ALICE Prepares to Pinpoint Muons
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Edward Ginzton
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES EDWARD LEONARD GINZTON 1915–1998 A Biographical Memoir by ANTHONY E. SIEGMAN Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoirs, VOLUME 88 COPYRIGHT 2006 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON, D.C. Photograph by Lars Speyder EDWARD LEONARD GINZTON December 27, 1915–August 13, 1998 BY ANTHONY E. SIEGMAN DWARD L. GINZTON’S MULTIFACETED career spanned an era E of immense technological advances in physics, electronics, and microwaves—and of important advances in social and political issues. Throughout his long and productive life his remarkable combination of scientific skills, leadership quali- ties, technological foresight, and community concerns en- abled him to make distinguished technical contributions and to build enduring institutions in which others could make such contributions as well. Ginzton’s scientific career began in the late 1930s when he helped develop the understanding of feedback in early vacuum tube amplifiers and worked with the pioneers who invented the klystron. It continued through his leadership in developing modern microwave technologies and mega- watt-level klystron tubes during and after World War II, and in helping make possible the development of linear elec- tron accelerators both as mile-long “atom smashers” and as medical tools still in use worldwide for cancer radiation therapy. His abilities eventually led him to take distinguished roles in both the academic and industrial worlds and in local and national community service as well. 3 4 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS By the end of his career Ginzton held some 50 funda- mental patents in electronics and microwave devices, had received the 1969 IEEE Medal of Honor “for his outstand- ing contributions in advancing the technology of high power klystrons and their applications, especially to linear particle accelerators,” and had been elected to the National Acad- emy of Sciences (1966) and the National Academy of Engi- neering(1965). -
Confinement and Exotic Meson Spectroscopy at 12Gev JLAB
174 Brazilian Journal of Physics, vol. 33, no. 2, June, 2003 Confinement and Exotic Meson Spectroscopy at 12GeV JLAB Adam Szczepaniak Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA Received on 30 October, 2002 Phenomenology of gluonic excitations and possibilities for searches of exotic mesons at JLab are discussed. I Introduction O(104) number. For technical reasons dynamical evolu- tion is studied by replacing the Minkowski by the Euclidean Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) represents part of the metric thereby converting to a statistical systems and using Standard Model which describes the strong interactions. Monte Carlo methods to evaluate the partition function. The fundamental degrees of freedom are quarks – the mat- In parallel many analytical many-body techniques have ter fields, and gluons – the mediators of the strong force. been employed to identify effective degrees of freedom and Quarks and gluons are permanently confined into hadrons, numerous approximation schemes have been advanced to e.g. protons, neutrons and pions, to within distance scales describe the soft structure and interactions of hadrons, e.g. of the order of 1fm = 10¡15m. Hadrons are bound by the constituent quark model, bag and topological soliton residual strong forces to form atomic nuclei. Thus QCD models, QCD sum rules, chiral lagrangians, etc. determines not only the quark-gluon dynamics at the sub- In this talk I will focus on the physics of soft gluonic ex- subatomic scale but also the interactions between nuclei at citations and their role in quark confinement. Gluons carry the subatomic scale and even the nuclear dynamics at a the strong force, and since on a hadronic scale the light u and macroscopic level, e.g. -
History of HEPL Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory
History of HEPL Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory going away party before demolition November 5, 2007 (prepared by Blas Cabrera with information from Stanford News archives and web) STANFORD UNIVERSITY A To Foothill Expressway I R JUNIP A ERO M SE To Interstate 280 via Page Mill Rd RRA A BLV T D N G A ERON S A RD ESTUDILLO RD SANT MIR A YNE ADA Z ST AVE D Hanna R House EL ESCARPADO S CA ' BRI N LLO A AVE Lou Henry M L T H Hoover House E C C A To N O F T E S Golf Course D A A N S R J A U R A S F N E R N R A C A O O V L S L O O A D K S E MAYFIELD AVE C Y To Interstate 280 ON L ST S N AN AN via Alpine Rd ZO JU V S AN E AL T PAR L or Sand Hill Rd V AI O WY A SO M A T AD S IT AN T S Row PL SA A ES L VAT A Hsg C O IER E T D RA E Off The A S V Knoll N T I M R O AY R T F D L S IE LAGUNITA O AN LD S C E Z A U South B E VE N P Golf Driving Range A Y M RD LV A A Residences Elliott L AR T C Program IL A N Pearce H DO A Center E SAN S Mitchell L N RO O PI FRANCISCO SF TER W Houses Florence M IT CT Moore Hall A D Tennis AVE R Huston MAYFIELD Bechtel Courts T House Int’l o S Center ta Cowell Bolivar Serra Governor’s Corner n N ELECTIONEER fo Cowell L House rd Student Roble LANE L A Cluster L Faculty ve L Health Owen Mariposa R Hall Red Houses E B n Center A D Club u N Barn O e Bike NIT Harmony R The W SHC GU DO O Bridge Shop LA House Sterling IN C Annex S Quad T Rogers Y R West Dinkel- Bowman D W Black T E T Kresge spiel Alumni O House L Residences B Aud Braun Aud B Lagunita B O A Music Ctr Court Tresidder R Rains East Residences Union SANTA TERESA -
Cryoedm: Building a Simulation Framework for Ultra-Cold Neutrons
CryoEDM: building a simulation framework for ultra-cold neutrons Matthew Rásó-Barnett University of Sussex • - CryoEDM • - What are UCN? • - Simulating UCN in CryoEDM Matthew Rásó-Barnett - University of Sussex - 6th April 2010 1 Wednesday, 6 April 2011 Why are we interested in EDMs anyway? • The existence of a permanent EDM in fundamental particles would be a violation of Time reversal symmetry and therefore CP symmetry. • CP violation is thought to be one of the key ingredients necessary for the predominance of matter over anti-matter in the universe. ➡ Sakharov’s necessary conditions for Baryogenesis • However, sources of CP-violation in the standard model are generally thought to be insufficient to generate presently observed baryon asymmetry. Matthew Rásó-Barnett - University of Sussex - 6th April 2010 2 Wednesday, 6 April 2011 Neutron EDM Measurements • Many different theoretical models predict new sources of CP-violation (such as the many from super- symmetry) and therefore give predictions for the size of the nEDM. • Thus, searches for a nEDM place experimental limits on many theories of beyond-standard-model physics Sussex-RAL 2006 Best Limit: Matthew Rásó-Barnett - University of Sussex - 6th April 2010 3 Wednesday, 6 April 2011 Measurement Principle • Measure changes in neutron’s Larmor precession frequency due to a potential EDM’s interaction with an applied Electric field. • Changing B field and E field from parallel to anti-parallel results in, !"#$%&'()"*+(,-.(,/0"%1+"'$ 2 S!"#*+',-#,+(.& polarizer analyzer incoming !" neutrons -
Interactions and Forces
background sheet The Standard Model 2: Interactions and forces Force Interactions The Australian Curriculum refers to fundamental In any closed system a number of properties are forces, force-carrying particles and reactions between conserved. These include energy, momentum and particles. However in this resource we have chosen charge. Although the totals of each property are to use a terminology used by contemporary particle conserved, their distribution amongst components physicists, that of interactions. of a system can change. Whenever energy (or momentum, charge or any other conserved property) The difference between ‘force’ and ‘interaction’ is is redistributed amongst components of a system subtle, but significant. Understanding it helps make then an interaction has taken place. In other words, sense of this complex study area. interactions lead to redistribution of energy, Students were probably introduced to the topic momentum and charge. of force through ‘pushes and pulls’. They learnt In Figure 1 two particles change their motion as they that changes to an object’s motion didn’t happen approach. There has been an exchange of energy and spontaneously, but were the result of some external momentum between them, so an interaction has taken action: a push or a pull. place. In this case the interaction is a consequence Later on these ideas were codified in Newton’s laws of these particles having charge, so the interaction is of motion. Together with Newton’s universal law described as electromagnetic. of gravitation, and Coulomb’s law of electrostatic Physicists recognise four fundamental interactions: interaction, changes in motion of objects could be seen as a consequence of force-pairs (action and reaction) • gravitational interaction acting between two objects. -
Probing the Quantum Universe )
July06-final.qxd 9/20/2006 9:29 PM Page 185 ARTICLE DE FOND ( PROBING THE QUANTUM UNIVERSE ) PROBING THE QUANTUM UNIVERSE by Alain Bellerive This article summarizes the activities encompassed by the the composition of our Universe, and the understanding of Particle Physics Division (PPD) at the 2006 Canadian elementary particle properties. The on-going Canadian par- Association of Physicists (CAP) annual congress that took ticipation in CLEO-c, ZEUS, D0 and CDF projects are paving place at Brock University. The summary is targeted toward the road for understanding the physics awaiting our commu- the general readership of Physics in Canada as it is meant to nity at the LHC. The knowledge gained by the future ILC be a review for non-experts in the experiments and the upcoming LHC form of a comprehensive overview of experiments is complementary since the physics research at the subatomic both facilities are needed to develop a scale. In a way the ultimate goal of A comprehensive summary more complete theory of fundamental particle physics is to establish the link of the research topics in particles and interactions. The study between our Quantum Universe and of particle properties and the probable Cosmology, and the research innova- subatomic physics and a discovery of the constituents of dark tions proposed by the PPD are critical look at the future challenges matter at accelerator complexes is for advancing this mission. The con- tightly coupled to direct investigation nection between research in particle of the Particle Physics of weakly interacting particles with physics and cosmology has never Division (PPD). -
Pos(EPS-HEP 2009)376 , 1 Cm As Measured with E 26 − 10 × 9
Measuring the electric dipole moment of the neutron: The cryoEDM experiment 1 C A Baker, S N Balashov, V Francis, K Green, M G D van der Grinten, P S Iaydjiev , PoS(EPS-HEP 2009)376 S N Ivanov2, A Khazov3, M A H Tucker and D L Wark Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK. A Davidson, J R Grozier, M Hardiman, P G Harris, J R Karamath, K Katsika, J M Pendlebury, S J M Peeters, D B Shiers, P N Smith, C M Townsley and I Wardell University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK. C Clarke∗4, S Henry, H Kraus and M McCann5 University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK. P Geltenbort Institut Laue-Langevin, BP156, F-38042 Grenoble, France. H Yoshiki University of Kure, Japan. 1on leave of absence from INRNE, Sofia, Bulgaria 2on leave of absence from PNPI, St Petersburg, Russia 3joint with the University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK 4E-mail: [email protected] 5joint with Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OXON OX11 0QX, UK The cryoEDM experiment at the Institut Laue-Langevin in Grenoble will measure the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron with unparalleled precision. A neutron EDM arises due to CP violation. The cryoEDM experiment is sensitive to levels of CP violation predicted by many “beyond the standard model” theories and the result will therefore constrain or support these −26 theories. The current limit to the neutron EDM stands at jdnj < 2:9×10 e cm as measured with a room temperature experiment. -
Guide to Wolfgang Kurt Hermann Panofsky Papers, 1932-2008 Collection SLAC003 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University
Guide to Wolfgang Kurt Hermann Panofsky Papers, 1932-2008 Collection SLAC003 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University Contact Information: Archives, History & Records Office SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road MS97 Menlo Park, CA 94025 Phone: (650) 926-5376 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.slac.stanford.edu/history/ ©2018 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. All rights reserved. Panofsky Papers Guide Contents Descriptive Summary...................................................................................................................... 2 Administrative Information ............................................................................................................ 2 Biographical Note ....................................................................................................................... 3 Scope and Content .................................................................................................................... 12 Arrangement ............................................................................................................................. 12 Related Material ........................................................................................................................ 21 1 Panofsky Papers Guide Descriptive Summary Title: Wolfgang Kurt Hermann Panofsky Papers, 1932-2008 Collection Number: SLAC003 Creator: Panofsky, Wolfgang Kurt Hermann Extent: 220 cubic feet Repository: Stanford University. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. -
Experimental Constraint on Quark Electric Dipole Moments
Experimental constraint on quark electric dipole moments Tianbo Liu,1, 2, ∗ Zhiwen Zhao,1 and Haiyan Gao1, 2 1Department of Physics, Duke University and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA 2Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215316, China The electric dipole moments (EDMs) of nucleons are sensitive probes of additional CP violation sources beyond the standard model to account for the baryon number asymmetry of the universe. As a fundamental quantity of the nucleon structure, tensor charge is also a bridge that relates nucleon EDMs to quark EDMs. With a combination of nucleon EDM measurements and tensor charge extractions, we investigate the experimental constraint on quark EDMs, and its sensitivity to CP violation sources from new physics beyond the electroweak scale. We obtain the current limits on quark EDMs as 1:27×10−24 e·cm for the up quark and 1:17×10−24 e·cm for the down quark at the scale of 4 GeV2. We also study the impact of future nucleon EDM and tensor charge measurements, and show that upcoming new experiments will improve the constraint on quark EDMs by about three orders of magnitude leading to a much more sensitive probe of new physics models. I. INTRODUCTION one can derive it from nucleon EDM measurements. A bridge that relates the quark EDM and the nucleon EDM Symmetries play a central role in physics. Discrete is the tensor charge, which is a fundamental QCD quan- symmetries, charge conjugate (C), parity (P), and time- tity defined by the matrix element of the tensor cur- reversal (T ), were believed to be conserved until the dis- rent. -
Coversheet for Thesis in Sussex Research Online
A University of Sussex MPhil thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details A New Monte-Carlo Based Simulation for the CryoEDM Experiment Matthew R´as´o-Barnett Submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences University of Sussex September 2013 Supervisors: Dr S J M Peeters and Prof P G Harris Declaration I hereby declare that this thesis describes my own original work, ex- cept where explicitly stated. No part of this work has previously been submitted, either in the same or different form, to this or any other University in connection with a higher degree or qualification. Matthew R´as´o-Barnett Signed: Date: March 26, 2015 2 University of Sussex Matthew R´as´o-Barnett,Master of Philosophy A new Monte-Carlo based simulation for the CryoEDM Experiment Abstract This thesis presents a new Monte-Carlo based simulation of the physics of ultra-cold neutrons (UCN) in complex geometries and its applica- tion to the CryoEDM experiment. It includes a detailed description of the design and performance of this simulation along with its use in a project to study the magnetic depolarisation time of UCN within the apparatus due to magnetic impurities in the measurement cell, which is a crucial parameter in the sensitivity of a neutron electric- dipole-moment (nEDM) experiment. -
Symmetry 7.375 X 11
SPECTRUM OF DISCOVERY by Neil Calder Subatomic scale Life scale Theory SSRL Theoretical models and analysis provide The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory a frame-work for understanding experimental analyzes biological and material results. structures using high intensity x-ray light. BaBar LCLS The B-factory detects the properties of B The Linac Coherent Light Source is a mesons and other subatomic particles after fourth generation x-ray light source that will electrons and positrons collide. create movies of molecular processes. USC “ The Ultrafast Science Center will analyze biological and material dynamics on the time-scale of molecular motion. International Linear Collider SLAC physicists form part of an international collaboration working toward plans for a next generation linear collider. 10 The future of Stanford Linear Accelerator Center involves a broadening from traditional particle physics experiments to research from subatomic to cosmological scales. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center is changing. You only need to drive through the main gate to under- stand, as looming in front of you is the huge steel skeleton of the new building for the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC). Cosmological scale Keep driving to the linear accelerator itself and a diversion takes you around the construction of the in- jector system for the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), the world’s first x-ray free electron laser. Noise, dust, cranes, and hardhats–SLAC is building new facilities, building for the future. SLAC’s future research programs cover a wide symmetry | volume 02 issue 05 jun/jul KIPAC spectrum of discovery potential. Photon science The Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology explores the fundamental research will examine the world of the ultra-small and physics behind astronomical and cosmological ultrafast, where molecules and atoms hum, vibrate, phenomena. -
Graduate School
xford hysics Post-Graduate Study Particle Physics We’ve discovered the Higgs so what else is there to do? 1 Some events selected in the Higgs search Higgs → γγ left Higgs → Z Z* below ATLAS H->gg Cleanest channels for very low Mass Higgs, Needs: Good di-photon mass resolution Determination of primary vertex Good Photon Id. Last year g/Jet, g/p0 discrimination Need to understand backgrounds with high precision with Data This year Driven techniques QCD gg production g-Jet and Jet-Jet production combined H→γγ search Local significance 4.5σ at Higgs mass 126.5 GeV 3 H→γγ and H → Z Z* are the best channels to tie down the Higgs mass but to check that this is the Higgs predicted by the Standard Model we have to check that it couples to all channels as predicted Is it a Standard Model Higgs? It is consistent with SM Here is H → W W* with W’s decaying via lepton neutrino No mass peak but a consistent level of enhancement at 3.2σ Combined channels: H → γγ, ZZ*, WW*, bb, τ+τ- Higgs excluded MH 110 to 122.7 and 129 to 557 GeV at 95% CL An excess at MH=126.5 with local significance 5σ, where 4.6σ would be expected for a Standard Model Higgs Lots more work to do: Are the branching ratios as predicted for SM Higgs? Is it spin-0? Is there only ONE of them? The Higgs was not the only reason we built the LHC there are many other questions • Do forces unify at high energy? •Are there extra dimensions? Possibly where gravity enters but other forces do not.