LFACE WATER SUPPLY of the UNITED Statifis 1918 PART VI

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

LFACE WATER SUPPLY of the UNITED Statifis 1918 PART VI DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ALBERT B. FALL, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 476 LFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE UNITED STATifiS 1918 PART VI. MISSOURI RIVER BASIN t __ NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer W. A. LAMB and ROBERT FOLLANSBEE, District Engineers Prepared In cooperation with the k STATES OF COLORADO, MONTANA, AND WYOMING WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1921 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ALBERT B. FALL, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Water-Supply Paper 476 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE UNITED STATES 1918 PART YL MISSOURI RIYER BASIN NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer W. A. LAMB and ROBERT FOLLANSBEE, District Engineers Prepared in cooperation with the STATES OF COLORADO, MONTANA, AND WYOMING Water Rour^ Brand,; Survey WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1921 CONTENTS. Page. Authorization and scope of work............................................. 7 Definition of terms......................................................... 8 Explanation of data........................................................ 9 Accuracy of field data and computed results.................................. 10 Cooperation................................................................ 11 Division of work.......................................................... 12 Gaging-station records...................................................... 13 Missouri River proper............................................. J.... 13 Red Rock Creek below Red Rock reservoir, near Monida, Mont....... 13 Beaverhead River at Barratts, Mont................................ 15 Misspuri River at Fort Benton, Mont......... I...................... 16 Madison River basin.................................................... 18 Madison River near Yellowstone, Mont............................. 18 Prickly Pear Creek basin.............................................. 20 Teumile Creek near Rimini, Mont.................................. 20 Tenmile Creek near Helena, Mont.................................. 22 Little Prickly Pear Creek basin......................................... 24 Little Prickly Pear Creek near Marysville, Mont..................... 24 Little Prickly Pear Creek near Canyon Creek, Mont.................. 25 Sun River basin........................................................ 27 North Fork of Sun River near Augusta, Mont......................... 27 Sun River at Fort Shaw, Mont...................................... 28 Willow Creek near Aiigusta, Mont................................... 31 South Fork of Sun River at Augusta, Mont........................... 33 Marias River basin..................................................... 34 Two Medicine River near Glacier Park, Mont....................... 34 Two Medicine River at Family, Mont................................ 36 Marias River near Shelby, Mont..................................... 38 Badger Creek near Family, Mont.................................... 40 Birch Creek at Swift dam, near Dupuyer, Mont...................... 41 Birch Creek near Dupuyer, Mont.................................... 44 Dupuyer Creek near Yalier, Mont.................................. 45 Cut Bank Creek near Browning, Mont.............................. 48 Cut Bank Creek at Cut Bank, Mont.................................. 49 Teton River at Strabane, Mont..................................... 51 Teton River near Chouteau, Mont.................................. 52 Spring Creek near Strabane, Mont................................... 54 Spring Creek near Chouteau, Mont.................................. 55 Deep Creek near Chouteau, Mont. .^............................... 57 Muddy Creek near Bynum, Mont.................................. 59 Blackleaf Creek near Bynum, Mont.................................. 61 Musselshell River basin................................................ 63 Musselshell River at Harlowton, Mont............................... 63 Flatwillow Creek near Flatwillow, Mont............................ 65 Milk River basin...................................................... 66 South Fork of Milk River near international boundary................ 66 Milk River at eastern crossing of international boundary............. 69 3 4 CONTENDS. Gaging-station records Continued. ' Milk River basin Continued. Page. Milk River at Havre, Mont......................................... 71 Milk River at Malta, Mont.......................................... 73 Milk River near Vandalia, Mont.................................... 75 North Fork of Milk River near Browning, Mont...................... 77 North Fork of Milk River n'ear international boundary................ 77 Big Sandy Creek near Laredo, Mont................................ 80 Beaver Creek near Havre, Mont..................................... 81 Little Boxelder Creek near Havre, Mont............................ 82 Clear Creek near Bearpaw, Mont...........'......................... 83 Fort Belknap canal near Chinook, Mont.............................. 84 Lodge Creek at international boundary.............................. 86 Battle Creek at international boundary............................. ^ 88 Battle Creek near Chinook, Mont................................... 90 Cook canal near Chinook, Mont...................................... 91 Matheson canal near Chinook, Mont................................ 92 Paradise canal near Chinook, Mont.................................. 94 Harlem canal near Zurich, Mont.................................... 95 Agency ditch near Harlem, Mont.................................... 96 Peoples Creek near Dodson, Mont.................................. 97 Frenchman River at international boundary......................... 98 Beaver Creek near Malta, Mont...................................... 100 Beaver Creek near Bowdoin, Mont........................^.......... 101 Beaver Creek near Hinsdale, Mont.................................. 102 Rock Creek near Hinsdale, Mont..................................... 104 Rock Creek canal near Hinsdale, Mont............................... 106 Porcupine Creek at Nashua, Mont.................................. 107 Little Porcupine Creek basin........................................... 109 Little Porcupine Creek at Frazer, Mont.............................. 109 Poplar River basiu.................................................... 110 Poplar River near Poplar, Mont.................................... 110 Big Muddy Creek basin.... i........................................... 112 Big Muddy Creek near Culbertson, Mont............................. 112 Wolf Creek near Medicine Lake, Mont.............................. 113 Smoke Creek near Poplar, Mont..................................... 115 Yellowstone River basin............................................... 116 Yellowstone River near Canyon Hotel, Yellowstone National Park, a... 116 Yellowstone River at Corwin Springo, Mont......................... 117 Yellowstone River at Intake, Mont.................................. 119 Big Timber Creek near Big Timber, Mont............................ 121 Sweetgrass Creek above Melville, Mont....... ^..................... 123 Sweetgrass Creek below Melville, Mont............................. 125 Pryor Creek at Coburn, Mont........................................ 126 Wind River at Riverton, Wyo...................................... 128 Big Horn River at Thermopolis, Wyo............................... 129 Big Horn River near Hardin, Mont.................................. 131 Dinwoody Creek near Lenore, Wyo,.................................. 133 Bull Lake Creek near Lenore, Wyo.................................. 134 Popo Agie River below Arapahoe, Wyo............................. 135 Middle Fork of Popo Agie River near Lander, Wyo..................... 137 Little Wind River above Arapahoe, Wyo............................. 138 No Wood Creek at Bonanza, Wyo-.......-_........................... 139 Tensleep Creek near Tensleep, Wyo...... ............................ 141 CONTENTS. 5 Gaging-station records Continued. Yellowstone River basin Continued. Page. Paintrock Creek near Bonanza, Wyo................................. 142 Shell Creek at Shell, Wyo........................................... 144 Shoshone River near Ishawooa, Wyo................................ 146 Soap Creek near St. Xavier, Mont.................................. 148 Rottengrass Creek near St. Xavier, Mont............................. 149 Little Horn River near Wyola, Mont................................ 151 Little Horn River near Crow Agency, Mont............................ 153 Lodgegrass Creek at Lodgegrass, Mont................................ 154 Powder River near Arvada, Wyo................................... 156 Clear Creek near Buffalo, Wyo..................................... 158 Clear Creek near Arvada, Wyo..................................... 160 Piney Creek at TJcross, Wyo.........................v................. 161 Little Missouri River basin.............................................. 163 Little Missouri River near Alzada, Mont............................. 163 Knife River basin..................................................... 164 Knife River near Broncho. N. Dak................................. 164 Heart River basin..................................................... 166 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak.............................. 166 Cannonball River basin................................................. 168 Cannonball River at Stevenson, N. Dak............................
Recommended publications
  • Battle of the Somme
    Battle of the Somme The Battle of the Somme took place during the First World War in France by the River Somme. It was between the German army and the French army. The British Army was ordered to help the French. It began on 1st July 1916 and ended on 18th November 1916. Trenches During WWI, huge trenches were dug into the ground wherever there was a battle. The soldiers would live in the trenches and, when ordered to, had to climb up out of the trenches and run towards the enemy troops. This was called ‘going over the top’. Trenches were muddy, narrow and damp. The British Plan The British Army were told to fire machine guns at the German lines and then walk over to them and fight them face to face. On Day 1 the British Army fired 1 738 000 shells at the German trenches. Then they started walking over to them. As the British soldiers walked towards them, the Germans started firing their machine guns. 20 000 men were either killed or seriously wounded! Many people in Britain were angry at the huge loss of so many young men and called it ‘The Lost Generation’. Back in Britain, people began to build simple war shrines in honour of the fallen soldiers. These were simple, wooden, handmade tablets with the names of the men carved into them. Battle of the Somme Did you know? The British Army had soldiers from other countries fighting with them. The men came from Ireland, Newfoundland, South Africa and India. The End of the War Winter was closing in.
    [Show full text]
  • EARLY DAYS in the FOREST SERVICE Volume 2
    EARLY DAYS IN THE FOREST SERVICE Volume 2 Compiled and Edited by Jessie Thompson 1955 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE Northern Region Missoula, Montana TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover Cover Photo: Northern Region Fire Warehouse, 240 West Pine, Missoula, Montana, about 1922. Stories By: JACK CLACK (Retired 1933) "A Trip Down the Flathead" JACK CLACK "Battle of Belton" CLYDE P. FICKES (Retired 1948) "Forest Ranger, 1907" LEON C. HURTT (Retired 1951) "Transportation, Then and Now" DAVID LAKE (Retired 1940) "Early Day Experiences" DAVID LAKE "The Snowy Mountain Fire of 1900" ROY A. PHILLIPS (Retired 1951) "Recollections" G.I. PORTER (Retired 1942) "The Major and the Miner" G.I. PORTER "The Ranger's Wife" G.I. PORTER "Reminiscences of G.I. Porter" CHARLIE E. POWELL (Retired 1955) "Recollections" THEODORE SHOEMAKER (Retired 1938) "Fighting Forest Fires -- Then and Now" THEODORE SHOEMAKER "Memories" K.D. SWAN (Retired 1941) "Musselshell Reminiscences" RYLE TEED (Retired 1952) "Reminiscences of Early Days In The Forest Service" C.S. WEBB (Retired 1914) "Some Incidents Occuring During My Employment With The U.S. Forest Service, 1913- 1949" WALLACE W. WEBER (Retired 1949) "Rafting the Flathead" WILLIAM G. WEIGLE "Reminisces" Index (omitted from the online edition) LIST OF FIGURES 1. Jack Clack, center, then deputy supervisor of Flathead National Forest, 1915, on the trail up the South Fork of the Flathead River in Montana. 2. First Prefire Ranger Meeting, Bitterroot-Idaho National Forest, 1907. Major Frank Fenn, Supervisor. 3. Old Store Building, 1927, Diamond City, Montana, Confederate Gulch. Helena National Forest. 4. Libby-Troy Road in Montana, 1915, Kootenai National Forest.
    [Show full text]
  • Métis Cultural Recovery Oral History Project—Bibliography
    Métis Cultural Recovery Oral History Project—Bibliography This bibliography includes oral histories from the Montana Historical Society’s Métis Cultural Recovery Oral History Project. Where possible, audio format is noted. The collection is divided between oral histories that have been transcribed and those that have not. Where possible, length of typed transcription is noted. ___________________________________________________________________________ Transcribed: Alice Gleason and Ripley Hugo interview, 1995. Métis Cultural Recovery Oral History Project (OH 1906). Montana Historical Society Archives. Audio tape(s). 25-page transcript. Alice Gleason was born in Muscatine, Iowa, in 1905, the daughter of Joe and Maggie Rosenfelt. The family moved to Choteau from Billings, Montana, in the 1930s. She talks about dances; prejudice against the Métis; Indian children being sent to boarding school at Holy Family Mission; teaching at the Kalma and Bellview schools; early history of the Métis in Montana; and Matt Hansen’s research. Carolyn Harsh interview, 1994. Métis Cultural Recovery Oral History Project (OH 1909). Montana Historical Society Archives. No tape. Transcribed from shorthand, 5 pages. Carolyn Peterson Harsh was born in Farmington, Montana, the daughter of Sheriff Albert Oliver Peterson and his wife, Sophie. She speaks of the dances at Twin Lakes, west of Choteau, and other parties; her father’s homestead and trapping; and her childhood. Catherine Belgarde interview, 1980. Métis Cultural Recovery Oral History Project (OH 1894). Montana Historical Society Archives. Audio tape(s). 35-page transcript. In this interview Catherine Belgarde discusses her early childhood in Edmonton; moving to Lewistown, Montana; washing clothes and dishes as a young women in a mining town named Giltridge; her two marriages (both men died); her work at the Boulder School and Hospital; her parents meeting; her stay at the St.
    [Show full text]
  • Focus on Genetics Important Plant 2016 Plant Conservation Conference Areas for Montana by Peter Lesica, Clark Fork Chapter by Peter Lesica, Clark Fork Chapter
    Volume 29 No. 3 | Spring 2016 elseyaNewsletter of the Montana Native Plant Society Kelseya uniflora K ill. by Bonnie Heidel Approved: Two More Focus on Genetics Important Plant 2016 Plant Conservation Conference Areas for Montana By Peter Lesica, Clark Fork Chapter By Peter Lesica, Clark Fork Chapter he Montana Native Plant Society, along with the U.S. Forest Service, the MONTANA NOW HAS TWO NEW University of Montana Division of Biological Sciences, the Montana Natural IMPORTANT PLANT AREAS (IPAs), THeritage Program and the Natural Resources Conservation Service, hosted the approved during the February Plant Ninth Montana Plant Conservation Conference at the University of Montana in mid- Conservation Conference, bringing the February. More than 100 people attended, about half being MNPS members. total number of state IPAs to nine. Both The first day was dedicated to learning about population genetics and how new locales are in the southwest part of our molecular-based methods can help inform plant conservation. The three talks in the state — one is above treeline and the morning were conceptual in nature. Fred Allendorf from UM provided a refresher course other in a valley bottom. Descriptions on population genetics that helped provide a context for later talks. Loreen Allphin from of the new new IPAs, as well as of the Brigham Young University followed Fred, focusing on the importance of genetic variation previously approved sites, can be found to rare plant conservation and how using on the Montana Native Plant Society molecular markers can inform these efforts. new molecular-based website (http://www.mtnativeplants.org/ Matt Lavin from MSU ended the morning methods can help inform Important_Plant_Areas).
    [Show full text]
  • SURFACE WATER SUPPLY of HAWAII
    UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HAROLD L. ICKES, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. C. MENDENHAH, Director Water-Supply Paper 755 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY of HAWAII JULY 1, 1932, ^Jf NE 30, 1933 & * * r"?> \°. oo, -Cy< NATHAN C. GROVER, Cf HVdrajjlic Engineer MAX H. CARSON, D%Jct Prepared in cooperati^ \v$th t] TERRITORY OF U* 0' V £. C*; 1o & *1?t'-% £ -o ^ ^> "O /W^if^^^Wi * ^ r^ & * ^ . ' *-*<) ^r* ^>/ <) w -** ^S,/*^fe.J_j,,^sg^^^ . 0 90 o^ -o \i ^> ^P p» 0 ^L ^ *^*°-?* ® o -o <* . <z>c/5 <*^ "frVr^ c.- -* ° 05 V^O UNITED STATES -^ c*?. * GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE <"U "j!~ WASHINGTON : 1935 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. - - - Price 10 cents (Paper cover) CONTENTS Authority for investigations________________-_..___-__________-_-_--_ 1 Cooperation. _ ____________________________________________________ 2 Cooperation with the Territory of Hawaii____________________-___ 2 Other cooperation.____________________________________________ 3 Scope of work____________________________________________________ 4 Definition of terms__^____________________________________________ 4 Explanation of data___________________..______________________----_ 5 Accuracy of field data and computed results__________________________ 6 Division of work______________________..___________________________ 6 Publications. _____________________________________________________ 7 Gaging-station records____________________________________________ 8 Island of Kauai___________________________________-___-__----- 8 Waimea River below Kekaha
    [Show full text]
  • Surface. Water Supply of the United States 1919-1920 Part Vi
    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUBERT WORK, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Water-Supply Paper 506 SURFACE. WATER SUPPLY OF THE UNITED STATES 1919-1920 PART VI. MISSOURI RIVER BASIN NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer W. A. IAMB, ROBERT FOLLANSBEE, W. G. HOYT, and R. C. RICE District Engineers Prepared in cooperation with the STATES OF MONTANA, WYOMING, IOWA, COLORADO, AND KANSAS WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE 1923 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS ,,.;. ,..:. .. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE ' 'WASHINGTON, D. C. - .:: - :> -AT 35 CENTS PER COPY PURCHASER AGREES NOT TO RESELL OR DISTRIBUTE THIS COPY FOR PROFIT. PUB. RES. 57, APPROVED MAY 11, 1922 CONTENTS. Page. Authorization and scope of work...................".....................-.. 9 Definition of terms......................................................... 10 Explanation of data........................................................ H Accuracy of field data and computed results................................ 12 Cooperation.............................................................. 13- Division of work.......................................................... 15 Gaging-station records...................................................... 16 Missouri River proper.................................................. 16 Beaverhead River at Barratts, Mont................................ 16 Jefferson River near Silverstar, Mont............................... 18 Missouri River at Fort
    [Show full text]
  • EIS Fairfield to Dupuyer
    STPP 3-2(27)28; CN 4051 Final Environmental Impact Statement EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This document presents the results of the Corridor Study conducted for the portion of U.S. Highway 89 (US 89) from Fairfield, in Teton County, to Dupuyer, in Pondera County. This document was prepared in conformance with the Montana Environmental Policy Act (MEPA) and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requirements, and contains the information required for an Environmental Impact Statement. This document identifies potential social, economic, and environmental impacts that would result from the proposed reconstruction, widening, and realignment of US 89 in this corridor. Mitigation measures to address potential adverse impacts are also identified. Proposed Action MDT is proposing to reconstruct, widen, and realign US 89 from approximately 5.8 km (3.6 mi) north of Fairfield (approximately 32 km (20± mi.) west-northwest of Great Falls) to a location approximately 0.6 km (0.4 mi) south of Dupuyer, for a total length of approximately 74.3 km (46.2 mi). Existing bridges, culverts, and stockpasses would be replaced, and new right-of-way will be required throughout the corridor. The Preferred Alternative would provide a 10.8 m (36 ft) paved width to include two 3.6 m (12 ft) driving lanes, and 1.8 m (6.0 ft) shoulders. Purpose and Need MDT has identified the US 89 corridor for improvements generally due to its outdated design, including inadequate passing opportunities, narrow shoulders, sharp curves, and poor operations due to the mix of recreational vehicles, trucks, and passenger vehicles. Another factor in its identification for improvements is the corridor’s attractiveness as a recreational route.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Record of Decision: NCDE Grizzly Bear Forest Amendment
    United States Department of Agriculture Record of Decision for the Forest Plan Amendments to Incorporate Habitat Management Direction for the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem Grizzly Bear Population Helena-Lewis and Clark National Forest, Kootenai National Forest, Lolo National Forest Forest Service Northern Region December 2018 Cover photo credit: Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Record of Decision for the Forest Plan Amendments to Incorporate Relevant Direction from the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem Draft Grizzly Bear Conservation Strategy Helena-Lewis and Clark, Kootenai, and Lolo National Forests Lead Agency: USDA Forest Service Responsible Officials: William Avey, Forest Supervisor Helena-Lewis and Clark National Forests 2880 Skyway Drive Helena, MT 59602 telephone: 406-449-5201 Chad Benson, Acting Forest Supervisor Kootenai National Forest 31374 U.S. Highway 2 Libby, MT 59923-3022 telephone: 406-293-6211 Joe Alexander, Acting Forest Supervisor Lolo National Forest 24 Fort Missoula Road Missoula MT 59803 telephone 406-329-3750 i In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident.
    [Show full text]
  • Nutcracker Notes Cyndi Smith, Interim Director Canmore, Alberta FOUNDATION NEWS Robert Keane, Interim Associate Director Interim Director’S Message
    Issue No. 34: Spring 2018 nutcrackerJournal of the Whitebark Pine Ecosystem notes Foundation September 20-22, 2018 Community Center, Stanley, Idaho Litterfall in Whitebark Pine Forests after Mountain Pine Beetle Limber Pine Monitoring along Photo courtesy of Rob Mutch Ecosystem Photography Montana’s Rocky Mountain Front By Dave Hanna, The Nature Conservancy The limber pine trees at the grassland ecotone are also cultural On the Rocky Mountain Front along the eastern edge of the features on the landscape. Many of the individual limber pines Crown of the Continent, limber pine occurs from lower to upper are centuries old, and were shaped by native peoples managing treeline. At lower treeline, along the ecotone with the grasslands fire and buffalo. These forests are also important for an array of of the Great Plains, these limber pine forests occur along the wildlife, including wintering elk and deer, grizzly bears, cavity ecological margin, in a mixed grassland, savanna, and woodland nesting birds and, of course, Clark’s nutcrackers. matrix. LIMBER continued on page 4 OUR MISSION The Whitebark Pine Ecosystem Foundation is a science-based nonprofit organization dedicated to counteracting the decline of whitebark pine and enhancing knowledge of its ecosystems. BOARD Inside Nutcracker Notes Cyndi Smith, Interim Director Canmore, Alberta FOUNDATION NEWS Robert Keane, Interim Associate Director Interim Director’s Message............................................................................2 Missoula, Montana Canada Director’s News................................................................................3
    [Show full text]
  • Yorkshire and the First Day of the Somme
    This is a repository copy of Yorkshire and the First Day of the Somme. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/99480/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Spiers, EM (2016) Yorkshire and the First Day of the Somme. Northern History, 53 (2). pp. 249-266. ISSN 0078-172X https://doi.org/10.1080/0078172X.2016.1195601 © 2016, University of Leeds. This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Northern History on Sep 2016, available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0078172X.2016.1195601. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ 1 YORKSHIRE AND THE FIRST DAY OF THE SOMME EDWARD M.
    [Show full text]
  • Oil and Gas Geology of the Birch Creek-Sun River Area, Northwestern Montana
    OIL AND GAS GEOLOGY OF THE BIRCH CREEK-SUN RIVER AREA, NORTHWESTERN MONTANA. By EUGENE STEBINGER. INTRODUCTION. The area described in this paper lies adjacent to the front range of the Rocky Mountains in northwestern Montana and is part of a large region in the northern Great Plains of the United States and Canada which seems to deserve consideration as prospective territory for oil and gas development. The thick bodies of Upper Cretaceous shale, the sands of which have yielded the greater part of the oil produced in Wyoming and Colorado and large quantities of gas in Alberta, underlie much of this region, in many places at depths that can be reached by the drill. The outcrops of .these Cretaceous forma­ tions afford unquestionable evidence of being petroliferous, so that drilling in places of favorable structure, .such as on well-developed domes or anticlines, seems to offer a reasonable chance of success. It is certain that the plains of northwestern Montana can not be classed as barren of oil until a considerable number of the favorable lo­ calities have been carefully drilled. Random drilling regardless of the lay of the rocks, such as has been undertaken up to the present time, has been uniformly unsuccessful. Moreover, even though the region as a whole should eventually prove to contain fair amounts of oil, the area actually underlain by commercial pools might comprise much less than 1 per cent of the total area underlain by the Cretaceous formations, so that the chances of success by random locations are very slight. Predictions of oil pools from a formation some hundreds of miles beyond localities where it has already proved productive, on the basis of identical geologic age and kind of rock and un­ doubted indications that it is petroliferous, have often proved unwarranted in the Rocky Mountain region, especially in parts of southern Wyoming and western Colorado, and also in other parts of the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Canadian Artillery During the Battle of the Somme, September-November 1916
    Canadian Military History Volume 26 Issue 2 Article 4 2017 “Our Artillery Would Smash It All Up:” Canadian Artillery During the Battle of the Somme, September-November 1916 Brendan Hogan Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/cmh Part of the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Hogan, Brendan "“Our Artillery Would Smash It All Up:” Canadian Artillery During the Battle of the Somme, September-November 1916." Canadian Military History 26, 2 (2017) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Canadian Military History by an authorized editor of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hogan: Our Artillery Would Smash It All Up “Our Artillery Would Smash It All Up” Canadian Artillery During the Battle of the Somme, September-November 1916 BRENDAN HOGAN Abstract : The historiography of the First World War has produced no recent comprehensive study of the Canadian artillery, despite its importance on the battlefield. This article seeks to explain how Canadian artillery evolved on the Somme. The central conclusions of this article are that the Canadian artillery’s performance during the battle was mixed, and that a number of technological, tactical, and organizational changes, not all of them Canadian, in the Canadian Corps that we recognize from the artillery of 1917-1918 were developed during, or as a result of, the Somme. ESCRIBING the disastrous attack on Regina Trench on 25 October D1916, Private J. Robinson of the 44th (Manitoba) Battalion Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) noted: [W]e were supposed to go over [the top] in the morning and we were told that this trench, we were told that our artillery would smash it all up and we got going over the top in the morning and there was nothing, you see, and they start falling around me like wheat and I lay in a shell hole all of one day with another fellow….
    [Show full text]