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Vegetation Diversity and Carbon Stock of Natural Regeneration Woodlands of Kishapu District, Tanzania

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Vegetation Diversity and Carbon Stock of Natural Regeneration Woodlands of Kishapu District, Tanzania The University of Dodoma University of Dodoma Institutional Repository http://repository.udom.ac.tz Natural Sciences Master Dissertations 2018 Vegetation diversity and carbon stock of natural regeneration woodlands of Kishapu district, Tanzania Kwilasa, Gisandu M. The University of Dodoma Kwilasa, G. M. (2018). Vegetation diversity and carbon stock of natural regeneration woodlands of Kishapu district, Tanzania. Dodoma: The University of Dodoma http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12661/1762 Downloaded from UDOM Institutional Repository at The University of Dodoma, an open access institutional repository. VEGETATION DIVERSITY AND CARBON STOCK OF NATURAL REGENERATION WOODLANDS OF KISHAPU DISTRICT, TANZANIA BY GISANDU MALUNGUJA KWILASA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION THE UNIVERSITY OF DODOMA OCTOBER, 2018 DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT I, Gisandu Malunguja Kwilasa, declare that this dissertation is my original work and that it has not been presented and will not be presented to any other University for a similar or any other degree award. Signature: …………………………………………… No part of this thesis/dissertation may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission of the author or the University of Dodoma. If transformed for publication in any other format shall be acknowledged that, this work has been submitted for degree award at the University of Dodoma”. i CERTIFICATION The undersigned certify that they have read and hereby recommend for acceptance by the University of Dodoma dissertation entitled “Vegetation Diversity and Carbon Stock of Natural regeneration Woodlands of Kishapu district, Tanzania” in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biodiversity Conservation of the University of Dodoma. DR. CHRISPINUS D.K. RUBANZA Signature………………………………………………Date: ………………. (SUPERVISOR) DR. MHUJI B. KILONZO Signature…………………………………………………Date: ………………... (SUPERVISOR) ii ACKNOWDLEDGEMENT First and foremost, glory is to God for his divinity power which has enabled me to face all difficulties during the preparation of this involving work. Secondly, I am very grateful to my supervisors Dr. Chrispinus D.K. Rubanza, and Dr. Kilonzo, M. both of the Department of Conservation Biology, School of Biological Science, The University of Dodoma for their significance, valuable scientific guidance. Their advice, constructive criticisms, commitment and patience were my modifying tool to enhance the success of this work. Indefinite thanks are handled to Prof. Jonathan L. Kabigumila of the University of Dodoma for his indispensable time in making valuable professional guidance and corrections. I also express my sincere gratitude to the Management of the University of Dodoma for offering such a requirement in fulfilling the program from which I have being exposed to the practical knowledge and techniques skills. Special thanks should be addressed to Staff Members at Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI) and the facilitation provided by Natural Resources Management and Agroforestry Centre (NAFRAC) of Shinyanga Region during my study. Mostly Ms Rose Njawala (Lab Tech), Emmanuel Mbwiga (Forester) and Mr. Mziray (The Manager) for their heartfelt assistance and friendly cooperation for the success of this study. Last but not least, I am also grateful to Kishapu district council for their cooperation and allowing me to conduct my study in their area. I thank field assistants Mr. Sandu Peter Malunguja and Mr. Mhija Budeba and MSc Biodiversity students 2016/18 for their strenuous encouragement. iii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my lovely Mother Mrs. Sado R. Malunguja, who laid down the foundation of my education with a lot of difficulties. Special dedication to my family members for their support and encouragement during all period of my study which make this dissertation to be completed in time. I also dedicate to my lovely daughter, Glorygigwa for missing me and her tolerant of living alone for most of two years of my study. iv ABSTRACT Natural regeneration woodlands have the potential for enhanced carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation although little is known on vegetation species diversity and the associated carbon dynamics. A study was carried out among three selected natural regeneration woodlands (Nyasamba, Bubinza and Ndoleleleji) of Kishapu district aimed (1) to determine plant species diversity, (2) to quantify herbaceous biomass productivity, (3) to determine tree stocking capacity, and (4) to quantify soil organic carbon (SOC). A nested model design comprised of four radii (r = 2, 5, 10 and 15 m) concentric plots were established at 300 m between plots. Inter-transect distance was maintained at 550 m. A sampling intensity of 0.3% which is equivalent to 74 sample plots was adopted. Data on vegetation species diversity, biomass productivity, forest stocking parameters and SOC were computed into means using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Dominant grass species were Aristida spp., Cyperus spp., Cynodon spp. and Cenchrus spp. Forb species were Monechma spp., Leucas spp., Commelina spp., Sida spp. and Cucumis spp. The woodlands were dominated by Acacia spp. (A. drepanolobium, A. nilotica, A. polyacantha, A. senegal, A. seyal, and A. tortilis), Dichrostachys cinerea and Balanite aegyptica. Herbaceous biomass productivity was low (1.15-1.23 t DM/ha), (P˂0.05). The woodlands were characterised by low plant species diversity ranging from 0.11 to 0.48 for Simpson‟s index of diversity (C). Tree stocking parameters depict high tree stocking density of 1021±198 to 2003±295 stems/ha, moderate basal area of 6.11±2.1 to 7.64±3.1 m2/ha, and high tree standing volume ranging from 41.02±13.1 to 50.08±19.5 m3/ha. Above-ground carbon stock (AGCS), was variable across sites (11.9±3.8-14.5±5.7 t/ha), (P˂0.05). Below-ground carbon stock (BGCS), ranged from 2.97±1.00 to 3.63±1.4 t/ha. Concentration of soil organic carbon (SOC) was variable across soil horizons, with high concentration on the 0 to 30 cm depth (0.12±0.05-0.7±0.07 kg/m2). It could be concluded that natural regeneration woodlands of Kishapu district has a promising herbaceous biomass productivity as well as good tree carbon stocking potential which influences species diversity. v TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION .......................................................................................................... i COPYRIGHT ................................................................................................................ i CERTIFICATION ....................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWDLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................... iii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................ iv ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ vi LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... x LIST OF PLATES .................................................................................................... xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYM .................................................... xiv CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the study ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Statement of the problem ................................................................................................ 5 1.3 Research objectives ......................................................................................................... 5 1.3.1 General objective ................................................................................................ 5 1.3.2 Specific objectives .............................................................................................. 6 1.4 Research hypotheses ........................................................................................................ 6 1.5 Significance of the study ................................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER TWO ....................................................................................................... 8 LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................................. 8 2. 1 Theoretical Review ......................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Concepts and definitions ..................................................................................... 8 2.1.2 Theories underlying the study ........................................................................... 11 2.2 Empirical review ............................................................................................................12 2.2.1 Ngitili natural regeneration vegetation conservation system ............................ 12 2.2.2 Land use and management of Kishapu
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