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Enquête Sur La Main-D'œuvre Dans Le Secteur Canadien De L'énergie

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Enquête Sur La Main-D'œuvre Dans Le Secteur Canadien De L'énergie Enquête sur la main-d’œuvre dans le secteur canadien de l’énergie solaire 2009 Contenu Sommaire ................................................................................................. 1 Synopsis........................................................................................................................1 Contexte........................................................................................................................1 Conclusions de l'enquête ..............................................................................................2 1 Introduction........................................................................................... 5 2 Prortrait de l'industrie solaire du Canada .............................................. 7 A. Introduction...............................................................................................................7 B. Segment photovoltaïque ..........................................................................................7 C. Segment des systèmes héliothermiques ...............................................................16 D. Facteurs qui stimulent la croissance de l'énergie solaire au Canada ....................21 E. Obstacles à l'énergie solaire au Canada................................................................23 F. Résumé ..................................................................................................................26 3 Conclusions de l'enquête.................................................................... 28 A. Segments de l'industrie ..........................................................................................28 B. Catégories d'activités .............................................................................................28 C. Nombred'ÉPT en 2008 et prévision pour 2011 ......................................................30 D. Les travailleurs des industries solaires par fonction...............................................31 E. Pénuries de pesonnel adéquatement qualifiés en 2008 ........................................33 F. Propositions de politiques et programmes pour atténuer la pénurie......................36 G. Retombées des conclusions de l'enquête..............................................................38 H. Mot de la fin............................................................................................................41 Annexe A – Questionnaire de l'enquête................................................... 42 Annexe B – Formation actuelle pour les installateurs par segment ......... 55 i www.avenirbrillant.ca Sommaire Synopsis Cette étude a pour objectif d’identifier les grandes tendances de la main-d’œuvre des industries solaires du Canada pour les trois prochaines années. L’étude comprend une enquête par Internet auprès de 91 entreprises du secteur des industries solaires canadiennes. Les conclusions de l’enquête seront utilisées par l’Association canadienne des industries solaires (CanSIA) et par le Conseil sectoriel de l’électricité pour collaborer avec les intervenants en vue de l’élaboration de politiques et de programmes adéquats permettant à l’industrie de se munir de ressources humaines compétentes et bien formées en vue d’appuyer sa croissance. Les entreprises solaires prévoient une importante croissance (101 %) du nombre d’équivalents temps plein employés d’ici la fin de 2011, malgré l’incertitude économique qui commençait à se faire sentir au moment de la réalisation de l’enquête (Octobre - Novembre 2008). Quelque 41 % des entreprises éprouvaient des pénuries de main-d’œuvre au moment de l’enquête, particulièrement d’installateurs (75 % des entreprises qui éprouvaient des pénuries). À la fin de 2011, 51 % des entreprises s’attendent à des pénuries, encore une fois dans le domaine des installations (78 %) suivi de la conception et l’intégration de systèmes (51 %), de la gestion de projet (40 %), et de l’ingénierie (40 %). En termes de programmes et politiques proposés pour atténuer les pénuries de main-d’œuvre, on a fortement recommandé l’ajout d’études solaires aux programmes d’enseignement d’ingénierie et de techniques des collèges et universités, ainsi que l’établissement d’un système d’agrément pancanadien de très haut niveau pour les installateurs de systèmes photovoltaïque et héliothermiques. L’adoption d’un programme d’apprentissage de gestion de projet a également été souvent mentionnée. Contexte Ce rapport comprend les conclusions de l’enquête sur la main-d’œuvre menée auprès des entreprises de l’industrie solaire par Kelly Sears Consulting Group pour le compte de l’Association canadienne des industries nucléaires (CanSIA) et du Conseil sectoriel de l’électricité. Cette étude avait pour objectif d’élaborer un portrait concis de l’industrie solaire canadienne en se fondant sur l’examen de sources secondaires, et sur l’identification des tendances du marché de l’emploi dans les segments photovoltaïque 1 www.avenirbrillant.ca (PV) et héliothermique (HT) de l’industrie. Cette étude représente la première étape pour CanSIA et le Conseil sectoriel de l’électricité en vue d’une collaboration avec les intervenants du secteur pour l’élaboration de programmes et politiques pour faire en sorte que l’industrie solaire canadienne soit munie de ressources humaines compétentes et adéquatement formées pour soutenir sa croissance. Conclusions de l’enquête 1. Profil des entreprises répondantes Au total, 2 987 entreprises ont été invitées par courriel à participer à l’enquête en ligne. La base de sondage comprenait plus de 90 % du secteur, tel que vérifié par la base de données des membres de CanSIA et les annuaires professionnels populaires.1 Parmi ces entreprises, 91 ont répondu, soit un taux de réponse de 32 %, ce qui est supérieur à la moyenne de 10 à 20 % de taux de réponse habituel pour ce genre d’enquête. Les entreprises répondantes étaient réparties également entre segments PV et HT, 27,5 % pour chacun, alors que 42 % opéraient dans les deux segments, et trois pour cent dans l’autre segment d’énergie renouvelable.2 Selon les statistiques disponibles sur l’industrie, les réponses aux questions de l’enquête semble représentatives de l’industrie. Les entreprises évoluent dans plusieurs catégories d’activité. Les catégories les plus fréquemment mentionnées par le segment PV portaient sur : les intégrateurs de systèmes (48 %), les installateurs (46 %), et les concessionnaires/détaillants (43 %). Les catégories professionnelles mentionnées plus fréquemment par le segment HT portaient sur les installateurs (62 %) et les détaillants (46 %). 2. La main-d’œuvre en 2008 et 2011 Les 88 répondantes aux segments PV et HT font état d’un nombre total de 1 524 équivalents plein-temps (ÉPT) en 2008. Cette main-d’œuvre devrait croître pour s’établir à 3 069 ÉPT d’ici 2011 – soit un taux de croissance spectaculaire de 101 % des ÉPT au cours des trois prochaines années. Cette prédiction de croissance énergique est significative compte tenu du fait que cette enquête s’est déroulée au moment où une récession économique sévère s’amorçait. La perspective positive des entreprises des industries solaires peuvent être mises sur le compte d’une conviction croissante que les technologies vertes constitueront le pivot de la croissance économique à venir. 1 http://energy.sourceguides.com. 2 Le segment photovoltaïque (PV) utilise la technologie (piles solaires) pour convertir les rayons directs du soleil en électricité. Le segment héliothermique (HT) utilise la technologie pour capturer l’énergie solaire à des fins d’énergie thermale (chauffage). Notons parmi les autres formes d’énergie renouvelable celle de l’éolien, de l’hydro-électricité (eau) et la biomasse. 2 www.avenirbrillant.ca On a demandé aux entreprises d’affecter leurs ÉPT à des fonctions professionnelles précises en 2008. Les opérations de fabrication, de vente, de recherche, de contrôle de qualité, de gestion de projet, d’installation et d’ingénierie constituent 65 % de tous les ÉPT. On a également demandé aux répondantes de projeter la croissance de chacune des fonctions au cours des trois prochaines années. La plus grande croissance de fonction prévue est celle de la gestion de projet (178 % : de 122 ÉPT en 2008 à 339 en 2011). Le deuxième taux de croissance le plus élevé devrait être celui des installateurs (146 % : de 107 ÉPT à 263 ÉPT). Les autres fonctions pour lesquelles on envisage une forte croissance étaient celles des ventes (120 %) et de la fabrication (107 %). 3. Pénuries de main-d’œuvre Actuellement, 41 % des entreprises éprouvent des pénuries de main-d’œuvre. Les professions les plus fréquemment mentionnées sont l’installation (parmi les entreprises éprouvant des pénuries, 75 % ont mentionné cette profession); les domaines techniques (39 %); la conception et l’intégration de systèmes (39 %); les ventes (39 %); la gestion de projet (25 %); et, l’ingénierie (25 %). Dans trois ans, les pénuries de main-d’œuvre devraient devenir plus en plus répandues : 51 % des entreprises s’attendent à éprouver des pénuries de personnel compétent d’ici 2011 (à comparer à 41 % en 2008). Les principales professions qui devraient se faire rares sont : les installateurs (parmi les entreprises qui s’attendent à des pénuries, 78 % ont choisi cette profession), viennent ensuite la conception et l’intégration de système (51 %), la gestion de projet (40 %), l’ingénierie (40 %), les ventes (38 %) et les professions techniques (36 %). Parmi les entreprises qui éprouvent en ce moment des pénuries de main-d’œuvre, 51
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