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JAKO197713464503089.Pdf ldaehan hwahak hwoejee (Journal of the Korean Chemical Society) Vol. 21, No. 4, 1977 JPrinted in Republic of Korea 새로운 의약품의 개발을 위한 의약품의 분자구조와 약리효과에 관한 연구 • 교감신경모방약으로 작용하는 Phenethylamine 유도체들에 관하여 金 宜洛 (1976. 11. 9 접수 ) The Study on Conformation and Biological Activity for the Drug Design. Phenethylamine Derivatives as the Sympathomimetics Ui Rak Kim Department of Chemistry, Catholic Medical College, Seoul, Korea (Received Nov. 9, 1976) 요 약 . 교감신경 홍분성 amine 류의 분자구조와 약리 효과 간의 관계를 설명하기 위하여 phen- methylamine 에 서 benzene 고리 와 ethylamine 의 위 치 와 amine 의 질 소에 hydroxy 기 와 methyl 기 둥을 도입한 23 종의 약품에 대한 분자 특성을 EHT 법으로 계산하여 검토하였다 . ABSTRACT. We applied the EHT method to 23 kinds of adrenergic agents, sympathomi- metics, which were derived from phenethylamine by introducing hydroxy and methyl group to benzene ring, a- or ^-position and nitrogen of ethylamine. We have stated and discussed theoretically the relationship between their structural characteristics .and biological activities by compairing with the calculated values. 들의 분자구조를 전자계산기와 양자역학적인 이 서 른 론을 도입 하여 , 이 론적으로 계산하므로써 약물이 의약품 중에는 똑 같은 분자식을 가지고 있지 수소결합 , Van der Weals힘 , 정전기적인 인력 만 그들의 분자구조가 달라짐에 따라 약리효과 이 나 홉착 등으로 인체 조직과 결합이 일어 나 , 약 가 전연 다른 것이 대단히 많다 . 예를 들면 항 리효과가 생기게 되는데 필요한 전자밀도와 공 생 제 , chloramphenicol 은 threo 및 erythro 와 같 간 배열이 , 각 분자구조와 치환기의 종류와 위치 은 conformational isomer 들의 biological activity 에 따라 어떻게 변하는가를 조사할 수 있고 , 이 가 서로 상이하여 threo 꼴만 activity 가 있고 로써 각 화합물의 분자들이 유사하면서도 서로 erythro 꼴은 없다七 특성이 달라지는 원인이 규명된다 . 또 ethambutol 의 optical isomer 들 ? 간에 도 이 Dihydroxyphenethylamine (Dopamine) 을 모체 러한 약리효과의 차이 가 생기 며 한편 activity를 로 하는 교감신경 모방약 (sympathomimetic drug) 가지고 있는 drug이라도 그 속에 포함된 원소나 들은 adrenergic agent 로서 약리 효과가 benzene 원자단을 바꾸어 줌으로써 약리효과가 증가되거 고리 나 ethylamine 의 a, 8 위치와 amine 의 질소 나 부작용이 줄어 들기도 한다 . 이와 같은 약물 중 어 디 에 methyl 기 와 hydroxy 기 가 치 환되 었 느 —235 — 236 金宜洛 냐에 따라 그 성질이 달라지므로 그 변화 원인이 a?仞 '-planar 에 해당하며 , 계산대상물질은 Table- 무엇에 기인하는가를 알기 위하여 EHT 법을 적 1과 같다 . 용시켜 각 약물의 분자특성을 조사하였다 . Phenethylamine (ID 은 benzene 고리와 ethyl - amine 에 치 환기가 없는 것으로서 이 화합물 속에 계 산 서 C5-C6-C7-Cg 사이 의 각을 Ti, C6-C7-C8-N9+- 본 연구에서는 반경험적 분자궤도함수론인 를 ~2> 그리 고 C7-C8-N9+-H1o 를 T3 이 라 가정 하 EHT 법 (Extended Huckel Theory) 2 을 사용하였 고 , 각 angle에 따른 계산된 에너지 변화값은 본 으며 또 input 로서 필 요한 각 화합물 속의 원자 문에서 생 략하고 결과만을 가지고 설명한다 . 들 간의 직 교좌표는 vector program 법 을 써서 계 NH+3 기 는 為 의 각이 60°, 180°와 300°의 산하였다 . 그리고 계산에 필요한 원자간의 거 리 엇먹는 위치 (staggered position) 일 때 만을 계 산한 및 각도 3와 parameter 는 문헌 , 에서 구하였다 . 다 . 이 물질의 비틀림 각이 ”=90°, &=180° 와 - 계산 대상물질로는 phenethylamine 에 methyl ti=90°, T2—60° 그리고 勺 =90°, &=—60° 에서 기와 hydroxy 기 를 도입 할 때 위치와 수에 따라 최 저 에 너 지 를 가지 는 3 개 의 conformation이 존 분자간의 약리적인 효과가어떻게 변하는가를조 재하고 :■1=一 90° 일 때도 & 는 이와 같은 위치 사하기 위 하여 Table 1 과 같이 phenethylamine 에서 최저에너지를 가지므로 계산은 n=90°, 유도체들의 preferred conformation^ 을 계산하기 五 =180°, 60°, —60° 와 *=180° 상태에서 계산 • 위하여 비틀림각 (torsion angle) 을 Fig. 1과 같 하였다 . ' 이 변화시켜 공간좌표를 선정하였다 . 이와 유사한 tyramineQh) 과 dopamine (IV) 즉 , 결합원자 A-B-C-D의 비틀림각 (torsion 은 ethylamine 을 phenethylamine 과 같은 위 치 angel) 은 ABC 평면과 BCD 평면으로 이 루어 진 에 두었으며 hydroxy 기가 자유회전을 하기 때 각이며 A방향으로 부터 보았을 때 t의 양의 값 문에 benzene 고리에 수직으로 고정하여 이들 - 은 시계방향 , 음의 값은 시계의 반대방향의 각 물질들을 계산하였다 . 이 때 , 이 hydroxy기의 을 나타내며 t = 0° 는 AB와 CD결합이 배 위 치 는 자유회 전 으로 말미 암아 conformation 의 치에 있을 때이다 . 또 £의 값이 0°, 60°, 120° 안정도에 크게 영향을 미치지는 않는다 . 와 180° 는 sy^-planar, iyn-clinal, anit-clinal 과 Dopamine의 경우는 Kier^의 EHT계산에섀 I- phenethylamine VII. EPINEPHRINE VIII. AMPHETAMINE Fig. 1. The torsion angle of the phenethylamine derivatives. Journal of the Korean Chemical Society? 새로운 의약품의 개발을 위한 의약품의 분자구조와 약리효과에 관한 연구 237 Table 1. Sympathomimetic drugs. V 斗 / [I] Q-c-c-N<rH 丿jB & 、R R R / L% \ / -H —H Phenethylamine -H ) IZB -H Amphetamine -H -ch3 a 141 xf / -OH -ch3 _ H 15 Norephedrine 1 16/ 一 OH —CHs -ch3 u Ephedrine I7 _ CHj Vonednne —CH3 -H f Ia t -H —H 19 3-Methylphenethylamine -ch3 Methamphetamine -H _ CH3 —CHg f 、 t 丿 ch Mephenterrnme -H -(CH3)2 - 3 * # > r / j OHs \ Halostachme —OH -H (nj Ho-O~rr-RH (Bi) Tyramme -H -H —H 皿 ) p-Hydroxyephedrine -OH _ CH3 - 아]3 (n3) p-Hydroxypropadnne -OH —CHg -H (D Octopam;ne -OH -H -H (Dr) Synephrme -OH -H —CHs ¥ 耳 ZH —c ■ -C N....... H (m) h。-◎ s Q i 、代 am) Neo-synephnne -OH 一 H —CHj (m2) Aramine -OH -CH3 -H (m3) m - Hydroxyephednne -OH -CHs —CHs H 夕 c —_ ----- H 回 HOZO 丄 * (I7i) Dopamine -H —H -H am Norepinephrine -OH —H -H ®) Epinephrine -OH -H -ch3 (174) N- ethyInorepmephnne —OH —H -CzHs W5) isoproterenol -OH -H —CHtCHsJg (H%) Cobefnn - OH - CHs - H Vol . 21, No. 4, 1977 238 金宜洛 771 = 90°, 了 2=60°오 } 勺 =90°, T2=-60° 또 일 하나 hydroxy 기 를 benzene 고리 에 가지 지 않 - 互 = 150°, r2=-60°, 그리고 互 =3俨, 72=60° 은 halostachineCU) 과 benzene 고리의 파라와 의 gauche conformer 들이 있음을 지적하였다 . 메 타 위 치 에 hydroxy 기 가 있는 neo-synephrine- Norepinephrine (IV2) 은 benzene 고리에 두 개 (IIL) 과 synephrine(II6), 그리고 amine 의 질소 의 hydroxy 기를 가지며 또 곁사슬에 hydroxy기 에 ethyl 기 7} 치 환된 2V-ethylnorepinephrine 가 하나 더 있는 화합물로서 , p(C厂Cr~OTI)를 (IV4) 과 isopropyl 기 가 치 환된 isoproterenol (IV5) 一 60。, 60°, 그리 고 180° 로 취 하였으나 , 一 60° 을 같은 조건하에서 계산하였다 . 일 때 에너지 값이 가장 타당성이 있는 것으로 Ephedrine(為)은 곁사슬의 £ 위치에 hydroxy 사료되 어 앞으로 P 을 一 60。로 두고 진행 한다 . 기 가 있 고 두 methyl 기 가 a 위 치 와 amine 의 질 또 “ = 120°, 丁 2 = 180°와 方 =90°, 気= 一 60。일 소에 치환되어 있으나 benzene 고리에는 치환기 때 최저에너지를 가지며 이보다 약 lkcal/mole 가 없는 화합물이 며 卩= -6。°에서 두 methyl 기 이 더 높은 conformation 은 勺 = 12俨, t2=180° 를 엇갈린 위치에 두고 4를 180° 로 하면 处 = 와 门 = 90°, *=—60。이다 . 또 benzene 고리에 120, 处=180° 일 때 최저에너지 conformer 가 되 하나의 hydroxy 기만을 가지고 ethylamine 은 고 , 口그 90°, 方 =-60。일 때도 비슷한 에너지 같은 구조를 가진 octopamine 도 같은 조건에서 를 가진다 . 또 benzene 고리의 파라와 메타 위치 계산하였다 . 에 hydroxy 기 를 가진 力 -hydroxyephedrine (II) Norephedrine (I3) 은 benzene 고리 에 는 치 환기 과 m-hydroxyephedrine(IIl3)을 같은 조건하에 가 없으나 곁사슬의 8 위치 에 hydroxy 기 를 가 서 계산하였다 . 지고 a 위치에 methyl기가 치환된 약물이다 . Amphetamine (12) 은 phenethylamine 의 , 탄 hydroxy 기를 ”=—60° 로 두고 , — 소에 methyl 기가 치환된 화합물로서 £1 = 120°, 4=180°일 때 최저에너지를 가지며 이 보다 ^2 = 180°일 때 최저에너지가 되고 , 方 =90°, Ikcal/'moie 이 높은 conformation 은 —90°, 亞 = 一 60。와 勺 = 90°, 如 =60。에 서 는 비 슷한 - $2=—60° 와 benzene고리를 180° 로 회전시킨 에너지를 가진다 . 门 = 60七 t2 = 180° 와 方 = 一 90。,仃2二二 -60° 가 있다 . Methamphetamine(【7)은 ethylamine의 a 위치 Efhylamine 의 구조는 이와 유사하나 benzene 와 amine 의 질소에 methyl 기 가 치 환되 었고 고리 의 파라 위 치 와 메 타 위 치 에 hydroxy 기 를 가 ri=90°, 口 = 180° 에서 최저에너지 conformer7? 진 7)-hydroxypropadrine (II3) 과 aramine (III2), 되고 n—90°, $2=60。와 71—90°, ^2= —60° 또 파라와 메타 위치에 각각 hydroxy기를 가진 일 때도 비슷한 에너지를 가진다 cobefrinedVQ을 동일한 조건에서 계산하였다 . 그리 고 methamphetamine (I7) 의 - a 위 치 에 이 때 benzene 고리 에 두 개 의 hydroxy 기 는 앞 methyl 기가 하나 더 치환된 mephentermine(I8) 에서 와 같이 benzene 고리 에 수직으로 두었다 . 도 같은 조건에서 계산하였다 . Epinephrine (IV3) 은 benzene 고리의 파라와 Ethylamine의 £ 위치 에 methyl 기 가 있는 것 메 타 위 치 에 hydroxy 기 가 있 고 곁 사슬의 £ 위 치 으로서 는 vonedrinedQ 과 ^-methylpl enethyl- 에 hydroxy 기 와 amine 의 질 소에 methyl 기 가 amineG) 으로 전자는 g 위치 이외에 amine 의 있는 화합물로서 ethylamine 의 hydroxy 기는 질 소에 methyl 기 가 하나 더 치 환된 화합물이 다 ­ p=— 60° 에 두고 benzene 고리 에 붙어 있는 이들은 勺 =]20七 舍 2=180。와 n=90°, 兴。" hydroxy 기 는 고리 에 수칙 으로 두었 다 , 그리고 勺 =120°, 公 =6俨와 处=9俨, 宪=60° 최저에너지 conformer는 互 = 120。, 公 =180。이 에서 계산하였다 . 나 £1 = 30°, 勺 =一 60° 그리 고 口 = 100°, r2--60° 결과 및 토론 가 비슷한 에너지를 가지는 conformer이다 . 한 교감신경모방약은 교감신경 흥분제와 유사한 편 이와 유사한 분자들로서는 ethylamine 은 동 Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 새로운 의약품의 개 발을 위한 의약품의 분자구조와 약리효과에 관한 연구 239- 효과를 나타내는 약으로서 그들의 화학구조에 따 가 달라짐에 따라 다른 효과가 생긴다고 생각하 • 라 나타나는 작용과 작용강도가 다르다 .
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