Militia Extremists
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RUNNING HEAD: Paramilitary Police Paramilitary Police Organizations
RUNNING HEAD: Paramilitary Police Paramilitary Police Organizations Abstract After providing the reader with examples of paramilitary structures and formalizing a definition of paramilitary, this manuscript analyzes the literature available and discusses several important themes, including: the rise of police militarization, international perspectives, community policing, hierarchy, subculture, and training. As the topic of community policing reemerges, the philosophical appeal remains, despite its use as a form of face saving and as a means to fund tactical units. On a subtler level, this study proposes that police subculture in the United States contrasts the general populace significantly, which could explain tensions between the police and public. Examination of the characteristics of this subculture shed some light onto the policing paradigm and on how communication unfolds inside and outside of police organizations. Through this synthesis, the appropriateness of a quasi-military paradigm and its resulting structure, language, and behavior, is brought into question. PARAMILITARY POLICE 2 “Every art and every inquiry, and similarly every action and choice, is thought to aim at some good; and for this reason the good has rightly been declared to be that at which all things aim.” (Aristotle, 2009, p. 3) Introduction Law enforcement is one of the most interactive pieces of government with the public. Most people, across all cultures, have some notion of what policing is and some opinion of what it should be. In the past three decades a rise in the militarization of policing in the United States has been speculated, observed, and critiqued by many scholars in academia and professionals in law enforcement. -
Center for American Progress Action Fund
CENTER FOR AMERICAN PROGRESS THE TRAGEDY OF OKLAHOMA CITY 15 YEARS LATER AND THE LESSONS FOR TODAY WELCOME: AL FROM, FOUNDER, DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP COUNCIL JOHN PODESTA, PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, CENTER FOR AMERICAN PROGRESS ACTION FUND INTRODUCTION: MICHAEL REYES, FORMER EMPLOYEE, ALFRED P. MURRAH FEDERAL BUILDING SPEAKER: PRESIDENT WILLIAM J. CLINTON MODERATOR: RON BROWNSTEIN, POLITICAL DIRECTOR, ATLANTIC MEDIA PANELISTS: REP. KENDRICK MEEK (D-FL) MARVIN “MICKEY” EDWARDS (R-OK), FORMER U.S. REPRESENTATIVE MICHAEL WALDMAN, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, BRENNAN CENTER FOR JUSTICE, NEW YORK UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL MARK POTOK, DIRECTOR OF INTELLIGENCE PROJECTS, SOUTHERN POVERTY LAW CENTER JAMIE GORELICK, CHAIR, DEFENSE, NATIONAL SECURITY AND GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS PRACTICE GROUP, WILMERHALE BRADLEY BUCKLES, FORMER DIRECTOR, U.S. BUREAU OF ALOCHOL, TOBACCO AND FIREARMS FRIDAY, APRIL 16, 2010 WASHINGTON, D.C. Transcript by Federal News Service Washington, D.C. JOHN PODESTA: Good morning, everyone. I’m John Podesta. I’m the president of the Center for American Progress Action Fund. I want to thank you for joining us here today to remember and to reflect on the tragedy that occurred in Oklahoma City nearly 15 years ago. There are days that punctuate all our memories, collectively and as a country, and April 19, 1995 is most certainly one of them. So despite the somberness of this occasion, I’m honored to co-host this important event today and I’m grateful to those who were affected for taking the time to share their experiences, as we look both backwards to remember what happened and forward to draw lessons. We can now see more clearly from today’s vantage point. -
Safe Haven County.Pdf
RESOLUTION OF THE GUADALUPE COUNTY COlVIMISSIONERS' COURT WHEREAS, the Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of our nation, and The Second Amendment to the Constitution states "A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed", and WHEREAS, The Texas Constitution, Article 1, Section 23 states "'Every citizen shall have the right to keep and bear arms in the lawful defense of himself or the State", and, WHEREAS, it is the desire of the Guadalupe County Commissioner's to declare its support for the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution. and the Texas Constitution, Article 1, Section 23, protecting citizens' inalienable and individual right to keep and bear arms, and, WHEREAS, the members of the Guadalupe County Commissioners' Court took an oath to support and defend the United States Constitution, the Constitution of the State of Texas, and the laws of the State of Texas (insofar as they are constitutional), NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Commissioners' Court of the County of Guadalupe, by the authority granted to the Commissioners' Court by the laws of the State of Texas and the people of Guadalupe County, Texas, to stand and defend their rights and liberties, which are guaranteed by the United States and Texas constitutions, we hereby declare this Resolution as follows: Second Amendment Preservation Resolution Designating Guadalupe County a Second Amendment Safe- Haven County BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that this -
The Springfield Armory Historic Background
The Springfield Armory Historic Background Report by Todd Jones, Historic Preservation Specialist Federal Emergency Management Agency October 2011 The Springfield Armory Exceptionally unique among the structures in Springfield, MA, the Springfield Armory has stood on Howard Street for over one hundred years. Yet, with its impressive medieval architecture, the building could easily pass for a centuries-old European castle. It may appear as a much unexpected feature on the skyline of a Connecticut River Valley city, but considering Springfield’s illustrious history as a manufacturer of war goods, a castle is actually quite an appropriate inclusion. The Armory is located today at 29 Howard Street. It is surrounded by a dense urban community characterized by commercial interests, with parking lots, a strip mall, and an apartment block included as its primary neighbors. The area transitioned from an urban working class residential neighborhood to its present commercial character during the mid and late twentieth century. Figure 1: Location of the State Armory in Springfield, 29 Howard Street, Springfield, Hampden County, Massachusetts (42.10144, -72.60216).1 Figure 2: Topographic map of Springfield showing the location of the State Armory.2 1 http://mapper.acme.com, accessed September 22, 2011 2 http://mapper.acme.com, accessed September 22, 2011. ______________________________________________________________________________ Attachment A. Historic Background Page 2 The 1895 Armory The structure was finished in 1895 for the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia (MVM), referred to in modern times as the Massachusetts National Guard. It was designed by the Boston architectural firm of Wait & Cutter, led by Robert Wait and Amos Cutter, who also planned the Fall River Armory at the same time. -
Canadian Soldiers in Bermuda During World War One
Canadian Soldiers in Bermuda During World War One Jean-Pierre Gagnon* Three Canadian infantry battalions served in Bermuda during the First World War. Very little is known about their presence in these islands. The raison d'être ofthis article is to provide a better knowledge ofthis first Canadian garrison duty abroad. The author analyzes the selection ofthe units which were sent to Bermuda and studies and compares themfrom different points ofview. Then, he examines their stay, emphasizing the social aspects of their garrison duty. The Canadians' reaction toward it and the reciprocal feelings ofthe soldiers and the Bermudians are considered. Trois bataillons d'infanterie canadiens ont servi aux Bermudes pendant la Première Guerre mondiale. On ne sait à peu près rien de leur passage là-bas. Cet article vise à combler cette lacune. L'auteur explique le choix des unités envoyées en garnison dans ces îles de l'océan Atlantique, puis les étudie et les compare à divers points de vue. Il s'attache ensuite à leur séjour, en mettant en relief le côté humain des choses. La réaction des Canadiens à l'égard de ce service de garnison et les sentiments réciproques des soldats et des Bermudiens sont considérés. The presence of three infantry battalions of the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) in Bermuda during the First World War has not excited the attention ofCanadian historians. They have been indifferent to this "humiliat ing garrison dUty",1 focussing instead on Canada's participation in military operations in Europe. Bermudian historians seem to have adopted a similar attitude, simply ignoring or scarcely mentioning the presence of Canadian troops in the islands at that time. -
FOURTH SUPERSEDING INDICTMENT the Grand Jury Charges That, at All Times Material to This Indictment, on Or About the Dates
REGEIVED MAY 2 5 2021 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Clerk, U.S. District and Bankruplcy Courts Holding a Criminal Term Grand Jury Sworn in on January 8, 2021 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CRIMINAL NO. 2l-cr-28-APM VIOLATIONS: THOMAS CALDWELL, 18 U.S.C. $ 371 (Conspiracy) (Counts 1,2, 4,9) l8 u.s.C. $$ lsl2(c)(2),2 DONOVAN CROWL, (Obstruction of an Official Proceeding and (Counts 1,2,,3,4,6) Aiding and Abetting) JESSICA WATKINS, : 18 U.s.C. SS 1361,2 (Counts l,2,3, 4, 6) : (Destruction of Government Property and : Aiding and Abetting) SANDRA PARKER, (Counts 1,2,,3,4,6) r8 U.S.C. $ l7s2(a)(r) (Entering and Remaining in a Restricted BENNIE PARKER, Building or Grounds) (Counts l, 2, 4) l8 u.s.C. $$ 231(a)(3),2 GRAYDON YOUNG, (Civil Disorder and Aiding and Abetting) (Counts l,2,3,4,6, l0) 18 U.S.C. $ lll(a)(1),2 LAURA STEELE, (Assaulting, Resisting, or Impeding (Counts 1,2,3,4) Certain Officers and Aiding and Abetting) KELLY MEGGS. l8 U.S.C. $ lsl2(c)(l) (Counts l, 2, 3, 4, I l) (Tampering with Documents or Proceedings) CONNIE MEGGS, (Counts 1,2,3,4) KENNETH HARRELSON, (Counts 1,2,3,, 4,12) ROBERTO MINUTA, (Counts l, 2, 4) : JOSHUA JAMES, : (Counts 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 13) : : JONATHAN WALDEN, : (Counts 1, 2, 4) : : JOSEPH HACKETT, : (Counts 1, 2, 3, 4) : : JASON DOLAN, and : (Counts 1, 2, 3, 4) : : WILLIAM ISAACS, : (Counts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) : : Defendants. -
The Canadian Militia in the Interwar Years, 1919-39
THE POLICY OF NEGLECT: THE CANADIAN MILITIA IN THE INTERWAR YEARS, 1919-39 ___________________________________________________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board ___________________________________________________________ in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY __________________________________________________________ by Britton Wade MacDonald January, 2009 iii © Copyright 2008 by Britton W. MacDonald iv ABSTRACT The Policy of Neglect: The Canadian Militia in the Interwar Years, 1919-1939 Britton W. MacDonald Doctor of Philosophy Temple University, 2008 Dr. Gregory J. W. Urwin The Canadian Militia, since its beginning, has been underfunded and under-supported by the government, no matter which political party was in power. This trend continued throughout the interwar years of 1919 to 1939. During these years, the Militia’s members had to improvise a great deal of the time in their efforts to attain military effectiveness. This included much of their training, which they often funded with their own pay. They created their own training apparatuses, such as mock tanks, so that their preparations had a hint of realism. Officers designed interesting and unique exercises to challenge their personnel. All these actions helped create esprit de corps in the Militia, particularly the half composed of citizen soldiers, the Non- Permanent Active Militia. The regulars, the Permanent Active Militia (or Permanent Force), also relied on their own efforts to improve themselves as soldiers. They found intellectual nourishment in an excellent service journal, the Canadian Defence Quarterly, and British schools. The Militia learned to endure in these years because of all the trials its members faced. The interwar years are important for their impact on how the Canadian Army (as it was known after 1940) would fight the Second World War. -
Initial Report of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
INITIAL REPORT OF THE KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS SUBMITTED UNDER ARTICLE 8, PARAGRAPH 1 OF THE OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD ON THE INVOLVEMENT OF CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICT Introduction The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict (New York, 25 May 2000) was approved for the entire Kingdom of the Netherlands by the Kingdom Act of 18 December 20081 and entered into force for the entire Kingdom on 24 October 2009. The Dutch translation of the Protocol was published in the Dutch Treaty Series 2001, 131. At the time of the ratification the Kingdom of the Netherlands consisted of the Netherlands, the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. In 2010, the Kingdom of the Netherlands has undergone a process of constitutional reform, which has now reached fruition. The changes concern the Netherlands Antilles, a country that until recently was made up of the islands of Curaçao, Sint Maarten, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba. The reforms are based on the results of referenda and on decisions taken by representative assemblies about the islands’ future status. The amended Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands entered into force on 10 October 2010, on which date the Netherlands Antilles ceased to exist. In the new constitutional structure, Curaçao and Sint Maarten have acquired the status of countries within the Kingdom (like the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba before the changes). Aruba retains the separate country status it has had since 1986. Thus, from 10 October 2010 the Kingdom consists of four, rather than three, equal countries: the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten. -
NGA | Civic Pride Group Portraits from Amsterdam
fig. 4 Arent Coster the early stages of the Dutch revolt against (silversmith), Drinking Horn of the Harquebus- Spanish rule (1568 – 1648), the guardsmen iers’ Guild, 1547, buffalo could even be deployed at the front lines, horn mounted on silver pedestal, Rijksmuseum, leading one contemporary observer to Amsterdam, on loan from call them “the muscles and nerves” of the the City of Amsterdam. Dutch Republic. Paintings of governors of civic insti- tutions, such as those by Flinck and Van der Helst, contain fewer figures than do militia group portraits, but they are no less visually compelling or historically signifi- cant. It was only through the efforts of such citizens and organizations that the young Dutch Republic achieved its economic, political, and artistic golden age in the sev- enteenth century. The numerous portraits Harquebusiers’ ceremonial drinking horn room with a platter of fresh oysters is likely of these remarkable people, painted by to the governors. The vessel, a buffalo horn to be Geertruyd Nachtglas, the adminis- important artists, allow us to look back at supported by a rich silver mount in the trator of the Kloveniersdoelen, who had that world and envision the character and form of a stylized tree with a rampant lion assumed that position in 1654 following the appearance of those who were instrumen- and dragon (fig. 4), had been fashioned in death of her father Jacob (seen holding the tal in creating such a dynamic and success- 1547 and was displayed at important events. drinking horn in Flinck’s work). Because ful society. The Harquebusiers’ emblem, a griffin’s the Great Hall was already fully decorated, claw, appears on a gilded shield on the Van der Helst’s painting was installed over This exhibition was organized by the National wall. -
The Armed Forces: Roles and Responsibilities in Good Security
SSR BACKGROUNDER The Armed Forces Roles and responsibilities in good security sector governance About this series The SSR Backgrounders provide concise introductions to topics and concepts in good security sector governance (SSG) and security sector reform (SSR). The series summarizes current debates, explains key terms and exposes central tensions based on a broad range of international experiences. The SSR Backgrounders do not promote specific models, policies or proposals for good governance or reform but do provide further resources that will allow readers to extend their knowledge on each topic. The SSR Backgrounders are a resource for security governance and reform stakeholders seeking to understand but also to critically assess current approaches to good SSG and SSR. About this SSR Backgrounder This SSR Backgrounder is about the roles and responsibilities of national armed forces in good security sector governance (SSG). The armed forces are a cornerstone of state and human security, but their legitimacy and effectiveness depend on fulfilling their mission accountably within a framework of democratic, civilian control, rule of law and respect for human rights. This backgrounder explains how good SSG can improve both accountability and effectiveness in the interests of state and human security. This SSR Backgrounder answers the following questions: What are the armed forces? Page 2 What are the roles of the armed forces in good SSG? Page 3 How does democratic civilian control of the armed forces contribute to good SSG? Page 4 What -
No. 589, December 3, 1993
25«1: No.S89 3 December 1993 After NAFTA, Clinton Strongarms Japan, Europe Wilson/NY Times Clinton and leaders of Pacific Rim countries meeting in Seattle at "Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation" forum. U.S. wants to use spectre of Pacific "free trade" as club against European imperialist rivals. u.s. Gears UP lor Trade War Hours after the North American Free Workers marched with red flags to protest ernment. The international airport at that the major unions in Belgium have Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was passed a three-year freeze on real wages and Brussels was shut down by pickets who called a general strike. by the U.S. Congress on November 17 massive cuts in social security decreed put up flaming barricades on the access • Spain: On November 25, hundreds by an unexpectedly wide margin, Presi by the Christian Democrat/Socialist gov- roads. This is the first time since 1936 of thousands of workers demonstrated dent Clinton shuttled off to Seattle where across Spain against "Socialist" prime he had convoked a meeting of the heads minister Felipe Gonzalez' proposed labor of government of the Pacific Rim coun law "reform" which would make it easier tries. The purpose: to use his NAFTA to fire workers at a time when official "win" to extract trade concessions from unemployment is almost 23 percent. The the Asian leaders, to be used in turn as workers' demonstrations, supported by a battering ram against the Europeans. students and community organizations, The aim of Clinton's pact with Canada were called by the Socialist Party-led and Mexico is to reinforce the American General Workers Union and the Work bourgeoisie's economic muscle against ers Commissions as a dry run for a its imperialist trade rivals by creating a general strike. -
What Does the Plot Against Gov. Whitmer Tell Us About Right-Wing Domestic Terrorism?
THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION THE CURRENT: What does the plot against Gov. Whitmer tell us about right-wing domestic terrorism? Friday, October 9, 2020 Host: Adrianna Pita, Office of Communications, Brookings Guest: Vanda Felbab-Brown, Senior Fellow, Security and Strategy, Brookings (MUSIC) PITA: You’re listening to The Current, part of the Brookings Podcast Network. I’m your host, Adrianna Pita. On Thursday, 13 men were arrested in Michigan as part of a plot to overthrow the state government and kidnap Gov. Gretchen Whitmer, in particular. With us to discuss what's happened in Michigan, and particularly the threat of right-wing domestic terrorist groups is Vanda Felbab-Brown, a senior fellow in the security and strategy project here at Brookings. Vanda, thanks for talking to us today. FELBAB-BROWN: My pleasure. PITA: What do we know so far about this plot and the men involved? FELBAB-BROWN: Well, the plot that was unveiled yesterday, following the arrests the night before, is extraordinary. At the core it involves the plan to kidnap Governor Gretchen Whitmer and subject her to a trial by a set of men who belong to two militia groups, one of which calls itself the Wolverine Watchmen. But this group in particular is part of a much larger movement of right-wing extremist militia groups that have been particularly active since COVID started, including in Michigan, and have very much had Governor Whitmer in their eyesight. Already in May, there was another foiled attack on her life with a man also belonging to these extremist movements seeking to kill her at the time.