Federal Administration, DOT § 25.1457

pressure breathing regulator) type with the surface temperature cannot exceed mask-mounted regulator, or other ap- 100 degrees F. proved oxygen equipment shown to [Amdt. 25–41, 42 FR 36971, July 18, 1977] provide the same degree of protection, for airplanes operated at altitudes § 25.1453 Protection of oxygen equip- where decompressions that are not ex- ment from rupture. tremely improbable may expose the flightcrew to cabin pressure altitudes Oxygen pressure tanks, and lines be- in excess of 34,000 feet. tween tanks and the shutoff means, (4) Portable oxygen equipment must must be— be immediately available for each (a) Protected from unsafe tempera- cabin attendant. The portable oxygen tures; and equipment must have the oxygen dis- (b) Located where the probability and pensing unit connected to the portable hazards of rupture in a crash landing oxygen supply. are minimized. [Doc. No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, as § 25.1455 Draining of fluids subject to amended by Amdt. 25–41, 42 FR 36971, July 18, freezing. 1977; Amdt. 25–87, 61 FR 28696, June 5, 1996; Amdt. 25–116, 69 FR 62789, Oct. 27, 2004] If fluids subject to freezing may be drained overboard in or during § 25.1449 Means for determining use of ground operation, the drains must be oxygen. designed and located to prevent the formation of hazardous quantities of There must be a means to allow the ice on the airplane as a result of the crew to determine whether oxygen is drainage. being delivered to the dispensing equip- ment. [Amdt. 25–23, 35 FR 5680, Apr. 8, 1970]

§ 25.1450 Chemical oxygen generators. § 25.1457 voice recorders. (a) For the purpose of this section, a (a) Each cockpit voice recorder re- chemical oxygen generator is defined quired by the operating rules of this as a device which produces oxygen by chapter must be approved and must be chemical reaction. installed so that it will record the fol- (b) Each chemical oxygen generator lowing: must be designed and installed in ac- (1) Voice communications trans- cordance with the following require- mitted from or received in the airplane ments: by . (1) Surface temperature developed by (2) Voice communications of flight the generator during operation may crewmembers on the flight deck. not create a hazard to the airplane or (3) Voice communications of flight to its occupants. crewmembers on the flight deck, using (2) Means must be provided to relieve the airplane’s interphone system. any internal pressure that may be haz- (4) Voice or audio signals identifying ardous. navigation or approach aids introduced (c) In addition to meeting the re- into a headset or speaker. quirements in paragraph (b) of this sec- (5) Voice communications of flight tion, each portable chemical oxygen crewmembers using the passenger loud- generator that is capable of sustained speaker system, if there is such a sys- operation by successive replacement of tem and if the fourth channel is avail- a generator element must be placarded able in accordance with the require- to show— ments of paragraph (c)(4)(ii) of this sec- (1) The rate of oxygen flow, in liters tion. per minute; (6) If datalink communication equip- (2) The duration of oxygen flow, in ment is installed, all datalink commu- minutes, for the replaceable generator nications, using an approved data mes- element; and sage set. Datalink messages must be (3) A warning that the replaceable recorded as the output signal from the generator element may be hot, unless communications unit that translates the element construction is such that the signal into usable data.

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(b) The recording requirements of dress system, or radio transmitters are paragraph (a)(2) of this section must be in use. met by installing a cockpit-mounted (d) Each cockpit voice recorder must area microphone, located in the best be installed so that— position for recording voice commu- (1)(i) It receives its electrical power nications originating at the first and from the bus that provides the max- second pilot stations and voice commu- imum reliability for operation of the nications of other crewmembers on the cockpit voice recorder without jeopard- flight deck when directed to those sta- izing service to essential or emergency tions. The microphone must be so lo- loads. cated and, if necessary, the pre- (ii) It remains powered for as long as amplifiers and filters of the recorder possible without jeopardizing emer- must be so adjusted or supplemented, gency operation of the airplane. that the intelligibility of the recorded (2) There is an automatic means to communications is as high as prac- simultaneously stop the recorder and ticable when recorded under flight prevent each erasure feature from func- cockpit noise conditions and played tioning, within 10 minutes after crash back. Repeated aural or visual play- impact; back of the record may be used in eval- (3) There is an aural or visual means uating intelligibility. for preflight checking of the recorder (c) Each cockpit voice recorder must for proper operation; be installed so that the part of the (4) Any single electrical failure exter- communication or audio signals speci- nal to the recorder does not disable fied in paragraph (a) of this section ob- both the cockpit voice recorder and the tained from each of the following flight data recorder; sources is recorded on a separate chan- (5) It has an independent power nel: source— (1) For the first channel, from each (i) That provides 10 ±1 minutes of boom, mask, or hand-held microphone, electrical power to operate both the headset, or speaker used at the first cockpit voice recorder and cockpit- pilot station. mounted area microphone; (2) For the second channel from each (ii) That is located as close as prac- boom, mask, or hand-held microphone, ticable to the cockpit voice recorder; headset, or speaker used at the second and pilot station. (iii) To which the cockpit voice re- (3) For the third channel—from the corder and cockpit-mounted area cockpit-mounted area microphone. microphone are switched automati- (4) For the fourth channel, from— cally in the event that all other power (i) Each boom, mask, or hand-held to the cockpit voice recorder is inter- microphone, headset, or speaker used rupted either by normal shutdown or at the station for the third and fourth by any other loss of power to the elec- crew members; or trical power bus; and (ii) If the stations specified in para- (6) It is in a separate container from graph (c)(4)(i) of this section are not re- the flight data recorder when both are quired or if the signal at such a station required. If used to comply with only is picked up by another channel, each the cockpit voice recorder require- microphone on the flight deck that is ments, a combination unit may be in- used with the passenger loudspeaker stalled. system, if its signals are not picked up (e) The recorder container must be by another channel. located and mounted to minimize the (5) As far as is practicable all sounds probability of rupture of the container received by the microphone listed in as a result of crash impact and con- paragraphs (c)(1), (2), and (4) of this sequent heat damage to the recorder section must be recorded without from . interruption irrespective of the posi- (1) Except as provided in paragraph tion of the interphone-transmitter key (e)(2) of this section, the recorder con- switch. The design shall ensure that tainer must be located as far aft as sidetone for the flight crew is produced practicable, but need not be outside of only when the interphone, public ad- the pressurized compartment, and may

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not be located where aft-mounted en- izing service to essential or emergency gines may crush the container during loads. impact. (ii) It remains powered for as long as (2) If two separate combination dig- possible without jeopardizing emer- ital flight data recorder and cockpit gency operation of the airplane. voice recorder units are installed in- (4) There is an aural or visual means stead of one cockpit voice recorder and for preflight checking of the recorder one digital flight data recorder, the for proper recording of data in the stor- combination unit that is installed to age medium; comply with the cockpit voice recorder (5) Except for recorders powered sole- requirements may be located near the ly by the engine-driven electrical gen- cockpit. erator system, there is an automatic (f) If the cockpit voice recorder has a means to simultaneously stop a re- bulk erasure device, the installation corder that has a data erasure feature must be designed to minimize the prob- and prevent each erasure feature from ability of inadvertent operation and ac- functioning, within 10 minutes after tuation of the device during crash im- crash impact; pact. (6) There is a means to record data (g) Each recorder container must— from which the time of each radio (1) Be either bright orange or bright transmission either to or from ATC can yellow; be determined; (2) Have reflective tape affixed to its (7) Any single electrical failure exter- external surface to facilitate its loca- nal to the recorder does not disable tion under water; and both the cockpit voice recorder and the (3) Have an underwater locating de- flight data recorder; and vice, when required by the operating (8) It is in a separate container from rules of this chapter, on or adjacent to the cockpit voice recorder when both the container which is secured in such are required. If used to comply with manner that they are not likely to be only the flight data recorder require- separated during crash impact. ments, a combination unit may be in- stalled. If a combination unit is in- [Doc. No. 5066, 29 FR 18291, Dec. 24, 1964, as stalled as a cockpit voice recorder to amended by Amdt. 25–2, 30 FR 3932, Mar. 26, 1965; Amdt. 25–16, 32 FR 13914, Oct. 6, 1967; comply with § 25.1457(e)(2), a combina- Amdt. 25–41, 42 FR 36971, July 18, 1977; Amdt. tion unit must be used to comply with 25–65, 53 FR 26143, July 11, 1988; Amdt. 25–124, this flight data recorder requirement. 73 FR 12563, Mar. 7, 2008; 74 FR 32800, July 9, (b) Each nonejectable record con- 2009] tainer must be located and mounted so as to minimize the probability of con- § 25.1459 Flight data recorders. tainer rupture resulting from crash im- (a) Each required by pact and subsequent damage to the the operating rules of this chapter record from fire. In meeting this re- must be installed so that— quirement the record container must (1) It is supplied with airspeed, alti- be located as far aft as practicable, but tude, and directional data obtained need not be aft of the pressurized com- from sources that meet the accuracy partment, and may not be where aft- requirements of §§ 25.1323, 25.1325, and mounted engines may crush the con- 25.1327, as appropriate; tainer upon impact. (2) The vertical sensor is (c) A correlation must be established rigidly attached, and located longitu- between the flight recorder readings of dinally either within the approved cen- airspeed, altitude, and heading and the ter of gravity limits of the airplane, or corresponding readings (taking into ac- at a distance forward or aft of these count correction factors) of the first pi- limits that does not exceed 25 percent lot’s instruments. The correlation of the airplane’s mean aerodynamic must cover the airspeed range over chord; which the airplane is to be operated, (3)(i) It receives its electrical power the range of altitude to which the air- from the bus that provides the max- plane is limited, and 360 degrees of imum reliability for operation of the heading. Correlation may be estab- flight data recorder without jeopard- lished on the ground as appropriate.

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