Bretby Conservation Area

Character Statement

2010 CONSULTATION DRAFT

SOUTH DERBYSHIRE DISTRICT COUNCIL LullingtonBretby Conservation Area Character Statement

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Contents

Conservation Area Loss of Landscape Feature of LossLandscape Loss of Building Detail Detail of LossBuilding Development New Historic Landscape Landscape Historic Details and Materials Building Historic Buildings Buildings Historic Historic Development Development Historic Approaches Views

• Map Area Conservation • • • • LossDamage & • • • Conservation Area Analysis Analysis Area Conservation • Introduction Introduction Summary Appendix Distinctive architectural details architectural Distinctive Appendix Area of Archaeological Potential Potential of AreaArchaeological Bretby LullingtonBretby ConservationConservation AreaArea CharacterCharacter StatementStatement judgements on the merits of development applications. themeritsdevelopment judgementsonof important views within a historic 17 historic a within views important by and setting landscape its by largely defined is area conservation Bretby of character The Summary on Council District Derbyshire South 1976. 27thMay future by designated was for Area Conservation Bretby opportunities professional The making thus when and Council the interest by special used be that will to document This damage enhancement. of degree assesses also It the protection. of worthy Bretby of appearance and character the makes that interest architectural and historic special the out sets It Council. District Derbyshire South with, association in and for, Conservation Morris Mel by produced been has statement This Introduction destruction, generations of neglect and some later layers of 19 of layers later some and although neglect of generations destruction, deliberate Chatsworth,of effects cumulative the with to due years par the over lost a been has detail on the of much Derbyshire, within landscapes designed largest the of one was This gardens). and parks of register Heritage English the on II grade listed (now parkland historic larger much a of fragment small a only incorporates area conservation The more are spacious verges. character, in wide withopen village the within roads the lanes, leafy narrow along are approaches the Whilst and payments. kerbs of absence the and hedgerows full planting, tree rich by strengthened character To the east of the castle, the village developed and is now largely composed of early 19 early of composed largely now is and developed village the castle, the of east the To Monument). Ancient of Scheduled (a site castle historic an core its at has Bretby of village Earls The second and first the by created were They park thefinestthecountry. in among today. appreciate to and difficult therefore is gardens 1702 and 1639 the between Chesterfield of quality and scale view, public from hidden well are Bretby of to difficult and interpret. inaccessible parts earliest the history, rich its of spite In morehamlet chapel,much usually twoa schools a than would require. ithad and patron, is wealthy Bretby its and importance of historic its of because village this, Despite original hamlet. a than the more hardly parish), the within (also Bretby as identified development the main road between Burton and Swadlincote (A511) runs through an area of 20 of area an through runs Swadlincote(A511) and betweenBurton road main the Although size. present its to years the over retreated has and larger, much once was village the that platforms building abandoned possible and ways hollow of form the in evidence is There structures. earlier of reconstructions substantial are few a although cottages, century Bretby Conservation Area Conservation

th and 19 and 1 1 th century parkland landscape. It has a rural rural a has It landscape. parkland century th century re-landscaping. The re-landscaping. century

th century th

LullingtonBretby Conservation Area Character Statement century hamlet of picturesque estate of picturesque estate hamlet century century Gothic country house with ancillary th th 2 century of the village. redevelopment th large areas of historic parkland landscape punctuate and the more conservation intimate area. open The spaces, one spaces, formal informal:and one which small intimate spaces form two structural two two distinct areas of different but complementary character, tied historic together links and shared by design principles their as buildings intended to be enjoyed as part of a widerlandscape: a landscape with picturesque qualities deliberately exploited by successive owners of the estate. The hilly location enables long undulating exchanges parts of the of conservation area. This view picturesque potential was between successfully the various realised in the early 19 cottages; and - Bretby Hall – a largely early 19 • buildings. the village - andGreen; the junction - of GreenThe and Lane.Watery • Bretby - early village19 – a largely An area of archaeological potential has been defined through an assessment of the known archaeological, documentary and plan-form evidence of the settlement. It has been carried out as part of the Archaeologist, review of the each Development conservation Control area Archaeologist Record County OfficerCouncil. at Derbyshire in and consultation the with Sites the County and Monuments An area of archaeological potential may encompass both statutory designations (including Scheduled Ancient Monuments and Registered Historic Parks and Gardens) and other non- statutory site information from the Derbyshire Sites and Monuments Record. It shows the probable extent of settlement and medieval periods. industrial activity during the medieval and/or post- The distinctive characteristics of Bretbycharacteristics distinctive The conservation area as follows: be summarised can • Areaof ArchaeologicalPotential LullingtonBretby ConservationConservation AreaArea CharacterCharacter StatementStatement probably 12 probably are origins actual Its earth. of mounds large and tussocks site grassy the of series and a be material to appears excavation deposited and earthworks the from out make to easy is bank outer massive this of None south).the to one and north the to (one a courts large 2 and inside ditch a with now is Monument) Ancient Scheduled (a Castle Bretby of site The meaningof“farm Danishname, origin. theBritons” isearlier of its although 1086, of Book Domesday the in was Bretby to reference recorded oldest The the Philosopher’sto theHallthe and from drive Wood. village entrance Green, The of side south-east the Lane, Watery of side south the by defined is which area. conservation the of part ofboundary the second Hall, the to parklandtheformer the of section a formis clusters two these Between buildings surrounding its and Hall Bretby 2. siteCastle. Bretby of theof east form linear a in running housing estate historic of hamlet a is village The 1. evolving now one each buildings, of clusters distinct two evolution intertwined:historically their completely although was independently has area conservation The Development Historic Analysis Area Conservation area. conservation the of boundary the with coincide necessarily not need potential archaeological of area an Consequently, shift. may focus their develop, and grow settlements as centuries, the Over that expectation ground. below reasonable be survive may periods may medieval post and/or there medieval the to relating potential evidence archaeological archaeological of area the Within ite oe s nw aot h hsoy f h original the of history completely been the theearlyperiod in a during 19 building ofobliterated have to about appear buildings early known as settlement is more Little of Countess the by built The Chesterfield. church, current church. was the it when with parish 1876 replaced until survived the chapel This chapel. to each for travel to services taken have would Priory Repton of Canons Augustinian having save to from worship could them parishioners where one was ease” of hamlets local “chapel A Priory. Repton eight by owned “chapel-of-ease” a had that of one was Bretby period medieval the In new a of construction park. his new in hall the for from materials its robbing licence begun have a to said is under Stanhope, Philip Segrave John by “crenellated” and owner, thenew when 1610 until occupied remained Itapparently 1301. in granted I Edward house manor fortified a into of the castle, would have required a Royal licence. Emparkment licence. Royal a required have would castle, the of south the to 1610, in Park Bretby of creation Stanhope’s Philip th century. It was not designed as a proper defensive castle, but was adapted adapted was but castle, defensive proper a as designed not was It century. 3 3 th century. Church TowerChurch LullingtonBretby Conservation Area Character Statement

th Earl of th century and again th century, but even this th 4 Earl of Caernarvon, to replace the old and probably th Earl of Chesterfield also made his mark on the village and th century stables (the site of which site now (the is occupiedCourt). bycentury Cedar stables th century fashion. Before this time, most effort tended to be gardens expended on and creating walled enclosed spaces or house. courtyards that had an intimate relationship with the The scale of the park in 1707 is (Knyff reflected and on Kip) an in engraving produced “Britannia by Illustrata”, two which engravings Dutchmen of was the largest a country estates in published England in series the early of 18 birds-eye view Chesterfield. Some time later, plans were developed by whichhouse, was eventually the 1830’s. and built between 1813 the Earl to build a replacement Around the same time, the 5 does not show the whole show not does park. Visitors and diarists of the time commented on the park and gardens provide a valuable into insight and its appearance. The lavish and lengthy aredescriptions almost these accounts overwhelming conceiveto today,and given difficult much ofso that what they saw has been removed. The Hall eventually fell out of use and was demolished in 1781 by the 5 during the two world wars. In spite of dominant characteristic of the conservation area. this, the richness of the tree planting remains a At the centre of this park Philip Stanhope built his new house, on elevated land. The house was largely complete by 1639. The precise appearance of the park and gardens at this time is not known, but it is likely that as a deer park it would have used the dramatic changes in level and rolling landscape to good advantage for viewing hunting parties. For this reason, mounts and outcrops were important at this time as viewing approximately points. 600 acres Its and originalits emparked size boundary appears was on early County maps. The next phase of its development is recorded documentation apparently in no longer survives. secondary The park was developed sources by the second Earl but, sadly, the original of Chesterfield from 1660 and he employed the French architect Louis Le Vau to develop his house and gardens. It is unlikely that distinguished before this the time that Bretby the great landscape, avenues, which would have been planted, as these are a late 17 original 17 the the park. He built many of the historic cottages that survive today and probably re-planted some of the tree clumps (his agent was very keen on forestry). The character of the village history. largelyits as we it todaysee belongs in period that to Bretby Mews (formerly a stableblock appears and on coach-house) the was second built edition circa OS another 1890, member map of the family, and the of 5 1900. first It is much altered. This was built by Eventually the estate was sold in 1915 and shortly after sold on to the County Council. In 1926 Bretby Hall and part of its grounds were opened bone and as spinal deformities. Over the Bretby next 30 years an Hospital, ad hoc assortment of specialising ugly buildings in was erected use. the hospital support to would have involved constructing a brushwood or perimeter timber fence of (or the “pale”) around area the boundaries. characterThe of deer was generally parks more frequently open than wooded, being enclosed, although trees comprising a and mixture hedgerows of grassy now flatlands or form been substantial losses “lawns” of trees at Bretby, particularly and theduring the late 18 tree-clothed banks. There have LullingtonBretby ConservationConservation AreaArea CharacterCharacter StatementStatement Views Views Approaches There are a number of important views in the conservation area that have changed little changed have that was firstthepark establishedthe1600s:since in area conservation the in views important of number a are There sharply turns it intoleftthevillage. before road the to edge strong a form farmhouse the of ends gable brick red double-pile the and wall stone coursed large the a Here Farm. is Home is hill the There the of At bottom east. the to trees. Mount Bretby mature called mound of distinctive large backdrop the of leafy glimpse occasional a by dominated is approach This village. the into down gradually drops and ridge the from diverts Bretby into road The south. the to landscape rolling the and north the to floodplain Trent the overlooking ridge the follows roughly road the and Solney Newton or Repton by approached is Bretby north the From generous broad a to thevillage broadverges.withgreen entrance wide forms with and out opens winding, it Road Mount and with junction the narrow reaches road the Lane, As hedgerows. Geary follows road the Burton From The towards pond. possiblya This for small-scalequarrying ofactivity, hasevidence Green. corner the around and Lane of Watery stretch of a side south junction, the this along of runs south woodland the To junction. next the at out opens but village the into sharply rises then road The direction. this from park the into views no are there that means This embankment. of strip narrow a in west north the to area conservation the of boundary the line to continue and Wood Philosopher’s of area the in dense are trees The road. the of side southern the overshadows which area, heavily conservation the the to to edge contrast wooded marked in is This north. the to field arable the of landmass rolling large the by dominated is Lane) Watery (along Hartshorne from Bretby into approach The all are Bretby into hedgerows. approachesinwinding routesbroad between character,following rural the cover, tree dense the and landscape rolling the Given some demolished stableblock isHome. now privateNursing and a timeearlier, century 17th the of site the on accommodation, nurses’ as 1938 in built was Court Cedar survives. that building era hospital only the is Court Cedar decades. previous the over back died slowly having 1954, in felled eventually was It Britain. in species its of tree surviving oldest the be to reputed was and past, the with link a providing 1781, in house the of demolition the survived It 1707. in published Bretby of engraving Knyff and Kip the in seen be can and house, century 17th the of courtyard a in point focal the formed once It 7. or 1676 in planted Cedar”, “Bretby the of site the on built was Court Carnarvon stone courses.and string Hayward Brownhill windows casement chamfered lintels, brick gauged include details architects regional typical The area. the in conservation buildings ancillary house country by other from reference Designedof points its takes it brick. Brown, orange was strong Hall a the and using blocks theatre and ward plan courtyard U-shaped a on hospital built was Court Carnarvon flats. into converted and repaired the replaced Row Carnarvon Park developer. a and by bought Court was and redundant become had hospital the 1997 By 5 5 LullingtonBretby Conservation Area Character Statement

th century, when at some th century picturesque movement placed much th 6 View of the Castle site from the church yard yard the church from site Castle of View the century Hall was the centrepiece of an axially designed landscape, with avenues th from the church looking north-west to Bretby to Mount north-west from churchthe looking of fromBretby site the churchyardthe to west Castle looking from the Village Green looking south across the shallow valleythe shallow across from Villagethe south the Park into looking Green century Hall to the site of Bretby Castle, of which much more must have survived at that parks the avenues were supplemented with further avenues, at Bretby the remains of avenues the were simply allowed to co-exist in approaches a to depleted the form new alongside Hall. later The early meandering 19 greater weight on the element of scenes surprise in and the landscape. discovery of Few new of views the picturesque qualities of the landscapeover. taken have original and avenues interesting and vistas are now clear, and the The large trees within the field remnants of lining a planted the avenue, which south continued all side the way of Hall. The surviving to trees running alongside the hedge the The are four large oaks and site several horse Green of the appear old Bretby to be chestnuts. lineThe of the avenue clearlyis on the first shown and second edition OS maps, the and has only been lost in recent years. There are also a number of horse chestnuts in the middle of the field that are probably the remnants of been this intended avenue. as a long This avenue appears creating to a have vista directly from the original site of the 17 The 17 • • In all three time cases has taken its toll - the of numbers trees has depleted and the ruins of the Castle have dwindled to grassy mounds, but these are nevertheless strategic views long-standing. of radiating out from the centre to far-off horizons. This created some long vistas (although probably limited in part by the undulating landform). During the 19 • LullingtonBretby ConservationConservation AreaArea CharacterCharacter StatementStatement time (standing remains were documented in the early 18 early the in documented were remains (standing time development and perhaps and approach early development toanother The Green. of pattern earlier an at hinting way, hollow a Ancient of remains Scheduled the the be to of appears part but Monument not is This side. one grassy on distinctive ditch and curving large deep a is a with church mound, the and area this views of outward east the the To are as park. the important, across are church the of views here From cross. wooden simple a by surmounted structure, modest a is pump village the over placed memorial war timber of octagonal Both small The wide. south. the very to is fields the verge across views the long enable Green factors these The Opposite street. main the of side north the on place taken has village the within development the of All area. conservation the of heart by dominated theis the and pointentering onvillage focal trees.is themain beech The Green large three and hedges tall by framed kerbs, no with space, green large a is Green The intention. design half-hipped are3 roofs likely there thatstand outanother – with gables and stacks. chimney Square The of views In half-hips intention. design picturesque brick deliberate abeen have to appears This decorative hips, the with – mingle shapes and together roof jostle which tiled bargeboards, various the by assisted picturesque of corner the from is roofscape the Green, The of side north the hill on roofs of cluster the towards Lane Watery the down south-west Looking views. interesting further creating church, the of level the and Green The between rises also ground The view. of exchanges importantare There hamlet. the of parts built two the Green, Theat buildings of group the and Square The at buildings of group Lane the between Watery views accentuatesof This junction Green. The the and at valley slight a into drops landform the village, the Within park from Bretby Village. Their size suggests that they may be a 19 a be may they that suggests size Their Village. Bretby from park the into drive access the of side east north the edges still chestnuts horse mature of line A publicmature from by embanked viewshedgerows. hidden islargely Castle now Bretby of site the but Hall, the from Castle ruinous the of views picturesque frame to intended been been clear views of the original 17 theoriginal of views clear been have would there Wood Philosopher’s of growth the before that likely is It east. south the to park the into views long are there road of length this along and Green Village the From glimpses occasional are there Mews Bretby longthetreesof toeastviews thenorthacrossthrough theTrentvalley. to adjacent drive approach the From 1890. circa Mews Bretby of construction the by interrupted was avenue The avenue. earlier the Viewstowards Villagethe fromGreen the east(left) andwest (right). th century house century The Green. from 7 7 th century). The avenue may have may avenue The century). th

century re-planting of re-planting century LullingtonBretby Conservation Area Character Statement

th th century, when th century the presence century, to create a th th century introductions into the th 8 century cottages. Although there are few common features, the buildings share th century farmhouse – raised coped gables and segmental arched windows. striking It of is the the most historic buildings dominant character in of the the unbroken two village, and three-storey brick largely and stone was recorded afarm The were modelthe street. c1800.farm buildings This as as developed because walls fronting of its location and an the important model farm group in buildings 1813 were (Farey), demolished in built 1969. in The east-facing hewn wall stone, incorporates existing coursed sandstone building on the site. a but section most of of a pre- the The principal stone building in the village sandstone is (walling the church. with This broken is built courses), century popular from trend is with uncharacteristic a of any other “snecked” different stonework in the village. tooled The stone finishes. an and colour.has beenbeds on uneven and laidhas now taken patina on different This late 19 The “cottage orné” characteristic. style These buildings buildings of may architect, have Bretby to been are designed whom by its several architecture William have Martin, sometimes most the adopted been distinctive Earl’s by attributed. landowners architectural The in the cottage early orné 19 was a style of they were recorded as a “Clump” on the 1767 Burdett County Map, but have had the a different significance Mount at an earlier may period. In the early 17 of of a mount within a landscape was more important as a viewing area for a which hunt to view and other high from points, and was probably not tree-covered at that time. The site of the original point. highest next was the Hall picturesque quality in movement their which estate started off villages. as building a design. It It sought to landscape transcend the ordinary movement was and create an but interesting and irregular developed moved composition into from of the buildings sphere the of in Picturesque their domesticshadow. These buildingsasymmetrical couldand in be plan. symmetrical both landscape setting, with strong contrasts of light and Buildings were placed according to how they would appear in being the landscape, rather strictly than related borrowed to from historic Gothick street buildings, such frontages. windows were as typically Elements made pointed in timber arches or using slender and glazing features tracery bars hood (seen to in create ecclesiastical were moulds. the masonry) or effect cast-iron Gothick of or often leaded diamond lattice casements. landscape. The trees on the Mount were clearly established by the mid 18 the the same historic design roots and relate to the stylistic movement known as cottage orné. The main exception to this is Home Farm, which has design characteristics of a late 18 Historic Buildings The village had a long history as a settlement but the current appearance is dominated by early 19 Bretby Mount, to the north of The Green, conservation area. lies on It high has a ground distinctive to landform, slightly the mounded far rising above field, north which the may surrounding be of partly manmade. the Its prominence in the past was increased fineby stand of a trees on the top, most felled since the 1970s. The Mount appears to have had a long history as part of the wider parkland landscape, although it is in fact outside the park boundary. would It been have visible from the old Hall before Philosopher’s Wood became established. Individual copses, clumps and plantations tend to be 18 LullingtonBretby ConservationConservation AreaArea CharacterCharacter StatementStatement A small group of cottages around The Square also developed in the early 19 early the in developed also Square The around cottages of group small A have replaced. been school girls’ the in an windows but original boys’ glazing, the Gothick The were incorporates stack. still Tudor which school a star- stacks, of interpretation and chimney wings shaped single-storey 2-storey roof, central a hipped i.e. school, common boys in the features with shares but use its historic of evidence tangible less has and rendered now is Green The of side other the on school Bretby Hall is itself also typical of the early 19 early the of typical also itself is Hall Bretby h mse. h by’ col a an has – 20 school School October “Bradby scholars boys’ of admission the for Opened reads The which inscription, master. the for schoolhouse a had also school boys’ The side. west the on girls for one later a and side The 5 The tolarger scale house. applieda on country thesameprinciples ofa n ep hmee srons cetd y sn bik st n sly ad hs were these and splay, a on a set during bargeboards decorative its bricks lost have to appears using Cottage Rose rendered. probably by created surrounds, chamfered deep in multi-paned recessed Thewindowsare appendix). –see survives example one (only casementwindows mullioned timber chamfered recessed distinctive the lost have cottages Both street the in variety stucco. or stone of possiblyband, raiseddeep a of detail picturesque commoneaves a is there and brick the moulded increases in shaped are windows floor which first and ground the over other, moulds drip The frontage. the of forward set been has cottage One extended. much been has Cottage Rose although right, the to wing small the than later and gable-front littlewith plan, L-shaped original an a have both They 1860). be(circa cottages other to appear Green, The on Cottage, Tree Yew and Cottage Rose in replaced been having eaves. thesheltered still remain under traces built; View first when externally limewashed Woodland probably were cottages and of pairs Both Hillside hardwood. stained to those windows, timber windows style dormer eyebrow has also Gothic original its retains Cottage Honeysuckle Only Cottage thatched. once was it that suggesting Honeysuckle cottages. other the on form distinctive a is there Cottage Honeysuckle plainer in rebuilt beenhave may which of brickwork, raised of strips similar with chimneystack case the In corner. each at the strips pilaster over moulds distinctive and hood roofs, half-hipped bricks, pots, projecting square-cut using spiked” windows floor ground “square buff-coloured with stack chimney similar a brickwork, central orange mellow same has the share They built. first pair) when identical virtually been semi-detached have Square.may a 1824, date The the bearing datestones on with both cottages, View of pairs (originally two Woodland these Indeed, and Hillside cottages Green of pair the The to details architectural on Cottage Honeysuckle prominent, in order to create a more to createa picturesque composition.order in prominent, more was its half-hip that so theroad, facethan rather east, tolook placed deliberately was Lea Fern that seems it but layout formal obvious no is There houses. two just into turned quickly were but cottages, more or three of terrace a as life started and have may Haven Haven Rose Glen called pair This origins. earlier had have to appears back the at row the th 1806”(pictured right). The former girls girls former The right). 1806”(pictured th Earl of Chesterfield built two schools on the village green, one for boys on the east the on boys for one green, village the on schools two built Chesterfield of Earl 9 9 th century Picturesque movement, with many with movement, Picturesque century

School sign1806School

th century but century LullingtonBretby Conservation Area Character Statement century Hall. The Hall is a handsome th 10 century incorporated avenues fanning out from th Earl of Chesterfield, who also carried out much of the th century Hall to the north. A brick 2-metre high wall encloses the rear of th century in origin and incorporates chamfered mullioned windows. Together with th century as a sequence of formal ponds and lakes to the west of the originalcentury the west of formal as a to and sequence ponds lakes Hall. These th the the Hall and a large number of small gardens, designed as compartments, and defined by a rigid structure of formal rows of trees (many clipped) and changes in level. It followed the formal of gardenFrench style at popular the time. Philosopher’s Wood occupies a large area at the south east perimeter of the conservation area. Watery Lane demarcates the current and historic park. The the tree canopy masks original a number of boundary significant changes of in level between the the registered drive to the Hall and Watery Lane. Philosopher’s Wood was originally laid out in the 17 late Keuper sandstone building with a strong corner and towers dramatic on roofline, the defined front by parapet. turrets with blindarch and framed is central doorway has aThe Gothic by narrow elevation, two with round a central projecting lancet bay windows. and a It castellated was Victorian revival), and incorporates some classical anelements of design (a largely symmetrical early experiment in frontage the to windows). classical sash andGeorgian proportions gothic architecture (before the great The views within the vicinity of Bretby Hall and the main public space are dominated by a large expanse of tarmac car park, which sits between Cedar Court Residential Home and the Hall. This level once area formed a forecourt between two ranges of buildings framing a view of the 17 rebuilding work in the village. He employed several architects; the first being James Wyatt and then after his death in 1813, Jeffry Wyatville (Wyatt’s nephew). He also used his own estate architect, William Martin, and this different of the design elements and of construction. phases has led to some confusion in attributing the The Hall was designed around a courtyard. The rear range of the house that faces west is early 17 the the Hall, preventing immediate views of the rear range of the building, although this is still visible from a distance. a matching range to the west (demolished),(visible in it the framed 1707 the engraving), and approach was to probably was the stabling retained or earlier following ancillary Hall the accommodation. demolition It of the 17 The original designed landscape of the 17 Historic Landscape previous re-roofing, although it retains its unusual central brick chimneystack strips of brickwork. with The combination raised of decorative bargeboards and render was especially popular the 1860s. in the area during Bretby Hall centrepiecethe forms of the other half of conservationthe area. overlooks It a large terraced lawn to the south east, and beyond the conservation area boundary, which follows the edge of the lawn, to a series of Long 6 distance views lakes across the or park fish-ponds are now in sadly obscured the by recentmiddle heavy distance. tree growth around the perimeter of the lawn. except This at principal a distance elevation from is a public not footpath. 1830’s. visible to The The Hall the patron was was public, built the between 5 1813 and the made use of the sloping topography fountains. to The create top pond was the circular but the multiple others were tiers straight-sided, one with of apsidal water ends, with features fountains and and water features. designed Some of by these water Grillet features were (a probably French designer who was also working at Chatsworth). He LullingtonBretby ConservationConservation AreaArea CharacterCharacter StatementStatement h oiia apoce o h 17 the to approaches original the of one is Road, Mount of bottom the at village, Bretby from Hall the to drive approach The is planting tree the dam the Below and richer. older much lakes. the of largest occasional and lowest the the and contained which wood the of dam, perimeter large a is end north-eastern the the At wood. the within oak edge and chestnut sweet mature which drive, entrance the of side north-east the lining chestnuts horse large the of exception the with woodland, dense young and now is It forgotten. largely and canopy wooded the under submerged was it 1880s y h lt 18 late the By their sweetchestnuts. standing few a and survive, chestnuts Spanish the of number a of stumps excite huge The supply. skeletal and the do spring-fed theoriginal from site the through tricklesstill water Some pipes. by underground as undergrowth, the connected in dams, or earthworks ramped persons by linked survive still island, the and ponds stillthe of remains level all in changes and by platforms The – be to so justly and – admired most is which that “… to ca.1700: in she visitedBretby hard very is it when although journal her in Fiennes engraving, Celia by described large magically 1707 was This a now. the scene this imagine in stood appears which this upon of island All small Perseus. a of of was statue lines lake by bottom framed very was the pond At each chestnuts. and sweet orangery or greenhouse long a was ponds these of side west the Along public. the to accessible not a are they but woodland, tangled was the of which people, on tricks play understorey the in survive landscape historic this of to Fragments time. the of device common water using effects special creating in specialised curiosity to come and see is the Gardens and Waterworks;…in one garden there are 3 3 are there garden one Waterworks;…in and Gardens the is see and come to curiosity fountaines wherein stands great statues, each side on their pedistalls is a Dial, one for the the for one Dial, a is pedistalls their on side each statues, great stands wherein fountaines sun, the other a Clock which by the water worke is moved and strikes the hours and and hours the strikes and moved is worke water the by which Clock a other the sun, chimes the quarters, and when they please play Lilibolaro on the Chymes…beyond this this Chymes…beyond the on Lilibolaro play please they when and quarters, the chimes Opposite Bretby Mews is a large brick wall behind which is the 19 the is which behind wall brick large a is Mews Bretby Opposite planting tree rich by dominated is oak andyew, chestnut.horse incorporating It Hall. the and village the between area conservation garden is a row of orange and lemon trees set in the ground….this has a penthouse over it it over penthouse a has ground….this the in set trees lemon and orange of row a is garden which is cover’d up very close in the winter; this leads on to a great wilderness….” wilderness….” great a to on leads this winter; the in close very up cover’d is which

Sadly many of the avenues and clumps of trees have sustained losses during the 20 the lossesduring sustainedhave treesof clumps avenues and theof many Sadly wall The there skirtingmeadows areopen brickwalls. the thedrive tall sideof area). conservation south the On the ivy. in covered largely of although feature, strong a boundary is and boundary the the defines (outside Hall the served that garden has This landscape. the more in under described “Views”. been detail at looking their when consideration in important an together is this clustered and buildings they how buildings, the of quality individual the orné as important as is landscape, wider the in and setting immediate cottage the of composition The is park the of landscaping conceived carefully the and being weakened. gradually replacement for plans no with th etr ti woe ra f aewrs a be dsate ad y the by and dismantled been had waterworks of area whole this century th century hall. The drive now defines the edge of the the of edge the defines now drive The hall. century 11 11 th century walled kitchen walled century th century LullingtonBretby Conservation Area Character Statement century appearance would suggest. Then, th century although like other local villages, there 12 th century was quite quite comprehensive. was century th chronologically there are several variations of ribbed and panelled brickwork found on the CottageGreen). buildings(The Rose at Square The and The earliest buildings appear to be late 18 are fragments of stone buildings that survive from earlier Square, Home buildings Farm, (Rose Hillgrove), Haven but these on are The few and far between reconstruction duringearly 19 the as the programme of With the exception of Bretby Hall and the Church, there is only one other stone building - the house south-east of the church, which has a stone-built ground floor. becauseproximitythe church.been of its to a deliberate choice This may have All of the village roofs are tiled, creating a roofs, uniform quality of such roofscape. Features of as the commonly half-hips, associated with thatched roofs deep than tiled ones. overhanging This may be the anroofs, eaves or indication at that least some and of them, were eyebrow once thatched. However, it dormers, is equally possible are more Building Materialsand Details Local geology and availability appearance of Bretby. The range of materials and the way in which they were used in local of building materials building details is directly intricately linked with influenced local identity. The the typical Appendix lists form the traditional special and and building of the local by supplemented photographs, providevernacular to details. snapshot a details encountered within the conservation area, Red brick now orangethe strongestmaterial. appearance the predominant is mellow is This and is characteristic within Bretby, but there is evidence that when the buildings were first the built brickwork was in many cases exposed limewashed as the and limewashing has the been discontinued orange and weathered colour away. Woodland has View and only Hillside become (a semi-detached pair on The eaves Square), and large share areas traces of of smooth limewash render under in Tree the Cottage the (on The blind Green) was also recessed part rendered until panels recently but its of precise original brickwork. Yew appearance is not recorded. In the case of Honeysuckle Cottage (on The Green) there are still traces of limewash visible under the eaves. moulds (raised mouldings Where designed the to windows throw water incorporate off hood the window), headed these are and all square the brick lintel abovecourse. historic alternativesThe used in the village are a pointed arch, created with rubbed the window frame is finished gauged bricks (The Schoolhouse and the first floor of Honeysuckle Cottage) or a square segmental with a soldier arch (Home Farmhouse). However, many of the original lintels have or (incorporating concrete).modernof steel construction methods been replaced using Where render does exist, it is generally not the original smooth lime finish, but a modern replacement, which is harsher in appearance (Rose Cottage, The Old Schoolhouse). Lea render. using ahas recently been rendered smooth Fern One of the most striking features of These the do village not is follow the any decorative vernacular brick tradition estate as a chimney device add to a picturesque quality the to buildings. There are several types. The but stacks. appear to have been adopted earliest is by the star-plan the chimney, found on the two former school buildings. such two alsostacks survive on the stone and rendered below house the church, suggesting Fragments of that it might have earlier origins than its late 19 LullingtonBretby ConservationConservation AreaArea CharacterCharacter StatementStatement joinery and replacement in modern materials - stained - materials modern in replacement and joinery Bretby Mews and Home Farm are both conversions of conversions both are Farm Home and Mews Bretby “estate” the for (seedetails). thevillage appendix of character affected has This uPVC. and hardwood window of loss the from suffered has village the years inrecentresult, a As listed. are3 only buildings, estate as identified positively be can that buildings 10 the Of Details Building of Loss thefuture. the of some reverse in mistakes same the avoid to and alterations to damaging authority planning the and hoped designers householders, is help will these It identifying that has character. this village diluted have the cumulatively where or instances individually either that losses or alterations suffered identify also can we area conservation the of character the defining In permission. byfor theneed planning achieved be could this as far so development, harmful further against safeguard a as place in put was designation The 1976. in area conservation the of designation the predate below described that waychanges undesirable the of some Bretby, a At character. special their strengthens and in reflects time over develop of should settlements face that rather the but prevented, in be should scene” local “cherished the conserve that development Itnot was intended World War. theSecond following change accelerated to need the of acknowledgement an as 1967, Act Amenities Civic the by introduced was areas conservation of concept The Damage and Loss orné”. 19 “cottage of later device The common a shade, and light between contrast the and dormers and roof the ofshape the heavyshadow,emphasising a create eavesoverhanging broad The the evoking quality, picturesque their for chosen a of by deliberately thatch. thatched without a appearance theregular roof maintenance required were details these that TheonGreen. Cottage Tree dense The cottages. the Yew and Cottage Roseto roughly-coursedsandstonewalls the is used isstone of where place only The front restricted. native quite in sometimes are cottages privet of mixed views that occasionally means hedges other also evergreen but with holly, hawthorn as such mainly species hedgerows, predominantly are Boundaries claytiles. as isto important preserve thesered aswell examples therarer colour, it so today, manufactured in being tiles clay blue Staffordshire fluctuations new the in found not subtle are which incorporate also 40-45 tiles of clay pitch roof blue a handmade have Original cottages degrees. the of Most material. the of requirement 45 a and degrees, 35 between vary tiles clay with associated pitches roof The 1777. in opened canal Mersey and Trent the after area the into imported easily were tiles clay blue Staffordshire eaves verges,bargeboards.exaggeratedthe with usescalloped and of overhanging th century cottages (e.g. Yew Tree Cottage on The Green) also had large large had also Green) The on Cottage Tree Yew (e.g. cottages century

13 13 original star-shapedoriginal chimney Thelowered ofremains an LullingtonBretby Conservation Area Character Statement 14 Fern Lea, The Square - stone walls with sharp-edged and snecked courses courses and snecked sharp-edged with walls stone - The Square Fern Lea, Adjacent to Bretby Hall is Cedar Court, a nurses’ home built in on views impose not does of the of the Hall,the setting a has negativeimpact althoughon it the mid 20th century. It historic grouping. It is a large block with two century style rather than the local vernacular, by but keeping courtyards, the roofline low the impact of designed in a typical mid 20th the building has been reduced. It is most village drive, as it prominent is located on higher on land behind a large enteringsweeping lawn, which emphasises the site by the its presence. Bretby More shrub planting near the drive would screen this block and enhance the conservation area. The detached house called Bretby Lodge was part of the Carnarvon Court development at Bretby Hall in the late 1990s. Unfortunately, because it stands detached the development, the front on it encroaches views andof the Hall. to from from the rest of New New Development There have been no new houses within the village part of the conservation area, except for residential conversions, since the early 19th small, century. some built as semi-detached The pairs in the cottage original orne style. Where estate these have been cottages were amalgamated into one house, the outward appearance there have has been some large not extensions of been individual properties, resulting in affected. the loss of However, the original, modest scale of the cottages (e.g. Rose Cottage on The Green, and the house to of the church). the south The boundary wall in front of dominant Fern Lea and (The Square), has that retains been treatment the in constructed this garden, rural is setting, in where quite coursed rubble stone “snecked” walls are boundary feature. the sawn traditional hard stone. This is an unfamiliar working estate buildings. They are peppered with new window and door has diluted the original the buildings. of agricultural character openings which LullingtonBretby ConservationConservation AreaArea CharacterCharacter StatementStatement There has been widespread loss of trees during the 20 the during trees of loss widespread been has There Features of Landscape Loss the remains of the planted avenue lining the access drive, and the vistas from the Hall to Hall the from vistas ontreeobscured growth young by arebeing theboundary. theha-ha thesouth-east over the and drive, access the lining avenue planted the of remains the obscured has Wood Philosopher’s and in trees small tree of growth the unmanaged example, for growth, by shrub obscured being are these of some survive do views designed the in the 19 the in as interest and of vistas points planted of all create ScotsPine, of clumps and cedars and yew individual include These cover. to as well loss used the clumps, tree to as led such devices, has landscape This and avenues boundary. area conservation the within planting th century to increase the picturesque quality of the landscape. By contrast, where contrast, By landscape. the of quality picturesque the increase to century 15 15 th century, with little evidence of re- of evidence little with century, This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery O!ce Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. South Derbyshire District Council. LA 100019461.2006

Conservation Area boundary Open spaces Principal views Architectural landmarks & focal points Listed buildings Other buildings which contribute positively to the special architectural or historic character Scheduled Monuments Parks & gardens on the English Heritage register Areas of high archaeological potential

The Mount

Castlefields

Wat Hillgrove ery Lane

een Gr

The Home Farm

0 250 500 Bretby Mews

metres

Carnarvon Court

uCedar CouCo rt

The Hall Bretby Conservation Area Desnateig d : 27th May 1976 Appendix

Distinctive Architectural Details

BRETBY

Checklist of details

The details in this appendix illustrate those building elements that help to define Bretby’s particular character. These may be common everyday vernacular details found repeatedly throughout the conservation area or may be more exceptional, consciously designed features.

This appendix may prove useful in providing inspiration for new development, whether traditional or contemporary, if used with care. Paradoxically, the outstanding architectural details of a conservation area may not be the ones that are most typical of the area. They often belong to the important key buildings of a village and may look out of place on smaller buildings in subordinate locations. The majority of buildings in the conservation areas of South Derbyshire are plainly and simply detailed.

Boundary treatments • Coursed sandstone rubble boundary walls with half-round copings • Hedgerows of privet, holly and hawthorn

Chimney stacks and pots • Buff-coloured and square spiked pattern chimney pots • Articulated brick chimney stacks of several patterns – star, panelled with ribs

Lintels and cills • Segmental brick arches • Pointed gauged brick lintels • Flat soldier course lintels with brick hood moulds • Plain brickwork without masonry cills

Roof types and details • Wide overhanging eaves • Hipped and half-hipped roofs • Raised coped brick gables (Home Farm)

Windows • Casement windows - multi-paned and Gothic arched cottage orné • Dormer windows

Street furniture

BOUNDARY TREATMENTS

Within Bretby village boundaries are predominantly hedges of hawthorn and holly (bottom), with the occasional stretch of privet. There are few walls. The local sandstone in front of Rose Cottage (above) is one of only two traditional stone walls in the conservation area. The other, at Home Farm (right), is evenly coursed stone, reputedly taken from the castle ruins. CHIMNEY STACKS & POTS

The picturesque chimney stacks of Bretby village present the visitor with one of its most distinctive and enduring images.

They were built from local hand- made red brick. There are some common themes or patterns; star- shaped on plan (above), and those with raised strips of brickwork creating panels (right). Chimney pots are predominantly buff-coloured, and square shaped, sometimes with spikes. LINTELS AND CILLS

Left - hood mould constructed from painted bricks, over soldier course of brickwork forming a lintel. This window relied on the strength of the timber window to support the brickwork above.

Below left - gauged brick lintel, shaped into a pointed arch.

Right - although projecting cills, of any kind, were rarely used on the smallest vernacular buildings in this part of South Derbyshire, this example at Bretby (right) is quite rare. It incorporates a projecting oak cill laid on top of timber plugs. ROOF TYPES AND DETAILS

Hipped roofs (above) and half-hipped roofs with “eyebrow” dormers (left) are a distinctive feature of Bretby, deliberately used by the estate to enhance the picturesque quality of the village scenes.

The half-hipped roofs of Staffordshire blue clay tiles, with “bonnet” hip tiles and deep overhanging eaves, echo thatched roof forms. Note the contrast between wall and roof, highlighted by deep shadows. ROOF TYPES AND DETAILS

Eaves can be accentuated with a raised band, as on the 1860s examples (left) or a large overhang, as on the eyebrow dormer (below).

The example of decorative scalloped bargeboards at Yew Tree Cottage (right) is the only surviving example in the village.

Ornamental bargeboards create pretty shadows. They were commonly used in the mid 19th century in a style called Gothic Revival and were designed to emphasise picturesque character. WINDOWS

Within Bretby village the main historic window type was the timber casement window. This had several historic forms based on a “Gothick” style, some with pointed arches incorporated into the joinery (right and bottom). All shared the common multi-paned, painted characteristics.

The original 12-paned casement at Yew Tree Cottage survives (below – on the right), although the left casement was later replaced by a 4-paned casement.

The casement windows (above) at Rose Haven are new and were based on an historic pattern. STREET FURNITURE

Right - K6 red telephone box, Sir Giles Gilbert Scott design located on the Village Green.

(grid ref. N 429, 536 / E 323, 217)

Right - Post box, Sir Giles Gilbert Scott design, located on the Village Green.

(grid ref. N 429, 536 / E 323, 217)