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Mil-Hdbk-978B (Nasa) MIL-HDBK-978-8 (NASA) 1 MARCH 1988 SUPERSEDING MIL-HDBK-978-A (NASA) 15 MARCH 1984 MILITARY HANDBOOK NASA PARTS APPLICATION HANDBOOK (VOLUME 4 OF 5) CRYSTALS, FILTERS, TRANSFORMERS, INDUCTORS, DELAY LINES, MOTORS AMSC m FSC 59GP DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited MIL-HDBK-978-B (NASA) ) MIL-HDBK-978B (NASA) NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20546 NASA Parts Application Handbook This handbook is approved for use by all elements of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and is available for use by all departments and agencies of the Department of Defense. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to: Manager, NASA Parts Project Office, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771. i MIL-HDBK-978-B (NASA) i i MIL-HDBK-978-B (NASA) CONTENTS VOLUME CONTENTS VOLUME 4 Page Paragraph 10.4 Coils and chip inductors - - 10-29 10.4.1 Introduction - - - - - - - ........ 10-29 10.4.2 Usual applications - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10-29 10.4.3 Typical construction - — - — -...---. 10-29 10.4.4 Military designation — ..... ... 10-31 10.4.5 Electrical characteristics ----- - - - - - - 10-31 10.4.6 Environmental considerations ---------- 10-31 10.4.7 Reliability considerations - - - - - ------ 10-32 11. DELAY LINES - ------ - - - - - - - 11-1 11.1 General - - - - 11-1 11.1.1 Introduction ------------------ 11-1 11.1.2 Definitions - - - - - ----- - - 11-1 11.1.3 NASA standard parts- - - - - - - - - 11-3 11.1.4 General device characteristics - - - - - - - - - 11-3 11.1.5 General parameter information- - - - - - - - - - 11-4 11.1.6 General guides and charts - - - - - ------ 11-4 11.1.7 General reliability considerations ------- 11-5 11.2 Coaxial - - - - - - - - - - - - - ... H-7 11.2.1 Introduction ------------------ 11-7 11.2.2 Usual applications --------------- 11-7 11.2.3 Physical construction- ------------- 11-7 11.2.4 Military designation - - - - 11-10 11.2.5 Electrical characteristics - -- -- -- -- -- 11-10 11.2.6 Environmental considerations ---------- 11-11 11.2.7 Reliability considerations - ---------- 11-12 11.3 Distributed constant -------------- 11-13 11.3.1 Introduction ------------------ 11-13 11.3.2 Usual applications --------------- 11-13 11.3.3 Physical construction- - ---------- - - 11-13 11.3.4 Military designation - - - ----------- 11-15 11.3.5 Electrical characteristics - - --------- 11-15 11.3.6 Environmental considerations ---------- 11-16 11.3.7 Reliability considerations ----------- 11-17 11.4 Lumped constant ----------------- 11-18 11.4.1 Introduction - - 11-18 11.-4*2 Usual applications 11-18 11.4.3 Physical construction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11-19 11.4.4 Military designation - - - - - 11-22 11.4.5 Electrical characteristies- — --------- 11-22 11.4.6 Environmental considerations- ---------- 11-23 11.4.7 Reliability considerations- - - - - - - - - - - - 11-24 ix MIL-HDBK-978-B (NASA) ) CONTENTS VOLUME CONTENTS VOLUME 4 Page Paragraph 11.5 Quartz-glass sonic- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11-26 11.5.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - - - 11-26 11.5.2 Usual applications— - - - - - - - ------ - 11-26 11.5.3 Physical construction - - - ----- ------ 11-27 11.5.4 Military designation -------------- 11-30 11.5.5 Electrical characteristies- - - - - - - - - - - - 11-30 11.5.6 Environmental considerations- - -------- - 11-30 11.5.7 Reliability considerations- - - - - - - - - - - - 11-31 11.6 Metal sonic ------------------- 11-32 11.6.1 Introduction ------------------ 11-32 11.6.2 Usual applications- --------------- 11-32 11.6.3 Physical construction -------------- 11-33 11.6.4 Military designation ------ - - - - - - — 11-34 11.6.5 Electrical characteristics- - - - - - - - - - - - 11-34 11.6.6 Envi ronmental considerations- - - - - ------ 11-35 11.6.7 Reliability considerations- ----------- 11-36 11.7 Surface acousti c wave - -- -- -- -- -- -- - 11-37 11.7.1 Introduction ------------------ 11-37 11.7.2 Usual applications- ---------- 11-38 11.7.3 Physical construction -------------- 11-39 11.7.4 Military designation -------- 11-40 11.7.5 Electrical characteristics- ----------- 11-40 11.7.6 Envi ronmental considerations- - -- -- -- -- - 11-41 11.7.7 Reliability considerations- - ----- - - - - - 11-41 12 . MOTORS - 12 .1 12.1 General - 12-1 12.1.1 Introduction- - - - 12-1 12.1.2 General definitions - - - - 12-1 12.1.3 General device characteristics- ---- 12-2 12.1.4 General parameter information ---------- 12-4 12.1.5 General guides and charts ------------ 12-8 12.1.6 General reliability considerations- ------- 12-10 12.2 AC motors ----- - - 12-12 12.2.1 Introduction- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - 12-12 12.2.2 Usual applications- --------------- 12-15 12.2.3 Physical construction -------------- 12-15 12.2.4 Military designation- -------------- 12-16 12.2.5 Electrical characteristics- - ---------- 12-16 12.2.6 Envi ronmental considerations- - -- -- -- -- - 12-16 12.2.7 Reliability considerations- ----------- 12-16 vi MIL-HDBK-978-B (NASA) FOREWORD This handbook provides a technological baseline for parts used throughout NASA programs. The information included will improve the utilization of the NASA Standard Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical (EEE) Parts List (MIL-STD-975) and provide technical information to improve the selection of parts and their application, and failure analysis on all NASA projects. This handbook consists of five volumes and includes information on all parts presently included in MIL-STD-975. This handbook (Revision B) succeeds the initial release. Revision A was not released. The con- tent in Revision B has been extensively changed from that in the initial release. MIL-HDBK-978-B (NASA) i v MIL-HDBK-978-B (NASA) ) CONTENTS GENERAL CONTENTS VOLUMES 1 through 5 VOLUME 1 Section 1. Introduction 2. Capacitors 3. Resistors and Thermistors VOLUME 2 4. Diodes 5. Transistors 6. Microwave Devices VOLUME 3 7. Microci rcuits VOLUME 4 8. Crystals 9. Filters 10. Transformers and Inductors 11. Delay Lines 12. Motors VOLUME 5 13. Connectors, Power 14. Connectors, Radio Frequency 15. Protective Devices 16. Switches 17. Relays 18. Wire and Cable ix MIL-HDBK-978-B (NASA) CONTENTS THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ix MIL-HDBK-978-B (NASA) CONTENTS VOLUME CONTENTS VOLUME 4 Page Paragraph 8. CRYSTALS - 8-1 8.1 Introduction ---------------- - - - 8-1 8.1.1 General definitions- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8-1 8.1.2 Symbols- ------------ - 8-3 8.2 Usual applications ---------------- 8-4 8.2.1 Crystal units -------------- 8-4 8.2.2 Crystal oscillators ------ - - - - - 8-4 8.2.3 Crystal filters- -------- - ------- - 8-6 8.2.4 Other applications - - ------- - - - - - 8-8 8.3 Materials and physical construction- - - - - - - - 8-8 8.3.1 Quartz material- - - - - - - - - - - - - ----- 8-9 8.3.2 Crystal cut - - - -------------- - - 8-9 8.3.3 Support structure — -------------- 8-9 8.3.4 Holders - - - - - - - .-.---- - - - 8-9 8.4 Military designation --------- - - - - - - 8-13 8.5 Electrical characteristies - -- - - - - 8-14 8.5.1 Equivalent electrical circuit of a quartz resonator ------------------ - - 8-14 8.5.2 Reactance curve of a quartz resonator- - - - - - - 8-15 8.5.3 The crystal unit as an electronic resonator- - - - 8-16 8.5.4 Series resonance ----------- - - - - - - 8-17 8.5.5 Parallel resonance - -— ------------ 8-17 8.5.6 Consideration of frequency stability as a function of the crystal resonator in an oscillator- - - - - 8-19 8.6 Environmental considerations - -- -- -- -- -- 8-19 8.6.1 Frequency stability versus environmental changes - 8-19 8.6.2 Frequency stability versus temperature ------ 8-19 8.6.3 Frequency stability versus crystal excitation- - - 8-20 8.6.4 Frequency stability versus shock and vibration - - 8-20 8.6.5 Frequency change versus time (aging) ------- 8-21 8.6.6 Short term stability - - 8-22 8.6.7 Effect of over-specifying crystals --- 8-23 8.6.8 Effects of radiation - - - 8-23 8.7 Reliability considerations - - - -- - - 8-24 8.7.1 Failure modes and mechanisms - - - - - - - - -— 8-24 8.7.2 Screening- -------------------- 8-25 8.7.3 Reliability derating - - - - - - - - 8-25 8.7.4 Failure rate - 8-26 MIL-HDBK-978-B (NASA) CONTENTS VOLUME CONTENTS VOLUME 4 Page Paragraph 9. FILTERS, ELECTRICAL - - 9-1 9.1 Introduction — 9-1 9.2 Usual applications - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - 9-1 9.3 Physical construction- ------------ — 9-1 9.4 Military designation --------------- 9-1 9.5 Application and design considerations- - ----- 9-2 9.5.1 Electrical considerations- ------------ 9-2 9.5.2 Mechanical considerations- ------------ 9-7 9.5.3 Thermal considerations -------------- 9-7 9.5.4 Equipment EMI requi rements - -- -- -- -- -- - 9-7 9.5 Environmental considerations - ---------- 9-8 9.7 Reliability considerations ----------— 9-8 9.7.1 Failure modes and mechanisms - - - - - - - - - - - 9-8 9.7.2 Screening ------ - - - - - - 9-8 9.7.3 Reliability derating - - - - - - - - - - - 9-9 9.7.4 Failure rate 9-9 10. TRANSFORMER AND INDUCTORS - 10-1 10.1 General --- 10-1 10.1.1 Introduction - - - - 10-1 10.1.2 General definitions 10-2 10.1.3 NASA standard parts- - - - 10-4 10.1.4 General device characteristics -- 10-4 10.1.5 General parameter information- ---------- 10-6 10.1.6 General guides and charts- 10-10 10.1.7 General reliability considerations -------- 10-11 10.2 Audio, power, and high-power pulse -------- 10-14 10.2.1 Introduction ---- 10-14 10.2.2 Usual applications - -- -- 10-14 10.2.3 Physical construction-
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