sign in sign up
<<
Home , Typhoid fever

AJPS , 2004 , vol. 1 , No. 1

Biochemical study of the effect of typhoid and on some serum salts concentration

Al-Hadithi H. Amal* Received 20/4/2004; accepted/ 6/8/2004

�,

�J Li r-Ai . YJ�J:l½J � J Y..>.U-·.lUJ ( '-4 �) �I )I �IJ ��I � �_)A l}Atlb WJ� 4....ui\.) J � ul.sc�J �I j�I ual.J-Ci uJ\j l.JS ua�I r� l.JSJ( %i '"\) o� � �L.ou\16.l\ � 0} �...>:u..i (Widal �IY.f+.!j ��I J�J 40:!�I ��I JJc wl!�I �wll u,ai '-4 . (%''\) t;.>-ujju\16.ll �� 1_,..bci 0:!jj\J �Y � (Rose Bengal test) �IY.r+.1.1.l lhl'-4� J�J � 0:!�IJ �JA � � \y\Stest) y.)All.l:i ��I (..}-Q�Io � � �\.Jj\ W:!.»I ��J, .b.s.s wliil (Rose Bengal test) J(Widal test) c"�J-G 4?fii �Y £i..c ½i.J-Al.l:i� Y �1 r�tS11J r�I � c.S� �1 J�1 01 �1.Jj1 o� 0.ci �J. �.JtlJl'-c� ��..)A�. (P::; 0.003) r'�w�I � c.S� � i.;.JAlLla ua\.b..j\J(P::; 0.004 J P:s;0.1) ��_,ijjll �I � � u-al..i;.,jlJ ½J-9�½ (P ::; 0 .08 J P ::; 0. 1) ?_.9:lJ �IJ f'�I c.S ji....i.J �I J�I c} � till J.;e-1:aiJ I \..hl'-4 �I J.a..JI c}i.;.JAll.l:i till} lfo.i� ��IJU:J'-4 � �y Lai. (P::; 0.08) f'_»ulw�I ·� c.S...;wi.J�I J�I ul�I d . ½J-9�½ (P ::; 0.06-.,P ::; 0.001 JP ::; 0.001) i.;.J-/il r'_»,uJ\SllJ("J:l J�I , r�I � c.S� . t* �� � .lS Jl_,.JI 04) �J�J:l411 : uJ...+ll . ,--9� C �')\ �. � ·.. <:: y,aI J1.$ '--1..uS .. .. J:l wl. I�. .. \�\ Y.:i....JJ.J.i .... �_;:: I \ �--1 1 J UJL.a � uHUL.ib. .. l ..,,;--.=:

ABSTRACT

Twenty cases of typhoid and brucellosis patients were studied on clinical, serological and biochemical aspects. The mean clinical findings were, most of the ca'ses had sustained fever 66%, gastroenterial symptoms developed as the disease progressed and intestinal hemorrhage 19% as a complications. In serological findings, the number of patients who had +ve positive widal test were thirteen and those who had positive Rose Bengal test were five and those who had positive Widal and Rose Bengal test were two patients. The study was also conducted on ten apparently healthy individual as a control group. The objective ( 1) To study the possible correlation between brucella and typhi infectionby biochemical test of some serum salts, and (2) Because of the limited value of Widal's test in the diagnosis of typhoid fever, serum salts of these patients studied to see if can be used as a recommended test to differentiate between these two diseases.

* Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Baghdad University, Baghdad-Iraq.

1 The biochemical findings were reveled a significant increase in the level of serum magnesium ~SQ.004)and a significant decrease in the level of serum potassium (PS0.003)in typhoid fever patients. While patients with brucellosis show moderate increase in the mean value of serum magnesium and sodium (P10.1 and P10.08 respectively) and moderate decrease in the mean value of serum potassium (f10.08).WhiIe patients with typhoid and bruceIlosis (combination} show significant increase in lthe mean value of serum magnesium and sodium (l'10.001 and B10.001 respectively) while there is i~~~a$edin the level of serum total calcium (PS0.1) in patient with typhoid fever only. While serum ionized calcium show significant increase in the mean vaIue in patients with typhoid fever and brucellosis (P10.06). The changes in these biochemical parameters were discussed .

INTRODUCTION : Typhoid fever, is a severe systemic illness transmitted through food or water, which is caused by the bacterium salmonella typhi AB, BO, and DO, which isolated from stool, or urine cultures(') . Salmonella species cause enterocolitis, enteric such as typhoid fever, and septicemia with metastatic abscessesm. They are gram negative rods, their +ell wall 0, flagellar H,and capsular Vi (virulence) are important for taxonomic and epidemiologic purposes . The 0 antigens, which are the outer poly-seeharide of the cell wall, are used to subdivide the saImoneEla in to group A1 and flagelIar H and antigens are subdivided in to 2 phases, phase 1 and phase 2 . The Vi antigens are used for the typing of salmonella typhi, the agent of typhoid fever(3). The genus of salmonella are divided into three species : salrnonelIa typhi, salmoneIla choleraesuis, and salmonella enteritidis . The three types of salmonella infections enterocolitis, entedc fevers, and septicemia have different pathogenetic features . Entero colitis: is characterized by an invasion of the epithelial and subepithelial tissue of the small and large intestines with resulting inflammation and . In typhoid and other enteric fevers, infection begins in the but few gastrointestinal symptoms occur. The organism enter and spread to the phagocytic of the , gall bladder, and , this lead to bacteremia . Septicemia accounts for only about 5- 10% of salmonella infection^'^). Zhang in (1997)'~)used three metallic salts ferrous, magnesium and calcium to induce and prevent Vi- of salmonella Qphi loss, md showed that induction and prevention of Vi-antigen of salmonella typhi loss by the three metallic salts was higher than that of other reports . Brucella organisms are facultative intracellular that may infect many species of animals as well as . Brucella species cause bruceIlosis are small gram-negative rods witbout capsules . The three major human and their animal reservoirs are brucella melitensis (goats and sheep), (cattle) and brucella suis (pigs) . The organisms enter the body either by ingestion of contaminated milk products or through the skin by direct contact in an occupational setting such as an abattoir . They are localize in the reticuloendothelial system, namely the lymph nods, liver, spleen, and bonemarra~(~). Maiik in (1998)@~in his study showed that there is a high serurn calcium in human brucellosis .

MTERIALS AND METHODS : Blood samples were collected from the patients on admission, and their sera were separated and analyzed at the time of separation . To compare the results a normal control group of ten apparently healthy persons were selected. Blood samples were also collected, separated and analyzed at the time of separation . Biochemical parameters studied were serum levels of magnesium, sodium, potassium and calcium (total and ionized) and evaluated in twenty patients with typhoid fever, bruceIIosis and typhoid-brucellosis infection.