Dr. S.K. NAYAK SENIOR SCIENTIST SHRIRAM INSTITUTE for INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH 19, UNIVERSITY ROAD,DELHI - 110007 REQUIREMENTS of FOOD TESTING LABS
BENCHMARK LAB INFRASTRUCTURE FOR FOOD ANALYSIS AND TESTING
Dr. S.K. NAYAK SENIOR SCIENTIST SHRIRAM INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH 19, UNIVERSITY ROAD,DELHI - 110007 REQUIREMENTS OF FOOD TESTING LABS
• Food analysis –Interdisciplinary in nature • To evaluate foods for their nutritive and safety values • To evaluate foods for their proximate, biochemical, biophysical and engineering analysis
REQUIREMENTS OF FOOD TESTING LABS
• ISO/IEC-17025 accreditated • Technically qualified personnel with appropriate training and updation on methods of sampling and analysis as per national and international methods • Control sample retention storage in controlled temperature of appropriate capacity • Method validation for sampling and residual analysis, participation in ILC and PT programme
DESIGN OF FOOD TESTING LABS
It is important in developing a laboratory and preparing the layout :
To recognize the required work capacity of the lab Number of staff engaged in testing Services like electricity, water, gas required Mechanisms to control cross contamination Space for future expansion of scope & volume of samples SCOPE OF FOOD TESTING LABS
• Food chemistry • Food microbiology • Food rheology & other physical testing • Molecular biology • Sensory testing ACCOMODATION & ENVIRONMENT
Design of Lab to meet both generic and specialized activities Generic activities .Wet chemistry needs fixed benches with provision of water, power, sinks, cupboards, fume cupboards, reagent shelves, glassware cleaning and storage
.Instrument rooms-flexible arrangement of movable tables and benches ACCOMODATION & ENVIRONMENT
Design of Lab to meet both generic and specialized activities Specialized activities .Require for clean-air-work or for work on substances (which need special care for reasons of safety) e.g. storage or work on toxic substances .Design needs to be specific to ensure segregation of trace analysis from highly concentrated formulations and from pure analytical standards .Should have adequate fire safety measures
ACCOMODATION & ENVIRONMENT
Ventilation • Central Air conditioning • Minimize temperature variation • Reduce amount of particles in air • Ambient temperature – 20 to 25C • RH – 45-65% • All air exhausted from a lab must enter through either the building HVAC system or infiltration. Lighting • Intensity at least 300 lux at working surfaces other than those required for specified tests ACCOMODATION & ENVIRONMENT
Temperature • Central Air conditioning • Minimize temp. variation • Ambient temp (20 to 25C) • Supply air volume in lab with high heat loads, viz. computers, ovens & other electrical equipment, is driven by cooling requirements.
ACCOMODATION & ENVIRONMENT
Laboratory Space • Glassware cleaning areas should be separated from analytical areas • Ideal bench top height -36-38 inches & depth – 28-30 inches • Walls & ceiling –cover with enamel or epoxy paint or impervious surface that can be easily disinfected • Floor-cover with high quality tile or other impenetrable material • Cracks & crevices should be minimized • Open floor drain –undesirable
ACCOMODATION & ENVIRONMENT
Storage Area • Sample stored at room temperature –place in container • Written policy for rodent & insect control • Standard policy for conditions & storage period for samples • Outdated chemical & reagents –disposed of according to documentary policy • All chemical & reagents –labelled with date of received, date opened – disposal of out-of-date • Hazardous chemicals –stored properly as dictated by their reactivity & quantity
ACCOMODATION & ENVIRONMENT
Safety • Design to maintain the health and well-being of analysts. • Potentially hazardous substances used in Lab include chemicals, radioactive materials and infectious biological agents. • Safety must remain the primary goal of a laboratory.
EQUIPMENT
Commonly used equipment in Sample preparation Lab
• Micro Balance Rotary evaporator
EQUIPMENT
Commonly used equipment in Sample preparation Lab
• Refrigerated centrifuge Solid Phase Extraction Manifold
EQUIPMENT
Commonly used equipment in Sample preparation Lab
• Turbovap concentrator Microwave Reaction System
EQUIPMENT
Commonly used equipment in Instrument Lab • Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
EQUIPMENT
Protocol to verify the reliability of the equipment and instruments Trained personnel for equipment use Equipment –cleaned before & after use
Temperature monitoring daily for : Stability chamber (for stability study) Ovens Muffle furnace Water baths Refrigerators Freezers Laboratory
EQUIPMENT
Ensure all equipment (including that used for sampling) required for the test and/or calibration is:
. Available and functioning . Available and functioning properly; properly; . Capable of achieving required . Capable of achieving required accuracy; accuracy; . Comply with specifications; . Comply with specifications; . Checked and calibrated before . Checked and calibrated before use; use; EQUIPMENT
Records of equipment and software . Identity of the equipment and its software; . Ma ufactu e ’s a e, odel, a d “. No. o othe u i ue identification; . Compliance of specifications . Location . Ma ufactu e ’s I st uctio s . Calibration . maintenance plan . Any damage, malfunction, modification or repair to equipment EQUIPMENT
Out-of-Service when the equipment subjected to . overloading or mishandling, . gives suspect results, . shown to be defective . outside of specified limits Actions required . Isolated to prevent its use; . Clearly labeled or marked as being out-of-service; . Examined for the effect of the defect . Addressed under the Co t ol of nonconforming wo k procedure.
EQUIPMENT
.Calibration Status – Labelled / identified to indicate the status .If the equipment goes outside the direct control of the laboratory, check the calibration status before being returned to service. .Intermediate Calibration Checks, .Applying Correction factors
EQUIPMENT FOR CHEMICAL LAB
• Analytical balance • Hot air oven • pH meter • Vacuum oven • Conductivity meter • Muffle furnace • Turbidity meter • Water bath • Colour meter (Lovibond • Polarimeter Tintometer) • Refrigerator & Deep freezer Refractometer • • Protein Analyzer • UV-Visible Spectrophotometer SCOPE OF CHEMICAL LAB
Chemical Parameters Proximate and nutritional facts Water-soluble and oli-soluble vitamins Amino acid profile Fatty acid profile Minerals & trace metals Pesticide residues, contaminants, mycotoxins, etc. Added food colour, preservatives and antioxidants Migration studies from packaging materials Shelf life studies EQUIPMENT FOR MICROBIOLOGY LAB
• Weighing balance • Refrigerator & Deep freezer • Bio-safety cabinet • Vortex mixer • Incubator • Colony counter • Autoclave • Fumigator • Microscope • Air sampler • pH meter • ELISA Reader
SCOPE OF MICROBIOLOGY LAB
Microbiological Parameters Total Plate Count, Fungal Count Food pathogens Environmental air monitoring Swab testing Microbial efficacy study of preservatives in food Antibiotic resistant study Sterility assurance Hygiene checking SCOPE OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LAB
• Fou datio fo the olecula a alysis of speci e s i a y laboratories starts with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Equipment: RT-PCR, DNA Sequencer, • Parameters DNA/RNA extraction, quantification, and analysis Molecular diagnostic testing DNA finger printing & genotyping Detection of genetically modified organisms (GMO) Detection of food borne pathogens using PCR technique Food allergens using PCR technique Lab shall have relevant expertise to analyze GMO products in terms of technically qualified personnel
SCOPE OF RHEOLOGY LAB
A branch of science that deals with the flow and deformation of materials. Rheological are important in the design of flow processes for quality control, in predicting storage and stability and in designing texture.
Equipment used : Rheometer, Viscometer, Texture analyser, Alveo- consistograph Parameters Viscosity, hardness, brittleness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, gumminess, springiness, spreadability, tensile strength, etc. DESIGN OF SENSORY LAB
Sensory lab should include : Briefing room Office Testing booths Sample preparation room. Most important considerations for a sensory lab: Location Ventilation Lighting Traffic pattern Sample preparation Presentation Evaluators communications and Experimental comfort. Testing Booths SCOPE OF INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS
Analytes Analytical technique Pesticide residues GC-MS/MS /LC-MS/MS Metals AAS, ICP-OES, ICP-MS Mycotoxins ELISA, LC-MS/MS Radionuclides Nuclide spectrometer /Gamma scanner Antibiotics HPLC, LC-MS/MS Vitamins HPLC, ELISA Anions like NO2, NO3, F, Cl, I Ion chromatography Amino acid profile HPLC Fatty acid profile GC-FID