Carningli Sylvan Management Plan September 2017

Sue Gillooley

Site Address: Land adjacent to Castle Hill Newport Pembrokeshire SA42 0QE

Correspondence address: c/o Tregyddulan St Nicholas Goodwick Pembrokeshire SA64 0LX

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Contents

1. Summary 2. Local Planning Context 3. Baseline 4. Strategy 5. Business and Improvement Plan: Land Based Activity o Food o Income o Business Plans . Willow . Lavender . Geese . Chickens . Primroses . Tours o Occupants 6. Land Management o Ecology o Layout 7. Energy and Water o Domestic Electricity Generation o Domestic Heating o Domestic Cooking o Water Use 8. Waste o Domestic Food waste o Grey Water o Human Faeces and Urine o Green waste o Livestock Manure 9. Zero Carbon Buildings 10. Social Benefit o Community Impact Assessment 11. Transport and Travel Plan 12. EFA o Other Footprints 13. Phasing, Monitoring and Exit Strategy 14. Section 106 undertaking 15. Declaration of Competency

Appendices: 1. Ecological Survey 2. Visual Impact assessment 3. CSH part 3 4. EFA assessment 5. Contour plan of site 6. LANDMAP Cultural landscape Page 2 of 76

7. LANDMAP Geological landscape 8. LANDMAP Historic landscape 9. LANDMAP Landscape Habitats 10. LANDMAP Visual and Sensory 11. Carningli SSSI 12. Newport and Carningli Full Description Historic Landscape 13. Landscape Character Assessment 22 Mynydd Carningli 14. Cashflow forecasts – Carningli Sylvan land-based enterprises

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1. Summary

This management plan provides a framework for the management of the Carningli eco-smallholding under the Welsh ‘One Planet Development’ policy. It adopts the format as suggested in the One Planet Development Practice Guidance (TAN6, Oct 2012), with reference to the Supplementary Planning Guidance to the Local Development Plan for the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park (re Policy 47) provided in Chapter 2.

This management plan describes the holding’s topography, ecology and context. It provides a comprehensive breakdown of my current and future consumption patterns, and describes how I will grow/ produce more than 30% of my own food from the land. It details how I will meet my minimum income requirements from land-based enterprises and how I see these developing over time. I explain how I will meet my water, energy and waste needs in accordance with the planning policy guidance, and explores my potential impact on the local and wider community.

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2. Planning Context

Pembrokeshire Coast National Park has its own Low Impact Development – Making a positive contribution policy with Supplementary Planning Guidance (June 2013). The following table lists the policy criteria and references them in regard to this management plan:

Policy 47: criteria Where this is described in the Management Plan Note: italics indicates a requirement specific to the National Park A. The proposal will make a positive The positive environmental contribution is covered in the environmental, social and/or economic Baseline chapter (which provides contextual reference) along contribution with public benefit. with its supporting appendices, the Strategy Chapter (which a) Positive environmental contribution describes the design principles), and is summarised in the Land with public benefit. Management chapter. An Ecology Report and a Visual Impact b) Positive social and/ or economic Assessment provide independent professional perspectives on contribution with public benefit. the environmental impact of the project.

The economic contribution that the project offers is detailed in the Business and Improvement plan: Land based activity chapter. The Community Impact Assessment describes the local community benefits of the proposal.

B. All activities and structures on site a) See chapter on Waste have low impact in terms of the b) See chapter on Energy and Water environment and use of resources. c) See chapter on Zero Carbon Buildings Relating to: d) See Transport Assessment – Travel Plan chapter a) Waste e) See Exit Strategy in chapter 13 b) Water and energy f) See Strategy chapter c) Buildings d) Traffic generation e) Reversibility of proposals f) Scale no greater than necessary C. Opportunities to reuse buildings There are no existing buildings on the proposal site. which are available in the proposal area of operation have been investigated and shown to be impracticable. D. The development is well Refer to the Landscape section of the Land Management integrated into the landscape and Chapter, along with the Visual Impact Assessment does not have adverse visual effects. a) Generally b) Associated activities c) Lighting E. The proposal requires a countryside a) Refer to the Food component of the Land Based Activity location and is tied directly to the land on chapter which it is located, and involves b) Refer to the Income component of the Land Based Activity agriculture, forestry or horticulture. chapter a) Food needs from the site c) Refer to the ‘Energy and Water’ and ‘Waste’ chapters b) Income from the site c) Energy and waste assimilation

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F. The proposal will provide sufficient Refer to the ‘Business and Improvement Plan’ Chapter and the livelihood for and substantially meet the Cash Flow Forecast needs of residents on the site. a) Generally b) Provision of financial information G. The number of adult residents should Refer to the ‘Occupants’ component of the ‘Business and be directly related to the functional Improvement Plan’ Chapter requirements of the enterprise. H. In the event of the development The development does not involve more than one family involving members of more than one family, the proposal will be managed and controlled by a trust, co-operative or other similar mechanism in which the occupiers have an interest.

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3. Baseline

(Please refer to the appendices for full reports as referred to below. Where the full reports have not been included in the appendices, sources are shown).

Location: The site is located in the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park just south of the small town of Newport. The site ranges from 108 to 150 meters above sea level, approximately mid way between the coastal plain and Carningli summit. It slopes toward the sea facing north. A detailed contour map is included in the Appendices.

Area and Shape: The site covers 5.5 acres of predominantly pasture adjacent to Castle Hill, Newport, Pembrokeshire, and comprises of 5 irregularly shaped small fields.

Boundaries: To the south and east (and a little to the west) the site adjoins Carningli common (with the exception of the south-eastern corner which adjoins further small fields) and a dry stone wall separates the improved fields from the unimproved pasture and scrub on the common.

To the west the site is bordered by pockets of woodland and overgrown hedgerows associated with the neighbouring ‘Stone Hill’ residence – these follow the stream gully and road access.

Context Sheep have been grazing the fields over the last few years which has improved the quality of the grass and soil. Some planting and horticultural activities have been initiated in anticipation of a future mixed land use as described herein. Carningli common, a SSSI, is managed as rough pasture, as are the fields to the south of the site. The small cluster of 3 fields to the north-east of the site are under mixed use – horticulture, agroforestry and agriculture.

Tenure and Services I own the site as a freehold and it has no mains services.

Access: Vehicular and pedestrian access is via an existing entranceway on the northern boundary - via the Castle Hill road. Currently the entranceway onto the site includes a small parking area.

Audit: Physical

The site lies within the Mynydd Dinas - Mynydd Carningli Geological Landscape which is classified as Mountain and upland valley/Undulating upland terrain and dissected plateau/Other (Level 3).

The site is classified as grade 4 under the Agricultural Land Classification system: Grade 4 - poor quality agricultural land Land with severe limitations which significantly restrict the range of crops and/or level of yields. It is mainly suited to grass with occasional arable crops (e.g. cereals and Page 7 of 76

forage crops) the yields of which are variable. In moist climates, yields of grass may be moderate to high but there may be difficulties in utilisation. The grade also includes very droughty arable land. Source: http://archive.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/landmanage/land-use/documents/alc-guidelines- 1988.pdf

Mynydd Dinas - Mynydd Carningli LANDMAP Geological Landscape PMBRKGL039

This assessment considers the geological landscape of high value (Prominent massif with key periglacial features to N W of more famous Preseli Mountains massif) and in good condition.

It describes the area as: Prominent massif N W of the Preseli Mountains and rising to 337 m. Forms a broadly E -W ridge of coalescing knolls with rocky peaks or tors surrounded by rock-strewn slopes. Slopes away rapidly northwards towards the coast forming an escarpment. To S of ridge slopes more gently towards Cwm Gwaun, but locally with steeper upper-most section around tors. Common blocks on slopes often concentrated in broad runs. Bedrock geology includes Ordovician volcanic rocks and slates with some igneous intrusions, the latter as in the Preseli Mountains. Surface features are dominantly periglacial, however (Quaternary, Pleistocene).

Audit: Biodiversity

An ecology survey has been undertaken for the site and is included in the Appendices.

It states that…

‘Within the site four main habitat types were identified; semi-improved pasture (phase 1 code B6), species-rich hedgerow/wall (J2.2.1/J2.5)) and a stream (G2.2). The semi- improved grassland also contains a flush and an area of rush pasture. Hedgerows and streams are both listed in section 42 NERC act 2006 as priority habitats, and are considered to be of significant conservation value. In addition the network of old dry stone walls and ruins are species-rich and hold significant biodiversity.’

There is also a LANDMAP Landscape Habitat assessment for this area:

N. of Carn Ingli LANDMAP Landscape Habitats PMBRKLH358

The landscape habitats in the area are considered as ‘moderate’. This is justified as: ‘Generally low value habitat but with some valuable areas and of some value to key species. Part of Aspect Area is of great importance for Greater Horseshoe Bats. Also both SSSI and SAC designations are present all be it in only a small part of the site.’

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Audit: Cultural Heritage

Carningli Sylvan falls within the Preseli and Carns Cultural Landscape assessment:

Preseli Hills and Carns LANDMAP Cultural Landscape PMBNPCL331

This assessment considers the area as ‘Outstanding’ (Unique area with a diversity of cultural associations and influences), justifying this evaluation as ‘A unique area with a diversity of cultural associations and influences. A dramatic landscape steeped in history. Today's rural society on Preseli has had to diversify from traditional farming to survive.’

It summarises: In the north, the extensive tracts of moorland on Carningli and Mynydd Preseli, give an exposed and mountainous feel to the landscape. This archaeological wealth has lead to the inclusion of part of the Preseli Hills into the Welsh Historic landscapes register. Much of the hills are common land. Nineteenth and twentieth century enclosure of common land is evident on the southern flank of the mountain block. The boundary between cultivated land and moorland on the northern fringe, however, appears to have changed little since the early nineteenth century. The rectilinear field shapes were formed following enclosure of common land. Broadleaf woodland is almost wholly absent from the hills, but some large coniferous plantations have been planted on the southern side of the main upland block.

It considers the area to be in poor condition. The assessment also recognises the role that the eco-movement has in this cultural landscape:

Are there any people / movements / institutions that are particularly famous or associated with the Aspect Area?

- Yes (Eco movement at Brithdir)

Audit: Existing Buildings

The site does include the ruins of what appears to be a cottage to the west of the site.

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A survey of historical maps reveals that the stone ruin appears to have been intact until at least 1964. Given the scale and nature of the remaining stone walls it would seem reasonable to conclude that this would have been a labourer’s cottage.

1889 Map of land:

Detail from 1907 map:

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1964 Map of land:

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Audit: Landscape

The land falls within the Mynydd Carningli Landscape Character Assessment (LCA 22), and as such comes under a series of management guidance recommendations:

Management Guidance  Conserve the open heathland and moorland, especially through bracken control on open access land  Consider the appropriateness of conifer plantations with options including removal and replacement with heathland habitats. Discourage the further planting of woodland, especially coniferous species  Encourage landowners to participate in agri-environmental schemes and leave overgrown areas around the margins of arable fields for the benefit of wildlife  Rehabilitate historic boundary hedgerows and hedgebanks, especially the boundary bank between enclosed fields and open moorland  Promote the reinstatement of traditional land boundary management methods and implement these in perpetuity, especially at key visual locations  Monitor the condition of archaeological sites in relation to visitor erosion and disturbance; maintain the integrity of archaeological sites and their visual setting, especially within the Newport and Carningli Landscape of Special Historical Interest in Wales  Ensure that as far as possible no significant geological or geomorphological features are lost or damaged.  Ensure that as far as possible ancient monuments and remains are not lost or damaged.

Source: See Appendix: Landscape Character Assessment 22 Mynydd Carningli

The Management principles being adopted are all in keeping with this guidance.

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Audit: Past Land Use

Prior to purchase the land was used for grazing horses for recreational use.

The site falls within the Newport and Carningli Registered Landscape of Special Historic Interest in Wales. This describes the area as:

The small medieval borough of Newport is sited on the southern estuary shore of the River Nevern within Newport Bay on the main coastal route from Cardigan through to St Davids in north Pembrokeshire.

South of the coastal plain which is between 50m and 100m high, the ground rises steeply to the heights of Carningli at 347m which dominates the open moorland of the northern Preseli Hills. This striking natural setting and the lack of large scale post-medieval and modern development of the town and its surrounding area mean that its medieval topography is well- preserved and that the component elements of a medieval Marcher lordship — town, fields, mills, common pastures — are either fossilized in the present landscape or persist as working elements.

This Anglo-Norman landscape created by the Fitzmartin lords of Cemais overlies, but has not wholly obliterated, an earlier, native Welsh landscape of dispersed settlement. In some areas, the present day boundary between enclosed farmland and open moor has retreated from the limits of earlier cultivation, and former fields flanking access tracks to open grazing areas are preserved. In others, a mass of small square fields and cottages represent late encroachment on to open moorland in the 1830s and 1840s, a period of distress and land hunger, partially alleviated by emigration.

Source: extract from online summary of Newport and Carningli Historic Area: http://www.ccgc.gov.uk/landscape--wildlife/protecting-our-landscape/historic-landscapes/newport- and-carningli.aspx

This proposal represents a new approach to an ancient land-use pattern as described above – that of the small-scale land-based mixed holding establishing on the margins of cultivated land as a grass-roots initiative towards sustainability, self-reliance and a return to a simpler way of life.

The site also falls within the Y Garn – Parke Historic Landscape Assessment:

Y Garn – Parke LANDMAP – Historic Landscape PMBRKHL46068

The area is described as… ‘A relatively dense scatter of the cottages and houses of small agricultural holdings set within small fields bounded by stone-faced banks and dry-stone walls ... A higher levels pasture is reverting to moorland... Most significant archaeological element(s ): Deserted cottages /small farmsteads , Possible burial mound, Animal pound. This historic landscape character area

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occupies a 300m to 600m wide band on north-facing slopes at 100m to 200m high sandwiched between the lower-lying Newport coastal plain to the north and the higher unenclosed moorland of Mynydd Carningli to the south. It is characterised by a fairly densely packed distribution of cottages and small agricultural holdings set in a landscape of small, irregular fields. Pasture is the dominant land-use, but much of the land close to the mountain edge is reverting to rough grazing and moorland, and scrubby woodland is regenerating in sheltered hollows at lower levels. There is very little improved pasture. Boundaries to the small fields are a mixture of stone-faced banks, stony banks and dry-stone wall; with dry-stone walls probably the dominant type. There are gaps in some of the banks, and many of the walls are in poor condition. Barbed wire fences supplement these older boundaries in many instances. At higher levels it is a virtually treeless landscape, but at lower levels overgrown hedges, many containing much gorse, and scrubby woodland lend a wooded aspect to the landscape - an aspect that is emphasised by occasional small coniferous shelter belts. Dwellings are generally of two storeys (with one storey, and one-and-a-half storeys present) and three bays. They are in the broad vernacular tradition of southwest Wales, some with polite ''Georgian'' pretensions. Their box-sash windows, symmetry of layout and occasional architectural detailing indicates a mid to late 19th century date for the construction of most of them.’

And is assigned as: The area has revealed limited evidence of prehistoric occupation but the archaeological record is generally modest in scope. The dominant archaeological landscape is post-medieval, as evidenced by the many deserted small agricultural settlements that litter the fieldscape. Based on these observations, the area has been assigned an overall value of moderate.

Audit: Present Land Use

The majority of the fields have been used for grazing sheep. In the future, as outlined in this Management Plan, they will be grazed by geese. The exception to this is an area to the north- west of the most southerly field which has been under trial cultivation.

Audit: Statutory Designations

The site does border onto the Carningli Common SSSI (See appendices)

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Map detailing SSSI area in relation to site

The SSSI is described as:

‘A scattered patchwork of different vegetation types covers the hillsides at this site. Freely drained areas have dry heath, a shrubby mixture of bell heather, common heather and western gorse. In many places, grazing has turned this into acid grassland – a shorter turf of fescue and bent grasses studded with the small yellow flowers of tormentil and the white of heath bedstraw. Around and below the springs that well-up from the hillside, flush vegetation has developed. This often consists of carpets of mosses and sedges, and a variety of wetland plants like the fluffy white cotton-grass and the sticky-leaved, insect-eating sundew. Waterlogged peaty ground has fen, often with bogbean and marsh cinquefoil amongst the more obvious species. Peaty ground that dries out a bit in the summer has wet heath, which has various types of heather alongside bog-moss carpets and the golden spikes of bog asphodel. Elsewhere, species rich marshy grassland has developed, with rushes (‘reeds’) or tussocks of moor-grass’

The impact of the proposed uses for the site on the SSSI is considered in the Ecology Survey.

The site does not fall near any Special protection Area (SPA), nor does it fall within any Special Areas of Conservation (SAC).

Audit: Landscape Features

The main landscape features are the ruins of a stone cottage, and the network of stone field boundaries as detailed in the Ecology Survey:

‘A total of 1230m of hedgerow and wall is contained within and around the outside of this 2.2Ha site, and most of this is either stone clad hedge bank with scattered shrubs and mature trees, or dry stone wall, often with mature shrubs’. Page 15 of 76

The site also accommodates two small streams, and a flush of damp grassland, as detailed in the Ecology Survey.

Audit: Existing transport generated

I have maintained a regular presence on the land in order to both observe the ecological and weather patterns as well as care for the livestock and cultivated plants. It generates approximately 4 vehicle trips a week in order to accommodate any land-based needs.

Character of the local Landscape

Following on from the data provided above, the Visual and Sensory LANDMAP assessment is summarised as:-

New Inn LANDMAP Visual and Sensory PMBRKVS044

Summary Description: The New Inn Aspect Area, covering several geographically close areas of land contains an upland agricultural landscape with scattered farmsteads throughout... Mature trees in overgrown hedges and woodland belts often associated with small valleys include a strong presence of conifer plantations which add to the upland association of the landscape... Borrowed views of Preseli Hills add to this upland sense of place...

The Visual and Sensory assessment is particularly relevant to this application and is considered in much more detail in the Visual Impact Assessment. Nonetheless the evaluation matrix is reproduced below because of its relevance here:

Evaluation Matrix Evaluation Criteria: Scenic quality - High (Attractive views of upland landscapes and onto Preseli Hills ) Evaluation Criteria: Integrity - Moderate (The mosaic of upland grazing and forest plantation with scattered dwellings has a continuous nature throughout the Aspect Area...) Evaluation Criteria: Character - High (The character of the area is defined by its upland nature of vegetation and borrowed views of Preseli Hills ) Evaluation Criteria: Rarity - Representative (The upland area is notable for its views out to Preseli and the character within which is enhanced by the presence of conifer plantations ...) Evaluation Criteria: Overall Evaluation - High (The Aspect Area has a significant upland character which is enhanced by the presence of conifer plantations and borrowed views of the Preseli Hills .. and the coast.) Justification of overall evaluation - The area has been judged as having two moderate and high evaluations. The fine grained field patterns on the upland slopes and views over the coast justify high evaluation.

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As detailed in the Visual Impact Assessment – this proposal minimises any adverse visual impact – as far as possible embedding the built structures into the landscape and using the existing and proposed hedgerows and mature trees as mitigation to screen the built structures from local viewpoints. The structures are further screened with planting schemes.

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4. Strategy

The intention is to live a low-impact lifestyle as part of a wider community effort to create a resilient land-based economy that revolves around locally grown food and produce. This task centres on the creation of a sustainable infrastructure base within a mosaic of diverse and abundant ecosystems. Central to this premise is the ability of human beings to live within a natural landscape in a way in which they are of net environmental benefit. Indeed the development aspires to be of net environmental, social and economic benefit. I believe I have a valid role to play as part of a society in the midst of a radical transition from a culture of fossil fuel dependence and disposable consumerism to a low-impact, low-carbon, resilient community based society. The project therefore seeks to have a positive and beneficial impact on the local community.

The project is of a scale no greater than is necessary to meet the needs of the overall project –

The role of each of the buildings:

Dwelling

I have spent the last few years observing and studying the land in keeping with a permaculture approach to design and management. As a result I have become very familiar with the many and varied patterns of the land, hydrology and climate that evolve through the seasons and over time. I have become familiar with the changing patterns of shade on the land, with the way in which the wind passes over the land, with the frost pockets and the suntraps.

It is from this basis that I have designed the holding to maximise the various potentials of the different ecologies and habitats across the site, taking into account the multiple aspects, resources and potentials that each part of the site offers.

Barn:

The barn is an enclosed space that will be used to accommodate the geese at night-time and protect them from predators, particularly foxes. Animal feed and hay will also be stored here as well as equipment for collecting and packaging eggs.

Greenhouse:

The greenhouse will provide a space for the cultivation of lavender cuttings (see business plan).

Principles

The dwelling house has been tucked into a sheltered and sunny corner of the eastern lower field, such that it is screened from both the prevailing wind and weather and minimises any visual impact in the wider landscape.

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The poultry are kept close to the house to minimise the regular trips to care for them, to enable me to keep an eye on their behaviour patterns and egg-laying habits, and to minimise the risk from predators.

The fruit and vegetable growing areas have all been chosen for their beneficial aspects and good soil depth and health.

New plant woodland has been located in positions that will contribute to the development of beneficial horticultural and agricultural micro-climates.

Existing habitats and ecologies have been incorporated and integrated into the design and management of the holding.

The various elements of the holding will be monitored and appraised so that I can continually improve the management techniques that will shape the ecology and landscape around me. In so doing I will be seeking to retain a holistic overview of the project that includes consideration of the productivity of the area/ aspect in relation to the labour and resource inputs required to maintain it – including the incidental benefits/ challenges arising from the enterprise and its respective role in the context of my lifestyle/ the holding/ the ecology etc.

The intention is to create a fully operational, exemplar one-planet-development, with all the necessary infrastructure in place to support myself living a land-based lifestyle. I do not see this as a fixed goal but rather as an exploratory journey of the human relationship to the land base.

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5. Business and Improvement Plan: Land based activity

Objectives - Food

I intend to produce a healthy proportion of my own food on the holding, simply because I believe in the health properties of fresh produce grown with love.

Components - Food

Currently I purchase all my food locally. I expect to be self-sufficient in most of my fruit and vegetables by year 5 and completely self- reliant for my meat and egg requirements.

Specifically I expect to produce for home consumption per year:

• 3 geese (estimated at a value of £70 each) • • 20 (organic) chickens (estimated at a value of £5 each) • • 312 (organic) eggs (estimated at a value of £1.40 for 6)

• Potatoes, onions, leeks, garlic, parsnips, beans, peppers, courgettes, carrots, beetroot, cabbage, raspberries, strawberries, rhubarb, plums, apples, pears, crab apples, salad leaves and herbs. (estimated at a value of £410)

• 16 jars of jams and preserves from surpluses in the garden (estimated at a value of £40)

• 14 bottles fruit cordials made from soft fruit (estimated at a value of £56)

• 30 bottles wine made from grapes grown in greenhouse (estimated at a value of £150)

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• Current and Projected Food Spend patterns.

The following table provides a breakdown of my current food consumption patterns and projects these five years into the future.

Table 1 – household food productivity Household spend Current (2017) Year 5 projection Spend £ Home Spend £ Home produced £ produced £ Meat and meat 210 0 0 210 products Poultry Meat and poultry meat 173 0 0 173 products Fish 60 0 60 0 Fruit and vegetables 492 0 82 410 Oils and fats 80 0 80 0 Dairy 222 0 222 0 Grain mill products 121 0 121 0 Bread, biscuits and 110 0 110 0 cakes Cocoa and 52 0 52 0 confectionary Other (inc 95 0 35 60 preserves) Non alcoholic 206 0 72 134 beverages Alcoholic beverages 180 0 30 150 Eating Out 120 0 120 0 Totals 2121 0 984 1137 Total food 2121 2121 consumed

In 5 years time I expect to derive 55% of my food directly from the land.

Land Based Activity Criteria – Food

Essential criteria The essential criteria are that: a) The minimum food needs of all households are met from produce grown and /or reared on the site or purchased using income derived from other products grown and reared on the site. o My minimum food needs (65% of my household food spend £2121 = £1379) will be met from a combination of produce from the site- geese, eggs and poultry meat, fruit and veg, Page 21 of 76

preserves, cordials and wine (with a total value of £1137) with the remainder (£242) being purchased using income from my land-based enterprises1.

Land Based Activity Monitoring – Food

Monitoring: Essential criteria The targets and indicators for monitoring the essential criteria are:

Target: That the minimum food needs (at least 65%) of all occupants are met from produce grown and reared on the site or purchased using income derived from other products grown and reared on the site. Indicators: Annual reporting of food production consumed by household. Annual reporting of spend on other food.

Method: The annual monitoring report will provide an updated table 1, detailing the food I produce from the land and the food I purchase.

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1 See table 2 Page 22 of 76

Objectives - Income

I am planning to start a range of land-based micro-businesses which would provide for my minimum income requirements.

Components - Income

As defined by the One Planet Development Policy (Practice Guidance point 3.27), my minimum income needs are:

Table 2 - Minimum Income Requirements: Please note that for reasons of simplicity inflation has not been factored into the accounting figures – both in terms of household need as well as business income/ evaluating land-based produce.

2017 2022 Household needs Notes Current £ Projected £

This change is in anticipation of no longer Telephone/ internet/ operating a land-line, Telecoms 610 390 communications instead operating solely from a mobile phone/ laptop. Clothing Clothes/ footwear 185 185 This will decrease as I grow 65% Food bought in Food spend 1379 increasing amounts of my 242 (£2121 total) own food. Compost 20, lime 8, gardening equipment 12, Cost of growing/ seeds 26, raising geese 40, 0 216 producing own food slaughter 22, poultry 36, sugars and other preserve ingredients 32, misc 20 Purchase and maintenance of Purchase 350, Travel spend 740 maintenance/ services 190, 740 vehicles/ other travel train 200 costs Vehicle fuel costs Fuel 780, insurance 200, tax 1120 1120 (including insurance) 140 Moving from a cottage in St Nicholas to a band A Tax Council tax costs 1200 540 dwelling with single occupancy MINIMUM INCOME REQUIREMENT 5234 3433 (£/annum)

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Business Plan: –

Meidum Geese on fresco c.2355Bc

There is archaeological evidence for the domestication of geese more than 4000 years ago as depicted in Egyptian frescoes showing cranes, ducks and geese and recording their fattening and slaughter. The emphasis on geese is not surprising as the sacred animals of Amun were the ram and goose, kept at temples throughout Egypt.

Exhibition Brecon Buff Geese

In domestic waterfowl, the Brecon is one of the few breeds of geese originating in the UK. It was however, the first UK goose breed to be standardised. Rhys Llewelyn of Swansea noticed buff- coloured geese on hill farms in the Brecon Beacons and used this stock to develop his buff geese which were recognised as a breed in 1934. The Brecon was developed as a hardy, medium-weight goose which was able to look after itself on the farm – as long as it was protected from foxes. Intended as a table bird, a plump, round-breasted type was favoured. Buff birds are still popular on farms and smallholdings in Wales today because they grow so well on free range grazing. They are also easier to dress for the table than white or grey geese.

Exhibition Brecons are beautiful birds with pink bills and pink feet to match. They have deep brown eyes and their buff body feathers are each edged with a lighter shade. In size, the weights range from 16-201bs in the gander and 14-18lbs in the goose. Pure Brecons are classed as a rare breed in the UK and hand-reared they can be very tame, the goose being an excellent sitter and mother.

I plan to have 8 breeding geese and 2 ganders who will have free-range grazing on 1.4 acres thus maintaining a healthy sward. Breeding geese will generally each have between 3 to 4 goslings, so based on 3.5 per goose, I will be producing 28 goslings per year. Geese can breed until they’re 10 years old whilst ganders will generally be culled at 6 years old. In any year, 3 goslings will be raised for my own consumption, leaving 25 for market. They will be sold at 9 months, primarily in Page 24 of 76

December for the Christmas/New Year market. They will be housed in the barn every night for safe- keeping against predators.

I expect the costs to be approximately:

Rolled barley feed = £180 Slaughter - £20 per goose x 28 = £560

The geese would expect to sell for £70 prepped for the oven x 25 = £1750

Turnover: £1750 Expenses: £740 Income: £1010

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Lavender

Carningli Sylvan August 2016

The botanical name is Lavandula which comes from ‘Lavandus”, to be washed or lavare ‘to wash’. The Romans used it to perfume and disinfect their baths and probably brought it to the UK.

Lavender has no known insect pests but too much moisture causes root rot and will kill the plants. Hence my plants will be grown on ridges. Plants in a favoured location can live for 20-25 years but some commercial farms replace shrubs after 5 years for best oil production. Flowers bloom in June, July or August. The leaves, stems, buds and flowers of lavender all contain essential oils and all are valuable for different purposes.

I will create a Lavender growing area close to the proposed dwellinghouse. The area will be approximately 290sqm, giving me approximately 200sqm (14m x 14m) of growing area. The rows, aligned perpendicular to the contour of the land to increase drainage, will enable me to grow approximately 800 plants. Each plant can easily provide 3 – 4 cuttings a year without any significant impact in flower and leaf production. I will grow a variety primarily chosen for its hardiness:

Lavandula Angustifolia is a popular and hardy species, 1.5 – 2’ tall. Because of its sweet aroma and taste, it is the best species for cooking. I will continue to experiment with different strains but so far my trial cultivation has shown that the “Hidcote” has thrived best on this site.

As already tried and tested, the lavender will be planted on ridges with an initial heavy mulch of wood chippings. In the medium term I will use woven polypropylene matting as a weed suppressant. In later years I will mulch with the willow tips left over from the SRC willow.

I expect to be able to take cuttings from year three onwards and expect to be selling potted cuttings in year 5.

Whilst I am keen to explore lavender based crafts, the mainstay of my enterprise will be the production of lavender plants for sale.

These will be produced by taking cuttings from my plant stock and using a rooting tea made from willow bark, with local compost and compostable pots.

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Trial Cultivation of Lavander at Carningli Sylvan – photo taken August 2016

I can purchase 9cm compostable pots for 20 pence each (Eco-planet uk) and I can purchase local organic compost for 25 pence/ litre, which equates to 9 pence a pot. (Martins tlc)

I will sell my cuttings for £2.40 a pot (plus postage and packing) , which is less than any online supplier. I will sell my plants online, through local shops, markets and garden centres (including Ty Rhos, Newport Market, Bwd y Byd, Narberth Plant sale, Wisebuys,)

I am aiming to produce 700 pots a year, and will sell the cuttings at 2 – 3 years old. Thus I will require 17.5 sqm of table space for the plants. The greenhouse has been designed for this purpose.

I expect to sell 600 pots a year (assuming that 100 pots either don’t sell or fail to take – in which case the compost and pots will be recycled/ re-used).

Turnover; 600 pots @ £2.40 = £1440 Direct costs - £63 compost, £120 pots, paypal fees (2.4% plus 20p per purchase – approx £95) – totalling £278

This enterprise will bring in an estimated £1162 a year. Market research has revealed other farms in Wales successfully specialise in Lavender – including two growing Lavender at around 300 meters above sea level2 – though none in the Dyfed region.

2 http://www.welshlavender.com/ and http://wyelavender.com/

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Lavender Crafts

Lavender Oil

The sweet pungent oil of lavender is found in every part of the plant, but it is mostly the essential oil in the flower that is distilled for use in perfumes, potpourris, sachets, soaps and bath oils. Although it is impractical for me as a small-scale grower to distill my own essential oil, I will nonetheless make a simple lavender oil with a high-quality almond or olive oil:-

~ Fill a covered jar loosely with lavender stems including leaves and flowers, lightly bruised between the fingers. ~ Pour in oil to the top and let it steep for a month, shaking jar every day. ~ Strain through cheesecloth and using a funnel, decant into a bottle or covered jar. ~ Add new stems of dried lavender for decoration.

Lavender oil produced in this way makes a lovely massage oil with soothing and relaxing properties. Lavender is an ancient analgesic and some still use it for insect bites, mild burns and skin irritation, rubbing it on the skin to relieve itching and reduce swelling.

I expect to sell approximately 50 x 30ml jars of this a year, retailing at £3.95 and bringing in an income of £125 after costs of £72.50.

Lavender body tea

A product called ‘body tea’ consists of lavender plus other herbs packed in a small bag (made with cheesecloth or other loosely woven fabric) and dangled into a hot bath. Several bags could be packaged to make a gift presented in decorative netting and tied with ribbon. I would expect to sell approximately 20 such packs in a year, retailing at £4.95, bringing in an income of £84 after costs (£15 packaging).

Lavender recipe packs

The flavour of lavender is intense and small amounts of lavender buds can be used to flavour sorbets, sugars, teas, jellies, vinegars, stews and baked goods. Some lavenders veer towards being camphorous but the Angustifolias are sweet in both aroma and taste. Recipes will be sold with the required amount of lavender packaged in bag. For example:

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Lemon Loaf Lavandula Cake

1/3 cup butter 1 cup sugar 2 eggs 1 tbs grated lemon rind 1 tsp dried lavender buds (off the stem, no leaves) 2 cups sifted flour 1 tbs baking powder ½ tsp salt 1 cup milk

I would expect to sell approximately 30 such packs in a year, retailing at £2.95, turning over £88.50, bringing in an income of £72 after £16.50 costs (packaging and printing).

Dried bundles of lavender

These would be a fragrant decoration for the house, and will be woven into themed shapes depending on the season (valentine hearts, Christmas balls, wands, cones, etc). They will be sold at £4 a bundle. I will expect to bring in an income of approximately £280 a year with this.

Lavender Wreaths/ Garlands

In addition I will weave lavender garlands/ wreaths (using my own willow as a base hoop). To a degree these will be a marketing tool, though I do expect to sell a number of them at my market stalls. They will come in three sizes – small (300mm diameter), medium (400mm diameter) large (500mm diameter), selling for £15, £25 and £40 respectively. I expect to sell 6 wreaths of each size in a year, bringing in an additional £480.

Lavender Crafts

Table 3: Turnover Costs Income Lavender Oil 197.50 72.50 125 Body Tea 99 15 84 Recipe Packs 88.50 16.50 72 Dried Lavender 280 0 280 bunches Wreaths 480 0 480 1145 104 1041

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Eggs

In keeping with the Lavender blue theme, I will keep Cream Legbar chickens for egg (and meat) production.

The Legbar is a rare British autosexing chicken breed which allows male and female day old chicks to be easily sexed by their colour. It was created in the early C20 by cross-breeding Barred Plymoth Rock , Leghorns, Cambars and (in the case of Cream Legbars) also Araucanas. The Araucana blood in the Cream Legbar is reflected in its crest and blue to blue/green eggs. A hen will lay 180-200 eggs in a year.

I will keep 25 hens and a cockerel, and expect to produce a conservative 4500 eggs a year, of which 312 will be for my own consumption. The remaining 4188 eggs (698 boxes) I will sell wholesale at £0.80 for 6 with a turnover of an estimated £558 a year.

I already have a wholesale buyer as my neighbours at Beeview Farm will buy all my eggs and sell them under the umbrella of their already established and successful business. I therefore would not bear any costs regarding packaging, labelling and marketing.

I expect feed (50kg/ month) to cost £150 a year. Therefore my income from chicken eggs will be £408.00

I will also raise approximately 20 chickens for my own consumption and replacement stock.

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Willow

I intend to grow willow for weaving. This will be used to weave practical objects, such as baskets, to making sculptures. The latter will range from standardised tourist products eg. dragons to original and bespoke sculptures for which I will take commissions when fully established. I will also sell willow rods in bundles of 10 (£7.50) or 20 cuttings(£13.50). I would estimate to sell 20 of each, therefore £150 + £270 = £420.

Small/Medium/Large Baskets (or similar) will sell for £10, £20 and £30 respectively. Per year I plan to make and sell 30 small = £300; 20 medium = £400 and 10 large = £300

The Sculptures will range from small dragons at £6.50 to large life-scale human and animal figures at £300 each. Per year I plan to make 30 small sculptures = £195 and 4 large scale = £1200.

Income:

Willow Rods in bundles = £420 Baskets or similar = £1000 Sculptures = £1395

Total = £2815

NB. The willow cultivation has commenced by the planting of 200 x Salix alba “Flanders Red” Cuttings.

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Primroses

Primrose flowers (primula polyantha) bloom in early Spring, offering a variety of colours. These perennials prefer damp, woodland-like conditions and are hardy and adaptable.

I intend to plant primroses in a variety of colours in the lightly shaded and wooded area in the top south-west field where one of the streams runs through, making it the perfect conditions.

The flowers can be used to make wine with (which I will do for my own consumption) and to crystallise for cake decoration which I will sell on my market stalls. They will be displayed in my woven small baskets. The first primroses flower in early Spring time so I would capture the Easter market.

They will be marketed as Hand Crystallised Edible Flowers which are totally natural, grown in the local area and have no added colourings and flavourings. Recent research on the internet indicates that the following prices would be very conservative:

Small gift box of 5 flowers @ £6 per box Box of 12 flowers @ £12.00 Box of 20 flowers @ £16.00

I would estimate to sell 30 small (£180), 10 medium £120), 5 large (£80)

Turnover : £380 Packaging Costs: £45 Income: £335

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Tours

Each summer I will offer 4 guided tours of my smallholding, charging £5 a head. This price will include tea and lavender cake. I anticipate up to 12 people each time. I will also offer consultations in natural building/ one planet living for individuals and groups. These will be advertised on my website, locally and on my market stall. Having researched similar activities locally – Lammas3 (Glandwr) offer similar guided tours through the summer (though for much larger numbers of people) and a local lady, Vicky Moller, used to run eco-tours in the area which were very successful. Rachel Shiamh offers tours (and advice/ guidance) from her straw-bale house in St Dogmaels (Cardigan)4. It seems there is a good market for these kind of events.

I expect to bring in an additional £200 a year with this. I do not expect to begin these until my holding is fully established.

Marketing (Indirect) Costs

I estimate additional costs of £110 a year for the website, £300 market stall5 hire, £57 market stall insurance and £70 advertising costs. The Newport Market does not currently stock willow or lavender crafts/sculptures or primrose products.

3 http://lammas.org.uk/ecovillage/visiting/ 4 http://quietearth.org.uk/courses.htm 5 £15/ stall hire for 20 weeks of the year - http://www.newport-pembs.co.uk/index.php/street-market Page 33 of 76

Overview

Table 4: Year 5 turnover, expenditure and income Turnover expenditure Income Geese 1750 740 1010 Lavender 1440 278 1162 Plants Lavender 1145 104 1041 Crafts Eggs 558 150 408 Willow Rods 420 420 Willow Crafts 2395 2395 Primroses 380 45 335 Tours 200 200 Sub-Total 8297 1380 7016 Indirect Costs -537 Total 6434

The following table gives an overview of how I expect the enterprises to develop over time:

Table 5: Land-based enterprises over time Income Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Geese 0 0 1010 1010 1010 Lavender 0 0 0 600 1162 Plants Lavender 0 0 100 340 1041 Crafts Eggs 0 408 408 408 408 Willow Rods 0 0 0 0 420 Willow Crafts 0 0 0 0 2395 Primroses 0 335 335 335 335 Tours 0 0 0 0 200 Indirect Costs 0 0 -110 -537 -537 Total 0 743 1743 2156 6434

I will concentrate on building the barn, track and house in the first few years, then concentrate on building up the income streams once the core infrastructure is in place. None of the land-based businesses are dependent on any borrowing – all of them can be established using savings.

CASHFLOW FORECAST - See appendices for Cashflow forecast projections.

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Land Based Activity Criteria – Income

Essential criteria The essential criteria are that: a) The basic domestic needs of all households are met from income derived from produce grown and reared on the site, including processing and adding value, and other income streams derived from the productive and regenerative capacity of the site, such as from training and education courses, or consultancy directly linked to land based activities on the site. These latter activities should be clearly subsidiary to the primary activity of growing and rearing produce. o The household minimum income requirement is defined in table 2. The business plans describe how I will meet this income requirement from a range of land-based enterprises, and how other land-based income streams (tours) will feed into this arrangement.

Contributory criteria The contributory criteria are that: b) The land based enterprise provides food and other products to local markets, reducing local footprints. o I will supply local markets with food (geese and eggs), willow rods, lavender plants and crafts

c) Facilities for processing produce are made available to other local producers. o There are no plans to build processing facilities as part of the proposal

d) Training / courses / consultancy are offered as components of the land based enterprise to share best practice of One Planet Development. o Guided tours will be offered so that I can share the project with others.

Land Based Activity Monitoring – Income

Monitoring: Essential criteria The targets and indicators for monitoring the essential criteria are: o Target: That the minimum income needs of all occupants are met from income derived from land use activities on the site. Indicator: Annual household income and costs reporting.

Method: The annual monitoring report will contain an updated table 2 which defines my minimum income needs. It will also contain basic accounts for my land-based enterprises along with an updated table 5 that summarises how I am meeting my minimum income requirement from land-based activity.

o Target: That income derived from other land based enterprises such as training and education courses, or consultancy remain subsidiary to the primary activity of growing and rearing produce. Indicator: Annual reporting on the total value of produce grown and reared on the site compared with income derived from other land based enterprises.

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Method: An updated table 5 included in the annual monitoring report will detail the respective land-based income streams demonstrating that my ‘other’ land-based income streams remain subsidiary to the primary activity of growing and rearing produce.

Monitoring: Contributory criteria The targets and indicators for monitoring the contributory criteria are: o Target: That the land based enterprise provides food and other products to local markets, reducing other local footprints. Indicator: Annual reporting of sale volumes and market areas by each on-site enterprise.

Method: The annual monitoring report will contain basic land-based business accounts (detailing sales volumes and market areas) that demonstrate that I am providing food and craft to local markets.

o Target: That facilities for processing produce are made available to other local producers Indicator: Annual reporting on use of processing facilities by others.

Method: The annual monitoring report will include any details of processing facilities.

o Target: That training / courses / consultancy, as components of the land based enterprise, share best practice in sustainable land based activities with the wider community. Indicator: Annual reporting on training and consultancy activities.

Method: My annual monitoring report will include details of any land-based enterprises that involve training/ courses/ consultancy.

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Objectives - Occupants

The CarnIngli Sylvan holding has been designed by me for me. The inputs required to run the holding are based on what I can manage, and the outputs from the holding have been designed to support my needs. My objective is to maintain this balance between inputs and outputs such that I can continue to support myself from the land. I will be able to fund the development from savings.

Components - Occupants

During the 5 year set-up period I will be largely engaged in construction and infrastructure. Once established I estimate the labour pattern to be along the lines of:

Table 6: Land-based labour: Description Hours/ year House maintenance/ development 40 Other buildings maintenance/ development 20 Land Management 112 Horticulture 416 Preserving/ Processing 154 Biomass (SRC) 120 Geese 50 Lavender Plants 104 Lavender crafts 220 Poultry/ Eggs 230 Willow rods/crafts 445 Primroses 50 Marketing 224 Tours 10 Website Management and land based admin 104 Total 2299

Land Based Activity Criteria – Occupants

Essential criteria The essential criteria are that: a) The number of occupants is directly related to the ability of the site to support their minimum food and income needs and the number of people needed to run the site effectively. o As one independent adult I fully expect to be able to meet my food and income needs without additional labour inputs.

Land Based Activity Monitoring – Occupants

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Monitoring: Essential criteria The targets and indicators for monitoring the essential criteria are:

o Target: That the number of occupants is directly related to the ability of the site to support their minimum food and income needs and the number of people needed to run the site effectively. Indicator: Annual reporting on number of occupants by household and their roles on site.

Method: The annual monitoring report will detail the number of people living at Carningli Sylvan and their respective roles within the holding.

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6. Land Management

Objectives

The intention is to design and manage the holding such that it is able to provide environmental benefit, support a low-impact lifestyle, creating a land-based livelihood whilst simultaneously retaining the features that integrate it with the existing landscape quality. The scheme takes a holistic view of sustainability and seeks to enable one-planet lifestyle patterns to emerge from a broad self-reliant infrastructure base. Specifically the project requires an appropriate dwellinghouse to be constructed on the holding, as well as a barn structure for the geese, a greenhouse for the lavender cuttings, and other land-use changes such that the occupant can meet shelter, water, power, livelihood, food and fuel needs from the land-base.

Small scale farming does not attempt to compete with intensive farming methods – aside from economies of scale the farming subsidy system (most notably the single farm payment) makes such attempts futile. Rather it exploits niches that mechanised production systems are not able to fulfil. In this case the niches primarily revolve around the diligent management of a small gaggle of rare- breed geese and crops of willow and lavender plants to produce a range of high quality produce and crafts that will be sold locally, plus rare-breed eggs.

Components

Biodiversity

Following on from the findings and recommendations from the Ecology report, the following actions have been adopted:

Stone Walls, hedges and mature trees

The stone walls have been particularly noted for their ecological value – providing cavities and habitats for a wide range of creatures. All the existing stone walls on site will be retained and either grazed or kept clear of vegetation. All hedges and mature trees on site will be retained.

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Open Nature of the Site

I will retain the open nature of the site through the use of geese ensuring that the level of grazing is appropriate to maintain an open sward.

Coppice and Orchard:

An essential part of the holistic approach is the ability to produce heating fuel for the dwellinghouse. Whilst a proportion of this can be derived from solar harvesting, there is no substitute for biomass in terms of being able to provide for heat-on-demand. Short rotation coppice willow is the most efficient biomass option in terms of return per acre. It is documented as giving between 3 and 5 dry- oven-tonnes per acre per year. The intention is to retain the open nature of the site and so much consideration has gone into siting the biomass plantation. It seems most pragmatic at this point to concentrate the bulk of the biomass production area to the extreme north and south of the site, thus enabling the open nature of the remaining fields to be retained. The short rotation coppice will be interplanted with (standard) native species – partly so that from a distance the vegetation cover will blend with the deciduous woodland cover already present, and partly to increase biodiversity.

An orchard will be planted in the north-eastern corner of the site. The location of the orchard has been chosen to give the fruit trees the best chances of success. It is the lowest and one of the most sheltered parts of the site. Some trees have already been planted as trial crops to test the location for viability and inform future decisions on appropriate varieties.

Both coppice areas and orchards would have once been common in the area and will be established on the site to provide fruit and fuel.

Trees and shelter:

The proposal includes two new clumps of deciduous trees (using local native seed) and an area of natural regeneration in an area where the potential tendency for this is strong (and indeed has already begun).

Other Measures:

• I will ensure no non-native invasive species are introduced. • I have incorporated a bat-friendly cavity in the roof of the dwellinghouse (the void created by the reclaimed pallets).

Cultural Heritage

The Cultural heritage section in the baseline chapter charts the research I have done on the stone ruin on the site – I believe it to have once been a cottage.

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The Ecology report (included in the appendices) values the stone walls and mature trees that exist on the site of the stone ruin to be of ecological importance, and recommends a grazing regime to keep the walls free of vegetation. The intention is to conserve the ruin in its current condition.

Landscape

Siting the dwellinghouse: Having considered siting the dwellinghouse in the top south western field, it now seems that it would be better sited in the top corner of the north eastern field where it has easier access from the road but is well sheltered and its visual impact is still minimal. The dwellinghouse would be bordered on two sides by stone walls, banks and trees which would be sufficient to screen the dwellinghouse from the local vantage points. Additionally the ground floor of the house is sunken into the landscape which, along with new banks and planting, will further screen the development. Please refer to the Visual Impact Assessment (included in the appendices) for a further exploration of visual impact.

Siting the Greenhouse: The greenhouse is for the propogation of lavender cuttings and has been sited next to the lavender plot in the north eastern field.

Siting the Barn: The barn provides food storage and shelter for the geese. It has been located in the south east corner of the middle field with easy access for rounding up the geese at night time. In this location it can serve as shelter whilst remaining tucked into the natural landscape.

Access: In order to allow for a more intensive management system to be implemented and in order to access the dwellinghouse a new track has been designed traversing the lowest northern field, through an existing gateway into a small parking area in the north eastern field. The track will be constructed by laying green plastic GR14 grass reinforcement mesh which protects the grass and enables it to grow through the mesh very quickly, rendering it invisible from any distance. This has already been tried and tested on the site and has proved very successful.

Siting the intensive growing area: The intensive growing area includes vegetable beds (as a source of food) and lavender beds (as a source of livelihood). For pragmatic management these are best located as close to the dwellinghouse as possible, and are best bundled together. Hence the layout design includes the creation of a raised beds growing area directly north of the dwellinghouse. The close proximity will allow for ease of harvesting, monitoring, and management with associated tools being stored in the shed attached to the dwellinghouse structure.

Hens: Eggs form subsidiary income streams for the project and form an extension of the project’s identity. For pragmatic reasons these are again best located as close to the dwellinghouse as possible. There are lightweight mobile structures associated with the hen house, and this has also informed their location on site; tucked up against the woodland belt and stone wall that runs adjacent to the

Page 41 of 76 project. The chicken area will be interspersed with willow planting which offers protection and a natural habitat for their well-being.

Lighting: There will be no external lighting provision within the project. It is very unlikely, given the low- wattage nature of the internal house lighting (along with curtains for warmth), that any light will be visible from the outside of the house. I will use a portable, rechargeable tilley lamp for any night-time activities outside.

Production

The design of the site is such that it aims to strike a careful balance between environmental benefit and productivity.

The proposed land-use patterns will result in the following land areas: Table 7: land use patterns Category Area (Ha) Area (Acres) Grazing 0.7568 1.87 Biomass (SRC) 0.5382 1.33 Dwelling + Curtilage + Track + Parking area 0.2428 0.6 Natural Regeneration 0.1480 0.37 Horticulture + Poultry 0.3683 0.91 Orchard 0.0690 0.17 New Plant Woodland 0.1027 0.25 Total 2.2258 5.50

Land Management Criteria

Essential criteria The essential criteria are that: a) All existing semi-natural and other important habitats on the site are conserved and enhanced through appropriate traditional management. o I have identified all semi natural and important habitats on the site (the most notable being the stone walls, hedges and mature trees) and have an active management approach that conserves and enhances them.

b) All cultural heritage features (e.g archaeology) on the site are conserved and enhanced through appropriate management. o The stone ruin will be conserved in its current condition.

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c) The landscape of the site is enhanced by the addition and traditional management of characteristic or once characteristic local landscape features that, amongst other things, may be used to screen and filter views to built elements of the proposals and to provide shelter and screening to horticultural areas. o I will enhance the landscape character through the planting of areas of deciduous woodland which will further enhance domestic and horticultural micro-climates.

d) Buildings and other structures and access tracks are located where they can be recessed into the landscape and do not stand out in views from public vantage points. o The dwellinghouse has been sited into the landscape such that it is not visible in the wider landscape. The other structures associated with the development (greenhouse and barn) have been similarly located.

Contributory criteria The contributory criteria are that: e) Existing semi-natural habitats are extended or once characteristic habitats are recreated, ideally creating wildlife corridors across the site, linking to other habitats beyond the site. o The SRC coppice area and the Orchard area will re-create semi-natural habitats. The woodland cover, characteristic of the neighbouring valley, will be extended through new-plant woodland and wild regeneration.

f) Populations of once characteristic farmland birds of the local area are increased through appropriate habitat creation. o A wide variety of habitat will be created across the holding including short-rotation- coppice, orchard, and wild regeneration. This approach will lead to an increase in both numbers and diversity of birdlife. From the Ecology Report:

The proposed change of use of this land due to low impact development is likely to have a positive influence on some species. In particular, birds such as the red-listed lesser redpoll and linnet feed in open ground such as the Carn Ingli Common, but need scrub especially gorse in which to nest. Management of the common by regular burning prevents the vegetation reaching a stage suitable for nesting so the retention of the mature trees and patches of gorse nearby provides perfect nesting habitat adjacent to good foraging, thus enhancing the SSSI. As mentioned above, the habitat change on site will result in the creation of a ffridd-like vegetation structure which is almost certainly the most desirable result in conservation terms.

g) Soil organic matter is increased. o The land management practices will naturally lead to an increase in soil health and organic matter. Many of my approaches revolve around the practice of building organic matter (for example using mulches to suppress weeds and feed the soil in the garden)

h) Populations of pollinating insects are increased. o The land management practices will naturally lead to an increase in insect numbers and diversity through habitat creation.

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Land Management Monitoring

Monitoring: Essential criteria The targets and indicators for monitoring the essential criteria are: o Target: That all existing semi-natural habitats are in favourable condition. Indicators: Spread of characteristic species of that habitat against an established baseline. Decline in non-characteristic / commercial agricultural species within each habitat (seek advice of Wildlife Trust).

Method: The annual monitoring report will include a description of the health of the stone walls, hedges and mature trees across the holding which highlights any increase or decline in key species as identified in the Ecology Survey

o Target: That all identified cultural heritage features are maintained in good condition. Indicators: No cultivation or soil erosion over buried archaeological sites and historic earthworks. Scrub and trees removed over buried archaeological sites and historic earthworks. Above ground historic/ cultural features stabilised and scrub / trees removed.

Method: The annual monitoring report will report on the management of the stone ruin.

o Target: That there is an increase in the number and /or area or length of traditional characteristic landscape features and all are under appropriate traditional management. Indicators: Increase in the number / area / length of x landscape feature. Increase in the number / area / length of y landscape feature.

Method: The annual monitoring report will report on the management of the land areas and will quantify the areas of new woodland planted.

Monitoring: Contributory criteria The targets and indicators for monitoring the contributory criteria are: o Target: That (named) semi-natural habitat(s) are extended / created. Indicators: Area of new habitat. Spread of characteristic species of that habitat.

Method: The annual monitoring report will report on the creation and establishment of the Orchard and Short Rotation Coppice areas.

o Target: That there is an increase in the population of farmland birds on the site. Indicator: Number of breeding farmland birds on the site against an established baseline

Method: No baseline for the number of breeding farmland birds has been set. Should the opportunity arise for such a survey to be commissioned this will be recorded in the annual monitoring report.

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7. Energy and Water

Objectives

With the exception of road vehicle fuel, some petrol for the strimmer, and a small amount of bottled gas to supplement cooking in the summer, I will supply all my own domestic energy needs from renewable sources on site.

I plan to meet my domestic water needs through rainwater harvesting.

Components

• Domestic electricity Generation:

It is estimated that in coastal areas in Pembrokeshire there is between 1.5 hours sunshine per day in December and 6.5 hours sunshine per day in June. On balance there are 1455 sunshine hours annually and approximately 4.0 sunlight hours for each day. I expect my average electricity usage (across the year) to be approximately 1kWh per day. This would run lights, fire alarms, a fridge, mobile phone charger, laptop, occasional stereo/ food-mixer and the water pump/ UV system. In order to meet these needs I will install 1750W of solar panels. 7 x 250W panels measuring 1665mm x 990mm will be used to generate the electricity required. The panels, facing due south, will be set at an angle of 45 degrees in order to maximise electrical production in the winter months.

This system would be connected (via a solar controller) to a large battery reserve (12v x 550Ahr) which would balance out the production/ demand cycles within the system, and in turn through a 2000W inverter to convert the electricity to 240v.

The system will be entirely independent of the national grid.

• Domestic Heating:

The dwellinghouse has been designed such that a super-insulated core is buffered with a semi- insulated buffer space on three sides. The greenhouse area of the house provides insulation to the south-east, whilst the southern and eastern walls are used as covered shed and woodstore areas.

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GROUND FLOOR PLAN

Insulation:

The warm zone is insulated with 450mm straw bales (walls and ceiling) and 125mm (reclaimed) polyurethane sheeting (floor). IN addition to passive solar and incidental heat gains there are two heat sources in the house – a multi-purpose range in the kitchen and a woodburner in the living area.

Solar Gain Mechanism:

Sunlight energy enters the greenhouse area where it is heated and rises. If the house would benefit from heating the greenhouse windows are opened and warm air enters the house. Cool air, displaced by the pre-heated air, sinks within the house. Windows and door at ground floor are opened to allow the cooler air to enter the greenhouse for solar heating. The degree to which this mechanism is allowed to operate can be controlled by varying the apertures of the respective openings.

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Thermal Mass:

In the warm zone a thermally massive cob floor (75mm) and internal lime plaster (25mm) provide thermal mass to retain heat. In the buffer zone the masonry/ earth floor itself provides a massive thermal store to retain solar heat.

Airflow:

As with the solar gain mechanism the house design incorporates a very simple cooling/ airflow mechanism. By opening the door/ window in the greenhouse area along with the external window/ door in the living room area air can be funnelled through the building to enable cooling. This would be powered by a natural stack effect and again would be controllable by varying the apertures of the respective openings.

Biomass Production:

I will grow 5500sqm of short rotation coppice (src) willow as a biomass crop which is cut in a 3 year cycle. Conventional yield estimates suggest that the first harvest should yield 25-30odt/ha (oven dried tonnes) and subsequent harvests 32 – 35 odt/ha6. However I will adopt a more organic approach to src than the convention. During the first 3 years I will harvest the crop annually to increase the robustness of the stools, and use a mulch to suppress the grass until the canopy is established. In addition I will plant native ash and oak trees at 15meter intervals in amongst the src partly to increase biodiversity, partly to mitigate the visual impact of a monoculture biomass crop and partly to add wind protection for the crop itself. Thus I am estimating a conservative yield of approximately 20 odt/ha for the first harvest and 25 odt/ha thereafter. The expected harvest rates look thus:

Table 8: Biomass production

Year Harvest Description weight Year 1 0 Planting coppice area, using heavy mulch to inhibit grass Year 2 0.8 odt First cut 0.55 ha, encouraging stool resilience, using heavy mulch to inhibit grass Year 3 2.0 odt Second cut 0.55ha, encouraging stool resilience, using heavy mulch to inhibit grass Year 4 3.0 odt Last cut of 0.55ha, encouraging stool resilience Year 5 1.1 odt Cut lower third – 0.18ha (1 years growth) Year 6 2.2 odt Cut mid third - 0.18ha (2 years growth) Year 7 3.6 odt Cut upper third – 0.18ha (3 years growth) – first harvest Year 8 3.6 odt Cut lower third 0.18ha (3 years growth) – first harvest

6 ’Farm Management Pocketbook’, 2008, John Nix, Imperial College London, p70 -71 Page 47 of 76

Year 9 3.6 odt Cut mid third 0.18ha (3 years growth) – first harvest Year 4.5 odt Cut upper third 0.18ha (3 years growth) 10 Year 4.5 odt Cut lower third 0.18ha (3 years growth) 11 Year 4.5 odt Cut mid third 0.18ha (3 years growth) 12

The harvested biomass will be stored for 12 - 24 months in order to fully season and dry, and will be stacked against the dwellinghouse southern wall in the covered space.

The dwellinghouse has been designed to be super-insulated and the anticipated heat load is such that it is expected to require approximately an annual load of 7000kWhr, the equivalent to 2 tonnes biomass.

There will be a multipurpose wood fired range which will provide ambient background to compliment the passive solar gain.

Any excess of SRC willow harvest will be used as mulch.

• Domestic Cooking and Water Heating: Autumn through to Spring

Domestic cooking will take place through autumn to spring on an Esse 905 series wood-fired range, which would be lit from morning til evening in order to supply space heating and hot water.

The additional heat loads for these activities should be minimal given that the range is designed to maintain an ambient heat sufficient to cook on, and the hot water system will be simply a 117 litre (indirect) insulated tank on a vented system.

• Domestic Cooking and Water Heating: Summer

During the warm summer months there will be no requirement for space heating in the house.

Water heating will occur when surplus electrical generation from the photovoltaic panels will be dumped into the hot water tank.

Cooking will take place either on an outside fire or with a small LPG gas cooker.

• Domestic Water Use:

The average water consumption for a British citizen is 150 litres of water per person per day. (DEFRA 2011). I expect my water usage in the new dwelling will be less than 50 litres a day. I am confident of being able to achieve this because; Page 48 of 76

o My toilet will use no water,

o I will not have a dishwasher,

o I will wash my clothes by hand, o I will use a shower rather than a bath.

My domestic usage will be no more than 1500 litres/ month.

UK average annual rainfall 1117mm per year, with north Pembrokeshire averaging at 1005mm per year.7 The lowest rainfall average is in June which realises only 60.6mm/ month.8

The barn roof (30.8m2) will harvest rainwater (with a low average of 1866 litres per month) which will be stored in a 3000 litre water storage tank9, which will in turn connect to the house plumbing. This will all be gravity fed.

The greenhouse area in the dwellinghouse provides approximately 10.5 m2 of growing space (excluding paths). I estimate that this will require up to 34 litres of water per day (1020 litres/ month) in high summer. This will be directly connected to the greenhouse roof (14.2m2).

The remaining catchment from the dwellinghouse roof (109m2) feeds a wildlife pond in the vegetable garden (the overflow of which feeds the reed bed)

Under this arrangement the 'clean' rainwater harvest (from the polycarbonate areas of roofing) will be largely reserved for domestic use and the 'muddy' rainwater harvest (from the turf roof areas) will be largely for other uses (horticulture).

Domestic water will be pumped (using a submersible pump10 sited in the water tank itself) through a series of filters11 set in the covered area at the rear of the house, through an 8w Ultra Violet water sterilising unit12 to ensure drinking water standards before being fed into a header tank set in a soundproof cupboard against the wall in the bedroom13.

• Other Water Use:

The dwellinghouse design incorporates a growing area which will also be fed from the rainwater harvesting system.

7 http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/summaries/2013/annual

8 http://www.worldweatheronline.com/FishguardAbergwaun-weather-averages/Pembrokeshire/GB.aspx

9 3000 litre Graf Platin tank (2450mm long x 2100mm wide x 1040mm high. 10 The Diverton 1000 well pump is estimated to use 0.1 – 0.2kWh/day for my levels of water consumption 11 From 20 micron to 5 micron 12 This 8w UV unit will use around 0.2kWh of electricity per day to run 13 Built above an integral fitted wardrobe set against the north wall in the bedroom Page 49 of 76

Water to fields: Each of the fields (except No.1 which has a trough that collects rainwater) has access to one or other of the two streams.

Energy and Water Criteria

Energy Essential criteria The essential criteria are that: a) The energy needs of the site will be minimised through suitable design and use of technology, including that which enables re-use. o The energy needs of the dwellinghouse have been minimised through designing a highly insulated dwelling that maximises on passive solar gain, incorporates well placed thermal mass elements, and uses low energy appliances and light fittings.

b) All of the energy needs of all activities shall be met from sources of renewable energy on site, with the exception of small amounts of non-renewable fuel for particular uses for which they are best suited and justifiable (para 3.60). o I will meet all my energy needs from renewables on the site. I will power domestic cooking predominantly from biomass grown on site. I will meet my domestic heating requirements entirely from timber/ biomass grown on site. I will meet all my domestic electricity needs from the renewable capacity of the holding (photovoltaic array). I do expect to use small amounts of non-renewable fuel for cooking in summer months.

Water Essential criteria The essential criteria are that: a) The water needs of the site will be minimised through suitable design and use of technology, including that which enables re-use. o Water usage patterns will be minimised at Carningli Sylvan primarily by my own behaviour patterns, enabled by an infrastructure design approach that supports responsible water use. An example of this is my compost toilet, which will enable me to transform human solid waste through aerobic processes (rather than the more conventional water-intensive anaerobic methods) resulting in massive water savings. Conventionally toilets use about 30% of the total water used in an average household14.

b) Rainwater harvesting from buildings and structures must be maximised. o The barn roof will harvest all my domestic water. The greenhouse roof will collect rainwater harvest for irrigation in the greenhouse. The dwellinghouse roof will collect water for a wildlife pond.

c) All of the water needs of all activities should be met from water available on site, unless there is a more environmentally sustainable alternative. Abstraction from water bodies (including

14 http://www.waterwise.org.uk/pages/indoors.html

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groundwater sources) must be at levels that do not cause environmental harm. Harm would result from the lowering of surface and ground water levels. o The only abstraction from water bodies will be through livestock drinking from the streams that intersect the site. This is an activity that has been occurring for hundreds of years and will not result in any environmental harm.

Energy Contributory criteria The contributory criteria are that: c) The embodied energy of renewable energy equipment should not outweigh its benefits from energy generation.

o A recent study by researchers from the Netherlands and the USA (Fthenakis, Kim and Alsema, 2008) 15 found that it takes 250kWh of electricity to produce 1m2 of crystalline silicon PV panel. Under typical UK conditions, 1m2 of PV panel will produce around 100kWh electricity per year, so it will take around 2.5 years to "pay back" the energy cost of the panel. PV panels have an expected life of at least 25-30 years 16, so under UK conditions a PV panel will, over its lifespan, produce many times more energy than was required to manufacture the panel.17

d) Human and animal labour should replace the use of non-renewable energy whenever possible and practical. o The holding will be predominantly run on human labour. I will use my landrover for heavy haulage tasks.

Water Contributory criteria The contributory criteria are that: d) Any water pumping should be renewably powered. o There will be a small amount of water pumping for the house, which will be powered by the photovoltaic array.

e) Any ponds / lakes created should maximise habitat creation and should not destroy important existing habitats. o There will be a wildlife pond installed in the vegetable garden.

Energy and Water Monitoring

Monitoring: Essential criteria The targets and indicators for monitoring the essential criteria are: o Target: That all of the energy needs shall be met from sources of renewable energy on site. Indicators: Annual reporting on use of renewable energies generated on site (as percentage of energy needs).

15 http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1021/es071763q

16 http://info.cat.org.uk/questions/pv/life-expectancy-solar-PV-panels

17 http://info.cat.org.uk/questions/pv/what-energy-and-carbon-payback-time-pv-panels-uk

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Annual reporting on use of all non-renewable fuels, recorded in terms of use (what for) and amount (quantity) Annual reporting on quantity of electricity exported to the grid and imported from the grid. (Note: all purchased energy will form part of the EFA making it necessary for energy use to be minimised)

Method: The annual monitoring report will contain a description of my energy usage and production patterns which details sources, methods and quantities. It will include figures for the amount of renewable electricity I generate as well as figures on the amount of electricity I consume both domestically and in my land-based businesses, and data on the amount of biomass I will consume as well as data on my use of non-renewable fuels.

o Target: That all water needs are met from water available on site (unless there is a more sustainable alternative). Indicators: Annual reporting on use of water sources (amount used from each source), including that harvested from site and that abstracted from water bodies (surface and ground water). Annual reporting on ground and surface water levels (reported on monthly basis).

Method: The annual monitoring report will contain a description of my water usage, abstraction and harvesting patterns which details sources, methods and quantities. It will also report on ground and water surface levels.

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8. Waste

Objectives

The shift away from a conventional consumer-based lifestyle towards a low-impact, land-based resilience includes a complete change in attitude towards waste. I prefer to think of waste as a resource flow and from that perspective any discarded resource is not only a missed opportunity – but it also passes on the burden of responsibility to integrate/ resolve/ assimilate whatever I am discarding/ rejecting onto someone/ something else. I aim to minimise all waste.

Components

• Domestic Food Waste:

All domestic food waste will be composted.

• Grey Water and Human Waste:

The waste water from the sink and the shower will be channelled, via a small settlement tank, into a lined grey water filtration area of approximately 20 sqm before being returned to ground. This area will be adjacent to the garden and will be fenced off to ensure that there is no risk of animals drinking the water. Bullrushes and yellow flags will be used in this area as a biomass crop for composting.

A Separett dry composting toilet will be used in the house. This unit collects human solid wastes and part-composts them. It will be vented to the outside to avoid unwanted smalls. It will be emptied into an external composting unit occasionally, which will be sited near the reedbed. The human liquid waste will be channelled into the reedbed.

• Packaging and Paper:

Where possible I avoid buying anything with extra packaging. I reuse plastic tubs and glass jars as much as possible. All paper and card will be burnt or composted. All metal will be recycled.

• Green Waste from Growing food and Timber:

Any food waste will either be fed to the chickens or composted. Any brown waste from the SRC willow will be used as mulch.

• Live Stock Manure:

The chicken litter and any cumulative geese manure from the barn will be composted and used in the garden.

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Waste Criteria

Essential criteria The essential criteria are that: a) All biodegradable waste produced on site is assimilated on site in environmentally sustainable ways. o All my organic waste will be composted on the holding.

b) The only exception to this is occasional off-site disposal of small nonbiodegradable amounts of waste, which cannot be assimilated on site which arise from things used on site wearing out or breaking irreparably. o As a result of living in today’s society I do expect to produce a small amount of nonbiodegradable waste that cannot be recycled - mostly arising from packaging.

c) All waste handling and assimilation on site must comply with Environment Agency guidelines. o I will be careful to manage my organic waste with health and safety in mind and I will comply with all Environment Agency guidelines. Composted human waste will not be used to grow food.

Contributory criteria The contributory criteria are that: d) The re-use of organic waste on site should increase overall site fertility and productivity so long as this is not at the expense of important semi-natural habitats dependent on low soil fertility. o I will use my organic waste to improve soil health and depth in my garden, fruit growing area, orchard, and SRC areas.

Waste Monitoring

Monitoring: Essential criteria The targets and indicators for monitoring the essential criteria are: o Target: That all biodegradable waste produced on site will be assimilated on site in environmentally sustainable ways.

Method: The annual monitoring report will contain a description of my on-site biodegradable waste assimilation processes.

o Target: The only exception to this is occasional off-site disposal of small amounts of non- biodegradable waste items which cannot be assimilated on site that arise from things used on site wearing out or breaking irreparably. Indicators: Annual reporting on quantity of all waste production by types of waste and sources - domestic and other (specified). Annual reporting on quantity of on-site waste assimilation and offsite waste disposal.

Method: The annual monitoring report will also contain a breakdown of the types and quantities of waste I produce.

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o Target: That all waste handling and assimilation on site must comply with Environment Agency guidelines. Indicator: Annual statement of compliance with Environment Agency guidelines.

Method: The annual monitoring report will include an annual statement of compliance with Environment Agency (Natural Resources Wales) guidelines.

Monitoring: Contributory criteria The targets and indicators for monitoring the contributory criteria are: o Target: That the re-use of organic waste on site should increase overall site fertility and productivity, so long as this is not at the expense of important seminatural habitats dependent on low soil fertility. Indicator: Addressed in annual reporting of on-site waste assimilation (see above)

Method: The annual monitoring report will contain a description of my on-site biodegradable waste assimilation processes. Composted organic waste will not be used on the grazing fields.

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9. Zero Carbon Buildings

Objectives

One of my primary objectives when designing the dwellinghouse was to create something that would have minimal environmental impact by using a combination of local, natural materials and recycled materials, put together in such a way that the structure is able to offer very high environmental performance levels.

Components

The barn will be constructed from locally harvested larch, with a coralline panel roof (which is made from plant fibre and bitumen).

The greenhouse will be glazed with 3mm toughened glass set into a wooden frame.

The development includes one single low impact dwellinghouse. Materials have been chosen to minimise the environmental impact of the project both during construction and for the lifetime of the building.

Please refer to the accompanying documents, including a CSH assessment demonstrating ‘zero carbon in construction’ for part 3 (Materials).

An assessment of ‘zero carbon in use’ is more problematic because of the lack of a definition of this from the welsh Government18. What we can say is that all the energy used to run the house will be renewably sourced – see Chapter 7.

Building Regulations

The only structure eligible for building regulations is the dwellinghouse, and this will be the subject of a building regulations application.

Zero Carbon Buildings Criteria

Essential criteria The essential criteria are that: a) Domestic and ancillary buildings will be 'zero carbon' in construction and use as explained in this guidance and using the up to date Welsh definition of zero carbon.

18 See point 3.89 of the Practice Guidance Page 56 of 76

o I have provided evidence as to how the dwellinghouse will be zero carbon in construction and use.

b) Proposals will identify which structures require Building Regulations approval and that this approval is obtained either before or during construction. o Building Regulations approval will be attained prior to occupation of the dwellinghouse.

c) All structures identified for removal in the Exit Strategy are capable of removal with low environmental impact. o The dwellinghouse will be built predominantly from natural materials and as such could easily be dismantled with the natural materials being composted, and the non- biodegradable materials being recycled.

Contributory criteria The contributory criteria are that: d) The construction of buildings should make as much use of recycled materials as possible so long as this does not affect their ability to satisfy the essential criteria. o Recycled materials will include reclaimed celotex (stem wall and floor insulation), reclaimed carpet (underfloor membrane), reclaimed windows, reclaimed pallets and carpet (roof construction), and recycled furniture. These materials have been chosen such that they do not compromise my ability to satisfy the essential criteria.

e) Existing buildings are re-used where this would have an overall lower environmental impact than new buildings, or where they are of particular value in landscape or heritage terms, but provided that they are not unsightly or have a negative impact on the surrounding landscape. o There are no appropriate buildings available for re-use on the site. The stone ruin has environmental value and as such has been identified as a conservation feature and thus is inappropriate to re-use.

Zero Carbon Buildings Monitoring

Monitoring: Essential criteria The targets and indicators for monitoring the essential criteria are: o Target: That domestic and ancillary buildings are zero carbon in construction and use. Indicators: Achievement of zero carbon assessment for all buildings requiring Building Regulations approval in construction as described in this guidance Achievement of zero carbon assessment for all buildings requiring Building Regulations approval in use as described in this guidance

Method: Evidence of my dwellinghouse being ‘zero carbon in construction and use’ has been supplied.

o Target: That structures requiring Building Regulations approval obtain this approval. Indicators: All structures requiring Building Regulations approval are identified in the proposals. This approval is obtained either before or during construction. Page 57 of 76

Method: The dwellinghouse requires Building Regulations approval and will be the subject of a Building Regulations application. The annual monitoring report will provide updates on this.

o Target: That all structures identified for removal in the Exit Strategy are capable of removal with low environmental impact. Indicators: Specification of how each structure identified for removal in the Exit Strategy is capable of removal with low environmental impact.

Method: A specification has been included in the exit strategy section of this management plan.

Monitoring: Contributory criteria The targets and indicators for monitoring the contributory criteria are: o Target: That the construction of structures should make as much use of recycled materials as possible so long as this does not affect their ability to satisfy the essential criteria. Indicator: Detailed summary of use of recycled materials in construction of structures.

Method: A summary of the recycled elements of the dwellinghouse is included in this management plan

o Target: That existing buildings are re-used where this would have an overall lower environmental impact than new buildings, or where they are of particular value in landscape or heritage terms, but provided that they are not unsightly or have a negative impact due to their siting Indicator: Explanatory statement on the re-use of any existing buildings.

Method: An explanatory statement on the re-use of any existing buildings has been provided in this management plan

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10. Community Impact Assessment.

Objectives

Having lived in the Newport and Fishguard areas for five years, I already feel part of the local community. I believe that the Carningli Sylvan project offers environmental, social and economic benefit to the area.

The principles behind the Carningli Sylvan project are in complete support of the Newport Area Environment Group (NAEG)19. This group is a voluntary community based initiative, in Newport, Pembrokeshire. The aims and objectives include:

• Fostering understanding of local, national and global environmental sustainability • Thereby seeking to achieve sustainable environmental improvements locally with the ultimate purpose of creating a carbon neutral area • Facilitating groups to set up initiatives in local food growing, renewable energy etc to address the twin challenges of peak fossil fuel and climate change.

Table 9a: Positive impacts

Aspect Details Embedded into the I already live locally and consider myself as an intrinsic part of the fabric of the local local community. community.

Contributing to a low- Local sales of home grown produce – most specifically willow crafts, carbon land-based lavender goods, eggs and primrose flowers – will contribute to the economy local economy and due to the specialised nature of the goods provided, appear unlikely to compete with existing local producers.

Positive Influence on In addition to facilitating a one planet footprint for myself, there will ecological footprint. be the positive effect of inspiring others to lower their own footprints by moving towards a more sustainable lifestyle and in addition lowering the ecological footprint of those who buy my produce. An inspiring dwelling I will offer 4 guided tours of the plot each year – as well as offering that raises awareness of tailored consultations - providing an opportunity for educating, environmental issues informing and training on natural building and sustainable lifestyles. I have a degree and post grad diploma in architecture and can offer guidance on spatial design.

19 http://www.naeg.org.uk/ Page 59 of 76

Table 9b: Negative impacts:

Aspect Details Creation of an ancillary The development represents another dwelling in a rural location. The dwelling in the open mitigating factors are that there is every reason to believe that my countryside lifestyle can be sustained form the landbase.

Visual impact of a new Measures have been taken to embed the dwelling into the landscape dwelling so that it does not have an adverse visual impact (see visual impact assessment).

Community Impact Criteria

Essential criteria The essential criteria are that: a) There is a thorough assessment of all impacts of the proposals on neighbouring communities. One Planet Development in the open countryside should not impact negatively on neighbouring communities. o An assessment of all impacts of the project is provided above. It demonstrates that the project does not impact negatively on the local community.

b) Any negative impacts are mitigated. o The negative impacts are mitigated by the measures described above.

Contributory criteria The contributory criteria are that: c) OPD children attend local schools and residents support local groups, clubs and events. o I regularly support and attend events at Newport Memorial Hall and Theatr Gwaun in Fishguard. I also get involved in local Arts events eg. Stephen Jenkinson's workshops in the local area for which I help with marketing campaigns. My nieces and nephew attend local schools and I support their events and activities. I intend offering my services as a volunteer in Newport Library as I have the specific training and experience.

d) There are open days, permissive footpaths and other access, as well as the hosting of local events on-site. o I will offer guided tours of the project – see business plans for more detail.

e) Residents shop locally and use other local businesses. o I shop locally and support other local businesses and initiatives. Newport caters for most of my needs eg butchers, health shop, spar, chemist, post office, newsagents, hardware shop. If I have guests staying I would normally do a big shop in the Co-op in Fishguard. I will use local suppliers for building materials and food.

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f) Residents sell food and other produce locally. o I will sell my food and produce locally. See business plans for more detail.

Community Impact Monitoring

Monitoring: Essential criteria The targets and indicators for monitoring the essential criteria are: o Target: That community impacts are thoroughly assessed and there are measures in place to mitigate any negative impacts. Indicators: Annual monitoring of community impacts. Implementation of mitigation measures to address any negative impacts.

Method: My annual monitoring report will contain updated tables (9a and 9b) assessing both positive and negative community impacts, along with any mitigating measures for negative impacts.

Monitoring: Contributory criteria The targets and indicators for monitoring the contributory criteria are: o Target: That all positive community impacts are fostered and recorded. Indicator: All positive community impacts are fostered and recorded.

Method: As outlined above, the annual monitoring report will record positive community impacts. I naturally foster these.

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11. Transport and Travel Assessment Plan.

Objectives

I do not intend to travel very much as I will be largely self-sufficient and very content with my life in Newport.

Components Survey of existing travel options in area:

Footpaths:

Newport has a comprehensive network of footpaths in the area – including the renowned coastal path.

Illustration of footpath network:

Local buses:

Winter – Newport to Cardigan: 3 (return) buses a day

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Summer: Fishguard – Newport – Cardigan: 3 (return) buses a day

Aberystwyth – Cardigan – Newport – Haverfordwest: 15 (return) buses a day

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Trains:

Fishguard is the local train station. Trains from Fishguard. Fishguard Harbour 06:53 08:04* 09:56 13:30** 19:00 20:50 01:50 Clarbeston Road 07:16 08:25 10:17 - 19:21 21:11 02:09 07:28 Whitland 07:41 08:37 10:31 14:02 19:44 21:26 02:22 Carmarthen 07:55 08:49 10:49 14:19 20:00 21:47 02:39 11:04 14:31 22:35 Swansea 08:49 09:45 11:51 15:22 20:47 23:45 03:29 Cardiff Central 09:46 10:48 12:47 16:04 21:50 - 05:02 London Paddington 12:02 13:00 15:08 18:30 - - 07:32

Trains to Fishguard

London - - - 08:45 12:45 15:15 20:15 Paddington Cardiff Central - - 06:42 10:57 15:14 17:22 22:23 Swansea - - 07:50 11:43 16:40 18:37 23:20 Carmarthen 05:50 - 08:45 11:23 17:35 19:30 00:33

Whitland 06:05 - 08:59 11:37 17:50 19:45 01:01 09:07 12:44 Clarbeston Road 06:20 09:22 - 18:05 20:00 01:02 07:58 20:05 Fishguard Harbour 06:44 07:58 09:46 13:25 18:34 20:30 01:29

Private Vehicles:

I do own and run one Landrover20. This is an essential part of my business activities – enabling me to transport livestock, feed and hay. I make every effort to minimise my vehicle use.

There are also occasional visits from friends and family.

In terms of comparative statistics; 21 o In rural English areas the average distance travelled by private car is 8599 miles per person per year22. This does not cover journeys for delivering or moving goods or produce23.

20 'Landrover Defender 90’ 21 These statistics are not available for Wales Page 65 of 76

o The average person living in a rural location makes 1644 trip (822 return journeys) by private vehicle per year. This does not cover work (agricultural) journeys.24

Below is an extract from my 2015 travel diary. Also, worth mentioning, the 'work' days are casual work that I intend giving up once planning permission is in place for the OPD.

. Friday 13th Feb - To Dinas and back (work) 5.4 miles, Landrover . Thurs 19th Feb - To Fishguard and back (shopping) 14 miles, Landrover . Friday 20th Feb - To Dinas and back (work) 5.4 miles, Landrover . Sunday 22 Feb - St.Nicholas, one way (family visit) 13.3 miles, Landrover . Mon 23 Feb - From St Nicholas to Newport 13.3 miles, Landrover . Tues 24 Feb - Lammas and back (Planning meeting) 28 miles, Landrover . Wed 25 Feb - To Dinas and back (work) 5.4 miles, Landrover . Sat 28 Feb - St Nicholas, one way (family visit) 13.3 miles, Landrover . Tues 3rd Mar - St Nicholas to Newport 13.3 miles, Landrover . Fri 6th Mar - To Dinas and back (work) 5.4 miles, Landrover . Wed 11 Mar - To Fishguard and back (Dentist) 14 miles, Landrover . Fri 13 Mar - St Nicholas, one way (Family visit) 13.3 miles, Landrover . Sat 14 Mar - St Nicholas to Newport 13.3 miles, Landrover . Wed 18 Mar - St Nicholas, one way (family visit) 13.3 miles, Landrover . Thurs 19 Mar - St Nicholas to Newport 13.3 miles, Landrover . Fri 20 Mar - To Dinas and back (work) 5.4 miles, Landrover

Commitment

I will undertake to generate no more than 822 vehicle trips for domestic activities per year. This is half of the average number of vehicle trips for an average rural person.

I will undertake to travel no more than 4296 miles by private vehicle for domestic activities per year. This is half of the average private vehicle travel distance for a rural person.

Transport Assessment and Travel Plan Criteria

Essential criteria The essential criteria are that: 55 a) The management plan must be accompanied by a Transport Assessment and Travel Plan (which may be combined). o A (combined) Transport Assessment and Travel Plan is included in the management plan

22 https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/nts99-travel-by-region-and-area-type-of-residence Table NTS9904 23 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/337241/nts2013-notes.pdf

24 https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/nts99-travel-by-region-and-area-type-of-residence Table NTS9903 Page 66 of 76

b) Overall the development should achieve a significant reduction in transport impacts from all activities on site (residents, enterprises and visitors) in comparison to what would be the 'norm' for such activities. 25 o I travelled 2587miles by private vehicle in 2014 ; this is approximately 30% of what would be the average for one person travelling by private vehicle living in a rural location. I have provided other comparative statistics in this management plan. I am making clear commitments that demonstrate a significant reduction in transport impacts in comparison to the ‘norm’.

c) There should be detailed monitoring of all trips to and from the site in terms of purposes, distances, modes, and any transport sharing. o All vehicle trips to and from the site will be monitored and relayed in the annual monitoring report.

Contributory criteria The contributory criteria are that: d) The use of low and zero carbon modes of transport should be maximised. o I walk whenever it is practical to do so – this often involves healthy distances.

e) On site vehicle numbers should be controlled and vehicle pools used for One Planet Developments of more than one household. o I am a single person in a single household - I own and run one vehicle.

f) Connections between the site and local suppliers and customers for goods and services requiring travel, should be maximised opposed to those at a greater distance. o As far as I am able I operate (both in terms of purchasing inputs and selling outputs) as locally as possible. My business plans and consumption patterns illustrate this.

g) Visitor travel should be the subject of proactive management to reduce transport impacts. o Most of my social activities will take place in Newport, and just as I walk to most social events, most of my visitors will travel to me on foot.

Transport Assessment and Travel Plan Monitoring

Monitoring: Essential criteria The targets and indicators for monitoring the essential criteria are: o Target: That there is a significant reduction in transport impacts from all activities on site in comparison with 'typical' levels for the number of occupants and activities on site. Indicators: Annual monitoring of all trips to and from the site by purpose, distance, mode, and any transport sharing. Annual assessment of the transport impact of the site against the Transport Assessment Strategy and Travel Plan.

25 This includes domestic and business activities Page 67 of 76

Method: The annual monitoring report will include a breakdown of all vehicle trips to and from the site by purpose, distance, mode, and any transport sharing. It will review my travel impact against the commitments I have made in this management plan

Monitoring: Contributory criteria The targets and indicators for monitoring the contributory criteria are: o Target: That there is maximisation of use of low and zero carbon modes of travel. Indicator: Annual monitoring of use of low and zero carbon modes of transport (part of annual monitoring of all trips).

Method: The annual monitoring report will include information about low/ zero carbon modes of travel

o Target: That there is a reduction in on-site vehicles through the use of vehicle pools. Indicator: Annual monitoring of vehicle numbers and use of vehicle pools.

Method: The annual monitoring report will include details of vehicle numbers and any car- sharing

o Target: That there is maximum use of local suppliers and customers over those from a greater distance Indicator: Annual monitoring of local suppliers and customers.

Method: The annual monitoring report will include a description of outlets for my food and craft, as well as details on any other regular suppliers.

o Target: That there is pro-active management of visitor travel. Indicator: Annual monitoring of visitor travel.

Method: The annual monitoring report will include an appraisal of the manner in which visitors travel to Carningli Sylvan.

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12. Ecological Footprint Assessment

I currently have an ecological footprint of 4.8 gHa/ cap. The National average is 3.6 gHa/cap.

The 5 year projection suggests that I will have an ecological footprint of 2.13 gHa/ cap, and I have the potential to move towards an ecological footprint of 1.88 gHa/cap (a one-planet footprint). The policy requires an ecological footprint of 2.4gHa/cap after 5 years.

The Welsh Government EFA online tool was used to calculate these results. The data page is included as an appendix

Other Footprints

Whilst the EFA analysis that has been undertaken is very comprehensive some elements of the project do not fall within its remit. These have been identified as:

Negative influences

1. Social visitors The ecological impacts of friends and family visiting are small and are also very difficult to quantify. For the most part these will centre on the travel implications of such visits. Needless to say the vast majority of social visits will be from local friends and these often tie in with practical exchanges/ tasks. There will also be occasional visits from family members who live further afield.

2. Transport impacts associated with business activities Transport impacts have been included in the household ecological footprint (because they double up as shopping/ family/ social visits).

Positive influences

3. Food, craft supplied locally (including fuel for transport). Within 5 years the project expects to generate approximately £7800 of low-carbon produce for the local economy. Given that the vast majority of food and craft in our society undergoes energy intensive industrial processes and travels thousands of miles, this represents a massive energy and pollution saving.

4. The indirect effect that the project has on the footprints of the wider community The project aspires to have a beneficial impact on the wider community, promoting both the concepts and the practicality of low-impact living. The potential impact of this in the wider community is impossible to quantify. It is possible to state that given the Welsh Governments aspirations towards a sustainable society (PPW, Chapter 4), this is an important task.

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13. Phasing, Monitoring and Exit Strategy

Phasing

• The trackway will be installed in year 1. • The lavender beds will be created and prepared for planting in year 1 • The SRC and weaving willow will be planted in year 1. • Construction of the dwellinghouse will begin in year 1 and will take an estimated 12 months to complete. I will live on the land while construction proceeds. • The barn will be constructed in year 1. • The project will meet the required land-based productivity targets within 5 years.

Monitoring

An annual monitoring report will consider the project’s progress against the objectives contained in this management plan. It will include: • An EFA progress report: a short commentary on changes made since the previous year that are likely to impact upon the EF of the households and other footprints. • An EFA assessment in year 5. • A revised/ updated Management Plan in year 5 and every fifth year thereafter. As well as:-

Target Indicator Method LAND BASED ACTIVITY: MONITORING ESSENTIAL CRITERIA The minimum food needs (at least (a) Annual reporting of food The annual monitoring report 65%) of all occupants are met from production consumed by will provide an updated table 1, produce grown and reared on the household. detailing the food I produce site or purchased using income (b) Annual reporting of spend on from the land and the food I derived from other products other food. purchase. grown and reared on the site

The minimum income needs of all (a) Annual household income and The annual monitoring report occupants are met from income costs reporting will contain an updated table 2 derived from land use activities on which defines my minimum the site. income needs. It will also contain basic accounts for my land-based enterprises along with an updated table 5 that summarises how I am meeting my minimum income requirement from land-based activity. Income derived from other land- (a) Annual reporting on the total An updated table 5 included in based enterprises, such as training value of produce grown and reared the annual monitoring report and education courses or on the site compared with income will detail the respective land- consultancy, remain subsidiary to derived from other land-based based income streams the primary activity of growing and enterprises. demonstrating that my ‘other’ Page 70 of 76

rearing produce. land-based income streams remain subsidiary to the primary activity of growing and rearing produce. The number of occupants is (a) Annual reporting on number of The annual monitoring report directly related to the ability of the occupants by household and their will detail the number of people site to support their minimum food roles on site. living at Carningli Sylvan and and income needs and the number their respective roles within the of people needed to run the site holding. effectively. LAND BASED ACTIVITY: MONITORING CONTRIBUTORY CRITERIA The land based enterprise provides (a) Annual reporting of sale The annual monitoring report food and other products to local volumes and market areas by each will contain basic land-based markets, reducing other local on-site enterprise. business accounts (detailing footprints. sales volumes and market areas) that demonstrate that I am providing food and craft to local markets.

Facilities for processing produce a) Annual reporting on use of The annual monitoring report are made available to other local processing facilities by others. will include any details of producers. processing facilities Training / courses / consultancy, as (a) Annual reporting on training My annual monitoring report components of the land based and consultancy activities. will include details of any land- enterprise, share best practice in based enterprises that involve sustainable land based activities training/ courses/ consultancy. with the wider community. LAND MANAGEMENT: MONITORING ESSENTIAL CRITERIA All existing semi-natural habitats (a) Spread of characteristic species The annual monitoring report are in favourable of that habitat against an will include a description of the condition. established baseline. health of the stone walls, (b) Decline in non-characteristic / hedges and mature trees across commercial agricultural species the holding which highlights any within each habitat (seek advice of increase or decline in key Wildlife Trust). species as identified in the Ecology Survey All identified cultural heritage (a) No cultivation or soil erosion The annual monitoring report features are maintained in good over buried archaeological sites will report on the management condition. and historic earthworks. of the stone ruin. (b) Scrub and trees removed over buried archaeological sites and historic earthworks. (c) Above ground historic/ cultural features stabilised and scrub / trees removed. There is an increase in the number (a) Increase in the number / area / The annual monitoring report / area / length of traditional length of x landscape feature. will report on the management characteristic landscape features (b) Increase in the number / area / of the land areas and will and all are under appropriate length of y landscape feature. quantify the areas of new traditional management. woodland planted. Page 71 of 76

LAND MANAGEMENT: MONITORING CONTRIBUTORY CRITERIA (Named) semi-natural habitat(s) (a) Area of new habitat. The annual monitoring report is/are extended / (b) Spread of characteristic species will report on the creation and created. of that habitat. establishment of the Orchard and Short Rotation Coppice areas. There is an increase in the (a) Number of breeding farmland No baseline for the number of population of farmland birds on the site against an breeding farmland birds has birds on the site. established baseline. been set. Should the opportunity arise for such a survey to be commissioned this will be recorded in the annual monitoring report.

ENERGY AND WATER: MONITORING ESSENTIAL CRITERIA All of the energy needs shall be a) Annual reporting on use of The annual monitoring report met from sources of renewable renewable energy generated on- will contain a description of my energy on site. site (as percentage of energy energy usage and production needs). patterns which details sources, b) Annual reporting on use of all methods and quantities. It will nonrenewable include figures for the amount fuels (included grid connected electricity), recorded in terms of of renewable electricity I use (what for) and amount generate as well as figures on (quantity). the amount of electricity I c) Annual reporting on quantity of consume both domestically and electricity exported to the grid and in my land-based businesses, imported from the grid. and data on the amount of biomass I will consume as well as data on my use of non- renewable fuels. All water needs are met from a) Annual reporting on use of The annual monitoring report water available on-site (unless water sources (amount used from will contain a description of my there is a more sustainable each source), including abstraction water usage, abstraction and alternative). from water bodies (surface and harvesting patterns which ground details sources, methods and water). quantities. It will also report on b) Annual reporting on ground and surface water levels (reported ground and water surface every month). levels. WASTE: MONITORING ESSENTIAL CRITERIA All biodegradable waste produced a) Annual reporting on quantity of The annual monitoring report on site will be assimilated on site in all waste production by types of will contain a description of my environmentally sustainable ways. waste and sources - domestic and on-site biodegradable waste Only exception to above is other (specified). assimilation processes. occasional off-site disposal of small b) Annual reporting on quantity of The annual monitoring report amounts of non-biodegradable onsite waste assimilation and off- will also contain a breakdown of waste items which cannot be site waste disposal. assimilated on site that arise from the types and quantities of things used on site wearing out or waste I produce.

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breaking irreparably. All waste handling and assimilation a) Annual statement of compliance The annual monitoring report on site must comply with with Environment Agency will include an annual Environment Agency guidelines. guidelines. statement of compliance with Environment Agency (Natural Resources Wales) guidelines. WASTE: MONITORING CONTRIBUTORY CRITERIA The re-use of organic waste on site a) Addressed in annual reporting The annual monitoring report should increase overall site fertility of onsite waste assimilation (see will contain a description of my and productivity, so long as this is above). on-site biodegradable waste not at the expense of important assimilation processes. semi-natural habitats dependent Composted organic waste will on low soil fertility not be used on the grazing fields. ZERO CARBON BUILDINGS: MONITORING ESSENTIAL CRITERIA That domestic and ancillary a) Achievement of zero carbon Evidence of my dwellinghouse buildings are zero carbon in assessment for all buildings being ‘zero carbon in construction and use. requiring Building Regulations in construction and use’ has been construction, as described in this supplied. guidance. b) Achievement of zero carbon assessment for all buildings requiring Building Regulations in use, as described in this guidance. All structures requiring building a) All structures requiring building The dwellinghouse requires regulations approval obtain this regulations approval are identified Building Regulations approval approval. in the proposals and will be the subject of a b) This approval is obtained either Building Regulations before or during construction. application. The annual monitoring report will provide updates on this. All structures identified for a) Specification of how each A specification has been removal in the Exit Strategy are structure identified for removal in included in the exit strategy capable of removal with low the Exit Strategy is capable of section of this management environmental impact. removal with low environmental plan. impact. ZERO CARBON BUILDINGS: MONITORING CONTRIBUTORY CRITERIA The construction of structures a) Detailed summary of use of A summary of the recycled should make as much use of recycled materials in construction elements of the dwellinghouse recycled materials as possible so of structures. is included in this management long as this does not affect their plan ability to satisfy the essential criteria. Existing buildings are re-used a) Explanatory statement on the An explanatory statement on where this would have an overall re-use of any existing buildings. the re-use of any existing lower environmental impact than buildings has been provided in new buildings, or where they are this management plan of particular value in landscape or heritage terms, but provided that Page 73 of 76

they are not unsightly or have a negative impact due to their siting. COMMUNITY IMPACT ASSESSMENT: MONITORING ESSENTIAL CRITERIA Community impacts are a) Annual monitoring of My annual monitoring report thoroughly assessed and community impacts. will contain updated tables (9a there are measures in place to b) Implementation of mitigation and 9b) assessing both positive mitigate any negative impacts. measures to address any negative and negative community impacts. impacts, along with any mitigating measures for negative impacts.

COMMUNITY IMPACT ASSESSMENT: MONITORING CONTRIBUTORY CRITERIA All positive community impacts are a) All positive community impacts As outlined above, the annual fostered and recorded. are fostered and recorded. monitoring report will record positive community impacts. I naturally foster these. TRANSPORT ASSESSMENT AND TRAVEL PLAN: MONITORING ESSENTIAL CRITERIA There is a significant reduction in a) Annual monitoring of all trips to The annual monitoring report transport impacts from all and from the site by purpose, will include a breakdown of all activities on site in comparison distance, mode, and any transport vehicle trips to and from the site with 'typical' levels for the number sharing. by purpose, distance, mode, and of occupants and activities on site. b) Annual assessment of the any transport sharing. It will transport impact of the site against review my travel impact against the Transport Assessment Strategy and Travel Plan. the commitments I have made in this management plan

TRANSPORT ASSESSMENT AND TRAVEL PLAN: MONITORING CONTRIBUTORY CRITERIA There is maximisation of use of low a) Annual monitoring of use of low The annual monitoring report and zero carbon modes of travel. and zero carbon modes of will include information about transport (part of annual low/ zero carbon modes of monitoring of all trips). travel

There is a reduction in on-site a) Annual monitoring of vehicle The annual monitoring report vehicles through the use of vehicle numbers and use of vehicle pools. will include details of vehicle pools. numbers and any car-sharing There is maximum use of local a) Annual monitoring of local The annual monitoring report suppliers and customers over suppliers and customers. will include a description of those from a greater distance. outlets for my food and craft, as well as details on any other regular suppliers.

There is pro-active management of a) Annual monitoring of visitor The annual monitoring report visitor travel. travel. will include an appraisal of the manner in which visitors travel to Carningli Sylvan.

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Exit Strategy

Should the project fail to achieve one or more of the essential characteristics of OPD (as set out in section 1.9 of the practice guidance – copied below), then the dwellinghouse will be dismantled and removed. The structure has been designed such that it is reversible - so this will not be a difficult task. Since the structures have been built predominantly from natural materials, these would be left on site to compost. Non-biodegradable materials will all be offered either for re-sale or free on Freecycle.

Outline exit process/ specification:-

• The internal furnishings would be redistributed. • Flue pipes and solar panels would be sold on ebay. • The turf from the roof would be set aside for spreading on the site at the end of the removal process. • The EPDM membrane would be recycled. • The pallets would be collected by suppliers. • The straw(taking care to remove the baler twine), and lime render would be composted. • The composite beams would be cut into sections and sold on ebay. • All timberwork would be composted or cut up for firewood. • The glazing units and doors would be recycled. • The polycarbonate sheeting would be offered (free to collector) on freecycle. • The plumbing and electrical systems would be recycled. • The batteries would be sold on ebay. • The earth floor and stem walls would be broken up to remove, then set aside to be used as fill later on. • The celotex insulation would be collected into large dumpy bags and offered to other eco- construction projects on a collect-only basis. • The rainwater harvesting systems would be offered (free to collector) on freecycle. • The site would be landscaped such that a shallow depression in the field and a pile of lime- rich compost would be all that remained.

Essential characteristics of One Planet Development in the open Countryside

1.9 TAN 6, reflecting Planning Policy Wales, lays out a set of essential Characteristics that all One Planet Developments in the open countryside must have. These are that One Planet Developments must: . Have a light touch on the environment – positively enhancing the environment where ever possible through activities on the site. . Be land based – the development must provide for the minimum needs of residents in terms of food, income, energy and waste assimilation in no more than five years. . Have a low ecological footprint – the development must have an initial ecological footprint of 2.4 global hectares per person or less with a clear potential to move to 1.88 global hectares per person over time – these are the Ecological Footprint Analysis benchmarks for all One Planet Development (para 2.11). . Have very low carbon buildings – these are stringent requirements, requiring that buildings are low in carbon in both construction and use. . Be defined and controlled by a binding management plan which is reviewed and updated every five years. . Be bound by a clear statement that the development will be the sole residence for the proposed occupants.

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14. Section 106 Undertaking

In addition to this management plan I intend to offer a s106 unilateral undertaking to the Council that would secure the following obligations:

• Tie to the land The occupation of the dwelling shall be limited to resident(s) solely or mainly working or last working on the land in horticulture/ permaculture/ forestry/ woodcraft and associated activities and to any resident dependents.

• Sole Residence The dwelling will be the sole residence of the resident(s).

15. Declaration of competency

This Management Plan has been compiled with the assistance of Tao Wimbush.

Having trained as an architect, Tao Paul Wimbush has been committed to low-impact development for 20 years. He is the founder of the Lammas ecovillage, and author of the book ‘The Birth of an Ecovillage’. He has played a key role in lobbying for and influencing the formation of both local and national planning policies26 and works as a planning consultant specialising in One Planet Development. He has provided planning support for every planning appeal that has fallen within these policies to date27.

26 Pembs JUDP SPG for Policy 52, TAN6 – One planet development, One planet development practice guidance. 27 Including Tony Wrench’s Roundhouse at Brithdir Mawr (PCNPA), Coedwig Blaen (PCC), John Hargraves (PCNPA), Tom O Kane (PCNPA), Lammas (PCC), Cornerwood (CCC), Nant y Cwm Farm (CCC), Warren Dingle Farm (FCC), Pwll Broga (PCC). Page 76 of 76