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Triumph & Tragedy in History 2019

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Triumph & Tragedy in History 2019 Triumph & Tragedy in History 2019 National History Day Theme Tennessee History Topics Topic Triumph Tragedy Triumph Temperance Alcoholism blighted the lives of Anti-liquor groups in Tennessee Movement in many people. successfully lobbied the General Tennessee Assembly to forbid the sale of (c. 1840–1933) alcohol near several public facilities throughout the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. Scopes Trial The Dayton, TN, court found high For the Modernists, the Scopes trial (1925) school teacher John T. Scopes had both short- and long-term guilty of violating the Butler Act effects on the teaching of science in which prohibited the teaching of schools in the U.S. evolution in public schools. Fundamentalists considered the verdict a triumph for Creationism. Battle of King’s John Sevier and several other For the Loyalist militia, the Mountain Patriots defeated Loyalist lopsided defeat resulted in 290 (1780) adversaries in South Carolina killed, 163 wounded, and 668 during the Southern Campaign of captured. the American Revolutionary War. Nickajack U.S. Major James Ore defeated the The Chickamauga villages at Expedition Chickamauga Cherokee over the Nickajack Town and Running (1794) increasing hostility against white Water town are razed and their colonizers. armies defeated. Triumph & Tragedy in History 2019 National History Day Theme Tennessee History Topics Topic Triumph Tragedy Triumph Columbia Race Fearing an attack on their In response to this and several Riots community following the arrest of similar incidents, the NAACP (1946) a black WWII veteran charged with successfully pressured President physically assaulting a white store Harry Truman to create the clerk, residents of the Committee on Civil Rights in 1946. predominately black Mink Slide neighborhood shot and wounded advancing assailants. In retaliation, police officers and white civilians indiscriminately raided houses and black businesses, arrested bystanders, and confiscated weapons. Memphis After the crushing to death of two After the assassination of Martin Sanitation Strike black sanitation workers in garbage Luther King, Jr., national labor (1968) compactors, African American leaders, Pres. Lyndon Johnson, and workers in Memphis’ sanitation TN Governor Buford Ellington industry walked out of work in pressured the city of Memphis to response to poor treatment from recognize the local union and allow white supervisors, poor working deduction of union dues from conditions, the city’s refusal to workers’ paychecks. recognize labor union, and low wages. Triumph & Tragedy in History 2019 National History Day Theme Tennessee History Topics Topic Triumph Tragedy Triumph Wilma Rudolph Wilma Rudolph was born Rudolph over came the difficulties (1960) prematurely and suffered from of her childhood to win three gold several early childhood illnesses, medals in the 1960 Summer including pneumonia and scarlet Olympics in Rome. She became a fever, and contracted infantile role model for black and female paralysis (caused by the polio athletes and her Olympic successes virus) at the age of four. She helped elevate women's track and recovered from polio, but lost field in the United States. Rudolph strength in her left leg and foot. is also regarded as a civil rights and Physically disabled for much of her women's rights pioneer. early life, Rudolph wore a leg brace until she was eight years old. Kelly v. Board of De jure racial segregation of public Prominent black Nashville and Education: The schools prevented African NAACP attorneys filed a federal Desegregation of Americans from fully participating case against Nashville public Nashville Schools in civic life. schools to bring the city into (1955) compliance with the Brown v. Board of Education decision. In 1957, Judge William E. Miller ordered the Nashville School Board to desegregate its public schools. Ratification of the Women were denied the right to After several years of pro-suffrage 19th Amendment vote. campaigning, the Tennessee in Tennessee General Assembly ratified the (1920) Nineteenth Amendment in August 1920. Triumph & Tragedy in History 2019 National History Day Theme Tennessee History Topics Topic Triumph Tragedy Triumph The Coal Creek Coal Creek miners revolted against Publicity of the event forced the War coal mine owners and the state Tennessee General Assembly to (1891–92) government militia for allowing the later refuse to renew convict labor use of convict labor. contracts with private businesses in 1896. Tennessee Valley As part of the New Deal, Pres. Many families were displaced Authority Franklin Roosevelt authorized the through eminent domain. (1933) Tennessee Valley Authority Act to Archeological sites and entire construct dams to prevent flooding, towns were submerged. improve navigation, and created cheap electric power to the Tennessee Valley Basin. Ida B. Wells- In response to her investigative After leaving Tennessee, Wells- Barnett journalism on the lynchings of her Barenett continued her activism in (1862–1931) friends in 1892, white vigilantes Chicago. She was internationally destroyed the offices of her Free recognized as a civil rights leader. Speech and Headlight newspaper and forced her to flee Memphis. Memphis In response to reports that black Radical Republicans passed the Massacre soldiers killed several police Civil Rights Bill of 1866 and the (1866) officers, white racist mobs federal government forced violently attacked freedmen’s Tennessee to ratify the Fourteenth settlements in a three-day pogrom. Amendment before readmission into the Union. Triumph & Tragedy in History 2019 National History Day Theme Tennessee History Topics Topic Triumph Tragedy Triumph Elizabethton Employees, primarily women, were Elizabethton rayon plant workers Textile Mill underpaid and worked in unsafe began a strike to challenge low Strike conditions. wages, unfair promotion practices, (1929) and petty regulations that applied only to women. President of rayon plant, Arthur Mothwurf, and labor representatives negotiated a compromise to increase wages, protect strikers against discrimination, lift injunctions, and recognize an in-plant grievance committee. Clinton School Although Clinton made several Outside agitators incited violence. Desegregation attempts to curb full integration of Crisis public schools, in 1956, Federal (1947–58) Judge Robert L. Taylor ordered the school board to end segregation by the fall term of 1956. In August, twelve African American students desegregated Clinton High School. Cades Cove and Between 1923 and 1940, the Some four thousand residents were the Great Smokey National Parks Service acquired forced to leave their homes. Mountains land east of the Mississippi River National Park to create the Great Smoky (1923–40) Mountains National Park. Triumph & Tragedy in History 2019 National History Day Theme Tennessee History Topics Topic Triumph Tragedy Triumph Z. Alexander On April 19, 1960, white In response, some 2500 activists Looby segregationists bombed the home marched downtown to confront (1899–1972) of Nashville civil rights attorney Z. Mayor Ben West who conceded Alexander Looby for defending that racial discrimination was black student activists participating morally wrong. By May of 1960, in sit-ins downtown. West had desegregated all downtown lunch counters. Cordell Hull This Tennessee born diplomat Hull was responsible for refusing (1871–1955) served the United States as entry to the SS St. Louis, a German Secretary of State under Franklin ocean liner carrying 936 Jews Delano Roosevelt. A staunch seeking asylum from Germany. proponent of free trade, Hull saw Hull's decision sent the Jews back free access to markets and raw to Europe on the eve of the Nazi materials as the key to world peace Holocaust. Many of the passengers and progress. Responsible for were ultimately murdered by the establishing the United Nations, Nazis. First Lady Eleanor Hull is most well known for his Roosevelt out-maneuvered Hull to work to establish a positive allow some refugees passage into relationship between the U.S. and the U.S. Latin America. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945. Casey Jones This legendary engineer hailed He was killed on April 30, 1900, (1863–1900) from Jackson, Tennessee and when his train collided with a quickly rose to his position through stalled freight train near Vaughan, his hard work and innovative skills. MS. His dramatic death while He was known for the creative trying to stop his train and save the invention of his own personal train lives of his passengers made him a whistle. Binding six thin tubes hero. together, he created a distinctive tone, that let others know when he was always coming. Triumph & Tragedy in History 2019 National History Day Theme Tennessee History Topics Topic Triumph Tragedy Triumph First Women’s Women lacked control over The First Women's Bank was a Bank of financial matters. financial institution created, Tennessee directed, and staffed entirely by (1919) women. Its opening produced a sensation, and deposits totaling twenty thousand dollars came in the first day. The bank was established at a time when women had recently experienced successes in their war efforts and in the temperance movement and were moving ever closer to gaining the vote. One Cent Savings African Americans lacked control Three distinguished leaders, Bank and Trust over financial matters. Richard H. Boyd, James C. Napier Company and Preston Taylor opened the (Citizens Savings doors of Citizens Bank on January Bank and Trust) 16, 1904 as the
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