Indian Grass Indian Grass is one of the first warm Sun Exposure season perennial grasses to form seeds Full, Partial Latin Name: Sorghastrum Nutans and they are rich clusters of bronze colored seed. Golden stems and large Ojibwa Name: seed heads provide ample color and Soil Moisture texture to plantings and birds will enjoy the Medium, seeds come fall. Plants are Medium-Dry, Dry wind-pollinated. Indian Grass can be aggressive, spreading by rhizomes, so is

not suited for very small landscapes. Height Different species of grasshoppers and 6 feet caterpillars will feed on the blades of Indian Grass; in turn these insects are important

food sources for upland game birds and Bloom Time song birds, where they will also find ideal August, nesting habitat in stands of tall prairie September grasses such as Indian Grass. Becasue Yellow Indian Grass is tolerant to poor

soils, it can be used for erosion control Plant Spacing where other native plants won’t survive. 2-3' Sun Exposure Columbine Aquilegia canadensis, Columbine, Full, Partial, Shade also called Red or American Latin Name: Aquilegia Canadensis Columbine, is one of the first plants to Soil Moisture Ojibwa Name: Misudidjeebik provide nectar in the spring for bees, Medium, butterflies, and hummingbirds.The Medium-Dry, Dry colorful flowers are red flowing into

Height yellow. Besides being an early 2 feet bloomer, Columbine will tolerate a large range of soil and sun types, so Bloom Time you'll have success with it in April, May, June full sun as well as shade. It can grow in pine tree areas and is Bloom Color deer-resistant. The seeds of Red, Yellow Aquilegia are shiny black pearls and

can be easily collected and planted. Plant Spacing 10-17" In traditional medicinal practices the root was used for stomach trouble.

Pale Purple Coneflower Sun Exposure Latin Name:Echinacea Pallida Full, Partial Ojibwa Name:

Soil Moisture Medium, Pale Purple Coneflower Medium-Dry, grows up to 3' feet tall Dry and has very pale purple to pink flowers. It blooms Height in early summer when 3 feet only a few of the sun Bloom Time loving plants are in bloom June, July and provides nectar for hummingbirds and Bloom Color butterflies, and the leaves Pink provide food for the Plant Spacing Ottoe-skipper larva. 10-18" Sun Exposure Thimbleweed Full, Partial Latin Name: Anenome Cylindrica

Ojibwa Name: Gaanda’igwaasoning Ezhinaagwak Soil Moisture Medium, Medium-Dry, Dry Thimbleweed has a tall, upright stem rising from clumped basal leaves with a whorl of three or more deeply-lobed Height leaves. The greenish white flowers fruit 2 feet into a greenish white elongated cluster that resembles the rough part of a thimble. In Greek mythology, a jealous Bloom Time goddess transformed the nymph Anemone into a flower, eternally at the June, July mercy of the north wind. Also called Long-Fruited Thimbleweed, Anemone cylindrica prefers dry, open spaces. Bloom Color Traditionally an infusion of the root was White used to relieve lung congestion and tuberulosis. Sun Exposure Pearly Everlasting Full, Partial Latin Name: Anaphalis Margaritacea Ojibwa Name: Waabigwan Soil Moisture Medium-Dry, Dry The stems and elongated leaves of Pearly Height Everlasting are covered with white hairs. 2 feet Clustered at the top of erect stems, the tiny yellow flowers are enclosed by white papery Bloom Time bracts, often mistaken for petals. The June, July, blossoms can be dried for durable bouquets. August, In the spring, this plant is a larvae host for the September American Painted Lady. The young larvae create a silken web around the plant to feed. Bloom Color This can look discouraging if you are trying to White grow this plant, but like in many native plant-insect relationships, the plant generally Plant makes a full recovery and flowers by late Spacing summer. Both the flowers and the leaves were 1-3' used traditionally for their medicinal powers; the leaves were smoked to revive stroke victims, the flowers were used in an herbal steam for rheumatism and paralysis. Sun Exposure Full, Partial Smooth Aster is found in dry Smooth Aster open forests (oak, aspen, jack Soil Moisture Latin Name: Symphotricum Laeve pine) and thickets, especially Medium-Wet, Ojibwa Name: at borders and clearings; fields Medium, and roadsides; sandy plains, Medium-Dry bluffs, stabilized dunes; prairies, meadows, shores. Height The tough stem often takes on 4 feet a shade of blue also and will

Bloom Time allow Smooth Blue Aster to August, stand tall during its long late September, summer to mid fall bloom. A October non-aggressive rhizomatous root system allows the plant to Bloom Color spread slowly. In a garden Blue setting, Smooth Blue Aster will persist for many years if taller, Plant Spacing aggressive plants are kept 18-24" back. It attracts bees and

butterflies as well. Sun Exposure Big Blue Stem A characteristic prairie species, but Full, Partial spreading along roadsides and Latin Name: Andropogon Gerardii railroads; in oak forests, jack pine Ojibwa Name: Muckode’kanes Soil Moisture plains, old fields, fens and sedge

Medium-Wet, meadows. May be as tall as 3 m. Medium, Big Bluestem is a warm season Medium-Dry, Dry grass; it actively grows during the summer when soil temperatures Height are warm. It is a big plant, getting 7 feet over six feet tall in most situations. In a landscape it can be used as an Bloom Time accent. It has great fall color in the June, July, range of gold and pink. August, Traditionally, the roots were used September in a decoction for stomach pain and as a diuretic. Big bluestem was Plant Spacing the dominant species o fthe tall 2-3' grass prairie that once covered much of southern Wisconsin and Minnesota. Its flowering parts form three-parted spike resembling a turkeys foot. Sun Exposure Canada Milk Vetch is a common plant found throughout the US and Full, Partial Canada Milk Vetch Canada. This adaptable species

Latin Name: Astragalus Canandensis can thrive in a variety of Soil Moisture Ojibwa Name: environments including dry prairies, Medium-Wet, moist shores, river banks, marshy Medium, ground, and other open or partly Medium-Dry, Dry shaded ground. It sends out several thin, erect, green stems, Height bearing leaves that are actually 3 feet made up of pairs of leaflets, each leaflet up to 3 centimeters in length. Bloom Time It has inflorescences of tubular, June, July, August greenish-white flowers which yield beanlike fruits within pods that Bloom Color rattle when dry. This is a legume Cream species (member of the pea family). Most legumes harbor Plant Spacing beneficial bacteria called rhizobia 18-24" on their roots. This is a legume species (member of the pea family). Most legumes harbor beneficial bacteria called rhizobia on their roots. Sun Yellow Coneflower Exposure Latin Name: Ratibida Pinnata Full, Partial Ojibwa Name: Yellow Coneflower is native to dry prairies and Soil Moisture savannas. It has stiff and rough-feeling coarse Medium, leaves, and showy yellow flowers which have droopy Medium-Dry soft yellow rays. The cone-like green centers eventually change to a dark purple or brown. Many Height insects are attracted to this plant such as butterflies and bees. This species is a perennial herb which 5 feet can well exceed one meter in height. It has fibrous roots and rhizomes or woody caudices The Bloom Time rough-haired, glandular leaves are up to 40 July, August, centimeters long and are divided into several large lance-shaped or oval lobes. The groups of flowers September are tall, generally far above the highest leaves. Each flower head contains up to 15 yellow ray florets up to Bloom Color 6 centimeters long. The center of the flower is Yellow globular or oval in shape and measures up to 2.5 centimeters long. It is covered in up to 200 or more disc florets which are yellow-green to purplish in Plant color. The disc heads have a scent reminiscent of Spacing anise when crushed. Native near prairie remnants 18-24" (including roadsides and fencerows), at margins of swamps, and in dry open ground. Green Coneflower Sun Exposure Latin Name: Rudbeckia Lacinata Full, Partial, Shade Ojibwa Name: Giizisobagoons Soil Moisture Green Coneflower has a conical Medium-Wet, greensih center of the compositie head and bright yellow, petal like out Medium flowers that droop. The leaves of tall, green coneflower are deeply lobed Height (3-5 lobes per leaf) and are arranged 7 feet alternately on a smooth stem. The plants can grow to a height of 10 feet Bloom Time and are usually found in patches on July, August, moist soils, along wood edges and stream banks during the months of September, July and August. Ojibwa used this October species medicinally by preparing a poultice of the blossoms and Bloom Color applying it to burns, and making a Yellow compound infusion of the root for indigestion. Tall coneflower leaves were eaten as a spring salad and Plant Spacing parts of the root were applied to the 2-4' legs of horses as a stimulant. Joe Pye Weed (Spotted) Latin Name: Euthrochium Maculatum Sun Exposure Ojibwa Name: Maeskwanakukbugisowin Full, Partial

Soil Moisture Wet, Spotted Joe-Pye weed is similar to Medium-Wet sweet Joe-Pye Weed except that its stems are a deeper purple or purple Height spotted. The flower clusters are flat 5 feet topped. The leaves are in whorls of 4 and 5 and the plant can grow up to 7 feet tall. Spotted Joe-Pye weed is Bloom Time found along river courses and lake July, August, shores, associated with boneset, September swamp milkweed, and both sensitive and royal ferns. The roots of this Bloom Color species were used as a wash for Pink joint inflammations as well as a soothing bath for “fretful” children. Plant Spacing 3-4' Wild Rose This 2 to 5 feet tall rose Sun Exposure is thornless, or nearly so. Latin Name: Rosa Blanda Full, Partial It grows in the sandy soil Ojibwa Name: Oginiiwaatig of fields and edges,

Soil Moisture often with jack pine. The Medium, alternate leaves are Medium-Dry, Dry compound, with 5-9 blunt, toothed leaflets. Height Pink flowers with 5 5 feet petals bloom in May to July. The fruit is a red, Bloom Time shiny, roundish rose-hip, June, July ripening from August to October and was used in Bloom Color teas. In traditional Pink medicine practices the dried powdered flowers were used for heartburn and the skin of the fruit was used to treat stomach trouble and indigestion. Boneset Boneset is a fall blooming Latin Name: Eupatorium Perfoliatum species with clusters of fuzzy Sun Exposure Ojibwa name: Sasabwaksing white flowers. It has leaves in Full, Partial pairs that unite and encircle the

stem at their base. The okant is Soil Moisture densely hairy all over and can Medium-Wet, grow to about 5 feet tall. Medium, Boneset generally is found Medium-Dry growing in open wet areas, as

along river courses and on lake Height shores, associated with Joe-Pye 4 feet weed and swamp milkweed,

Traditionally the roots of this Bloom Time plant were used to correct August, irregular menstrual flow and the September, boiled flower tops were used to October aid in the pains of rheumatism.

In addition, the root fibers were Bloom Color combined with the roots of White common milkweed and applied

to a whistle to attract deer. Blue Vervain is found in moist Sun Exposure Blue Vervain meadows, fields, prairies, and Full, Partial Latin Name: Verbena Hastata along stream banks. The stem is Ojibwa Name: Zhawaseshkoohnse square, with grooves, and the Soil Moisture opposite leaves are toothed and Wet, pointed (though the lower leaves Medium-Wet, may have 3 lobes). The small, 5 Medium petalled purple flowers are born in

spikes that bloom from bottom up. Height Traditionally, a snuff of dried 5 feet flowers was used to treat

nosebleeds. Bloom Time July, August, September

Bloom Color Blue

Plant Spacing 18-24" Sun Exposure Fireweed Full, Partial Latin Name: Chamaenerion Angustifolium Ojibwa Name: Ozaashijiibik Soil Moisture Fireweed is a common plant in Medium-Wet, clearings, along roadsides, on Medium, disturbed ground, and is often Medium-Dry one of the first to appear after a burning. It grows to be 2-7 Height feet tall, with alternate leaves 4 feet and bright pink flowers that bloom from June to August Bloom Time with 4 roundish petals. The July, August fruit is a reddish pod of seeds, angling upward on the stem. In Bloom Color traditional medical practices a Pink poultice of moistened fresh or dried leaves was used on Plant Spacing bruises and to remove slivers, 1-2' while a poultice of pounded roots was used to treat boils and carbuncles. Sun Exposure Common Milkweed Full, Partial Latin Name: Asclepias Syriaca Ojibwa Name: Ininiwinzh Soil Moisture Medium-Wet, Common Milkweed is found most often today along dry open roadsides and in old fields out from the Medium, woods’ edge. Many folks are familiar with the seed Medium-Dry, Dry pods that split open in late summer releasing their airborne seed. The leaves and stems of this species Height are covered with fine hair, and the flowers are a rose 3 feet to brown color. Common milkweed grow to about 5 feet tall. Monarch butterflies lay their eggs exclusively on Milkweed plants, making them the sole food Bloom Time source for their larvae. Once found in abundance in June, July, nearly every farm field, ditch, and disturbed site, August Common Milkweed numbers have been in dramatic decline in recent years, due in part to suburban Bloom Color development and the increased efficiency of Pink herbicides used in conjunction with herbicide-tolerant, genetically modified row crops. Traditionally this plant was used a gynecological aid to produce post-birth Plant Spacing milk flow in the mother. The young flower buds of 2-3' milkweed are edible and were eaten as greens. The root was combined with root fibers of boneset and applied to a whistle for calling deer. Swamp Milkweed Latin Name: Asclepias Incarnata Sun Exposure Ojibwa Name: Bagizowin Full, Partial Swamp milkweed is a beautiful Soil Moisture pink to lavender color. It has Wet, Medium-Wet, the misfortune of being Medium mistaken for the troublesome plant, purple loosestrife. This Height milkweed species grows to 4 feet about 4 feet tall and has rather lance shaped leaves. Swamp Bloom Time milkweed has the characteristic June, July, August milky sap of milkweed, but this species is found on the edges Bloom Color of rivers and swamp borders, Pink away from the shade of any tree canopy. American Indians Plant Spacing used the roots of this plant as a 18-36" strengthening bath for the both adults and children. Asemaa was the first of the four Tobacco medicines to be gifted to the Latin Name: Nicotiana Rustica Anishinaabe people by the creator. Asemaa is meant for Ojibwa Name: Asemaa Sun Exposure the use of prayer and offering. The dried leaves were crumbled Full, Partial and given as offerings before wild herbs, especially medicinal Soil Moisture plants, were harvested or game Medium, Medium-Dry animals killed. Asemaa is very difficult and time-consuming to start from seed. The very fine Height seeds must be spread in soft, 2 feet sifted soil, barely covered, and misted to enable germination. It Bloom Time is a heavy feeder, requiring rich soil, shade, and fertilizers July, August, September during the growing season.This species has wingless Bloom Color petioles, while the tobacco Yellow that has replaced it in cultivation, N. tabacum, has short winged petioles or sessile decurrent leaves. Nicotiana rustica has a higher nicotine content

Sun Exposure Bloodroot Full, Partial Latin Name: Sanguinaria Canandensis Bloodroot is an early spring Ojibwa Name:Meskwijiibikak ephemeral, and flowers in April and May. The single white Soil Moisture flower has up to 8 to 10 petals Medium-Wet, and is between 3 and 12 Medium, inches tall, taller than the leaf. Medium-Dry Wrapped around the stem of the flower is the single, lobed leaf. The juice of the broken Height stem is orange or blood 6 inches colored. Bloodroot is found in medium to rich woods and Bloom Time forests. Traditional medical April, May practices found many uses for this plant, including as a Bloom Color treatment for fainting and fits, as a blood medicine, as a cure White for sore throats, and as a treatment for gonorrhea. The Plant Spacing roots were also used in making 6-10" a red dye. False Sunflower grows in prairies, Sun Exposure False Sunflower fens, meadows, river banks, and Full, Partial Latin Name: Heliopsis Helianthoides other moist ground; savannas and Ojibwa name: Giizisobagoons thickets (especially at borders and Soil Moisture clearings) with aspen, birch, and Medium-Wet, other trees; evidently spreading Medium, along roadsides and railroads. It Medium-Dry looks very much like a sunflower species, except that both the inner Height flowers and the outer, yellow 5 feet petal-like flowers form the typical sunflower seed. (In true

sunflowers only the inner flowers Bloom Time form the seed.) False sunflower June, July, August, has short, paired arrow-shaped September leaves attached to a smooth stem. It can grow to between 3 and 5 Bloom Color feet and is found in both dry and Yellow wet open habitats. This species was used medicinally as a Plant Spacing stimulant, by applying a decoction 18-36" of either the fresh or dried root to the limbs. Black-Eyed Susan Sun Exposure Full, Partial Latin Name: Rudbeckia Hirta Ojibwa Name: Wezawab-gonik Soil Moisture Medium-Wet, Black-Eyed Susan is a biennial or short Medium, lived perennial species growing 1-3 feet Medium-Dry tall. The leaves are variable in shape, and the whole plant is hairy or bristly. Height From June to October the daisy-like 2 feet flower blooms singly ona slender stem. The dark purple or brown disk is about Bloom Time a ½ inch wide, and the rays are June, July, orangish-yellow to yellow. This member August, of the sunflower family grows in various September, habitats, including in dry fields, open October woods, and along roadsides. The blossoms of black-eyed susan, together Bloom Color with other flowers were used by Yellow Indigenous Peoples to make poultices for babies for unspecified ailments. Plant Spacing 10-12" Bee Balm Sun Exposure Latin Name: Monarda Fistulosa Full, Partial Ojibwa Name: Sasap-kwanins Soil Moisture Wild bergamot is the most abundant of the Medium-Wet, horsemints. It is found growing in clearings, Medium, thickets, prairies, fields, and along edges of Medium-Dry, Dry dry fields. It grows to heights of 2 to 3 feet,

and has a square stem like many other mints. The opposite, lance-shaped leaves are Height toothed and aromatic when crushed. In July 4 feet and August the pinkish or pale lilac lipped flowers bloom in large terminal clusters. Bee Bloom Time Balm had many medicinal uses in Native July, August, American culture. Chewed leaves were placed September in the nostrils to relieve headaches, a decoction of the root and flowers was Bloom Color administered for worms, a poultice of Purple moistened dry flowers and leaves was used as a dressing for burns, an infusion of flowers Plant Spacing and leaves was used as a skin wash, and the 2-3' steam of the boiled plant was inhaled to treat respiratory problems. Evening primrose is a tall, Sun Exposure Evening Primrose roadside or disturbed Full, Partial Latin Name: Oenothera Biennis ground plant with a large Ojibwa Name: Moose-ojiibik spike of 4 petalled yellow Soil Moisture flowers. The flowers are Medium-Wet, characterized by a cross Medium, shaped tipped to the ovary Medium-Dry, Dry and leafy green bracts immediately below the Height flowers that point 6 feet downward. The bright green leaves of evening primrose Bloom Time are lance-shaped and wavy June, July, or crinkly at the edges. This August, species is a biennial, that is, September, it produces flowers and October, seed ony in its second year, November after which it dies and relies on its seed to carry on the Bloom Color lineage. A poultice utilizing Yellow the whole plant was applied to ease the pain of bruises. Sweetgrass Wiingashk is generally found south of Latin Name: Hierochloe Odorata the ceded territories, although it is found Ojibwa Name: Wiingashk in scattered locations in Rusk and Dunn Sun Exposure counties. It grows on the edges of wet Full, Partial woods and in wet meadows. The stems of wiingashk occur singly or a few in a bunch along creeping underground Soil Moisture stems (rhizomes). This species’ Wet, Medium-Wet, flowering structures occur as loose Medium spikes of golden-brown grains in early summer. The long leaves produced Height later in the summer contain coumarin, a sweet-smelling vanilla-like compound 2 feet that gives this species its name. Wiingashk is used in all types of Bloom Time basketry, braided, and cut and burned May, June, July as one of the four sacred medicines in ceremonies. Wiingashk is a gift from Plant Spacing Mother Earth. It is said to be part of her hair and the use of wiingashk promotes 1-2' strength and kindness. When braiding wiingashk each strand of the braid represents mind, body and spirit. Western Sunflower Sun Exposure Latin Name: Helianthus Occidentalis Full, Partial Ojibwa Name: Pukite’wukboku s’

Soil Moisture This sunflower species has very Medium, few leaves on the upper part of the Medium-Dry, Dry stem, and very long stalks on the large basal leaves. It grows to a Height height of 1 to 3 feet on dry-soil 3 feet habitats as in open fields and the edges of oak woods. The yellow Bloom Time flowers of the composite head July, August, bloom in August, sorrounding a September rather flat-topped disk of central

Bloom Color flowers. A poultice of the crushed Yellow roots was used by the Ojibwa on bruises and contusions. Plant Spacing 10-12" Lance-Leaf Coreopsis Latin Name: Coreopsis Lanceolata Sun Exposure Ojibwa Name: Full Lance-leaf Coreopsis waves Soil Moisture brightly in late spring and early Medium-Dry, Dry summer. It is rather local (sometimes common) on sand Height dunes along Lake Michigan and 2 feet Lake Huron and adjacent dry to moist shores and borders of Bloom Time forests; open sandy banks, May, June, July, grasslands, roadsides, oak-pine August savanna; banks and bluffs. Some populations may represent

escapes from cultivation; this Bloom Color showy native does well in gardens Yellow and spreads readily.The bright yellow, daisy-like flowers are about Plant Spacing 1 1/2" in diameter and bloom 10-16" singly on long stems. The ray petals have four deep lobes on their margins. This species also is commonly called Sand Coreopsis. Butterfly Milkweed Latin Name: Asclepias Tuberosa Ojibwa Name: Sun Exposure Full, Partial

Soil Moisture Medium, Medium-Dry, Dry

Height 2 feet

Bloom Time June, July, August

Bloom Color Orange

Plant Spacing 1-3'