„KANU“ UND „KANUSPORT“ (Paddelsport)

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„KANU“ UND „KANUSPORT“ (Paddelsport) Franz Zeilner Kanusport Wettkampf & Freizeitsport Geschichte Disziplinen Technik Sichern-Retten und Bergen Materialkunde Flusskunde Kanusport und Umwelt Kanuschulen und Vereine in Deutschland Österreich Schweiz Ein Lehrbuch für den Kanusport Franz Zeilner Kanusport Wettkampf & Freizeitsport Franz Zeilner Kanusport Wettkampf & Freizeitsport Geschichte Disziplinen Technik Sichern-Retten und Bergen Materialkunde Flusskunde Kanusport und Umwelt Kanuschulen und Vereine in Deutschland Österreich Schweiz Ein Lehrbuch für den Kanusport Inhalt A. DIE BEGRIFFE „KANU“ UND „KANUSPORT“ (Paddelsport) ................................ 18 1. KANU ....................................................................................................................18 2. KANUSPORT ........................................................................................................18 B. GRUNDZÜGE DER GESCHICHTE DES KANUSPORTS ....................................................................20 1. DAS „CANOE“ DER INDIANER ...........................................................................20 UND DAS „KAJAK“ DER ESKIMOS .....................................................................20 2. DAS „ROB ROY CANOE“ VON JOHN MAC GREGOR ........................................20 3. DAS FALTBOOT WAR WEGBEREITER ................................................................21 4. DIE ERZEUGUNG VON KUNSTSTOFFBOOTEN: EINE REVOLUTION IM BOOTSBAU ....................................................................22 5. DIE ERSTEN KANUS ............................................................................................23 5.1. Grundlegendes ..............................................................................................23 5.2. EXKURS: Osttiroler Boot ist 1000 Jahre alt ...................................................23 5.3. Überlieferungen .............................................................................................25 5.4. Die Vorbilder unserer heutigen „Kanus“ ........................................................26 5.5. Der Ursprung des Namens „Kanu“ ...............................................................27 C. DIE ENTWICKLUNG DES KANUSPORTS IN SEINER HEUTIGEN FORM ....................................................28 1. DAS 19.JAHRHUNDERT ......................................................................................28 1.1. Grundlegendes ..............................................................................................28 1.2. Die Gründung von Vereinen und Verbänden .................................................28 2. DAS 20. JAHRHUNDERT: DIE VERBREITUNG DES KANUSPORTS ...................29 2.1. Das Faltboot ..................................................................................................29 2.2. Die Reiseberichte ...........................................................................................29 2.3. Weitere Anregungen für den Kanusport ........................................................30 2.4. Die Befahrung außereuropäischer Flüsse ......................................................30 2.5. Das Faltboot bei Olympischen Spielen .........................................................30 2.6. Weitere Einsätze des Faltbootes im Wettkampfsport ....................................31 2.7. Der Kanurennsport ........................................................................................31 2.8. Die Entwicklung des Kanuslaloms und der WW-Abfahrt ..............................31 2.8.1. Die Zwischenkriegszeit ...........................................................................31 2.8.2. Die Zeit nach dem 2.Weltkrieg ................................................................33 2.8.2.1. Der Kanuslalom .................................................................................33 2.8.2.2. Die erste Weltmeisterschaft in der Wildwasserabfahrt ......................37 2.8.2.3. Die Entwicklung kanusportlicher Techniken und des Materials .........39 D. GROSSE INTERNATIONALE ERFOLGE ÖSTERREI- CHISCHER KANUTEN ................................................................41 1. Tabelle: Österreichische Weltmeister im Slalom und Wildwasserrennen ............41 2. TABELLE: WILDWASSERSPORT: Olympische Spiele, Weltcup, Europacup, Europameisterschaften, Studentenweltmeisterschaften .....................................42 OLYMPISCHE SPIELE (Kanuslalom) ......................................................................42 WELTCUP IM WILDWASSERSPORT (Wildwasserabfahrt) ....................................42 EUROPACUP IM WILDWASSERSPORT Kanuslalom ..............................................42 EUROPAMEISTERSCHAFTEN (Kanuslalom) ...........................................................42 STUDENTENWELTMEISTERSCHAFTEN .................................................................42 3. TABELLE: Kanurennsport: Weltmeister; Weltcup, Olympische Spiele .................42 ÖSTERREICHISCHE WELTMEISTER IM KANURENNSPORT ..............................42 WELTCUP IM KANURENNSPORT .........................................................................43 OLYMPISCHE MEDAILLEN IM KANURENNSPORT .............................................43 E. INDIKATIONEN UND KONTRAINDIKATIONEN FÜR DEN KANUSPORT ..............................................................44 1. INDIKATIONEN: WAS SPRICHT FÜR DIE AUSÜBUNG DES KANUSPORTS? ....44 2. Kontraindikationen: Wann sollte Kanusport nicht ausgeübt werden? .................46 F. DIE DISZIPLINEN IM KANUSPORT ........................................48 1. KANUSPORT ALS WETTKAMPFSPORT .............................................................48 1.1. Kanupolo, eine Ballsportart ...........................................................................48 1.3. Der Wildwassersport (Slalom und Abfahrt) ....................................................50 1.3.1. Grundlegendes .......................................................................................50 1.3.2 Die Wildwasserabfahrt .............................................................................50 Zwei Bootsklassen kommen im Wildwassersport zum Einsatz: ..............................50 1.3. 3. Der Kanuslalom ......................................................................................51 Für die Boote, welche keinen Kiel aufweisen, gibt es folgende Mindestmaße. .......52 1. 4. Freestyle - Kajak: Beispiele: Kanurodeo, Squirten, Wellensurfen ................54 1.4.1. Kanurodeo ..............................................................................................54 1.4.2. Squirten ...................................................................................................55 1.4.3. Das Wellensurfen ....................................................................................56 1.5. Der Kanurennsport ........................................................................................56 Die in den Wettkampfbestimmungen festgelegten Bootsmaße: ..........................57 Folgende zwölf Disziplinen gehören derzeit ins olympische Programm: .............58 1.6. Der Kanumarathon.........................................................................................58 2. Kanusport als Freizeitsport...................................................................................59 2.1. Das Kanuwanderfahren (Flusswandern, Wanderpaddeln) ............................59 2.2. Das „Alpine Kajakfahren“...............................................................................61 2.2.1 Grundlegendes ........................................................................................61 2.2.2. Erlebnismöglichkeiten beim alpinen Kajakfahren ...................................62 2.2.3. Wesentliches für den Kanuten ...............................................................63 2.2.4. Wesentliches für den Kanuten als Anfänger ...........................................64 2.2.4.1. Die Auswahl der geeigneten Flussabschnitte ....................................64 2.2.4.2. Die Auswahl und das Vertrautwerden mit der Sportausrüstung ........64 2.2.4.3. Die Vorbereitung des Bootes für den Einsatz im Wasser: ..................64 2.2.4.5. Wichtige Verhaltensregeln im Anfängerunterricht ..............................66 2.2.5. Exkurs: Alpines Kajakfahren „Extrem“: Beispiele: Wasserfallspringen und Gletscherkajaking .............................................................................................67 2.2.5.1. Wasserfallspringen: ............................................................................67 Ein Beispiel: Der Sturz über die Huka-Falls. ...................................................67 2.2.5.2. Gletscherkajaking: ..............................................................................68 Beispiel: Gletscherkajaking in den Schweizer Alpen. Toni Prijon (BRD). ........68 2.2.6. EXKURS: RIVERBOOGIE: Ein Wildwasserbob zum Befahren von Wildflüssen ...............................................................69 2.2.7. Die Anforderungen an den Kanuten beim Alpinen Kajakfahren ..............70 2.2.7.1. Grundlegendes ...................................................................................70 2.2.7.2. Die technomotorischen Anforderungen .............................................70 2.2.7.3. Die taktischen Anforderungen ............................................................71 2.2.7.4. Die kognitiven Anforderungen ............................................................71 2.2.7.5. Die psychischen Anforderungen ........................................................72 G. KENTERN UND SCHWIMMEN
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