Historical Photographs, Historical Significance and Residential Schools

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Historical Photographs, Historical Significance and Residential Schools elow are four questions that are intended to help you write your submission to the BCanadian Aboriginal Writing Challenge. Each question has its own topic, ways to engage with the topic, writing activities and online resources. The topics covered are storytelling, historical photographs, historical significance and residential schools. You are not required to write your submission on these questions. The questions are suggestions to help guide your writing. Moreover, each question is designed to provide you with several options as to the style, content and form of your written piece. Starting on page 4, you will find links to online resources that will assist in the research for your piece. QUESTION 1: STORYTELLING Below is a list of suggested Canada’s Aboriginal peoples have a strong starting points: oral tradition of storytelling. These stories are passed down through generations as a way • Incorporate new elements into to share each community’s origins, history, the story to show how it relates spirituality, morals and life skills. to you or your community. For example, you can present both This is your opportunity to add to this oral an original myth and a personal tradition. account showing how the two are connected. Task 1: Find a story that you • Present a personal experience of your connect with. own (or of someone you know) as a The story can be an ancient legend or myth you modern day legend. Imagine that this are already familiar with or you can find a new story will be told to future generations. story. Choose a story that speaks to you in some What is this story’s message? What is way. Consider the story’s central message. What your story trying to communicate? What is the story trying to communicate? To find a new would you like future generations to take story consider asking an elder or selecting a story from your story? from a collection. The online resources on page 4 • Translate your story into another form: a can also help you get started. poem; a TV script; newspaper report; or a play. Task 2: Present your story as a • Take a key piece of dialogue from the story written piece. and construct a new story around it. The gaze refers to the • You can present your story in any format • Select 3 key words from your selected story view or perspective you see fit (check out style options in the – an object such as hawk, a character like a someone has in relation Alternative Writing Styles section. See child and a place such as a river – and write to a photograph. www.our-story.ca/wc/for-teachers). a new short story built around them. QUESTION 2: HISTORICAL PHOTOGRAPHS Historical photographs are a rich source of inspiration for Part 1: Analysis writing. Analyzing a historical photograph/image and asking Your analysis should consider: yourself a series of questions about its content can provide a) The gaze of the photographer. much greater insight into its subject matter. Determine the perspective of the photographer. • Where was the camera lens location in relation to the subject depicted? Task: What was included or excluded in the frame. Why? Find a historical photograph. The photograph can be from • In your opinion, was the photograph commissioned or was the subject a family collection, a photograph you see in your everyday asked to pose? life or an image of an important person or event in Canadian • Given the perspective, site and details connected within the frame, can Aboriginal history. As you will see, to write about a historical you imagine the gender, class or racial identity of the photographer? photograph, you do not necessarily need to know the identity of the people in the image. b) The gaze of the photographed subject(s). • How would you characterize the gaze of the people in the photograph, When analyzing a historical photograph you need to consider i.e., does the subject(s) appear hostile, uncomfortable, confrontational, the gaze of its participants. friendly, curious, ambiguous, etc? • Is the pose formal? 1 • In your opinion, do you think the photographer or there friendship, ambivalence, the subject chose the pose? intimacy, etc? • What kind of impression is offered to you, the • What is the power relationship modern spectator, by the given pose? between them? Are they equals? c) The gaze of the spectator/reader. Use your newfound insight of the • Who would be looking at this photograph? What image as inspiration for a piece of creative writing. would they think of it? Is their gaze different from your own? If so, how? • Suggested starting points: d) The institutional gaze. • You may wish to write a character • Can you speculate about the eventual destination sketch of the photograph’s subjects of the image? Where do you think this image might and present them in a fictional have first appeared, i.e., in a magazine, an official biography. For example, who were government report, a family album or in a newspaper? these individuals? Where did they come from? Are they married? e) The gazes within the frame between • Describe the events that led up to this the subjects photographed. photograph being taken. • Can you determine the nature of the relationship • What do you think happened to these between the subjects within the photograph? Is individuals after the photograph was taken? QUESTION 3: HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE For this activity, write a piece that assesses the historical Below are brief descriptions of events that significance of key events in Aboriginal Canadian history. Assessing you may choose to consider. You are free to historical significance can be a difficult task. There is no single select from these events or choose others not correct answer. Often times something is important to one person mentioned on the list. Other possible examples but not another. This question requires you to familiarize yourself can be found in your textbook, library or online. with several historical events and to exercise your judgment as to whether or not these events are historically significant. Suggested Events: Activity Questions: • Champlain forms alliances with First Nations a) In your opinion, what is the most historically significant Communities: 1608 - Samuel de Champlain and event in Canadian Aboriginal history? his crew arrived at what we know today as Québec or City. Champlain established and developed a vast b) If you find selecting a single event too difficult, consider ex- trade network by forming alliances with a number of panding your list to selecting the top three most historically First Nations communities, including the Wyandot significant events in Canadian Aboriginal history. and Algonquin. This represents one of the earliest relationships between First Nation communities and To help assess the historical significance of an event, you can European settlers in what would become Canada.1 choose to consider the following criteria: Profundity: • Prime Minister’s Statement of Apology: June 11, How deeply did this event affect people? Quantity: 2008 - Prime Minister Stephen Harper apologized on How many people’s lives were affected? behalf of the Canadian government for past governments’ Durability: policies of assimilation of the Aboriginal peoples of How long lasting were the changes? Canada. In doing so, Prime Minister Harper apologized for the Canadian government’s role in the development and Research: Research events that you are interested in and administration of the residential school program.2 Video which you believe hold significance for Aboriginal Canadian and a transcript of the Prime Minister’s apology can be history. Find out as much as you can about these events in found here: www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2008/06/11/ order to make the best argument possible. pm-statement.html Debate: Debating the merits of events with your classmates and peers is a good way of assessing historical significance. Sometimes listening to other perspectives, even those • The Red River Rebellion: November 2, 1869 - With 120 that oppose your own, can help bring focus to your own men, Métis leader Louis Riel occupied Fort Garry in the argument. You may even wish to put this question to a class Red River Colony to block the transfer of the Northwest debate in which the entire class discusses the relative merits from the Hudson’s Bay Company to Canada. The rebellion of different historical events and then votes on which events resulted in the formation of the new province of Manitoba. are historically significant. Riel was exiled. 2 • First People Arrive: 10,000 – 50, 000 • Murray Treaty: September BC - First Nations hunters migrated from 5, 1760 - A treaty was Asia to North America across Beringia, concluded between the a land bridge that connected Alaska and Huron and the British. The Siberia during the Pleistocene Epoch. They Huron agreed to put down subsequently settled every part of what is their arms. In return they now called Canada. would receive safe passage, free exercise of religion, local government and justice. The treaty was recognized in 1990 by the Supreme Court of Canada. QUESTION 4: RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS While the roots of residential schools Research: There are several sources go back to the 1600s, the Canadian you can access to help educate yourself government, in partnership with the about residential schools. Many of the nation’s churches, established a formal online sources listed below explore residential school program in the 1870s. what life was like at a residential Over 130 schools were established. The school through images, maps and video last school closed in 1996. In total, 150,000 testimonies from those who experienced First Nations, Inuit and Métis children were the schools first hand. Interacting with removed from their communities and forced these resources will further enhance your to attend residential schools.
Recommended publications
  • Shifting Paradigms
    SHIFTING PARADIGMS Report of the Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage Julie Dabrusin, Chair MAY 2019 42nd PARLIAMENT, 1st SESSION Published under the authority of the Speaker of the House of Commons SPEAKER’S PERMISSION The proceedings of the House of Commons and its Committees are hereby made available to provide greater public access. The parliamentary privilege of the House of Commons to control the publication and broadcast of the proceedings of the House of Commons and its Committees is nonetheless reserved. All copyrights therein are also reserved. Reproduction of the proceedings of the House of Commons and its Committees, in whole or in part and in any medium, is hereby permitted provided that the reproduction is accurate and is not presented as official. This permission does not extend to reproduction, distribution or use for commercial purpose of financial gain. Reproduction or use outside this permission or without authorization may be treated as copyright infringement in accordance with the Copyright Act. Authorization may be obtained on written application to the Office of the Speaker of the House of Commons. Reproduction in accordance with this permission does not constitute publication under the authority of the House of Commons. The absolute privilege that applies to the proceedings of the House of Commons does not extend to these permitted reproductions. Where a reproduction includes briefs to a Standing Committee of the House of Commons, authorization for reproduction may be required from the authors in accordance with the Copyright Act. Nothing in this permission abrogates or derogates from the privileges, powers, immunities and rights of the House of Commons and its Committees.
    [Show full text]
  • All Grade 5 Videos *Although These Videos Were All
    All grade 5 videos *Although these videos were all watched and chosen by your pedagogical counsellors and are appropriate for students to watch, some videos (longer videos with harder vocabulary) are meant to be watched by the teacher to get a better understanding on a specific subject. Please, make sure to watch the videos before presenting them to your students. This way, you will ensure their understanding and their interest in each theme. Canada The Terry Fox story https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1QOtPDAAeY Canada – Canada country – Canada geography song https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QBQ5ZhHlkkY Capitals of Canada song https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pNQZ-KgX0oY Northern Canada Causes and effects of climate change – National Geography https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4H1N_yXBiA&t=11s Chapter 4 – the importance of the 3Rs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GJr2z8g1dOI Going green (Earth day song for kids about the 3 R’s –reduce, reuse, recycle) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8DJ45Yc3urg I’m only a kid, I can’t do anything about climate change…right https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PslL9WC-2cQ&t=6s The end of the Arctic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CrRDtZp96jw&t=629s What if all the ice melted on Earth ft. Bill Nye https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6CPsGanO_U Dene dancing – Deline drummers in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4cXA_Usl_jw Ulukhaktok (Territoires du Nord-Ouest – Canada) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZ7hBOMSyC0 Gwich’in fiddle jam https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Fk7a-aiZdM
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage Minutes‟ and the Theories of Heritage, Nostalgia and Nationalism
    Introduction - An explanation of the „Heritage Minutes‟ and the theories of heritage, nostalgia and nationalism. For this dissertation, I intend to explore the concept of nostalgia and how it can be combined with the concept of nationalism. I will look at the way these two theories can connect with and aid in the formation of national collective memories. In effect I will be answering two particular questions: how can a nation‟s past be used as a resource to build a collective national memory in the present and how can a nation‟s history be reactivated intentionally through the manufacturing of collective memories to serve the needs of the present and act as a nationally unifying tool? With the aim of answering these questions, I will use the „Heritage Minutes‟ advertisements. The „Heritage Minutes‟, a national memory project or lieux de memoire1, are a series of seventy-four, sixty second long television advertisements that ran on Canadian television stations. Made in both English and French, they amounted to forty-six hours of programming per month with thirty percent of those hours running during network prime time (Lawlor 1999: 47). The Minutes were produced by the privately owned Historica Foundation, created by Charles R. Bronfman and the CRB Foundation to “enhance Canadianism” (Rukszto 2005: 74). In 1986, Charles R. Bronfman, Canadian billionaire and philanthropist, gave $100 million endowment to the CRB Foundation which he had set up with the explanation, “the history I learned in school was boring…terrible. I didn‟t get enough about where we came from, enough about our heroes…we didn‟t get a sense 1 French historian Pierre Nora coined the term lieux de memoire (sites of memory).
    [Show full text]
  • Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation Annual Report 1995-1996 Abridged Version
    Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation Annual Report 1995-1996 Abridged Version Table of Contents The Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation's Board of Trustees and Executive Committee – Page 3 President and Chief Executive Officer's Message – Page 4 Corporate Profile – Page 5 Organizational Structure – Page 6 Environmental Analysis -- External Environment – Page 7 Environmental Analysis -- Internal Environment - Page 10 Objectives and Results -- Museological Excellence and Outreach - Page 12 Objectives and Results -- Shared Understanding of Canadian Identity and History – Page 14 Objectives and Results -- Inter-cultural Understanding and Dialogue – Page 15 Objectives and Results -- Financial and Operational Viability – Page 17 Spreading the Word: Public Affairs and Development – Page 19 Exhibitions and Programmes – Page 21 • Canada Hall, Phase II and First Peoples Hall • Adventures in Learning: The Children's Museum • Our Postal Heritage: The National Postal Museum • Bringing Exhibitions to Life: Public Programmes Knowledge Through Research – Page 37 • Publications, Multimedia and the Museum of New France • Lectures Given in Canada and Abroad Collections and Information Access Branch – Page 42 Doing Business: Commercial Enterprises – Page 44 Managing Change: Human Resources and Property Management, Hosting and Security Services – Page 45 Canadian War Museum: Tales of War and Peace - Page 46 Canadian Museum of Civilization Information: (819) 776-7000/1 (800) 555-5621 Teleprinter (TDD) : (819) 776-7003 Group Reservations : (819)
    [Show full text]
  • Minute by Minute Anthony Wilson-Smith
    45 Filming the Kenojuak Ashevak Heritage Minute in Cape Dorset, NU. Historica Canada photo Canada at 150: Minute by Minute Anthony Wilson-Smith When the Heritage Minutes débuted in 1991, it seemed hat becomes a legend so foreign—so somehow un-Canadian—to be drama- most? In Canada, our W national legends include tizing much less glorifying our own relatively brief but bearded figures with swords and or- colourful story that they were greeted with a sort of awed nate pantaloons, women in wartime cognitive dissonance followed by gleeful parody. Now, nursing costumes and indigenous soldiers fending off American invad- they are as much a part of Canadian culture as hockey, ers during the War of 1812. Some of Tim Hortons and maple beer. Contributing writer and the people telling those stories are Historica Canada President Anthony Wilson-Smith Colm Feore, Dan Aykroyd, Graham Greene, Kate Nelligan, Jean l’Italien celebrates one of his favourite parts of the job. (Lance e t Compte; Virginie) and Jared Keeso (19-2 and LetterKenny.) The set- tings range from the bright lights of big cities to dimly-lit hockey rinks, an July/August 2017 46 old movie theatre, operating rooms, and the frigid beauty of Cape Dorset, Nunavut. Those elements are all key components of stories that are, as the saying goes, ‘a part of our heri- tage’. In other words, they are Heri- tage Minutes. Over the last year, the Minutes—there are more than 80—had close to six million views. They aired on television across the country more than 116,000 times.
    [Show full text]
  • MOVING FORWARD – TOWARDS a STRONGER CANADIAN MUSEUM SECTOR Report of the Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage
    MOVING FORWARD – TOWARDS A STRONGER CANADIAN MUSEUM SECTOR Report of the Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage Julie Dabrusin, Chair SEPTEMBER 2018 42nd PARLIAMENT, 1st SESSION Published under the authority of the Speaker of the House of Commons SPEAKER’S PERMISSION The proceedings of the House of Commons and its Committees are hereby made available to provide greater public access. The parliamentary privilege of the House of Commons to control the publication and broadcast of the proceedings of the House of Commons and its Committees is nonetheless reserved. All copyrights therein are also reserved. Reproduction of the proceedings of the House of Commons and its Committees, in whole or in part and in any medium, is hereby permitted provided that the reproduction is accurate and is not presented as official. This permission does not extend to reproduction, distribution or use for commercial purpose of financial gain. Reproduction or use outside this permission or without authorization may be treated as copyright infringement in accordance with the Copyright Act. Authorization may be obtained on written application to the Office of the Speaker of the House of Commons. Reproduction in accordance with this permission does not constitute publication under the authority of the House of Commons. The absolute privilege that applies to the proceedings of the House of Commons does not extend to these permitted reproductions. Where a reproduction includes briefs to a Standing Committee of the House of Commons, authorization for reproduction may be required from the authors in accordance with the Copyright Act. Nothing in this permission abrogates or derogates from the privileges, powers, immunities and rights of the House of Commons and its Committees.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This Page As A
    Historica Canada Education Portal Hart & Papineau Overview This lesson is based on viewing the Heritage Minute, "Hart & Papineau." Under the tenure of Louis-Joseph Papineau, the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada passed a bill in 1832 that ultimately guaranteed full rights to people practicing the Jewish faith. It was the first of the British colonies to do so. Aims After discussing and making sense of the events that take place in the "Hart and Papineau" Minute, students will watch additional related Heritage Minutes to develop their understanding of how democracy developed in Canada. Students will expand on the theme of democracy that is explored in the "Hart and Papineau" Minute to look at the issue of minority rights in Canada. Students will research the histories of minority groups in Canada and the discrimination they have encountered. Background The year is 1808. Ezekiel Hart has been elected to the Assembly of Lower Canada (now Québec), and tries to take his oath of office. But Joseph Papineau, another Member, protests that Hart, as a Jew, cannot take the oath on the Christian Bible and, therefore, cannot sit as a Member. The Speaker of the Assembly agrees, and Hart is expelled. But as he leaves, Hart confronts Joseph Papineau's son, the newly-elected Louis-Joseph Papineau, and challenges him to right the injustice. Years pass; it is 1832, and Louis-Joseph Papineau, now the Speaker of the Assembly, proclaims a new law, which gives democratic rights to Jews. In the final scene, Speaker Papineau leads the aged Ezekiel Hart out of the Assembly building in an act of courtesy and respect.
    [Show full text]
  • Neoliberal Heritage Redress at a Time When Global Financial Regulation and the Partial Nationalization of Industries Are Mainstr
    Matt James Neoliberal Heritage Redress At a time when global financial regulation and the partial nationalization of industries are mainstream items of political discussion, using the word “neoliberal” in a chapter title suddenly feels anachronistic. Discussing the topic fifteen years after the appearance of pioneering works such as political scientist Stephen Gill’s “Disciplinary Neoliberalism” might seem superfluous in any event.1 Yet when it comes to the subject of this collection and chapter, Canadian redress politics and the broader arena of diversity politics in which it is situated, it remains illuminating to speak of neoliberalism in the present tense: or, at least, so this chapter will argue. The chapter proceeds as follows. Stressing neoliberalism’s concern to remake the conditions under which organized groups communicate with government and society, I outline how this concern has reshaped Canadian multiculturalism. Although astute criticisms of Canada’s multiculturalism policy abound, the policy’s importance for groups challenging the terms of belonging within the Canadian settler society ought equally to be noted; this role has made multiculturalism a particularly important target of neoliberal change in this 2 country.2 While the profile of Canadian multiculturalism has diminished in recent years, the debates around coming to terms with historical injustice have not. In the remainder of the essay, I show how the characteristic tactics and tools of a neoliberalized multiculturalism have latterly been transported and applied
    [Show full text]
  • Camera Stylo 2019 Inside Final 9
    Moving Forward as a Nation: Chanie Wenjack and Canadian Assimilation of Indigenous Stories ANDALAH ALI Andalah Ali is a fourth year cinema studies and English student. Her primary research interests include mediated representations of death and alterity, horror, flm noir, and psychoanalytic theory. 66 The story of Chanie Wenjack, a 12-year-old Ojibwe boy who froze to death in 1966 while fleeing from Cecilia Jeffery Indian Residential School,1 has taken hold within Canadian arts and culture. In 2016, commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the young boy’s tragic and lonely death, a group of Canadian artists, including Tragically Hip frontman Gord Downie, comic book artist Jeff Lemire, and filmmaker Terril Calder, created pieces inspired by the story.2 Giller Prize-winning author Joseph Boyden, too, participated in the commemoration, publishing a novella, Wenjack,3 only a few months before the literary controversy wherein his claims to Indigenous heritage were questioned, and, by many people’s estimation, disproven.4 Earlier the same year, Historica Canada released a Heritage Minute on Wenjack, also written by Boyden.5 Ostensibly, the foregrounding of such a story within a cultural institution as mainstream as the Heritage Minutes functions as a means to critically address Canadian complicity in settler-colonialism. By constituting residential schools as a sealed-off element of history, however, the Heritage Minute instead negates ongoing Canadian culpability in the settler-colonial project. Furthermore, the video’s treatment of landscape mirrors that of the garrison mentality, which is itself a colonial construct. The video deflects from discourses on Indigenous sovereignty or land rights, instead furthering an assimilationist agenda that proposes absorption of Indigenous stories, and people, into the Canadian project of nation-building.
    [Show full text]
  • Who/What Is a Canadian? - the Story of Everchanging Identity
    Who/What is a Canadian? - The Story of Everchanging Identity Courses Big Ideas Content Curricular Core Competencies Competencies Social Historical and Canadian identities Compare and contrast I ask and respond to Studies 10 contemporary injustices continuities and simple, direct questions challenge the narrative discriminatory policies changes for different and identity of Canada and injustices in Canada groups at particular I can understand and as an inclusive, and the world, including times and share information about multicultural society. residential schools, the places (continuity and a topic head tax, the Komagata change) Maru incident, and I can analyze my own internments assumptions and beliefs and consider views that Political Understanding how methods used by media, Assess the significance do not fit with them Studies 12 political decisions are governments, or of political issues, made is critical to being political groups to ideologies, forces, I can tell the difference an informed and influence public opinion decisions, or between facts and engaged citizen developments, and interpretations, current and future compare varying opinions, and public policy perspectives on their judgments significance at particular times and places, and I understand that from group to learning is continuous group (significance) and my concept of self and identity will Compare and contrast continue to evolve continuities and changes for different I understand that my political institutions and identity is made up of organizations at many interconnected
    [Show full text]
  • The Charles R. Bronfman Foundation's Construction of the Canadian Identity
    The Heritage Minutes: The Charles R. Bronfman Foundation's Construction of the Canadian Identity NuaIa Lawlor The Graduate Program in Communications McGiIl University Montreal, Quebec June 1999 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillrnent of the degree of Master of Arts Copyright (c) Nuda Lawlor National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1+1 OfCmada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. rue Wellington Ottawa Oh: K1A ON4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada Your file Vorre reference Our cYe Nom référence The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microfom, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de rnicrofiche/fïlm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Table of Contents Abstract/ Résumé , . - . ,. - - . - . - . - . - . - . Acknowledgments ........................................... 1. Introduction: The Nation - A Canadian Problem - . - . II. Chapter One: Constructing Canadian Nationalism . - . - . Table 1 Herirage Minutes: Categorical Divisions according to CRB . Table 2 Context/Authenticity for the First Series of Heriiage Minutes.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Storytelling: Contesting, Interrupting, and Intervening in the Nation-Building Project Through Historica Canada’S Heritage Minutes
    1 Indigenous Storytelling: Contesting, Interrupting, and Intervening in the Nation-Building Project Through Historica Canada’s Heritage Minutes by Anna Shah Hoque A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Communication Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario © 2017, Anna Shah Hoque 2 Abstract While Heritage Minutes are 60 second films that are well known in Canada for their celebration of the nation state, this thesis explores varied and polysemic readings of the Minutes that emerge when Indigenous media makers make use of the recognizable nationalistic media text to interject and make space for Indigenous stories about Indigenous peoples. My work aims to fill a gap in existing scholarship on Heritage Minutes that neglects to account for Indigenous involvement with Historica Canada to produce Indigenous led narratives. I center critical and Indigenous knowledges to guide and produce a complex and nuanced reading of Heritage Minutes through conversational interviews and close textual analysis to demonstrate ways in which Indigenous filmmakers contest dominant national narratives. 3 Acknowledgements I would like to recognize that Carleton University is on unceded and unsurrendered Algonquin territory. I start this is with a mention to my grandfather, Alamgir Shah, who passed away the day I started my Master’s program. It has been a difficult two years and I really did not think I would see this degree to completion. I struggled, I grieved, and I kept on going. But I did not do it alone. I have been so incredibly fortunate to work with a thesis committee who has helped me grow in beautiful ways.
    [Show full text]