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The History of Baroque Style THE HISTORY OF BAROQUE STYLE PRODUCT PRESENTATION-7X660 HONG YANG-0928296 Content Chapter I Chapter III The history of baroque style The profound influence of baroque style in architecture 1.1-Introduction 1.2-Etymology 3.1-Italy 1.3-Early Baroque period-c.1590–c.1625 3.2-Spain 1.4-High Baroque period-c.1625–c.1660 3.3-France 1.5-Late Baroque period-c.1660–c.1725 Chapter II Chapter IV Different fields influenced by the baroque The dissemination and variation of style Baroque style in China 2.1-Music field 4.1-The infiltration of occidental baroque style 2.2-Painting field 4.2-Origin of Chinese Baroque 2.3-Architecture field 4.3-High prevalence of Chinese baroque 2.4-Sculpture field 4.4-The eclecticism baroque in China 1 CHAPTER I THE HISTORY OF BAROQUE STYLE 2 3 Background Etymology The Baroque is often thought of as a period of artistic The word baroque is derived from the Portuguese word style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily "barroco", Spanish "barroco", or French "baroque", all interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, of which refer to a "rough or imperfect pearl", though and grandeur in sculpture, painting, architecture, whether it entered those languages via Latin, Arabic, or literature, dance, theater, and music. The style began some other source is uncertain. around 1600 in Rome, Italy and spread to most of Europe. The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition thought the term was derived from the Spanish barrueco, a large, The popularity and success of the Baroque style irregularly-shaped pearl, and that it had for a time been was encouraged by the Catholic Church, which had confined to the craft of the jeweller. decided at the time of the Council of Trent, in response to the Protestant Reformation, that the arts should Others derive it from the mnemonic term "Baroco", communicate religious themes in direct and emotional Baroque style pattern-1 a supposedly laboured form of syllogism in logical involvement. Scholastica.The Latin root can be found in bis-roca. The aristocracy also saw the dramatic style of Baroque In informal usage, the word baroque can simply mean architecture and art as a means of impressing visitors that something is "elaborate", with many details, without and expressing triumph, power and control. Baroque reference to the Baroque styles of the 17th and 18th palaces are built around an entrance of courts, grand centuries. staircases and reception rooms of sequentially increasing opulence. The word "Baroque", like most periodic or stylistic designations, was invented by later critics rather than However, "baroque" has resonance and application that practitioners of the arts in the 17th and early 18th extend beyond a simple reduction to either style or centuries. period. It is a French transliteration of the Portuguese phrase "pérola barroca", which means "irregular pearl", and natural pearls that deviate from the usual, regular forms Baroque style pattern-2 so they do not have an axis of rotation are known as 4 5 "baroque pearls". Early Baroque, c.1590–c.1625 The term "Baroque" was initially used in a derogatory sense, to underline the excesses of its emphasis. In The Baroque originated around 1600, several decades particular, the term was used to describe its eccentric after the Council of Trent (1545–63), by which the redundancy and noisy abundance of details, which Roman Catholic Church answered many questions of sharply contrasted the clear and sober rationality of the internal reform, addressed the representational arts Renaissance. by demanding that paintings and sculptures in church contexts should speak to the illiterate rather than to the Although it was long thought that the word as a critical well-informed. This turn toward a populist conception term was first applied to architecture, in fact it appears of the function of ecclesiastical art is seen by many art earlier in reference to music, in an anonymous, satirical historians as driving the innovations of Caravaggio and review of the première in October 1733 of Jean-Philippe brothers Agostino and Annibale Carracci, all of who were Rameau's Hippolyte et Aricie, printed in the Mercure de working in Rome around 1600. France in May 1734. Baroque style pattern-3 The appeal of Baroque style turned consciously from the The critic implied that the novelty in this opera was "du witty, intellectual qualities of 16th-century Mannerist art barocque", complaining that the music lacked coherent to a visceral appeal aimed at the senses. It employed melody, was unsparing with dissonances, constantly an iconography that was direct, simple, obvious, and changed key and meter, and speedily ran through every theatrical. compositional device. Baroque art drew on certain broad and heroic tendencies in Annibale Carracci and his circle, and found inspiration in other artists like Correggio and Caravaggio and Federico Barocci, nowadays sometimes termed 'proto- Baroque'. Germinal ideas of the Baroque can also be found in the work of MichelangeloThere are contrasting phrase lengths, harmony and counterpoint have ousted polyphony, and orchestral color makes a stronger appearance. Even more generalized parallels perceived by some experts in philosophy, prose style and poetry, Baroque style pattern-4 are harder to pinpoint. The facede of Church of Gesu 6 7 High Baroque, c.1625–c.1660 Late Baroque, c.1660–c.1725 Between the early 17th century to mid 17th century, it While in the beginning of 18th century, which was is widely accepted that this period is considered as the regarded as the flourishing moment of baroque style, most glorious moment of baroque style. The application the whole European continent began to experience of baroque style was in rapid development and influenced a dramatic change in terms of various aspects, like considerably in different art’s field like Architecture, culture, politics and arts. literature, costume and music. Although baroque style had inherited the illusionism The arts centre of European continent shifted gradually concept which established during the Renaissance from Italy to France, which contributed the Baroque period, it abandoned the simple, harmonious, stable style to decline and fall rapidly. Following the artistic classical style, pursuing a complicated hyperbole, development discipline, naissance- prosperity – decline, magnificent, mighty, rich dynamic artistic realm. The with the emerge of another art school, the Rococo style, most representative of baroque style in the painting field baroque declined and fell eventually. The rococo style-1 was Peter Paul Rubens (1577 ~ 1640), while Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini (1598 ~1680) was regarded as the most outstanding master in terms of architecture and Though Baroque was superseded in many aspects by sculpture. the Rococo style, beginning in France in the late 1720s, especially for interiors, paintings and the decorative arts, The reason why baroque style could play a dominant the Baroque style continued to be used in architecture role in the 17 century was that it used a different and until the advent of Neoclassicism in the later 18th unique way to express the concept of artistic spirit century. See the Neapolitan palace of Caserta, a Baroque when comparing with the methods used in Renaissance palace whose construction began in 1752. period. If the Renaissance could be defined as classicism, while baroque could be regarded as romanticism. Furthermore, the baroque style bought some innovative and dynamic concepts in that period, that was why it had a profound influence in different art fields and dominated continuously in 17 century/ The rococo style-2 8 9 CHAPTER II DIFFERENT FIELDS INFLUENCED BY THE BAROQUE STYLE 10 11 Music field Painting field The baroque music was defined as a elaborated and A defining statement of what Baroque signifies in painting gorgeous music style during 17 century to 18 century in is provided by the series of paintings executed by Peter Europe.The term "Baroque" is generally used by music Paul Rubens for Marie de Medici at the Luxembourg historians to describe a broad range of styles from a wide Palace in Paris, in which a Catholic painter satisfied a geographic region, mostly in Europe, composed over a Catholic patron: Baroque-era conceptions of monarchy, period of approximately 150 years. iconography, handling of paint, and compositions as well as the depiction of space and movement. Although it was long thought that the word as a critical term was first applied to architecture, in fact it Baroque style featured "exaggerated lighting, intense appears earlier in reference to music, in an anonymous, emotions, release from restraint, and even a kind of satirical review of the première in October 1733 of artistic sensationalism". Baroque art did not really Rameau'sHippolyte et Aricie, printed in the Mercure de depict the life style of the people at that time; however, France in May 1734. Johann Sebastian Bach "closely tied to the Counter-Reformation, this style Peter Paul Rubens melodramatically reaffirmed the emotional depths of the The critic implied that the novelty in this opera was "du Catholic faith and glorified both church and monarchy" of barocque," complaining that the music lacked coherent their power and influence. melody, was filled with unremitting dissonances, constantly changed key and meter, and speedily ran There were highly diverse strands of Italian baroque through every compositional device. painting, from Caravaggio to Cortona; both approaching emotive dynamism with different styles. The systematic application by historians of the term "baroque" to music of this period is a relatively recent Another frequently cited work of Baroque art is Bernini's development. In 1919, Curt Sachs became the first to Saint Theresa in Ecstasy for the Cornaro chapel in Saint apply the five characteristics of Heinrich Wölfflin's theory Maria della Vittoria, which brings together architecture, of the Baroque systematically to music.
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