 for Uniwersytetu Jagielloñskiego Jagiellonian University. w 1920 roku. Tadeusz Banachiewicz urodzi³ siê Tadeusz Banachiewicz was born on w Warszawie 13. II.1882 r., z ojca 13th February 1882. His father Artur Artura, obywatela ziemskiego i z matki was a landowner, his mother's name Zofji z Rzeszotarskich. W r. 1900 ukoñ- was Zofia, and her maiden name was czy³ z medalem srebrnym V-e gimna- Rzeszotarska. In 1900 he finished high zjum w Warszawie, zaœ w 1904 school (V Gimnazjum) in Warsaw and Wydzia³ Matematyczny Uniwersytetu got a silver medal, and in 1904 he w Warszawie ze stopniem kandydata received a degree in the Faculty of nauk matematycznych i z medalem Mathematics at the University of z³otym za rozprawê konkursow¹ Warsaw and became a candidate for z astronomiji praktycznej. Zaliczony do the position of professor of mathe- uniwersytetu w Warszawie, jako matical sciences. His final paper was aspirant do katedry astronomji i ge- awarded with a gold medal. He stayed odezji, w r. 1906/07 studiowa³ w Ge- at the University. In 1906/07 he studied tyndze, przyczem zwiedzi³ ró¿ne in Göttingen and visited various foreign obserwatorja zagraniczne, w r. zaœ observatories. In 1908/09 he worked in 1907/08 - w Pu³kowie. W r. 1908/09 the Pu³kowo Observatory. In 1908/09 pe³ni³ obowi¹zki astronoma - obser- he acted as an observation astronomer watora w Warszawie, w r. zaœ 1910, po in Warsaw. In 1910 after his master's z³o¿eniu egzaminów magisterskich exams in Moscow, under the politcial w Moskwie, przyj¹³, skutkiem warun- situation of the time, he accepted an ków politycznych, zaproszenie na offer to be an assistant astronomer in miejsce asystenta w Obserwatorjum Engelhardt Observatory near Kazan. In Engelhardta pod Kazaniem. Na tym 1911 he announced an eclipse of a star stanowisku zapowiedzia³ w r. 1911 dla by one of Jupiter's satellites in South Ameryki Po³udniowej zakrycie gwiazdy America and made many scientific przez satelitê Jowisza, oraz odby³ expeditions in Russia to determine the liczne wyprawy naukowe po Rosji, terrestial gravity force. In 1915 because g³ównie dla wyznaczenia si³y ciê¿koœci. of the war he received the official W r. 1915, wobec wypadków wojen- qualification as a university lecturer in nych, habilitowa³ siê w uniwersytecie Kazan University . In the same year he Kazañskim. W tym¿e roku porzuci³ left Kazan and again received offcial Kazañ, i habilitowa³ siê ponownie qualification as a university lecturer in w Dorpacie po obronie rozprawy "Trzy Dorpat after the public defence of his szkice z teorii refrakcji," poczem zosta³ thesis "Three drafts of the refraction docentem prywatnym uniwersytetu theory," and he became a reader at Dorpackiego. W 1917 obroni³ w Dor- Dorpat University. In 1917 he defended pacie rozprawê na stopieñ magistra his master thesis "About the Gauss astronomji "O równaniu Gaussa," Equation" and was appointed to the poczem powo³any zosta³ najprzód na post of assistant professor of sta³ego Docenta astronomji, póŸniej astronomy, and in March 1918 to the zaœ w marcu 1918 r. na profesora post of professor of astronomy. During nadzwyczajnego tego¿ przedmiotu the evacuation of the university to w uniwersytecie Dorpackim. W lipcu Russia, he was invited to perform in the 9 1918 r. przy ewakuacji uniwersytetu do capacity of professor of astronomy in Rosji, zaproszony zosta³ w charakterze Worone¿. Before this, in May 1918 he profesora astronomji do Worone¿a. received an invitation from Cracow, Przedtem jeszcze, w maju 1918 r. where from the spring of 1919 he has otrzyma³ zaproszenie do Krakowa, been professor of astronomy and gdzie od wiosny 1919 r. jest profesorem director of the Observatory. On 19th zwyczajnym astronomji i dyrektorem January 1908 he became a member of Obserwatorjum. W d. 19 I 1908 r. zosta³ the Scientific Society in Warsaw, and cz³onkiem Towarzystwa naukowego on 28th May 1920 a correspondent w Warszawie, zaœ 28 V 1920 r. cz³on- member of the Polish Academy of Arts kiem korespondentem Polskiej and Sciences. Akademji Umiejêtnoœci. Kraków, 16 czerwca 1920 r. Cracow, 16th June 1920. Tadeusz Banachiewicz Tadeusz Banachiewicz Ma³y Tadzio Banachiewicz od dzieciñ- Tadeusz Banachiewicz was a very stwa wykazywa³ nieprzeciêtne zdolno- clever and intelligent child. When he œci intelektualne. was four years old he was able to count to 1000, when he was five he learned to read by himself. One day the child helped his family to solve quite a difficult problem. His father asked him "How did you do it?", he answered "I read it in an encyclopedia!" The teachers of the young Tadeusz were embarrassed because of his science skills. They said their pupils went to Tadeusz, because he explained it better. In 1900 he finished high school (V Gimnazjum) and got a silver medal for his learning progress. In the same year he started to study astronomy in the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics at Warsaw University. From January 1901 Banachiewicz was making systematic observations, mainly eclipses of stars by the Moon. He finished his studies in 1904 and became a candidate for the positon of professor of mathematical sciences. His final paper about a heliometric measurement in the Pu³kowo Obser- Tadeusz w wieku oko³o trzech lat. w³. pryw. vatory was awarded with a gold Tadeusz at the age of three. w³. pryw. Medal from the University Senate. 10 W wieku lat czterech potrafi³ liczyæ do tysi¹ca, jako piêciolatek samodzielnie opanowa³ trudn¹ sztukê czytania. Malec rozstrzygn¹³ kiedyœ spór toczony przez doros³ych udzielaj¹c m¹drej rady. Zapytany sk¹d wie o takich rzeczach, odpowiedzia³ “Psecyta³em w encyklo- pedii!” Zdolnoœci m³odego Tadeusza do nauk œcis³ych wprawia³y nieraz w zak³o- potanie nauczycieli, którzy odsy³ali swych podopiecznych do Niego, aby to on lepiej wyt³umaczy³ im prawa fizyki. W 1900 r. w Warszawie ukoñczy³ z wy- ró¿nieniem V Gimnazjum i zdoby³ srebrny medal za postêpy w nauce. W tym¿e roku rozpocz¹³ studia astrono- miczne na Wydziale Matematyczno - Fizycznym Uniwersytetu Warszaw- skiego. Ju¿ od stycznia 1901 roku, jako student, Banachiewicz prowadzi³ sys- tematyczne obserwacje astronomi- Tadeusz Banchiewicz i jego koledzy czne, g³ównie zakryæ gwiazd przez w Uniwersytecie Warszawskim Ksiê¿yc. w czerwcu 1904 roku. w³. pryw. Tadeusz Banachiewicz and his friends Studia ukoñczy³ w 1904 roku uzy- at Warsaw University in June 1904. w³. pryw. skuj¹c stopieñ kandydata nauk. Jego praca dyplomowa, "Badania sta³ych A heliometer is difficult to use and redukcyjnych heliometru Repsolda Banachiewicz had a working know- Obserwatorium Pu³kowskiego" zosta³a ledge of using it. That was the reason nagrodzona przez Senat UW z³otym professor Dubiago offered Bana- medalem. chiewicz the position of assistant astronomer in Engelhard Observatory Heliometr to trudne w obs³udze near Kazan. This 5-year work was urz¹dzenie, a du¿a praktyka Banachie- fruitul because of a series of wicza w pos³ugiwaniu siê nim heliometric observations of the Moon spowodowa³y, ¿e w roku 1910 profesor which are known as the Banachiewicz Dymitr Iwanowicz Dubiago zapro- series in scientific literature. ponowa³ mu stanowisko asystenta w Obserwatorium Engelharda pod During his work in Kazan Bana- Kazaniem. Praca w Kazaniu zaowo- chiewicz announced the coming of a cowa³a seri¹ piêcioletnich obserwacji rare event in 1911. This was an eclipse heliometrycznych Ksiê¿yca, zwanych of the star 6G Librae by Jupiter's w literaturze kazañskim szeregiem satellite - Ganymede. The pheno- Banachiewicza. menon was visible in Chile and when scientists learned about it, they Pracuj¹c w Kazaniu w 1911 roku Bana- prepared 32 observation stations. chiewicz zapowiedzia³ nadejœcie rzadkiego zjawiska - zakrycia gwiazdy In 1915 Banachiewicz moved from o nazwie 6G Librae przez jeden z ksiê- Kazan to Dorpat Observatory (today ¿yców Jowisza - Ganimedesa. Dorpad is named Tartu, in Estonia) 11 and became its director in 1918. In the same year he returned to Warsaw and acted as an assistant professor of geodesy at the Warsaw Polytechnic High School. On 27th November 1918 the Faculty of Philosophy at Jagiellonian University sent a letter to the ministry of religion and education in Warsaw: Because of the death of Professor Tadeusz Banachiewicz ze wspó³pracownikami Maurycy Rudzki the astronomy w Obserwatorium Engelhardta. department in the Faculty of Philosophy Ze zbiorów Obserwatorium Engelhardta.
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