DOCSLIB.ORG

White Paper on the Agile Process : RUP and Scrum

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
White Paper on the Agile Process : RUP and Scrum White paper on the Agile process : RUP and Scrum Version : V1.0 Company : CoMakeIT Date : 10/10/2007 1 Copyright© 2007 Oct , 2007 The Agile Process: RUP and Scrum Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………............3 What is Rational Unified Process or RUP ?....................................................................3 Characteristics……………………………………………………………………………3 What is Scrum? .................................................................................................................4 Best practices of the RUP and how Scrum is integrated…………………....................5 RUP disciplines……………………………………………………………………….….7 Life cycle of the RUP…………………………………………………………………….8 Two Dimensions process…………..…………………………………………………….9 Tools for tailoring RUP in context of Scrum……………………………………….…10 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………10 References………………………………………………………………………………11 2 Copyright© 2007 Introduction In order to mitigate problems faced in the proprietary software development processes, base your process framework on open, published, supported standards, iterative and incremental approach. Two software development stand out as strong candidates for consideration: The Rational processes Unified Process(Unified Process) Scrum Methodology These processes are well documented and publicly available. In this paper, we will briefly describe The Rational Unified Process and highlight why it is so important and how it addresses specific shortcomings of proprietary development processes and how scrum is integrated with in it. What is Rational Unified Process or RUP ? The Rational Unified Process is a Software Engineering Process. It provides a disciplined approach to assigning tasks and responsibilities within a development organization. Its goal is to ensure the production of high-quality software that meets the needs of its end-users, within a predictable schedule and budget. The Rational Unified Process is a process product, developed and maintained by Rational Software. It enhances team productivity, by providing every team member with easy access to a knowledge base with guidelines, templates and tool mentors for all critical development activities. By having all team members accessing the same knowledge base, no matter if you work with requirements, design, test, project management, or configuration management, we ensure that all team members share a common language, process and view of how to develop software. Its activities create and maintain models. Rather than focusing on the production of large amount of paper documents, the Unified Process emphasizes the development and maintenance of models—semantically rich representations of the software system under development. The Rational Unified Process is a guide for how to effectively use the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The Rational Unified Process is supported by tools, which automate large parts of the process. They are used to create and maintain the various artifacts—models in particular—of the software engineering process: visual modeling, programming, testing, etc. They are invaluable in supporting all the bookkeeping associated with the change management as well as the configuration management that accompanies each iteration. The Rational Unified Process is a configurable process. No single process is suitable for all software development. The Unified Process fits small development teams as well as large development organizations. The Unified Process is founded on a simple and clear process architecture that provides commonality across a family of processes. Characteristics The Unified Process has three distinguishing characteristics. These characteristics are Use-Case Driven - The process employs Use Cases to drive the development process from inception to deployment. 3 Copyright© 2007 Oct , 2007 The Agile Process: RUP and Scrum Architecture-Centric - The process seeks to understand the most significant static and dynamic aspects in terms of software architecture. The architecture is a function of the needs of the users and is captured in the core Use Cases. Iterative and Incremental -The process recognizes that it is practical to divide large projects into smaller projects or mini-projects. Each mini-project comprises an iteration that results in an increment. An iteration may encompass all of the workflows in the process. The iterations are planned using Use Cases. What is Scrum? Scrum is an agile software-management process that can help you navigate your project through iterative, incremental software development. Scrum achieved more popularity after the formation of the Agile Alliance. This lightweight process can function as a wrapper, which allows you to combine Scrum with other agile process frameworks, for example, the Rational Unified Process, or RUP. Scrum offers an empirical approach, which allows team members to work independently and cohesively in a creative environment. It recognizes the importance of the social aspect in software engineering: the name derives from the game of rugby. The process is quick, adaptive, and self-organizing, and it represents a significant change from sequential development processes. Scrum believes that software should not be developed according to the processes used in typical manufacturing -- that is, in a repeating fashion. This repetition makes the input and output parameters more predictive and descriptive, but this is not a helpful goal in today's software engineering. Time to market, return on investment, and the need to build a vision alongside the customer are among the major challenges in modern software engineering. The RUP and other agile software engineering processes are capable of addressing these challenges. Figure 1. The SCRUM work flow diagram 4 Copyright© 2007 Oct , 2007 The Agile Process: RUP and Scrum Best practices of the RUP and how Scrum is integrated The Rational Unified Process describes how to effectively deploy commercially proven approaches to software development for software development teams. These are called “best practices” not so much because you can precisely quantify their value, but rather, because they are observed to be commonly used in industry by successful organizations. The Rational Unified Process provides each team member with the guidelines, templates and tool mentors necessary for the entire team to take full advantage of among others the following best practices: 1. Develop software iteratively 2. Manage requirements 3. Use component-based architectures 4. Visually model software 5. Verify software quality 6. Control changes to software Develop software iteratively - Given today’s sophisticated software systems, it is not possible to sequentially first define the entire problem, design the entire solution, build the software and then test the product at the end. An iterative approach is required that allows an increasing understanding of the problem through successive refinements, and to incrementally grow an effective solution over multiple iterations. The Rational Unified Process supports an iterative approach to development that addresses the highest risk items at every stage in the lifecycle, significantly reducing a project’s risk profile. This iterative approach helps you attack risk through demonstrable progress frequent, executable releases that enable continuous end user involvement and feedback. Because each iteration ends with an executable release, the development team stays focused on producing results, and frequent status checks help ensure that the project stays on schedule. An iterative approach also makes it easier to accommodate tactical changes in requirements, features or schedule. A Scrum project enforces iterative development; the rhythm is defined as 30 days fixed in length. Even though RUP is more flexible in the definition of an iteration, the 30-day window is often used in RUP and determined to be a useful size in length. Instead of defining the length of an iteration in a RUP project, the workload is always aligned with the 30-day length sprint. Manage requirements - The Rational Unified Process describes how to elicit, organize, and document required functionality and constraints; track and document tradeoffs and decisions; and easily capture and communicate business requirements. The notions of use case and scenarios prescribed in the process has proven to be an excellent way to capture functional requirements and to ensure that these drive the design, implementation and testing of software, making it more likely that the final system fulfills the end user needs. They provide coherent and traceable threads through both the development and the delivered system. Requirements are managed by the entire team but are under the control of the product owner. In RUP, requirements engineers own the requirements, but this responsibility in Scrum belongs to the product owner, which is often represented by business stakeholders. Requirements management, as in RUP, requires a collaborative effort. 5 Copyright© 2007 Oct , 2007 The Agile Process: RUP and Scrum Use component-based architectures - The process focuses on early development and base lining of a robust executable architecture, prior to committing resources for full- scale development. It describes how to design a resilient architecture that is flexible, accommodates change, is intuitively understandable, and promotes more effective software reuse. The Rational Unified Process supports component-based software development. Components are non-trivial modules, subsystems that fulfill
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Writing and Reviewing Use-Case Descriptions
    Bittner/Spence_06.fm Page 145 Tuesday, July 30, 2002 12:04 PM PART II WRITING AND REVIEWING USE-CASE DESCRIPTIONS Part I, Getting Started with Use-Case Modeling, introduced the basic con- cepts of use-case modeling, including defining the basic concepts and understanding how to use these concepts to define the vision, find actors and use cases, and to define the basic concepts the system will use. If we go no further, we have an overview of what the system will do, an under- standing of the stakeholders of the system, and an understanding of the ways the system provides value to those stakeholders. What we do not have, if we stop at this point, is an understanding of exactly what the system does. In short, we lack the details needed to actually develop and test the system. Some people, having only come this far, wonder what use-case model- ing is all about and question its value. If one only comes this far with use- case modeling, we are forced to agree; the real value of use-case modeling comes from the descriptions of the interactions of the actors and the system, and from the descriptions of what the system does in response to the actions of the actors. Surprisingly, and disappointingly, many teams stop after developing little more than simple outlines for their use cases and consider themselves done. These same teams encounter problems because their use cases are vague and lack detail, so they blame the use-case approach for having let them down. The failing in these cases is not with the approach, but with its application.
    [Show full text]
  • The Guide to Succeeding with Use Cases
    USE-CASE 2.0 The Guide to Succeeding with Use Cases Ivar Jacobson Ian Spence Kurt Bittner December 2011 USE-CASE 2.0 The Definitive Guide About this Guide 3 How to read this Guide 3 What is Use-Case 2.0? 4 First Principles 5 Principle 1: Keep it simple by telling stories 5 Principle 2: Understand the big picture 5 Principle 3: Focus on value 7 Principle 4: Build the system in slices 8 Principle 5: Deliver the system in increments 10 Principle 6: Adapt to meet the team’s needs 11 Use-Case 2.0 Content 13 Things to Work With 13 Work Products 18 Things to do 23 Using Use-Case 2.0 30 Use-Case 2.0: Applicable for all types of system 30 Use-Case 2.0: Handling all types of requirement 31 Use-Case 2.0: Applicable for all development approaches 31 Use-Case 2.0: Scaling to meet your needs – scaling in, scaling out and scaling up 39 Conclusion 40 Appendix 1: Work Products 41 Supporting Information 42 Test Case 44 Use-Case Model 46 Use-Case Narrative 47 Use-Case Realization 49 Glossary of Terms 51 Acknowledgements 52 General 52 People 52 Bibliography 53 About the Authors 54 USE-CASE 2.0 The Definitive Guide Page 2 © 2005-2011 IvAr JacobSon InternationAl SA. All rights reserved. About this Guide This guide describes how to apply use cases in an agile and scalable fashion. It builds on the current state of the art to present an evolution of the use-case technique that we call Use-Case 2.0.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges and Opportunities for the Medical Device Industry Meeting the New IEC 62304 Standard 2 Challenges and Opportunities for the Medical Device Industry
    IBM Software Thought Leadership White Paper Life Sciences Challenges and opportunities for the medical device industry Meeting the new IEC 62304 standard 2 Challenges and opportunities for the medical device industry Contents With IEC 62304, the world has changed—country by country— for medical device manufacturers. This doesn’t mean, however, 2 Executive summary that complying with IEC 62304 must slow down your medical 2 Changes in the medical device field device software development. By applying best practices guid- ance and process automation, companies have a new opportunity 3 What is so hard about software? to improve on their fundamental business goals, while getting through regulatory approvals faster, lowering costs and deliver- 4 Disciplined agile delivery: Flexibility with more structure ing safer devices. 4 Meeting the specification: A look at some of the details This paper will explore what IEC 62304 compliance means for manufacturers in some detail, and also describe the larger con- text of systems and software engineering best practices at work 6 Process steps for IEC 62304 compliance in many of today’s most successful companies. 7 Performing the gap analysis Changes in the medical device field 8 Choosing software tools for IEC 62304 The IEC 62304 standard points to the more powerful role that software plays in the medical device industry. Once hardware 11 Conclusion was king. Older systems used software, of course, but it was not the main focus, and there wasn’t much of a user interface. Executive summary Software was primarily used for algorithmic work. Not to overly The recent IEC 62304 standard for medical device software is generalize, but the focus of management was on building causing companies worldwide to step back and examine their hardware that worked correctly; software was just a necessary software development processes with considerable scrutiny.
    [Show full text]
  • The Timeboxing Process Model for Iterative Software Development
    The Timeboxing Process Model for Iterative Software Development Pankaj Jalote Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur – 208016; India Aveejeet Palit, Priya Kurien Infosys Technologies Limited Electronics City Bangalore – 561 229; India Contact: [email protected] ABSTRACT In today’s business where speed is of essence, an iterative development approach that allows the functionality to be delivered in parts has become a necessity and an effective way to manage risks. In an iterative process, the development of a software system is done in increments, each increment forming of an iteration and resulting in a working system. A common iterative approach is to decide what should be developed in an iteration and then plan the iteration accordingly. A somewhat different iterative is approach is to time box different iterations. In this approach, the length of an iteration is fixed and what should be developed in an iteration is adjusted to fit the time box. Generally, the time boxed iterations are executed in sequence, with some overlap where feasible. In this paper we propose the timeboxing process model that takes the concept of time boxed iterations further by adding pipelining concepts to it for permitting overlapped execution of different iterations. In the timeboxing process model, each time boxed iteration is divided into equal length stages, each stage having a defined function and resulting in a clear work product that is handed over to the next stage. With this division into stages, pipelining concepts are employed to have multiple time boxes executing concurrently, leading to a reduction in the delivery time for product releases.
    [Show full text]
  • Best Practice of SOA
    JOURNAL OF COMPUTING, VOLUME 2, ISSUE 2, FEBRUARY 2010, ISSN: 2151-9617 38 HTTPS://SITES.GOOGLE.COM/SITE/JOURNALOFCOMPUTING/ Improvement in RUP Project Management via Service Monitoring: Best Practice of SOA Sheikh Muhammad Saqib1, Shakeel Ahmad1, Shahid Hussain 2, Bashir Ahmad 1 and Arjamand Bano3 1Institute of Computing and Information Technology Gomal University, D.I.Khan, Pakistan 2 Namal University, Mianwali , Pakistan 3 Mathematics Department Gomal University, D.I.Khan, Pakistan Abstract-- Management of project planning, monitoring, scheduling, estimation and risk management are critical issues faced by a project manager during development life cycle of software. In RUP, project management is considered as core discipline whose activities are carried in all phases during development of software products. On other side service monitoring is considered as best practice of SOA which leads to availability, auditing, debugging and tracing process. In this paper, authors define a strategy to incorporate the service monitoring of SOA into RUP to improve the artifacts of project management activities. Moreover, the authors define the rules to implement the features of service monitoring, which help the project manager to carry on activities in well define manner. Proposed frame work is implemented on RB (Resuming Bank) application and obtained improved results on PM (Project Management) work. Index Terms—RUP, SOA, Service Monitoring, Availability, auditing, tracing, Project Management NTRODUCTION 1. I 2. RATIONAL UNIFIED PROCESS (RUP) Software projects which are developed through RUP RUP is a software engineering process model, which provides process model are solution oriented and object a disciplined approach to assigning tasks and responsibilities oriented. It provides a disciplined approach to within a development environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Descriptive Approach to Software Development Life Cycle Models
    7797 Shaveta Gupta et al./ Elixir Comp. Sci. & Engg. 45 (2012) 7797-7800 Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) Computer Science and Engineering Elixir Comp. Sci. & Engg. 45 (2012) 7797-7800 Descriptive approach to software development life cycle models Shaveta Gupta and Sanjana Taya Department of Computer Science and Applications, Seth Jai Parkash Mukand Lal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Radaur, Distt. Yamunanagar (135001), Haryana, India. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: The concept of system lifecycle models came into existence that emphasized on the need to Received: 24 January 2012; follow some structured approach towards building new or improved system. Many models Received in revised form: were suggested like waterfall, prototype, rapid application development, V-shaped, top & 17 March 2012; Bottom model etc. In this paper, we approach towards the traditional as well as recent Accepted: 6 April 2012; software development life cycle models. © 2012 Elixir All rights reserved. Keywords Software Development Life Cycle, Phases and Software Development, Life Cycle Models, Traditional Models, Recent Models. Introduction Software Development Life Cycle Models The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the entire Software Development Life Cycle Model is an abstract process of formal, logical steps taken to develop a software representation of a development process. SDLC models can be product. Within the broader context of Application Lifecycle categorized as: Management (ALM), the SDLC
    [Show full text]
  • Ovum Decision Matrix: Selecting an Application Lifecycle Management and Devops Solution, 2019–20
    Ovum Decision Matrix: Selecting an Application Lifecycle Management and DevOps Solution, 2019–20 Publication Date: 27 Jun 2019 | Product code: INT003-000374 Michael Azoff Ovum Decision Matrix: Selecting an Application Lifecycle Management and DevOps Solution, 2019–20 Summary Catalyst Software lifecycle management (SLM) is the management of software development by taking a lifecycle approach from concept through the management of requirements, testing, coding, deployment, upgrades, maintenance, and final retirement. The market provides tools to support this lifecycle in the form of application lifecycle management (ALM) tools and, with the rise of DevOps, tools that provide DevOps-style release management, orchestration, and automation. This Ovum Decision Matrix (ODM) examines ALM tools that cross over into DevOps to support the full arc of the lifecycle from application/product concept to deployment into production. Ovum view ALM origins and trends The need for taking an SLM approach is best thought of as good practice in the relatively young art of software development. The ALM tools market has evolved to support SLM through the years; at its core is the development methodology or work process, and this has evolved over time, starting with waterfall or linear stage-gate processes and incorporating various innovations such as Tom Gilb's evolutionary delivery, Barry Boehm's spiral model, and Rational's unified process, before Agile and lean swept the board with examples such as Scrum, extreme programming, and Kanban boards post- 2001 (when the Agile Manifesto was created). The integrated ALM suite tools market really took off around 2003 but supported waterfall because Agile was still under the radar.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi Objective Analysis for Timeboxing Models of Software Development
    MULTI OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS FOR TIMEBOXING MODELS OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT Vassilis C. Gerogiannis and Pandelis G. Ipsilandis Department of Project Management, Technological Education Institute of Larissa, Larissa, Greece Keywords: Software Project Management, Iterative Development, Timeboxing, Project Scheduling, Linear Programming, Multi-Objective Optimization. Abstract: In iterative/incremental software development, software deliverables are built in iterations - each iteration providing parts of the required software functionality. To better manage and monitor resources, plan and deliverables, iterations are usually performed during specific time periods, so called “time boxes”. Each time box is further divided into a sequence of stages and a dedicated development team is assigned to each stage. Iterations can be performed in parallel to reduce the project completion time by exploiting a “pipelining” concept, that is, when a team completes the tasks of a stage, it hands over the intermediate deliverables to the team executing the next stage and then starts executing the same stage in the next iteration. In this paper, we address the problem of optimizing the schedule of a software project that follows an iterative, timeboxing process model. A multi objective linear programming technique is introduced to consider multiple parameters, such as the project duration, the work discontinuities of development teams in successive iterations and the release (delivery) time of software deliverables. The proposed model can be used to generate alternative project plans based on the relative importance of these parameters. 1 INTRODUCTION team of experts is usually assigned to each stage, i.e., a team for a stage performs only the activities In iterative and incremental development, software for that stage.
    [Show full text]
  • Software Development a Practical Approach!
    Software Development A Practical Approach! Hans-Petter Halvorsen https://www.halvorsen.blog https://halvorsen.blog Software Development A Practical Approach! Hans-Petter Halvorsen Software Development A Practical Approach! Hans-Petter Halvorsen Copyright © 2020 ISBN: 978-82-691106-0-9 Publisher Identifier: 978-82-691106 https://halvorsen.blog ii Preface The main goal with this document: • To give you an overview of what software engineering is • To take you beyond programming to engineering software What is Software Development? It is a complex process to develop modern and professional software today. This document tries to give a brief overview of Software Development. This document tries to focus on a practical approach regarding Software Development. So why do we need System Engineering? Here are some key factors: • Understand Customer Requirements o What does the customer needs (because they may not know it!) o Transform Customer requirements into working software • Planning o How do we reach our goals? o Will we finish within deadline? o Resources o What can go wrong? • Implementation o What kind of platforms and architecture should be used? o Split your work into manageable pieces iii • Quality and Performance o Make sure the software fulfills the customers’ needs We will learn how to build good (i.e. high quality) software, which includes: • Requirements Specification • Technical Design • Good User Experience (UX) • Improved Code Quality and Implementation • Testing • System Documentation • User Documentation • etc. You will find additional resources on this web page: http://www.halvorsen.blog/documents/programming/software_engineering/ iv Information about the author: Hans-Petter Halvorsen The author currently works at the University of South-Eastern Norway.
    [Show full text]
  • Agile/Devops Development and Agile Acquisition: Differences, Similarities
    GSAW 2006 Tutorial F: Evolutionary Acquisition & Spiral Development Length: Half day Overview: The publication of Department of Defense (DoD) Directives 5000.1and 5000.2 in 2003 established a preference for evolutionary acquisition and spiral development in the acquisition of complex weapon systems. Similarly to the original DoD directives, National Security Space Acquisition Policy 03-01 also positioned evolutionary acquisition and spiral development as preferred strategies for the Space domain. The policy was based on the assumption that the implementation of these strategies would drastically reduce the time to deliver complex weapon systems to the war-fighter. Nevertheless, the DoD still struggles with substantial cost and schedule overruns. Spiral development is blamed, and a revision to the 5000 Directives is expected. Also, as recently as June 8, 2005, Michael Griffin, the newly appointed NASA Administrator was quoted saying with respect to the Crew Exploration Vehicle program that "… I hope never again to let the words spiral development cross my lips." It is unfortunate that even though evolutionary concepts were introduced in the early 1960's and spiral development in the1980's, so much controversy remains about their use. Technical difficulties with the Spiral Development fundamentally stem from the flexibility of the model. While it was originally introduced as a software development life cycle model, in reality it is much more; it is a meta-model, with multiple applications. Itis, in fact, a risk-driven process generator that is applicable not only to Software Engineering, but Systems Engineering as well, and it can be applied to the development of any process, concurrently with product development.
    [Show full text]
  • Using the Rational Unified Process for Small Projects: Expanding Upon Extreme Programming
    UUssiinngg tthhee RRaattiioonnaall UUnniiffiieedd PPrroocceessss ffoorr SSmmaallll PPrroojjeeccttss:: EExxppaannddiinngg UUppoonn eeXXttrreemmee PPrrooggrraammmmiinngg Gary Pollice Rational Software White Paper TP 183, 3/01 Table of Contents Abstract.................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................. 1 A Short Story......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Overview............................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Project Start — Inception ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 An approved Business Case .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Risk List ................................................................................................................................................................................ 4 Preliminary Project Plan.......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • RUP, Agile, XP
    RUP, Agile, XP Sommerville Book: Chapter 2.1.2, 2.3.3, 2.4, 3.1, 3.3 Pressman & Maxim Book: Chapter 4.1.2, 4.1.3, 4.3, 5.1—5.4 Administrative stuff • TA office hours – Lefan, 2—3:30pm T @ CSIL1 – Yuxi, ??pm Mon/Wed @ CSIL? ?? • Class enrollment • Warmup project Software Development Process Software Development Process • In software engineering, a software development process is the process of dividing software development work into distinct phases to improve design, product management, and project management. It is also known as a software development life cycle. ---- Wikipedia Outline • The problems of waterfall – How to improve waterfall? • RUP – Phases – (iterative) Activities – UML • Agile – XP Waterfall model Requirement design implementation testing maintenance What are the problems? • 1. difficult to handle changes • 2. take long time to deliver • 3. expensive to fix errors • 4. difficult to estimate/planning How to deliver faster? Incremental process • Produce core products first • Produce further refinements in follow-up releases Incremental process Example • Text editor • Class registration system How to handle changes better? Evolutionary process • Spiral model Design Rational Unified Process 1990’ Rational Unified Process • Basic idea: incremental + iterative • Phases + workflows Business modeling Req. Design Impl. Test Deployment Which workflow happens at which phase? RUP RUP • What is the product of each workflow? – Unified Modeling Language • Business modeling + requirement à Actor and use case diagram • Analysis & design à class diagram, sequence diagram, state diagram • Implementation • Testing • Deployment à deployment diagram UML examples Agile 2001 Background • Planning planning planning – Airplane’s control system needs 10 years to develop • Problems – Too much document – Too late code delivery – Not easy to deal with changes – Too much bureaucracy – Hard to finalize design w/o implementation – Hard to estimate time before design & imp.
    [Show full text]