DOCSLIB.ORG

Mangroves of Pakistan Status and Management

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

MANGROVES OF PAKISTAN STATUS AND MANAGEMENT IUCN Pakistan 2005 Mangrove of Pakistan – Status and Management Contents List of Tables vi List of Figures vi List of Acronyms vii Acknowledgements viii Preface ix Chapter 1 Introduction 1 • 1.1 Historical Background 2 • 1.2 Mangrove System – Extent and Distribution 3 • 1.3 Distribution – Sindh Coast 5 • 1.4 Status 6 • 1.5 Distribution – Balochistan Coast 8 • 1.6 Physical Environment 9 - 1.6.1 Climate - 1.6.2 Soils - 1.6.3 Water Chapter 2 Biological and Ecological Characteristics 11 • 2.1 Flora 11 • 2.2 Fauna 14 • 2.3 Micro Organisms 17 • 2.4 Other Inter-related Ecosystems 16 Chapter 3 Human inhabitation and Traditional Mangrove Usage Patterns 18 • 3.1 Demographic and Social Aspects 19 • 3.2 Commercial Exploitation and Marketing 20 - 3.2.1 Major Forest Products - 3.2.2 Minor Forest Products • 3.3 Conversion for other uses 22 - 3.3.1 Aqua Culture - 3.3.2 Urbanization - 3.3.3 Other uses - 3.3.4 Wildlife - ii Mangrove of Pakistan – Status and Management Chapter 4 Degradation of Mangrove Forests 24 • 4.1 Decrease in the Mangrove Area and Cover 24 - 4.1.1 Report of the National Commission on Agriculture (1988) - 4.1.2 Environmental Profile of Pakistan (1987) - 4.1.3 Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (1992) • 4.2 Adverse Factors Affecting Mangroves 26 - 4.2.1 Decreasing freshwater / floodwater and reduction silt deposition - 4.2.2 Dependence of mangroves on freshwater - 4.2.3 The active delta area • 4.3 Over cutting 31 • 4.4 Grazing, browsing and lopping 31 - 4.4.1 Grazing - 4.4.2 Browsing - 4.4.3 Lopping • 4.5 Pollution and Algal Bloom 33 • 4.6 Erosion 34 • 4.7 Ecotourism 34 Chapter 5 Preservation 35 • 5.1 History of Protection in the Indus Delta 35 • 5.2 The Indus Delta Biosphere Reserve Concept 37 • 5.3 Applicability to the Delta 38 • 5.4 Status of Indus Delta Natural Resources 39 - 5.4.1 Changes in Indus Delta in the period 1990-1998 - 5.4.2 Status of Indus Delta Fisher-folk • 5.5 The Indus Delta Biosphere Reserve / Rehabilitation Area 41 - 5.5.1 The process - 5.5.2 Indus Delta zonation • 5.6 Ideas for Future Work 43 • 5.7 Conclusion 45 • 5.8 The Global 200 – Indus Delta Ecoregion 45 - 5.8.1 Location - 5.8.2 Habitat Types - 5.8.3 Biodiversity - 5.8.4 Legislative Jurisdiction - 5.8.5 Economic Significance - 5.8.6 Issues and Threats - iii Mangrove of Pakistan – Status and Management Chapter 6 Mangrove Management 52 • 6.1 Management of Mangrove Forests 53 • 6.2 Management Policies 54 • 6.3 Research Programmes 55 • 6.4 Mangrove Plantation 57 - 6.4.1 Site Selection - 6.4.2 Mangrove nursery techniques - 6.4.3 Planting methods - 6.4.4 Special plantation - 6.4.5 Mangrove plantations raised by governmental and non governmental organizations - 6.4.6 Mangrove protection and plantation management Chapter 7 Research and Training 66 • 7.1 Ecophysiology 66 • 7.2 Microbiology of mangrove ecosystems 66 • 7.3 Primary productivity 67 • 7.4 Turnover, decomposition and nutrient cycling 67 • 7.5 Significance of mangrove for fishery resources 67 • 7.6 Food web studies 67 • 7.7 Pest, diseases and human health 68 • 7.8 Concluding remarks 69 Chapter 8 Conclusion and Recommendations 70 • 8.1 Conclusions 70 - 8.1.1 Research - 8.1.2 Scientific mangrove training - 8.1.3 Management - 8.1.4 Information and communication - 8.1.5 Education and awareness • 8.2 Recommendations 72 - 8.2.1 Research and man power training - 8.2.2 Management - 8.2.3 Information and communication - 8.2.4 Education and awareness - iv Mangrove of Pakistan – Status and Management Appendix I Assessment of Mangroves Coastal Resources of Pakistan Using Remote Sensing Technology 75 Appendix II Tasman Spirit Oil Spill (TSOS) Mangrove Resource Study Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) 87 References 107 - v Mangrove of Pakistan – Status and Management List of Tables Table 1. Mangrove vegetation in the Indus Delta region Table 2. Mangrove vegetation areas in the protected forests of the Indus Delta Table 3. Mangrove Forest Area Table 4. Mangrove Forest Area under S.F.D during 1985 Table 5 Mangrove Forest Area under different authorities Table 6 Distribution of Mangrove vegetation along the coast of Balochistan Table 7. Associated problems in different categories of coastal low land soils Table 8 The salinity recorded at different locations in mangrove habitat. Table 9. List and distribution of mangroves species in Pakistan Table 10. Mangrove fish Table 11. Average Annual and Seasonal Discharge Volumes Downstream of Kotri Barrage Table 12 Camel population in mangrove forest area. Table 13. Objectives and uses of preservation areas Table 14. Mangrove plantations at different locations Table 15. Rehabilitation of Mangroves in the Indus Delta and Balochistan Coast List of Figures Cover A boatman waiting for catch in mature Avicenna marina stand at Korangi creek. Figure 1 World distribution of salt marshes and Mangal (Chapman, 1975) Figure 2 The coastline of Sindh Figure 3 Rhizophora mucronata growing near Shah bunder Figure 4 Normal mangroves Figure 5 Sparse mangroves Figure 6 Browsing by camels Figure 7 Flamingos and jackal in mangrove habitat Figure 8 Discharge Volumes at D/S of Kotri Barrage Figure 9 Overcutting Figure 10 Polluted channels pouring in mangrove to cause algal bloom Figure 11 Stand of stunted A.marina in Keti Bunder Figure 12 The economic dependence on mangrove Figure 13 Nursery Figure 14 Rhizophora mucronata - vi Mangrove of Pakistan – Status and Management ABBERVIATION AND ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank ACTMANG Action for Mangroves BCS Balochistan Conservation Strategy CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CBO Community based organization. COP 7 The 7thConference of Parties of CBD CMPAs Coastal Marine Protected Areas CEMP Coastal Environmental Management Plan CNPPA Commission on National Park and Protected Areas (IUCN) CZMPA Coastal Zone Marine Protected Area. DGIS Directorate-General for International Cooperation EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ENSO El Nino / Southern Oscilation E&UAD Environment and Urban Affairs Division. ESCAP Economic and Social Commission on Asia and Pacific GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environment Facility GoS Government of Sindh ha Hectare ICM Integrated coastal management IPD Irrigation and Power department IP1 Indo Pacific Marine Region1 ISME International Society for Mangrove Ecosystem IUCN The world Conservation Union Kg Kilogram MAF Million Acre Feet MCPA Marine Coastal Protected Area. mm Millimeter - vii Mangrove of Pakistan – Status and Management mm/yr Millimeter per year m.t Metric ton NGO Non Governmental Organization NIO National Institute of Oceanography NWCS National Wetlands Conservation Strategy NWFP North Western Frontier Province NW-SE North West- South East PA’s Protected areas PEPC Pakistan Environmental Protection Council PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Ppt Parts per thousand PQA Port Qasim Authority SFD Sindh Forest department SUPARCO Space and Upper Atmospheric Research Commission TEDs Turtle Exclusion Device UNDP United Nations Development Program UNEP United Nations Environment Program UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural organization WSSD World Summit on Sustainable Development WWF World Wide Fund for Nature - viii Mangrove of Pakistan – Status and Management Acknowledgements IUCN Pakistan would like to thank Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Canadian International development Agency (CIDA), Royal Netherlands Embassy (RNE) for their support through the funding of this study. IUCNP is indebted to SUPARCO for providing SPOT imageries of Pakistan and their digital interpretation. IUCNP would also like to thank those who have made constructive criticisms and suggestions particularly Vidhishia Samarasakara (ADB) Shamsul Haq Memon (GoS) Mehrunnisa Siddiqui and Ali Raza. All their comments, suggestions and criticism have been taken into account, but the opinions expressed are off course our own, except when we quote from others, and errors and omissions are our responsibility. Our special thanks to Lincoln and Charamine Fernandes for help in editing and typing. - ix Mangrove of Pakistan – Status and Management Preface One of the major goals of the ADB Regional Environmental Technical Assistance project on ’Coastal and Marine Resources Management and Poverty Reduction in South Asia’ is the sustainable management of regional environmentally sensitive coastal and marine ecosystems that are under heavy pressure due to the high rates of population growth in the South Asian region. ICZM has been identified as an appropriate mechanism for improved management and one that can yield the most positive outcomes to fulfil the objectives of the project. Over 600,000 hectares of Pakistan’s coastline is under mangrove forestation. The coastal communities as well as the fisheries of the coast are dependent on this ecosystem, their very existence entwined with its well being. However, despite being one of the most extensive mangrove forests in the world and having considerable importance for the national economy due to their role in fisheries, their significance in terms of ecological and economic value have remained undocumented and poorly understood. Mangroves historically have been considered to be wastelands. The vital flow of the Indus River into the Indus Delta, which constitutes one of the most extensive mangrove areas along the Pakistani coast, is heavily polluted by a variety of industrial effluents, sewage, solid waste and nutrient-enriched irrigation water. The area is also affected by increased salinity due to upstream irrigation. The mounting pressure of the rapidly increasing population has led to the clearing of mangrove areas for industrial and agricultural purposes as well as for urban expansion, undermining the livelihoods of the coastal communities and thereby exacerbating their poverty. Management through sustainable use of mangrove resources, their protection and conservation is a key priority for Pakistan. Understanding the mangrove ecosystems is imperative to improved management in order to derive optimum economic and environmental benefits without destroying this valuable ecosystem.
Recommended publications
  • February 06 Issue

    February 06 Issue

    SAZARC: Sixth Annual Conference -- Committee Reports Transportation Guidelines for Animals • For emergency fans or heaters to be brought Md. Abdur Razzaque* into service during the stopover • Advance preparation should be made for any It was resolved at the 2005 SAZARC meeting that there necessary quarantine measures or other health regulation should be a subcommittee to draft guidelines for at the ports of intermediate stops or final destination transporting live animals, following the working group • Animal consignments should be collected promptly at which met at CBSG/RSG meeting. Abdur Razzaque agreed their final destination to Chair the committe and report in the next meeting. The • If live animals have to be left for prolonged period in following are the points from his presentation. These will airports , ports , railway yards, etc. they should housed in be discussed in committee and turned into official places to which unauthorized persons do not have access guidelines for SAZARC. • Crated animals should be kept away from direct exposure to sun and inappropriate temperatures. Transporting live animals — needs: • International and national permits • Health certificates • Husbandry information • Sender and recipient details Containers • Preferred material for construction of containers is timber, such as bamboo, cardboard, hardboard, plastics and metal • Polystyrene is recommended for reptiles, amphibians, General Welfare Conditions fishes and invertebrates as it has excellent heat insulation • Animals should have priority over merchandise properties • Only healthy animals should be transported • To ensure sufficient rigidity and strength, build containers • Pregnant or dependent animals should not be transported on a framework when timber or hardboard is employed • Sedation is not allowed; in exceptional circumstances • In case of large animals, use of bolts and nuts in place of veterinarian should accompany screws and metal reinforcement for corners, and for walls • Arrangements for feeding and watering depend on the and roof, is also be recommended.
  • INDUS DELTA, PAKISTAN: Economic Costs of Reduction in Freshwater Flows

    INDUS DELTA, PAKISTAN: Economic Costs of Reduction in Freshwater Flows

    water allocationdecisions. factored intoriverbasinplanning,or benefits of water-basedecosystemsarerarely economic users ofwater.Yettheeconomic schemes, Pakistan’secosystems,too,are hydropower dams, reservoirs,irrigationand as water tolarge-scale,commercialusessuch imperative that favours theallocationof Contrary tothedominantdevelopment economically norecologicallyoptimal. decisions beingmadethatareneither needs has oftenledtowaterallocation Failure torecognisedownstreamecosystem heavily byupstreamwaterabstraction. end of rivers,havebeenimpactedmost the at lie and marineregions,becausethey Coastal ecosystems. needs ofdownstream many cases, left insufficientflowtomeetthe of large volumesofwaterfromrivershas,in particular there isconcernthattheabstraction exacting a heavytollontheenvironment.In This impressive irrigationsystemis,however, world. the irrigated torain-fedlandratioin highest the farmland, affordingPakistan system feedsmorethan15millionhectaresof than 1.65 million km(IRIN2001).The more watercourses witharunninglengthof 89,000 conveyance lengthof57,000km,and head works, 43maincanalswitha or barrages 19 three majorstoragereservoirs, comprises Pakistan’s vastirrigationnetwork Pakistan Water-based developmentsin flows reduction infreshwater economic costsof INDUS DELTA,PAKISTAN: VALUATION #5:May2003 CASE STUDIESINWETLAND Integrating Wetland Economic Values into River Basin Management Managing freshwater flows in the The economic costs and losses arising from Indus River such omissions can be immense, and often The Indus River has
  • Slndh IRRIGATION & DRAINAGE AUTHORITY

    Slndh IRRIGATION & DRAINAGE AUTHORITY

    38554 OSMANI & co (PVT ) LTD , &ALL~OSMANI - Consulting Eng~neers- Arch~tects Planners Engmeenng &chLec(ure.Ramm~ Mqpng. Tshology Public Disclosure Authorized SlNDH IRRIGATION & DRAINAGE AUTHORITY INTEGRATED SOCIAL & ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (ISEA) FOR WATER SECTOR IMPROVEMENT Phase-l PROJECT (WSIP-I) Public Disclosure Authorized November, 2006 Location of Sindh Province of Pakistan Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized SlNDH IRRIGATION & DRAINAGE AUTHORITY INTEGRATED SOCIAL & ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (ISEA) FOR WATER SECTOR IMPROVEMENT PHASE-I PROJECT (WSIP-I) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ..................... ......................................................................................................1 1.1 The Basic Issue........................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Irrigation Sector Background ...............................................................................................................................1 1.3 Project Objectives............... .. ..............................................................................................................................2 1.4. Project Area .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Project Components ................................................................................................................................................3
  • Environmental Concerns for Water

    Environmental Concerns for Water

    n lutio Effe ol ct Mahessar et al. J Pollut Eff Cont 2017, 5:4 P s f & o l C DOI: 10.4176/2375-4397.1000204 a o n n r t r u o o l J Journal of Pollution Effects & Control ISSN: 2375-4397 Research Article Article OpenOpen Access Access Environmental Concerns for Water Consumption from Polluted Water Bodies in Watershed Area of Sindh Province Mahessar AA1, Qureshi AL2, Ursani H1, Tunio I1, Kandhro B3 and Memon SA3* 1Irrigation Department, Sindh Barrages Improvement Project, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan 2Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan 3US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan Abstract In the developing countries like Pakistan, the major source of water for drinking, agriculture and industries is the surface and groundwater. The main users of water are three sectors (e.g., domestic, agriculture and industries) that have not found proper disposal networks for untreated wastewater. The indiscriminate effluents from these areas are being discharged into water bodies and thereby, water becomes unfit for drinking and reuse. Furthermore, this contamination becomes detrimental to environment and creates serious health issues. The use of chemical and pesticides for crops is common practice and run-off from irrigated-agriculture finds its way into surface water bodies and seeps into ground water which also drains into water bodies, as resulting in water pollution, environmental concerns and adverse health problems. This paper presents adverse impact of the industrial, agricultural and raw sewage effluents disposal into Left Bank Outfall Drainage (LBOD) system in Sindh Province which blights the surface water bodies and groundwater quality.
  • Russia's Boreal Forests

    Russia's Boreal Forests

    Forest Area Key Facts & Carbon Emissions Russia’s Boreal Forests from Deforestation Forest location and brief description Russia is home to more than one-fifth of the world’s forest areas (approximately 763.5 million hectares). The Russian landscape is highly diverse, including polar deserts, arctic and sub-arctic tundra, boreal and semi-tundra larch forests, boreal and temperate coniferous forests, temperate broadleaf and mixed forests, forest-steppe and steppe (temperate grasslands, savannahs, and shrub-lands), semi-deserts and deserts. Russian boreal forests (known in Russia as the taiga) represent the largest forested region on Earth (approximately 12 million km2), larger than the Amazon. These forests have relatively few tree species, and are composed mainly of birch, pine, spruce, fir, with some deciduous species. Mixed in among the forests are bogs, fens, marshes, shallow lakes, rivers and wetlands, which hold vast amounts of water. They contain more than 55 per cent of the world’s conifers, and 11 per cent of the world’s biomass. Unique qualities of forest area Russia’s boreal region includes several important Global 200 ecoregions - a science-based global ranking of the Earth’s most biologically outstanding habitats. Among these is the Eastern-Siberian Taiga, which contains the largest expanse of untouched boreal forest in the world. Russia’s largest populations of brown bear, moose, wolf, red fox, reindeer, and wolverine can be found in this region. Bird species include: the Golden eagle, Black- billed capercaillie, Siberian Spruce grouse, Siberian accentor, Great gray owl, and Naumann’s thrush. Russia’s forests are also home to the Siberian tiger and Far Eastern leopard.
  • Potential Invasive Plant Expansion in Global Ecoregions Under Climate Change

    Potential Invasive Plant Expansion in Global Ecoregions Under Climate Change

    Potential invasive plant expansion in global ecoregions under climate change Chun-Jing Wang1,2, Qiang-Feng Li2 and Ji-Zhong Wan1 1 State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China 2 College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China ABSTRACT Climate change is increasing the risk of invasive plant expansion worldwide. However, few studies have specified the relationship between invasive plant expansion and ecoregions at the global scale under climate change. To address this gap, we provide risk maps highlighting the response of invasive plant species (IPS), with a focus on terrestrial and freshwater ecoregions to climate change, and further explore the climatic features of ecosystems with a high potential for invasive plant expansion under climate change. We use species distribution modelling to predict the suitable habitats of IPS with records at the global scale. Hotspots with a potential risk of IPS (such as aquatic plants, trees, and herbs) expanding in global ecoregions were distributed in Northern Europe, the UK, South America, North America, southwest China, and New Zealand. Temperature changes were related to the potential of IPS expansion in global ecoregions under climate change. Coastal and high latitude ecoregions, such as temperate forests, alpine vegetation, and coastal rivers, were severely infiltrated by IPS under climate change. Monitoring strategies should be defined for climate change for IPS, particularly for aquatic plants, trees, and herbs in the biomes of regions with coastal or high latitudes. The role of climate change on the potential for IPS expansion should be taken into consideration for biological conservation and risk evaluation of IPS at ecoregional scales.
  • An Analysis of Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Forest Area in Pakistan with Special Reference to Nwfp (1972-2000)

    An Analysis of Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Forest Area in Pakistan with Special Reference to Nwfp (1972-2000)

    AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING FOREST AREA IN PAKISTAN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NWFP (1972-2000) Naila Nazir Ph.D Scholar DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR 2008 AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING FOREST AREA IN PAKISTAN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NWFP (1972-2000) Naila Nazir Ph.D scholar Supervised By Professor Dr. Ijaz Majid Dissertation submitted to the Department of Economics, University of Peshawar in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR PAKISTAN 2008 APPROVAL SHEET Date: -------------- We hereby recommend that the dissertation entitled “AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIO- ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING FOREST AREA IN PAKISTAN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NWFP (1972-2000)” by Naila Nazir be accepted as part of the requirement of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics. SUPERVISOR: ---------------------------------------- Prof. Dr. Ijaz Majid Dept. of Economics University of Peshawar CO-SUPERVISOR: ---------------------------------------- Dr. K. M. Suleman Director, Forest Product Research Division, Pakistan Forest Institute Peshawar EXTERNAL EXAMINER: ---------------------------------------- Prof. Dr. Deedar Hussian Shah University of Sindh, Jamshoro CHAIRMAN ---------------------------------------- DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS Dr. Mohammad Naeem UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR Dept. of Economics University of Peshawar TABLE OF CONTENTS Page # Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................i
  • Self Assessment Report, Department of Forestry and Range

    Self Assessment Report, Department of Forestry and Range

    Self Assessment Report Of Department of Forestry and Range Management July 2011 (Under Graduate Program) Pir Mehr Ali Shah. Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Program Team Dr. Irshad A. Khan Coordinator Dr. Syed Moazzam Nizami Member Dr. Abdul Khaliq Member CONTENTS Page Introduction 03 Criterion 1 Program Mission, Objectives and Outcomes 05 Criterion 2 Curriculum Design and Organization 59 Criterion 3 Laboratories and Computing Facilities 64 Criterion 4 Students Support and advising 65 Criterion 5 Process Control 66 Criterion 6 Faculty 69 Criterion 7 Institutional Facilities 72 Criterion 8 Institutional Support 73 Summary & Conclusion 75 Annexure Annexure I Proforma 1. Student Course Evaluation Questionnaires Annexure II Proforma 2 .Faculty Course Review Report Annexure III Proforma 3. Survey of Graduating Students Annexure IV Proforma 4. Research Student Progress Review Form Annexure V Proforma 5. Faculty Survey Annexure VI Proforma 6. Survey of Department Offering Ph.D Programme Annexure VII Proforma 7. Alumni Survey Proforma Annexure VIII Proforma 8 .Employer Survey Annexure IX Proforma 9. Faculty Resume Annexure X Proforma 10. Teacher Evaluation Form Annexure XI Detailed Resume of the Faculty Members. Annexure XII Detailed Course Contents of fall Semester 2008-09 and Spring 2010 Under graduate Scheme of Studies List of Tables Table 1 Program Objective Assessment 6 Table 2 Programme Outcomes and their Relationship with Objectives 7 Table 3 The Internship Experience is Effective in Enhancing Professional Skills of the graduating students 53 Table 4 Present Performance Measures for Research Activities 56 Table 5 Short courses, Seminars, Workshops and conferences arranged by the deht-text 58 Table 6 Quantitative Assessment of the Department (Last three years) 58 Table 7 Scheme of Studies for B.
  • National Transport Policy of Pakistan 2017

    National Transport Policy of Pakistan 2017

    National Transport Policy of Pakistan 2017 Ministry of Planning, Development & Reform Government of Pakistan National Transport Policy of Pakistan 2017 Key messages from the Prime Minister, the Minister of Planning, Development and Reform and the Chief Ministers 2 of 40 DRAFT – for concurrence National Transport Policy of Pakistan 2017 Key messages from the Prime Minister, the Minister of Planning, Development and Reform and the Chief Ministers [Brief statements or messages from the Prime Minister, Minister of Planning, Development and Reform and the Chief Ministers to be added.] 3 of 40 DRAFT – for concurrence National Transport Policy of Pakistan 2017 4 of 40 DRAFT – for concurrence National Transport Policy of Pakistan 2017 Contents Introduction messages 2 1 The State of Pakistan’s Transport Sector 4 1.1 Pakistan’s Transport Context: The Current Situation 5 1.2 Business as Usual Scenario 10 2 The Need for a National Transport Policy and Master Plan 14 2.1 Contribution to the Pakistan’s Government Policies and Plans 15 2.2 Relationship with existing policies and transport plans 16 3 National Transport Vision for Pakistan 17 3.1 Vision Statement 17 4 Principles for the Governance of Pakistan’s Transport Sector 18 5 National Transport Policy Objectives 21 6 Policy directions for each of the transport sub-sectors 26 6.1 Road transport 27 6.2 Rail transport 28 6.3 Air transport 29 6.4 Maritime transport 30 6.5 Pipelines 31 6.6 Inland Waterway transport 31 6.7 Urban transport 32 6.8 Multimodal logistics 33 7 Implementation arrangements 34 8 Bibliography 37 5 of 40 DRAFT – for concurrence National Transport Policy of Pakistan 2017 1.
  • TCS Office Falak Naz Shop # G.2 Ground Floor Flaknaz Plaza Sh-E - Faisal

    TCS Office Falak Naz Shop # G.2 Ground Floor Flaknaz Plaza Sh-E - Faisal

    S No Cities TCS Offices Address Contact 1 Karachi TCS Office Falak Naz Shop # G.2 Ground Floor Flaknaz Plaza Sh-e - Faisal. 0316-9992201 2 Karachi TCS Office Main Head 101-104 CAA Club Road Near Hajj Tarminal - 3 0316-9992202 3 Karachi TCS Office Malir Cantt Shop#180 S-13 Cantt Bazar, Malir Cantonement, Karachi 0316-9992204 4 Karachi TCS Office Malir Court Shop # G-14 Al Raza Sq. New Malir City Near Malir Court 0316-9992207 Shop # 3Haq Baho shopping Center Gulshan e Hadeed Ph.1 Gulshan e 5 Karachi TCS Office Gulshan-E-Hadeed 0316-9992213 Hadeed 6 Karachi TCS Office Korangi No. 4 Shop # 10, Abbasi Fair Trade Centre, Korangi # 4 Opp. KMC Zoo 0316-9992215 7 Karachi TCS Office GULSHAN Chowrangi Shop A 1/30, block No 5. Haider plaza gulshan-e-Iqbal Karachi 0316-9992230 8 Karachi TCS Office GULISTAN-E-JOHAR Shop # Saima Classic Rashid Minas Road Near Johar More 0316-9992231 9 Karachi TCS Office HYDRI Shop # B-13, Al Bohran Circle, Block-B, North Nazimabad. 0316-9992232 10 Karachi TCS Office GULSHAN-E-IQBAL Shop # 06, Plot # B-74 Shelzon Center BI.15 Opp. Usmania Restrent 0316-9992234 11 Karachi TCS Office ORANGI TOWN Banaras Town, Sector 8, Orangi Town Karachi Opp. Banaras Town Masjid 0316-9992236 12 Karachi TCS Office S.I.T.E Shop # 5, SITE Shopping Centre, Manghopir Rd. Opp. MCB SITE Br. 0316-9992237 13 Karachi TCS Office NIPA CHOWRANGI Shop # A -8 KDA Overseas apartment 0316-9992241 S 5 Noman Arcade Bl. 14 Gulshan-e-Iqbal Near Mashriq Centre Sir 14 Karachi TCS Office Mashriq Center 0316-9992250 suleman shah Rd.
  • Environmental Problems of the Marine and Coastal Area of Pakistan: National Report

    Environmental Problems of the Marine and Coastal Area of Pakistan: National Report

    -Ç L^ q- UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME Environmental problems of the marine and coastal area of Pakistan: National Report UNEP Regional Seal Reports and Studies No. 77 PREFACE The Regional Seas Pragra~eMS initiated by UMEP in 1974. Since then the Governing Council of UNEP has repeatedly endorsed a regional approach to the control of marine pollution and the ma-t of marine ad coastal resources ad has requested the develqmmt of re#ioml action plans. The Regional Seas Progr- at present includes ten mimyand has over 120 coastal States à participating in it. It is amceival as an action-oriented pmgr- havim cmcera not only fw the consqmces bt also for the causes of tnvirommtal dtgradation and -ssing a msiveapproach to cantrollbg envimtal -1- thmqb the mamgaent of mrine and coastal areas. Each regional action plan is formulated according to the needs of the region as perceived by the Govemnents concerned. It is designed to link assessment of the quality of the marine enviroment and the causes of its deterioration with activities for the ma-t and development of the marine and coastal enviroment. The action plans promote the parallel developmmt of regional legal agreemnts and of actioworimted pmgr- activitiesg- In Hay 1982 the UNEP Governing Council adopted decision 10/20 requesting the Executive Director of UNEP "to enter into consultations with the concerned States of the South Asia Co-operative Envirof~entProgran~e (SACEP) to ascertain their views regarding the conduct of a regional seas programe in the South Asian Seasm. In response to that request the Executive Director appointed a high level consultant to undertake a mission to the coastal States of SACW in October/November 1982 and February 1983.
  • Angiospermic Plant Resources and Folk Uses in District Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Angiospermic Plant Resources and Folk Uses in District Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Akhtar et al., The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 28(5): 2018, Page:The J.1418 Anim.-1425 Plant Sci. 28(5):2018 ISSN: 1018-7081 ANGIOSPERMIC PLANT RESOURCES AND FOLK USES IN DISTRICT KARAK, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN N. Akhtar*, A. Siddique, and M. Anwar Department of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Pakistan. *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Ethnobotanical survey of angiosperms was undertaken in district Karak KP, Pakistan during March, 2010 through April, 2011.The aims and objectives of the study were to document the indigenous knowledge of plants particularly medicinal, fuel, timber, vegetables, ornamentals and fruit plants. A total of 88 genera and 103 species belonging to 43 families were collected from district Karak, KP, Pakistan. Out of 103 plant species, 76 species (74%) were herbs, 15 species (14%) were trees and 12 species (12%) were shrubs. Among these 103 plants, 70 (67.9%) plants are used as a fodder for cattle, 52 (50.4%) medicinal, 38(36.8%) fuel, 8 (7.7%) timber, 8 (7.7%) vegetables, 7 (6.8%) ornamental and 4 (3.8%) as edible fruits. Out of these, 6 (5.8%) used as a hedge plants and 10 (9.7%) used for miscellaneous purposes. Key words: Ethnobotany, Flora, Medicinal plants, Karak, Pakistan. INTRODUCTION is the scientific study of the traditional knowledge and customs of a people concerning plants and their medical, District Karak lies between 33˚-6´ to 33˚-7´ religious and other uses. Ethnobotany is the study of how North latitudes and 71˚-2´ to 71˚-7´ East longitudes.