A new approach in cross-domain collaborative research

Paolo Diviacco, Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale , Trieste (ITALY), [email protected]

Peter Fox, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy , NY (USA), [email protected]

Alessandro Busato, Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale , Trieste (ITALY), [email protected]

Develop new ideas

Share data .... The single researchers does not filter measurement and vision Traditional vision of Science Unbiased Share Knowledge ... Objective Theory Example 1 RDF converted to graph to link to a web resource Objectivity commonly is intended as something that does not depend on experience Reasoning .... Reproducible Quantitative http://snap.ogs.trieste.it Verification Induction-deduction loop Set experiment

Cannot identify a posteriori factors Complex systems Difficulties in replicating experiments Factors intermingle Experiments Measurement Objectivity can be explained as "not just from someone's point of vieww Correlation does not mean causation Low number of cases Convergence of a community portrait observation Epistemic Objectivity Sets of claims or judgments which truth values are not determined privately Difficult to find analogies

Subjectivity is private and objectivity is public

Information and knowledge in different contexts will mean something different. How can we bridge the gaps between the different paradigms? Abduction: Where the resulting state of affairs and the law is known, while the controlling state of affairs is sought. It is good to explore a context which is Knowledge has to be explicit Knowledge is referenced trough labels FORMALIZATION REPRESENTATION uncertain in order to come up with new ideas, but Bridge conceptualization cannot produce definitive conclusions (Pierce 1932) Tool: RDF, Ontologies tools: Graphs, maps, models

Abduction allow multiple points of view to co- exist Scientists live within paradigms: a theoretical or data DATA philosophical framework, a tradition or school that condition their way of thinking. (Kuhn, 1962) GRAPH Example 2: Using FOAF to link to web resources

Scientific collaborative work Extension

Group researchers Develop new ideas Share data Share Knowledge DATA extension. understood differently, by the different communities. This is the idea behind the theory of "boundary objects" (Star and Griesemer, 1989). Only once we have defined the set of These are artifacts that are weakly structured in mailto:[email protected] Tribes tend to evolve separately (Speciation) common use while strongly structured in properties of a concept "A" can we realize if http://snap.ogs.trieste.it/cache/octopus.jsp?q=B-403 SeisLine developing different features, cognitive models and an entity is A individual use. rdf:type practices. Soon, these differences creates a form of https://www.researchgate.net/profile/P_Diviacco incommensurability that complicates understanding Putnam(1975) highlighted that a change in foaf:mbox foaf:publications between researchers. the intension (due for example to different Graphs can have certain flexibility but it is difficult dc11:identifier paradigm or context) will produce a different to change their structure later (merging is trivial They do not share the same meaning of the same extension while splitting nodes cannot handle automately dc11:creator Paolo Diviacco concept. For example there is a difference between the what is contained) seismic line B-403 http://snap.ogs.trieste.it/ meaning of the term layer in geology and geophysiscs, Tacit knowledge is knowledge that cannot be foaf:homepage while the two communities use it in a relaxed way. foaf:name made explicit because obscured or dc11:title embedded in practices or tools (Polanyi, rdf:type Conceptualizations then depend on the context dc11:subject 1966) "We know more than we can tell" Paolo Diviacco dc11:date seismic line B-403 We propose to use the two approaches at the same time dc11:publisher http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/GS8/current/SRFL/ in order to take advantages of their positive aspects 2016-03-12

OGS Since scientific research is moved now from logic to the sociologic, becoming a "social contruct" (Latour and Woolgar, 1979) we need to consider communication 2011-01-28 12:26:26.0 Seismic reflection

The elucidation of geological structure by quantifying the proportion of waves from a high energy source reflected by sub-surface layers. SeisRefl skos:prefLabel dc:date

skos:altLabel skos:definition

http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/GS8/current/SRFL/ rdf:type

dc11:identifier skos:notation Graph nodes dc:identifier void:inDataset http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept

SDN:GS8::SRFL skos:note

owl:deprecated http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/.well-known/void owl:versionInfo Example 3: Using FOAF and to link to web resources; controlled vocabularies (NERC) are accepted false included and graphically rendered 1