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Home , Aindrias Moynihan, Alan Dillon, Alan Farrell, Alan Kelly (politician), Anne Rabbitte, Barry Cowen

 Appendices

Samuel A. T. Johnston

© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature 341 Switzerland AG 2021 M. Gallagher et al. (eds.), How Ireland Voted 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66405-3 342 APPENDICES 836 159 795 703 1471 5536 3984 5124 4031 1974 2208 8241 4505 3769 3932 6460 8187 1044 1287 7333 9358 3545 13,546 11,986 10,059 16,476 26,378 12,241 Others 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 515 973 583 582 714 697 1350 2382 3840 3877 1325 1337 1413 1062 1058 1185 1109 1553 Aontú 0 0 0 0 0 0 427 764 830 977 932 861 598 910 701 1196 3703 1558 2131 1002 1161 3572 1215 1498 4753 6130 4353 9632 S–PBP 2020 y 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ar 817 848 4696 1077 1121 3845 6229 1801 2912 2206 6124 1595 2761 1382 3623 9808 1338 1799 u SocDems r eb 0 0 0 0 0 0 F 983 848 845 1263 2561 2208 8127 6610 3121 4513 1702 1541 3179 2095 3603 2096 3009 1548 2751 5899 2011 2729 Labour , 8 5379 1647 3205 4942 3495 1656 2501 5624 5042 3749 8888 8400 3851 2785 1548 8958 4041 4961 4901 9300 3650 1924 5100 4122 1639 3494 3252 2503 Green lection E

l 8391 7802 9493 4751 7988 3579 5078 9068 8069 9587 12,155 15,999 13,375 15,403 10,677 19,233 10,697 13,435 10,970 13,225 11,380 10,348 20,828 10,893 12,332 14,270 11,982 15,038 ra ene 5474 3228 5598 3902 5435 4782 6892 9911 9507 Fáil G 20,259 27,459 10,339 18,279 15,816 18,161 20,254 12,714 10,294 14,440 13,634 12,193 13,697 10,694 16,054 13,365 22,130 13,586 11,957 Fianna the 0

4777 8987 6361 4926 6002 8464 7108 8705 6916 of

14,057 17,493 34,935 26,476 13,811 21,344 12,587 11,223 19,463 15,792 14,375 17,015 20,077 12,456 15,733 10,155 16,654 11,006 Sinn Féin esults 57,140 73,643 44,338 46,370 77,452 59,495 51,778 71,606 72,183 54,544 39,591 31,435 45,452 63,440 32,386 42,403 43,291 67,565 43,628 62,293 60,341 42,520 77,666 47,260 50,945 69,422 46,090 46,129 Valid votes Valid A: R 90,916 69,127 71,685 91,120 87,473 89,998 80,764 61,998 74,506 54,885 67,012 79,460 70,337 99,811 69,233 77,719 81,884 72,165 77,643 114,343 125,911 112,047 110,190 101,045 109,517 104,825 116,885 110,839 Electorate ppendix A Electorate, valid votes and for each party

Cork South-Central Carlow– South-West Cork North-West Donegal Clare Cork North-Central Bay North Cavan–Monaghan Cork East Constituency Dublin Bay South Dublin Central Dublin Mid-West Dublin Dublin North-West Dublin Rathdown Dublin South-Central Dublin South-West Dublin West Dún Laoghaire West Galway East Kerry Kildare South Kildare North Laois–Offaly City Table A1.1 Table Appendices 343 209 8315 1028 5543 8097 5314 9742 9211 21,906 14,461 35,370 37,662 67,987 74,203 94,364 114,512 0 0 0 504 368 7322 2574 1634 1049 1518 5216 1051 12,222 12,829 11,308 41,575 0 0 632 422 721 569 1120 1746 1153 1116 1037 8401 7944 4651 36,424 57,420 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2376 7039 4471 25,827 20,561 12,538 63,397 0 0 255 874 1904 5824 1178 7857 3498 9223 1727 4809 33,834 32,421 24,518 95,582 2325 1413 5418 3251 1935 1791 4177 3170 3996 2028 5634 62,675 35,766 40,142 17,112 155,695 5466 8881 14,362 10,822 11,871 10,268 10,098 25,429 11,132 12,809 18,384 94,128 111,075 123,634 126,731 455,568 9692 7898 7980 6742 9298 9940 97,805 16,997 16,003 15,536 14,255 19,920 81,343 143,732 161,435 484,315 8003 11,848 29,694 12,652 10,223 15,035 14,633 10,004 20,569 18,717 17,297 149,034 153,438 118,447 114,654 535,573 56,383 70,667 41,504 41,945 45,612 60,680 64,353 81,788 53,758 75,073 71,320 543,090 598,162 619,096 423,141 2,183,489 94,835 67,982 66,507 69,598 97,170 98,165 84,978 113,128 126,781 116,155 101,332 911,382 944,724 978,771 675,092 3,509,969 Longford–Westmeath Louth Meath West Meath East Roscommon–Galway –Leitrim Mayo Tipperary Wicklow Dublin Rest of Leinster Munster –Ulster Total Notes: The number of votes obtained refers to frst preference fgures. A further 17,703 votes were deemed invalid. S–PBP includes People Before Proft Irish Freedom(8421), the 4 Change Independents includes ‘Others’ other tables and all In this Rise (4477). (12,723), and Solidarity (40,220), Party (5495), PartyRenua (5473), National Party (1195), United People (43), and Independents (266,353) (4773), Irish Democratic Party (2611), Workers’ 344 Appendices 5.4 0.2 9.4 3.2 1.5 5.6 5.0 7.0 9.9 2.4 9.0 9.1 9.6 1.6 1.7 2.5 7.7 16.9 10.6 30.5 15.5 13.0 19.2 27.3 34.0 19.8 17.6 Others 0.0 5.3 0.0 2.4 2.6 8.4 2.4 1.2 3.1 1.4 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.3 0.0 0.0 2.4 1.9 1.4 1.8 1.4 0.0 1.5 0.0 3.4 Aontú 2.1 1.1 2.0 0.0 7.1 0.0 1.3 1.0 0.0 3.0 2.5 3.1 1.8 7.9 3.8 3.5 9.1 0.0 1.5 0.0 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.5 11.0 10.0 15.5 S–PBP 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 8.3 1.9 0.0 8.7 4.5 9.3 3.5 0.0 0.0 3.7 4.1 1.9 2.2 2.0 6.0 0.0 2.8 0.0 3.9 10.6 18.9 19.3 SocDems 3.0 1.4 0.0 4.9 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 7.9 5.4 7.1 3.4 2.6 7.5 4.8 5.3 4.8 4.8 2.0 2.6 0.0 5.4 2.9 5.9 12.1 11.3 12.5 Labour 6.7 3.5 9.5 6.9 6.2 7.5 9.4 3.7 2.1 7.0 6.1 4.8 9.3 7.3 4.5 6.0 5.3 3.5 5.0 7.0 22.5 12.2 13.2 21.1 11.2 14.9 10.0 Green 6.6 21.7 22.5 19.6 15.1 33.2 21.3 18.9 13.8 18.8 27.7 15.1 15.0 17.6 11.1 31.2 11.7 16.8 23.7 33.4 29.0 18.1 18.4 17.8 17.1 17.3 20.8 Fine Gael 37.3 25.2 34.0 26.5 24.6 39.4 35.4 23.3 20.4 14.4 13.8 10.3 21.5 12.3 12.0 12.8 11.0 18.0 15.8 15.9 25.2 22.7 20.7 26.2 20.1 31.9 25.9 Fianna Fáil 0.0 9.6 23.8 36.7 15.1 23.1 26.7 24.6 10.8 45.1 29.8 16.1 35.7 24.9 42.8 44.4 11.6 39.3 29.7 28.6 16.7 14.0 20.2 17.1 21.5 24.0 23.9 Sinn Féin 64.9 66.1 65.9 61.1 59.7 65.4 63.2 64.6 62.0 64.5 52.1 51.2 63.2 61.6 59.6 63.7 55.1 62.3 62.4 62.8 61.9 60.3 66.9 62.7 61.4 63.2 59.9 Turnout Turnout and percentage votes for each partyTurnout

Constituency Carlow–Kilkenny Cavan–Monaghan Clare Cork East Cork North-Central Cork North-West Cork South-Central Cork South-West Donegal Dublin Bay North Dublin Bay South Dublin Central Dublin Fingal Dublin Mid-West Dublin North-West Dublin Rathdown Dublin South-Central Dublin South-West Dublin West Dún Laoghaire Galway East Galway West Kerry Kildare North Kildare South Laois–Offaly Limerick City Table A1.2 Table Appendices 345 1.6 0.5 9.9 6.9 15.9 14.8 11.5 13.2 48.0 23.8 43.2 13.0 12.9 11.4 18.5 17.5 13.5 1.6 0.0 0.0 4.0 3.9 1.1 0.6 0.0 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.0 2.0 2.1 2.7 1.9 17.7 0.0 1.1 1.6 1.1 1.4 0.0 0.9 2.9 0.0 2.1 1.5 1.4 6.7 1.4 1.3 1.1 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.9 4.8 3.4 2.0 1.1 2.9 0.0 3.4 8.2 0.4 2.1 0.0 0.0 1.9 9.6 6.5 2.4 6.2 5.4 4.0 1.1 4.4 12.3 5.4 4.1 7.7 6.5 7.7 4.7 3.1 3.0 3.9 7.4 2.7 7.9 6.0 6.5 4.0 7.1 11.5 32.6 25.5 15.3 39.5 28.3 24.7 12.0 16.6 13.6 16.5 17.1 25.8 20.5 20.7 20.5 22.2 20.9 29.5 30.1 13.7 24.1 19.0 16.2 17.3 26.4 17.4 17.3 26.5 13.9 15.0 24.0 26.1 23.1 22.2 15.0 21.0 42.0 22.7 24.4 30.5 17.5 24.8 12.2 38.3 24.9 24.3 27.4 25.7 19.1 27.1 24.5 64.4 60.0 63.1 66.1 63.4 61.5 66.0 63.0 65.0 63.8 66.9 70.9 59.9 63.5 63.3 63.1 62.9 Limerick County Longford–Westmeath Louth Mayo Meath East Meath West Roscommon–Galway Sligo–Leitrim Tipperary Waterford Wexford Wicklow Dublin Rest of Leinster Munster Connacht–Ulster Total Notes: S–PBP includes People Before Proft (1.8%), Solidarity (0.6%), and Rise (0.2%). Others includes Independents 4 Change (0.4%), the Party (0.3%), National Party (0.05%), United People (0.002%), and Independents (12.2%) (0.2%), Irish Democratic Party (0.1%), Workers’ 346 Appendices 0–4 0–1 1–6 0–5 0–7 0–2 0–4 1–3 1–5 0–7 0–7 0–6 0–6 0–3 0–3 0–2 1–6 0–5 0–3 0–2 1–3 2–4 2–5 0–3 1–2 1–5 0–2 Others 0–0 0–1 0–0 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–0 0–1 0–0 0–0 0–0 0–1 0–0 0–0 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–0 0–1 0–0 0–1 Aontú 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–0 1–1 0–0 0–1 0–1 0–0 0–2 0–1 0–2 0–2 1–1 0–1 0–1 1–1 1–2 0–1 1–1 0–0 0–2 0–0 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 S–PBP 1-1 0–0 0–0 0–0 0–0 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–0 1–1 0–1 1–1 0–1 0–0 1–1 0–0 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–0 1–1 0–1 0–0 0–1 SocDems 0–1 0–1 0–0 1–1 0–1 0–0 0–1 0–0 0–0 1–1 0–1 0–1 1–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–0 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 Labour 1–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 1–1 1–1 1–1 0–1 0–1 1–1 1–1 1–1 1–1 1–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 1–1 Green 1–3 1–3 1–3 1–2 1–2 1–2 1–2 0–2 1–2 1–2 1–2 1–2 1–2 1–2 0–1 2–2 0–1 1–2 1–2 1–3 1–2 1–2 1–2 1–2 1–1 1–2 1–2 Fine Gael 2–3 2–3 1–3 1–2 1–3 2–2 2–2 1–2 1–2 1–2 1–1 0–1 1–2 0–2 1–1 0–2 0–1 1–3 1–1 1–2 1–2 1–2 1–3 1–2 1–3 2–4 1–2 Fianna Fáil 1–1 2–2 1–1 1–1 1–1 0–0 1–1 0–1 2–2 1–1 1–1 1–1 1–1 2–2 1–1 0–1 1–1 1–1 1–1 0–1 0–1 1–1 1–1 1–1 1–1 1–1 1–1 Sinn Féin 3–9 5–14 5–13 4–15 4–13 4–18 4–14 3–12 5–13 5–18 4–15 4–16 5–16 4–12 3–10 3–11 4–13 5–16 4–12 4–13 3–12 5–15 5–13 4–12 4–12 5–15 4–12 Total Seats and candidates by party

Constituency Carlow–Kilke Cavan–Mon Clare Cork East Cork NC Cork NW Cork SC Cork SW Donegal Dublin Bay N Dublin Bay S Dublin Central Dublin Fingal Dublin MW Dublin NW Dub Rathdown Dublin SC Dublin SW Dublin West Dún Laoghaire Galway East Galway West Kerry Kildare North Kildare South Laois–Offaly Limerick City Table A1.3 Table Appendices 347 1–5 0–5 1–6 0–5 0–3 0–1 2–4 1–9 2–6 1–2 1–4 0–9 7–31 1–50 4–42 8–47 20–170 0–7 0–5 1–5 0–9 0–1 0–0 0–0 0–1 0–1 1–1 0–1 0–1 0–0 0–1 0–1 0–1 1–26 0–6 1–6 0–0 0–2 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–0 0–1 0–1 0–0 0–1 0–1 0–1 4–15 0–10 5–37 0–2 3–9 2–4 1–5 0–0 0–0 0–0 0–0 0–0 0–1 0–0 0–0 0–0 0–0 0–0 1–1 6–20 0–5 2–9 2–6 0–0 0–1 1–1 0–1 0–1 0–0 0–0 0–1 1–1 0–1 1–1 0–1 2–11 6–31 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 1–1 0–1 0–7 1–1 8–11 2–10 2–11 12–39 1–2 1–3 1–2 2–3 1–2 1–3 0–1 1–2 0–2 0–2 1–2 1–3 7–15 8–23 35–82 10–21 10–23 1–2 2–2 0–2 1–2 1–2 0–1 0–2 1–3 1–3 1–2 1–4 1–2 7–18 7–16 38–85 11–25 13–26 0–1 1–1 2–2 1–1 1–1 1–1 1–1 1–1 1–1 1–1 1–1 1–1 8–9 8–10 37–42 10–12 11–11 3–9 3–12 4–15 5–15 4–15 3–12 3–11 4–19 5–14 4–11 5–15 5–20 29–98 45–152 43–139 43–143 160–532 Limerick Co Lfrd–Wmeath Louth Mayo Meath East Meath West Rosc–Galway Sligo–Leitrim Tipperary Waterford Wexford Wicklow Total Dublin Rest of Leinster Munster Conn–Ulster Figures (FF), automatically re-elected include outgoing Seán Ó Fearghaíl in Kildare South. They also include one independent candidate who stood in two constituencies and another independent candidate 11 Notes: S–PBP includes 27 People Before Proft (three elected), nine Solidarity (one and one Rise elected) candidates. Others includes 4 Independents 4 Change (one elected), 11 Irish Freedom Party (none elected), 11 Renua 10 National Party (none elected), 1 Irish Democratic Party (none elected),1 United People elected), and 128 Independent (19 elected) candidates Party (none elected), 4 Workers’ 348 Appendices 6361 3703 9632 5742 8269 8058 6646 6617 6644 6039 7940 4696 9163 7815 6298 5684 7754 6892 17,297 10,004 11,156 12,587 16,310 11,848 First preference First preference vote 2020 2 2 3 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 3 2 1 4 2 3 4 1 1 2 1 11 Times Times elected First elected 2007 2016 2011 2020 2016 2016 2016 2020 F1982 2016 2020 2016 2016 2007 2016 2020 2007 2016 2011 2007 2020 2020 2016 2020 áil ­ 65 ­ 73 ­ 67 ­ 75 ­ 89 ­ 90 ­ 63 ­ 53 ­ 82 ­ 60 ­ 65 ­ 64 ­ 77 ­ 66 ­ 66 ­ 77 ­ 65 ­ 75 ­ 80 ­ 57 D

d Date of birth Jun- Sep- Nov- Jun- Jul-73 Jun- Nov- May- Mar- Jul-68 Jan- Oct- Sep- Jun- Aug- Nov- May- Apr- Sep- Jun- Sep- Jul-77 Nov- n/a r 33 the

of

s r be m e Occupation Business owner Journalist Teacher Medical doctor, army ranger Medical doctor, Carpenter Company director Barrister Unknown Economist Builder Solicitor Accountant Retailer Solicitor Farmer Farmer and businesswoman Regional coordinator Chambers Ireland Quantity surveyor, lecturer Publican Accountant Policy advisor Political organiser Medical student Accountant, business owner : M B

Party SF S–PBP S–PBP Ind SF FG FF SF FG SF FG FG FF FF FF SD FF Ind FG FG FG SF FF SF ppendix A TD (constituency) Chris Andrews (Dublin Bay South) Mick Barry (Cork North-Central) (Dún Laoghaire) (Kildare South) John Brady (Wicklow) (Dublin South-West) James Browne (Wexford) Martin Browne (Tipperary) (Dublin Bay North) Pat Buckley (Cork East) (Cork North-Central) (Longford–Westmeath) (Waterford) Thomas Byrne (Meath East) (Tipperary) (Cork South-West) (Mayo) Seán Canney (Galway East) Ciaran Cannon (Galway East) (Clare) Jennifer Carroll MacNeill (Dún Laoghaire) (Cavan–Monaghan) Jack Chambers (Dublin West) (Longford–Westmeath) Appendices 349 ) continued 2831 8436 5439 4041 9327 8677 8338 8705 8355 5715 5198 5467 4181 4961 5447 5499 6213 8464 5338 6085 ( 13,077 11,712 14,633 20,077 20,569 15,733 21,044 12,456 14,375 First preference First preference vote 2020 3 2 4 2 1 1 6 3 7 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 4 1 3 3 1 3 5 3 1 3 3 3 11 Times Times elected First elected 2011 2016 2007 2016 2020 2020 B-1998 2011 1989 2020 2020 2002 2016 2020 2020 2020 B-2010 2020 2011 2011 2020 1981 2011 2002 2011 2020 2007 B-2014 2011 ­ 55 ­ 62 ­ 68 ­ 67 ­ 80 ­ 73 ­ 57 ­ 45 ­ 77 ­ 69 ­ 82 ­ 52 ­ 75 ­ 78 ­ 71 ­ 61 ­ 72 ­ 63 ­ 82 ­ 74 ­ 69 ­ 90 Date of birth Jun- Feb-68 Mar- Nov- Oct- May-80 Jun- Aug- Jun- 1965 Oct- Mar- Jul-74 1970 Aug- Sep- Jul-77 Nov- Feb- Sep- Apr- Mar- Oct- Feb- Dec- Jan- Jul-62 Sep- May- Occupation Clerk, An Post Farmer Accountant, lecturer Barrister Community project leader Social worker Manager of family business Auctioneer Farmer Social worker Teacher Printing operative Car parts manager Solicitor Publishing company employee Company director Civil engineer Community outreach worker Management consultant Sales & marketing director Architect, lecturer Agricultural contractor Television repairman Television Accountant Estate agent Financial services employee Newsagent, businessman Contractor, farmer Contractor, Businessman Party I4C Ind FF Ind SF Green FG FF FG SF FF SF SF SF FF FG SF SF FF FG Green FG SF FG FG SF FG Ind Ind TD (constituency) Joan Collins (Dublin South-Central) Michael Collins (Cork South-West) (Limerick County) (Galway West) Rose Conway–Walsh (Mayo) Rose Conway–Walsh Patrick Costello (Dublin South-Central) (Cork South-Central) (Laois–Offaly) (Cork North-West) Réada Cronin (Kildare North) (Clare) Seán Crowe (Dublin South-West) (Waterford) (Kerry) (Dún Laoghaire) (Mayo) (Donegal) Paul Donnelly (Dublin West) (Wicklow) (Dublin Central) (Dublin South-West) (Kildare North) (Dublin North-West) (Meath West) (Dublin Fingal) Mairéad Farrell (Galway West) Frankie Feighan (Sligo–Leitrim) Michael Fitzmaurice (Roscommon–Galway) (Louth) 350 Appendices 7666 7463 7636 6856 2912 8043 6972 8765 6651 8663 8069 4487 3851 9223 6337 7857 3572 17,493 13,811 10,296 12,652 16,818 12,808 15,035 First preference First preference vote 2020 1 8 6 1 2 1 1 5 3 1 2 3 6 2 3 3 1 1 9 3 5 3 2 2 Times Times elected First elected 2020 1987 1997 2020 2016 2020 2020 2002 2011 2020 2002 2011 1992 2016 2011 2011 2020 2020 1987 2011 2002 2011 2016 2016 ­ 56 ­ 63 ­ 56 ­ 53 ­ 61 ­ 78 ­ 82 ­ 85 ­ 65 ­ 86 ­ 80 ­ 58 ­ 71 ­ 87 ­ 81 ­ 72 ­ 67 ­ 73 Date of birth Jul-69 Nov- Feb- 1970 Apr- Feb- Jul-68 Dec- Mar- Jan-65 Nov- Oct- Nov- Jul-54 Jan- Aug- Mar- Oct- May- May- Jan- Jul-75 Jun- Oct- Occupation Managing director newspaper group Solicitor Accountant Teacher Trade union organiser Trade Career guidance advocate Logistics manager Company director Publican Construction worker Teacher Political aide Student Businessman, contractor Shop and plant hire owner Farmer Senior manager PayPal Architect, lecturer Teacher Credit union manager Sales representative Semi-state e-business manager Care assistant Community project coordinator Party FF FG FF FF SF SD SF Ind FG SF Ind FG FF Ind Ind FG FG Green Lab FG FG Lab S–PBP SF TD (constituency) Joe Flaherty (Longford–Westmeath) Charlie Flanagan (Laois–Offaly) Seán Fleming (Laois–Offaly) (Kerry) (Carlow–Kilkenny) (Dublin Central) Thomas Gould (Cork North-Central) (Galway West) Brendan Griffn (Kerry) (Meath West) (Sligo–Leitrim) Simon Harris (Wicklow) Seán Haughey (Dublin Bay North) Danny Healy-Rae (Kerry) Michael Healy-Rae (Kerry) (Kildare South) (Dublin Mid-West) (Dublin Central) (Wexford) (Cavan–Monaghan) (Wexford) (Tipperary) (Dublin Mid-West) (Sligo–Leitrim) (continued) Appendices 351 ) continued 8003 5503 7029 3252 3902 8347 7691 9321 9236 7621 7332 7004 6482 8958 5634 9628 8651 9351 9808 6346 4477 ( 14,802 11,223 10,558 13,891 11,023 21,344 17,203 First preference First preference vote 2020 1 2 2 1 9 1 3 3 3 4 4 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 8 1 2 2 6 2 1 4 3 3 Times Times elected First elected 2020 2016 2016 2020 1987 2020 2011 2011 B-2013 2007 2007 1997 2007 2011 2011 2016 2016 2016 1989 2020 2016 2016 1997 2016 2020 B-2005 2011 B-2013 ­ 69 ­ 69 ­ 66 ­ 76 ­ 76 ­ 76 ­ 60 ­ 54 ­ 55 ­ 74 ­ 72 ­ 77 ­ 67 ­ 77 ­ 68 ­ 92 ­ 82 ­ 83 ­ 86 ­ 58 ­ 73 ­ 53 ­ 80 ­ 68 Date of birth Apr- Nov-64 Aug- Jan- Mar- Feb- Oct- May- Jun- Sep- Aug- Mar- Jul-71 Jun- Mar- Jul-73 May- Dec- Aug- Jul-70 Nov- Oct- Jan- Feb- May- Sep- Apr- Apr- Occupation Political advisor Psychotherapist Barrister Engineer Company director Communications executive Farmer, political organiser Farmer, Productivity consultant Political aide, bank employee Plant hire contractor Accountant Transport company director Teacher Community activist, campaigner Barrister, farmer Barrister, Estate agent Solicitor Teacher Teacher Irish Rail signal engineer Shop steward Engineer Farmer Optician shop assistant Shop assistant Clerical worker Speechwriter Political aide to MEP Party SF FF FF Green Ind FF FF SF FG Ind FF FF FG SF Ind FF FG Green FF Green SF FF FF SF FF SD FG S–PBP TD (constituency) (Roscommon–Galway) (Dublin South-West) James Lawless (Kildare North) (Limerick City) (Tipperary) Paul McAuliffe (Dublin North-West) Charlie McConalogue (Donegal) Mary Lou McDonald (Dublin Central) Helen McEntee (Meath East) Mattie McGrath (Tipperary) Michael McGrath (Cork South-Central) John McGuinness (Carlow–Kilkenny) Joe McHugh (Donegal) Pádraig MacLochlainn (Donegal) Michael McNamara (Clare) Marc MacSharry (Sligo–Leitrim) Joespha Madigan (Dublin Rathdown) Catherine Martin (Dublin Rathdown) Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central) (Wicklow) (Dublin Bay North) (Cork North-West) Michael Moynihan (Cork North-West) (Louth) Jennifer Murnane O’Connor (Carlow–Kilk) Catherine Murphy (Kildare North) (Dublin Bay South) Paul Murphy (Dublin South-West) 352 Appendices — 5825 5824 8422 5609 5436 4942 8400 6229 5474 3996 7026 8522 9198 6589 6021 9228 6380 4901 18,717 10,111 11,842 14,057 12,491 15,792 First preference First preference vote 2020 1 1 2 6 2 2 1 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 7 3 1 3 5 5 1 2 1 2 11 Times Times elected First elected 2020 2020 2011 1997 2016 2016 2020 2007 B-2019 2016 2020 2016 2020 2020 1996 F1982 2007 2020 2011 2002 2002 2020 2016 2020 2016 ­ 77 ­ 78 ­ 77 ­ 79 ­ 63 ­ 70 ­ 78 ­ 52 ­ 75 ­ 77 ­ 81 ­ 89 ­ 60 ­ 73 ­ 66 ­ 72 ­ 97 ­ 50 ­ 48 ­ 73 ­ 68 ­ 77 Date of birth Oct-71 May-58 Dec- Jun- May- May- Sep- Jul-74 May- Sep- May- Jan- Jan- Jun- Jun- Nov- May- May- Mar- Sep- Apr- Dec- Feb- May- Sep- Occupation Head of road haulage organisation ESB Technician Public relations consultant Research scientist Teacher School principal Graphic designer, Graphic designer, horticulturalist Insurance frm manager Integration policy offcer Policy advisor Political organiser Senior Counsel Teacher Student, political aide Cooperative manager Accountant, barrister Accountant Building contractor Teacher Teacher Farmer Lecturer DCU Political aide Political aide Trade unionist Trade Party Ind SF Lab Ind FG Ind Green FF Green SF SD FF Green FF FF FF FG Ind FG FG FF Green SF SF SF TD (constituency) (Wexford) Verona (Wexford) (Louth) (Roscommon–Galway) (Galway West) (Laois–Offaly) (Carlow–Kilkenny) Darragh O’Brien (Dublin Fingal) Joe O’Brien (Dublin Fingal) Eoin Ó Broin (Dublin Mid-West) Cian O’Callaghan (Dublin Bay North) Jim O’Callaghan (Dublin Bay South) Marc Ó Cathasaigh (Waterford) James O’Connor (Cork East) Éamon Ó Cuív (Galway West) Willie O’Dea (Limerick City) Kieran O’Donnell (Limerick City) Richard O’Donoghue (Limerick County) Patrick O’Donovan (Limerick County) Fergus O’Dowd (Louth) Fergus Seán Ó Fearghaíl (KildareSeán Ó Fearghaíl South) Roderic O’Gorman (Dublin West) Donnchadh Ó Laoghaire (Cork SC) Ruairí Ó Murchú (Louth) Louise O’Reilly (Dublin Fingal) (continued) Appendices 353 ) continued 8127 6262 8158 6396 5472 5762 6743 8888 4990 6610 6124 7354 4753 4513 5745 9300 6143 7322 9331 ( 10,223 17,015 11,006 14,796 10,155 16,654 First preference First preference vote 2020 2 1 5 1 2 3 3 2 2 1 7 4 1 1 4 7 7 2 1 2 1 3 6 3 3 Times Times elected First elected 2011 2020 2002 2020 B-2019 2011 2011 2016 2016 2020 B-1994 2002 2020 2020 2007 1992 1992 2016 2020 2016 2020 2011 1997 2011 2011 ­ 84 ­ 83 ­ 71 ­ 67 ­ 64 ­ 67 ­ 83 ­ 53 ­ 72 ­ 70 ­ 57 ­ 54 ­ 78 ­ 80 ­ 78 ­ 64 ­ 56 ­ 61 ­ 74 ­ 61 ­ 82 Date of birth Jul-76 Jun- Aug- Jun-82 May- Sep- Aug- Nov- Oct- Mar- Dec- Jul-63 Mar-63 Jun- Dec- Apr- Jun- Sep- May- Apr- May- Jan- Feb- Jun- Jan- Occupation School principal Medical scientist Teacher Whale-watching guide Teacher Barrister Water treatment plant Water manager Travel agency manager Travel Financial advisor Political aide, project manager Auctioneer Environmental consultant Shop steward Marketing consultant Political aide Teacher of the deaf Teacher Ministerial advisor Trade unionist Trade Parliamentary assistant, student Arts and Education Offcer Project manager in hospital Truck driver, builder driver, Truck Teacher Management consultant Postmaster Party Lab SF SF FF FF FG Ind SF FF FG FG Green SF Ind Lab SD FF S–PBP Lab FF Green SF FG Aontú FF TD (constituency) Aodhán Ó Ríordáin (Dublin Bay North) Darren O’Rourke (Meath East) Aengus Ó Snodaigh (Dublin South-Central) Christopher O’Sullivan (Cork South-West) Pádraig O’Sullivan (Cork North-Central) (Carlow–Kilkenny) Thomas Pringle (Donegal) (Limerick City) (Galway East) (Dublin Rathdown) (Mayo) (Dublin Bay South) Patricia Ryan (Kildare South) Matt Shanahan (Waterford) Seán Sherlock (Cork East) Róisín Shortall (Dublin North-West) Brendan Smith (Cavan–Monaghan) Bríd Smith (Dublin South-Central) Duncan Smith (Dublin Fingal) (Cavan–Monaghan) (Dún Laoghaire) Brian Stanley (Laois–Offaly) (Cork East) Peadar Tóibín (Meath West) Peadar Tóibín Robert (Longford–Westmeath) Troy 354 Appendices

8478 7621 7039 8987 10,166 First preference First preference vote 2020 1 4 2 1 1 Times Times elected First elected 2020 2007 B-2019 2020 2020 ­ 79 Date of birth n/a Jan- 1975 Jul-74 1988 Nealon’s Guide to the 33rd Dáil and 26th Seanad Nealon’s Guide to the 33rd The Irish Times Occupation Teacher Medical doctor Behavioural therapist Policy analyst Home help provider Party SF FG SF SD SF volumes, newspapers, personal enquiries, and Tim Ryan (ed.), How Ireland Voted How Ireland TD (constituency) (Cavan–Monaghan) Pauline Tully (Dublin West) Leo Varadkar (Dublin Mid-West) Mark Ward (Wicklow) Violet-Anne Wynne (Clare)Violet-Anne Wynne (continued) Source: previous (Dublin: Grand Canal Publishing, 2020) Notes: Most TDs arepublic representatives. full-time the occupations given here For such TDs, are those previously followed. Eoghan Murphy resigned his seat on 27 April 2021 was returnedSeán Ó Fearghaíl automatically as the outgoing Ceann Comhairle There were two general elections in 1982, February (F) and November (N). ‘B-’ indicates that the deputy was frst elected at a by-election Appendices 355

Appendix C: The Government and Ministers of State A government was elected by the Dáil on 27 June 2020, 140 days after election day. It consisted of ministers from Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, and the . Micheál Martin’s nomination as was supported by 93 TDs: 37 Fianna Fáil, 35 Fine Gael, 12 Green Party, plus independents Cathal Berry, Peter Fitzpatrick, Noel Grealish, Marian Harkin, Michael Lowry, Michael McNamara, Verona Murphy, Richard O’Donoghue, and Matt Shanahan. It was opposed by 63 TDs. Three independents (TDs Mattie McGrath, Denis Naughten, and Carol Nolan) abstained on the vote. The government subsequently appointed was:

Micheál Martin FF Taoiseach Leo Varadkar FG Tánaiste and Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment Simon Coveney FG Minister for Foreign Affairs and Minister for Defence Barry Cowen FF Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine (replaced by Dara Calleary on 15 July, in turn replaced by Charlie McConalogue on 2 September) Stephen Donnelly FF Minister for Health Paschal Donohoe FG Minister for Finance Norma Foley FF Minister for Education Simon Harris FG Minister for Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science Heather Humphreys FG Minister for Social Protection and Minister for Rural and Community Development Helen McEntee FG Minister for Justice Michael McGrath FF Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform Catherine Martin Grn Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media Darragh O’Brien FF Minister for Housing, Local Government and Roderic O’Gorman Grn Minister for Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth Eamon Ryan Grn Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications, and Minister for Transport (Paul Gallagher Attorney General)

Ministers of state, their departments, and areas of special responsibility Dara Calleary FF Taoiseach (Government Chief Whip); Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media—replaced by Jack Chambers on 15 July Colm Brophy FG Foreign Affairs (Overseas Development Aid, Diaspora) (continued) 356 Appendices

(continued)

Peter Burke FG Housing, Local Government and Heritage (Local Government and Planning) Mary Butler FF Health (Mental Health, Older People) Thomas Byrne FF Taoiseach, Foreign Affairs (European Affairs) Jack Chambers FF Finance (Financial Services, Credit Unions and Insurance)—replaced by Seán Fleming (FF) on 15 July Niall Collins FF Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science (Skills and Further Education) Damien English FG Enterprise, Trade and Employment (Employment Affairs, Retail Businesses) FG Health (Public Health, Well Being, National Drugs Strategy) Grn Agriculture, Food and the Marine (Land Use and Biodiversity) Martin Heydon FG Agriculture, Food and the Marine (Research and Development, Farm Safety, New Market Development) Charlie McConalogue FF Justice (Law Reform)—replaced by James Browne on 3 September FG Education (Special Education and Inclusion) Hildegarde Naughton FG Transport (International and Road Transport and Logistics); Environment, Climate and Communications (Postal Policy and Eircodes) Malcolm Noonan Grn Housing, Local Government and Heritage (Heritage and Electoral Reform) Joe O’Brien Grn Social Protection; Rural and Community Development (Community Development and Charities) Patrick O’Donovan FG Public Expenditure and Reform (Offce of Public Works) Anne Rabbitte FF Health; Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth (Disability) Ossian Smyth Grn Public Expenditure and Reform (Public Procurement and eGovernment) FF Enterprise, Trade and Employment (Trade Promotion) Appendices 357

Appendix D: The Electoral System Ireland uses proportional representation by the (PR-STV) as its electoral system for Dáil, Seanad, local, and elections. PR-STV is a relatively rare electoral system, with Malta being the only other country that employs it for national elections to the lower house of parliament, although it is also used for elections to the Australian Senate and to the Northern Irish Assembly. All citizens of Ireland and the who are resident in Ireland are entitled to vote. For the 2020 election the country was divided into 39 constituencies, with the district magnitude of these constituencies varying between three and fve seats. Article 16.2.6° of Bunreacht na hÉireann (the Irish Constitution) states that the minimum district magnitude is three, but it does not state a maximum district magnitude. However, since 1948 no constituency has had a district magnitude greater than fve. In 2020, there were 9 three-seat constituencies, 17 four-seat constituencies, and 13 fve-­ seat constituencies, returning 160 deputies, one of these being the Ceann Comhairle (), who is deemed automatically re-elected. The ballot paper is arranged in alphabetical order by candidate sur- name, with each candidate’s name accompanied by their photograph, party label (if applicable), address, and usually their occupation. Independents may use the designation ‘non-party’. Candidates are able to describe their occupation as they wish, and many state this as ‘public rep- resentative’ or provide a description that conveys little about their previ- ous career. Voters rank order candidates, writing ‘1’ next to the most preferred candidate, ‘2’ next to their second choice, and so on. The voter needs only to provide a frst preference for the vote to be rendered valid and can provide preferences for as many or as few candidates as they desire. Voters are free to vote across party lines and can use whatever criteria they like as their basis for ranking the candidates. Polling stations were open from 7:00 AM to 10:00 PM, with voting before the day restricted to those living on offshore islands and those few entitled to postal ballots. A candidate is deemed elected if their number of votes equals the Droop quota in any of the counts. The Droop quote is calculated as the smallest integer greater than the result of dividing the total number of votes cast by the number of seats in the constituency plus one. For example, in a fve-­ seat constituency where 60,000 votes were cast, the quota would be (60,000 / (5 + 1)) + 1 = 10,001. This quota is the minimum number of votes that only fve candidates can attain. 358 Appendices

Rather than beginning to count immediately after polls close, the ballot boxes are taken to a count centre, and the count begins at 9:00 AM the following day. The constituency returning offcer announces the result at the end of each stage of the counting process. If a candidate exceeds the quota on that count, they are deemed elected, and their surplus votes (i.e., the number of votes they had over and above the quota) are calculated and distributed according to the proportion of second preferences marked for each of the remaining candidates. If no candidate reaches the quota, the candidate with the lowest number of votes is eliminated, and each of their votes is distributed according to the next preference marked on the ballot. This process continues until all seats are flled, either by candidates reach- ing the quota or by it becoming mathematically impossible for the highest-­ placed candidate under the quota to be overtaken (see ‘Further reading’ below for a full explanation of how the electoral system operates). In 2020, the shortest count was Cork North-West (5 stages) and the longest were Sligo–Leitrim and Wicklow (both had 15 stages). Candidates whose total vote reached a quarter of a quota at any point in the count may claim back expenses, to a maximum of €8700. The transfer of votes is the distinctive feature of PR-STV, allowing vot- ers to convey detailed information on their preferences, unconstrained by any criteria, including party lines. This feature enables us to examine many factors that are otherwise diffcult to measure, including how close parties are to each other in the minds of voters, and how important voters regard non-party candidate characteristics such as geography or gender.

Further Reading Department of Housing, Planning, and Local Government, A Guide to Ireland’s PR-STV Voting System, available online at https://www.hous- ing.gov.ie/sites/default/fles/publications/fles/pr-­stv_guide.pdf. Farrell, David M. and Sinnott, Richard, ‘The electoral system’, pp. 89–110 in John Coakley and Michael Gallagher (eds.), Politics in the , 6th ed (Abingdon: Routledge and PSAI Press, 2018). Gallagher, Michael, ‘Ireland: The discreet charm of PR-STV’, pp. 511–32 in Michael Gallagher and Paul Mitchell (eds.), The Politics of Electoral Systems (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008). Appendices 359

Appendix E: Retirements and Defeated Incumbents from the 32nd Dáil Members of the 32nd Dáil who did not contest the election to the 33rd Dáil

Gerry Adams Louth SF Dún Laoghaire FG Seán Barrett Dún Laoghaire FG Dublin Bay North I4C Cork South-West FG John Deasy Waterford FG Kerry SF John Halligan Waterford Ind Michael Harty Clare Ind Mayo FG Tony McLoughlin Sligo–Leitrim FG Finian McGrath Dublin Bay North Ind Dara Murphya Cork North-Central FG Michael Noonan Limerick City FG Jonathan O’Brien Cork North-Central SF Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin Cavan–Monaghan SF Maureen O’Sullivan Dublin Central Ind Longford–Westmeath Lab Brendan Ryan Dublin Fingal Lab aMurphy had resigned his seat in December 2019, and it was vacant at the time of the 2020 general election

Members of the 32nd Dáil who were defeated at the 2020 election

Bobby Aylward Carlow–Kilkenny FF John Brassil Kerry FF Declan Breathnach Louth FF Clare FG Dublin West Lab Catherine Byrne Dublin South-Central FG Wexford FF Wicklow FF Meath West FF Mayo FF Dublin West S–PBP Marcella Corcoran–Kennedy Laois–Offaly FG John Curran Dublin Mid-West FF Michael D’Arcy Wexford FG Carlow–Kilkenny FG Meath East FG

(continued) 360 Appendices

(continued)

Timmy Dooley Clare FF Andrew Doyle Wicklow FG Pat ‘the Cope’ Gallagher Donegal FF Séamus Healy Tipperary Ind Seán Kyne Galway West FG Mary Mitchell O’Connor Dún Laoghaire FG Kevin ‘Boxer’ Moran Longford–Westmeath Ind Roscommon–Galway FF Margaret Murphy O’Mahony Cork South-West FF Tom Neville Limerick County FG Kate O’Connell Dublin Bay South FG Kevin O’Keeffe Cork East FF Fiona O’Loughlin Kildare South FF Frank O’Rourke Kildare North FF Jan O’Sullivan Limerick City Lab Dublin North-West FG Dublin Rathdown Ind Éamon Scanlon Sligo–Leitrim FF Dublin South-West Ind Index1

A Aontú, xxii, 14, 64, 66, 81, 180, Abortion, xxii, 12, 13, 81, 82, 180, 195n7, 252n22, 287, 313 220, 241, 252n22, 263–265, Ascher, William, 336n4 269, 270, 281 Askitas, Nikos, 134n17 Action from Ireland (Afri), 102 Asylum seekers, 312 Adams, Gerry, 14, 72, 74, 188, 203, Australia, 158, 159 243, 244, 253n29 , 37, 322, 335n2 Age Aylward, Bobby, 188 of ministers, 188, 316 of TDs, 140, 192 and voting, 100, 226–228, B 230–231, 249 Bacik, Ivana, 80, 89, 289 Agriculture, 119, 132, 277, 311 Bailey, Maria, 2, 51, 82, 144 Ahern, Ciarán, 57 Ballot access, 43 Ahern, Michael, 141, 142 Barnier, Michel, 97 Anderson, Christopher J., 251n16 Barrett, Alan, 108n1 Andersson, Staffan, 336n7 Barrett, David, 68n11 Anduiza, Eva, 252n24 Barrett, Seán, 188 Anti-Austerity Alliance (AAA), Belgium, 46, 167, 302, 326 5, 59, 179 Bergin, Adele, 109n17 Anti-Corruption Ireland, 105 Bergman, Torbjörn, 336n7 Anti-semitism, 330 Berry, Cathal, 210, 211, 313, 355

1 Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refer to notes.

© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature 361 Switzerland AG 2021 M. Gallagher et al. (eds.), How Ireland Voted 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66405-3 362 INDEX

Betting market, 185–188, 195n14 C Bhansali, R. J., 252n27 Cahillane, Laura, 294n33 Bicameralism, 276 Cairns, Holly, 179, 187 Black, Frances, 286, 287 Calleary, Dara, xxvi, 182, 307, Black and Tans, xix, 83 308, 315 Blake, Jenny, 59 Candidates , 331 background of, 46, 60–67 Bochel, John, 68n8 campaigning techniques, Bowler, John, 64 135–163, 198–203 Boyd Barrett, Richard, 81, 184 fates, 168–171, 185–188 Brandenburg, Heinz, 133n4 political views of, 255–273 Bray, Jennifer, 319n11 selection of (Dáil), 41–69, 197, 280 Brazil, 167 selection of (Seanad), 278–281 Breathnach, Declan, 202, 205 and vote choice, 245–247 , vi, xx, xxi, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, Cappella, Joseph, 132n3 17–19, 24, 33, 72, 73, 78, 79, Carbon emissions, 298, 307, 308, 311 82–84, 93–107, 125, 131, 132, Carbon tax, 308, 311 185, 221, 232, 235–238, Carkoglu, Ali, 252n24 248, 311 Carrigy, Micheál, 182 Broadband, 78 Carroll, John, 307 Browne, Martin, 172 Carroll, Lewis, 337n14 Brubaker, Rogers, 338n22 Carroll MacNeill, Jennifer, 50, 52, Bruton, John, 65, 318, 326 144–149, 187, 189 Bruton, Richard, 65, 189, 216, Carswell, Simon, 338n30 217n12, 308 Carty, R. Kenneth, 42, 67, 68n2, 193, Buckley, Fiona, 68n4, 196n17, 196n19, 337n11, 338n20 196n18, 339n35 Casey, Peter, 14, 45, 152, 272n4 Bulgaria, 37 Cassells, Shane, 188 Burke, Colm, 189 Ceann Comhairle (speaker of Dáil), Burke, Peter, 182 xxiii, 7, 45, 167, 188, 195, 302, Burton, Joan, 4, 57, 80, 150, 153, 303, 357 177, 189 Cervical Check, 79 Butler, Mary, 142 Chambers, Jack, 48, 150, 153, Buttimer, Jerry, 99 308, 315 By-elections, 16–18, 52, 54, 58, 59, Chambers, Lisa, 285 69n13, 75, 80, 143, 150, 176, Charleton, Peter, 9, 11, 12 178, 180, 189, 220, 354 Chiaramonte, Alessandro, 336n5 Byrne, Claire, 268 Childcare, 88, 119, 132, 148, 160, Byrne, James, 66, 202 235, 237 Byrne, Malcolm, 189, 285, 292 Chubb, Basil, 144 Byrne, Maria, 99 Citizens’ Assembly, 12, 13 Byrne, Thomas, 66 Civil war, vi, 184, 317, 331, 335 INDEX 363

Clarke, Sorca, 172 Coveney, Simon, xx, 7, 10, 11, 19, 73, Clarke, Vivienne, 295n49 82, 97, 99, 307, 308 Class, and voting, 4, 78, 99, 172, 203, Covid-19, viii, xxiv, 23, 72, 157, 214–216, 220, 226, 228–230, 272n6, 275, 277, 284, 290, 233, 249 295n51, 302, 304–306, 308, Clifford, Michael, 20n15 311–313, 316, 327, 335 Clifford-Lee, Lorraine, 290 Cowen, Barry, xxvi, 212, 308, Climate action, 3, 5, 12, 76, 84, 88, 315, 316 120, 132, 176, 235–237, 249, Cowen, Brian, 141 256, 267 Craughwell, Gerard, 156, 157, 281 Coakley, John, 101, 109n25, 111n40, Crime, 26, 132, 235, 267, 268, 271, 194n5, 210, 217n9, 294, 312, 330 295, 335–337 Cronin, Réada, 172 Cóir, 102 Crowe, Cathal, 19 Collins, James, 207–209 Cullinane, David, 75 Collins, Joan, 170 Cunningham, Kevin, 251 Collins, Michael (Cork), 2 Cunningham, Paul, 319n19 Collins, Michael (Limerick), Curran, John, 188 49, 205–207 Curran, Tom, 49 Collins, Niall, 49, 205 Currie, Austin, 65 Conama, John Bosco, 286 Currie, Emer, 65, 153, 290 Confdence and supply, v, xx, 1, 2, 6, Cuzán, Alfred, 319n20 7, 25, 27, 29–34, 38, 72, 78, 96, Cycling, 311 97, 116, 125, 126, 136, 248, 249, 298, 299 Conlon, Anna, 308 D Connolly, Eileen, 109n20 Dáil Éireann Connolly, Ger, 212 background of members, 188–192 Conservative Party, 96, 241 functioning of, 1–2, 8, 24–25, 31 , 45, 47, size, 45, 195n6, 357 195n6, 209–212 Dáil reform, 7–8 Constitution, xxi, 6, 13, 20n14, 39n9, Daly, Clare, 16, 81 82, 177, 220, 264, 276, 277, Daly, Jim, 188 279, 288, 289, 301, 314, 315, Daly, Mark, 285 319n18, 326, 327, 357 D’Arcy, Michael, 49 Cooper, Matt, 162 Däubler, Thomas, 337n18 Coppinger, Ruth, 81, 150, 152, 153, de Valera, Éamon, 65, 331, 338n29 179, 215, 289 De Winter, Lieven, 68n9, 68n10 Corcoran–Kennedy, Marcella, 212 Dearey, Mark, 204 Coronavirus, see Covid-19 Debates on television, xx–xxii, 85, 86, Costello, Joe, 155, 177 89–90, 114, 118, 124–125, 222, Costello, Rory, 39n5, 250n5 265, 299, 318n1 Courts, xxvi, 12, 91n15, 123, 279 Democratic Left, 180 364 INDEX

Democratic Unionist Party Economy (DUP), 5, 95 record of, 18 Denmark, 110n32, 167, 168 and voting behaviour, 231–234, 248 Denver, David, 68n8 Education, 119, 126, 149, 203, 219, Deposit (by candidates), 43 220, 230, 231, 288 Disproportionality, 167, 168 Electoral commission, 147 District magnitude, 167, 357 Electoral system, 46, 147, 172, 181, Dobson, Bryan ‘Dobbo,’ 153 203, 247, 282, 324, 357–358 Dodeigne, Jérémy, 68n9 Elkink, Johan A., 21n26, Doherty, Pat, 136 251n20, 251n21 Doherty, Pearse, 75, 124, 126, Emanuele, Vincenzo, 336n5 200, 303 English, Richard, 338n29 Doherty, Regina, 82, 175, 189, 290 Enli, Gunn Sara, 133n12 Dolan, Aisling, 290 Ennser-Jedenastik, Laurenz, 320n26 Dolan, John, 279 Enright, Olwyn, 49 Donnelly, Paul, 150–152, 189, 215 Environmentalism, 5, 98, 160, 161, Donnelly, Stephen, 80, 161, 179, 316 238, 241, 266, 267, 270 Donohoe, Paschal, 10, 49, 82, 90, 308 Ersson, Svante, 336n7 Dooge, James, 316 European Parliament elections, 15–17, Dooley, Timmy, 171, 188, 279, 51, 54, 55, 72, 74, 76, 78, 123, 285, 290 130, 139, 143, 151, 175, 176, Dorgan, Seán, 78 179, 193, 220, 300, 357 Dowling, Eva, 289 European People’s Party, 82–83, 328 Doyle, John, 109n20 European Social Survey (ESS), Doyle, Kevin, vii, 20n11, 39n4 239, 250n7 Doyle, Maggie, 295n47 European United Left, 328 Droop quota, 169, 186, 357 , 94, 101, 102, Drugs, 267–269 104–105, 180 Dubsky, Karin, 55 Expenses, electoral, 169, 170, 176, Duffy, Deirdre, 50, 51 178, 180, 187, 196, 358 Duffy, Francis Noel, 66 Duffy, Gavin, 14 Duffy, Rónán, 134n21 F Duggan, Alan, 22n29 Facebook, 114, 122–126, 131, Dukes, Alan, 314 133n16, 144, 151, 162 Durkan, Bernard, 189, 192 Family links in politics, 65, 66, 192 Farmers, 60, 61, 63, 67, 99, 191, 229, 307, 308 E Farrell, Alan, 8 Eberl, Jakob-Moritz, 133n16 Farrell, David M., 20n13, 21n23, Economic and Social Research 21n26, 68n11, 194n2, 250n6, Institute (ESRI), 95 252n24, 337n16, 339n35, 358 INDEX 365

Farrell, Mairéad, 135–139, 172 Finn, Orla, 159 Farrell, Mel, 293n3 Fitzgerald, Frances, 6, 11, 16, 40n20, Farrelly, Jim, viii 43, 51, 56, 81, 91n15 Feighan, Frankie, 51 FitzGerald, Garret, 317 Ferguson, Amanda, 111n44 Fitzgibbon, John, 102 Fernandes, Jorge M., 39n2 Fitzpatrick, Mary, 290 Fianna Fáil Fitzpatrick, Peter, 13, 40n20, 204, bases of support, 219–254, 330–331 313, 355 candidate selection, 47–49, 67, 174 Flaherty, Joe, 182 in election campaign, 77–79, 84–88, Flanagan, Charles, 65, 212 90, 113–132, 255–270 Flanagan, Luke ‘Ming, 16 election results, 49, 165–170, Flanagan, Oliver J., 65 173–175, 325–326 Flanagan, Pauline, 212, 213 European Parliament group, 328 Flynn, Eileen, 156, 157, 287, 290 and government formation, xx, Fragmentation of party system, 25, xxiii–xxvi, 5, 86, 90, 166–167, 171, 189, 297, 301, 297–320, 332 317, 322, 324, 335 inter-election developments, Frampton, Martyn, 110n31 1–22, 77–79 France, 323, 327 manifesto, xx, 222, 292, 311 Fraser, Martin, 303, 305 pledge fulflment, 25, 27–30 Freeman, Joan, 14 and Seanad election, 280–291 Freyne, Patrick, 273n22 Field, Luke, 21n25, 273n14 Fine Gael bases of support, 215–216, G 219–254, 330–331 Gallagher, Michael, 20n5, 68, 69, candidate selection, 49–52 194–196, 216n1, 217n11, in election campaign, 81–88, 252n24, 293, 324, 336–338, 358 113–132, 255–270 Gallagher, Pat ‘the Cope,’ xix election results, 52, 165–170, Gallagher, Seán, 14 175–176, 325–326 Galligan, Yvonne, 68n4, 196n17, European Parliament group, 328 196n18, 339n35 and government formation, Gamson, William A., 133n8 xxiii–xxv, 5, 86–87, 90, Gannon, Gary, 179 297–320, 332 Garry, John, 250n6, 337n15, 339n36 inter-election developments, Garvey, Róisín, 290 1–22, 81–83 Gavan, Paul, 157, 158 manifesto, xx, 97, 222, 292 Gender quotas, 43–44, 48–50, 53, 57, pledge fulflment, 25, 27, 28, 30, 64, 66, 67, 68n5, 170, 190, 191 37, 38, 40n19 Geography and voting, 46, 142–144, and Seanad election, 280–291 162, 182–183, 185, 197–216 Finland, 167, 168, 326 Germany, 256, 322, 326, 336n2 366 INDEX

Gezgor, Burcu, 68n6 Harris, Simon, 2, 10, 161, 236, 316 Gibney, Sinéad, 59 Harrison, M. J., 252n27 Gillane, Deirdre, 307 Harty, Michael, 6, 81 Glenn, Alice, 69n16 Haughey, Charles J., 65 Gogarty, Paul, 75 Haughey, Seán, 65 , 95, 105 Haughton, Jonathan, 110n37 Goodhart, Charles A., 252n27 Hayes, Paul, 279, 293n11 Google Trends, 114, 123, 131 Hayward, Katy, 103, 110n34, 337n13 Gould, Thomas, 53 Hazan, Reuven Y., 46, 68n12 Government formation, xix–xxvi, 5, Health, xx, xxi, 3, 5, 18, 23, 73, 75, 56, 85–87, 90, 106, 167, 193, 78–80, 83–85, 88, 89, 99, 297–320, 326–328, 332 119–121, 125, 131, 161, Graber, Doris A., 132n2 235–238, 248, 269, 306, 312, Grealish, Noel, 313, 355 316, 317 Greece, 322, 326, 335n2 , 9 Green Party Healy, Michelle, 289 bases of support, 215–216, 219–254 Healy-Rae, Danny, 66, 199 candidate selection, 54–56, 61–65 Healy-Rae, Michael, 66, 199, 207 in election campaign, 54, 76–77, Hearne, Rory, 289 88, 255–270 Hennessy, Michelle, 318n5 election results, 165–169, 176–177 Heydon, Martin, 303 and government formation, xix– Higgins, Alice-Mary, 289 xxvi, 297–320 Higgins, Emer, 76 inter-election developments, 2, 5, Higgins, Michael D., 1, 11, 14, 74, 84 15–17, 19, 76 Hobolt, Sarah, 251n13, 252n24 manifesto, xx, 292 Hoey, Annie, 57 pledge fulflment, 28 Hogan, Phil, xxi, 97, 108n6 and Seanad election, 280–291 Holland, Kitty, 295n45 Griffn, Rosarii, 141 Holt, Kristoffer, 133n11 Groves, Martin, 279 Hope, James, 64 Gudgin, Graham, 208 Hopkins, Maura, 51 Hosford, Paul, 320n34 Hourigan, Neasa, 308 H Housing, xx, 3, 5, 10, 18–19, 72, 73, Hackett, Pippa, 213, 291, 316 75, 78–80, 83–85, 88, 91n7, 99, Hahn, Kyu S., 132n2 119–121, 125, 126, 148, 161, Halligan, John, 81, 188 203, 220, 221, 226, 231, Hanafn, Mary, 48 235–237, 248, 265–267, 270, Hare quota, 195n7 271, 282, 306, 311, 312, Harkin, Marian, 51, 313, 314, 355 316, 329 Harmon, Laura, 289 Howlin, Brendan, xxi, xxii, 4, 31, 79, Harrington, Joseph, 40n16 87, 88, 98, 301, 303 Harris, Clodagh, 21n23 Humphreys, Heather, 84, 308 INDEX 367

I Joyce, James, 25 Identifability of government Judicial Appointments legislation, 6 options, 193–194 Immigration, 104, 120, 132, 180, 220, 236, 237 K Income, and voting, 203, 220, 226, Kaltwassert, Cristóbal, 252n23 230, 249 Kavanagh, Adrian, 217n3, 275 Independent Alliance, 3, 5, 6, Kelleher, Billy, 16, 84, 142, 143 32, 81, 180 Kelly, Alan, xxiv, 79, 80, 178, 306 Independent candidates, xix, xx, xxii, Kelly, Fiach, 21n18 5, 42, 43, 51, 52, 59–61, 65, 66, Kennedy, Ciara, 57 81, 122, 180–181, 194n4, 197, Kennedy, Fiachra, 110n29 206, 210–211, 223, 226, Kenny, Enda, 1, 5–10, 12, 72, 104, 245–248, 272n4, 272n11, 141, 188, 243 280–284, 287, 290, 291, Kenny, Martin, 54 328, 347 Kenny, Pat, 86 Independents 4 Change, 5, 16, Keogan, Sharon, 281, 287 194n4, 343 Kinsella, Stephen, xx, 22n37 Independent TDs, 2–6, 15, 25, Kirk, Niamh, 132n1 32–34, 38, 40n20, 72, 83, 106, Klüver, Heike, 319n20 170, 173, 185, 189, 190, 205, Kriesi, Hanspeter, 251n13 305, 307, 313, 314, 355 Kyne, Seán, xxiv, 286 Index of Coalition Diffculty, 301–302 Inequality, 238, 239, 241, 263, 264, 270, 271 L Irish Freedom Party, 64, 104, Laakso, Markku, 167, 194n4, 336n6 180, 343 Irish Nationalist Party, 330 bases of support, 178, 219–254 Irish National Platform, 102 candidate selection, 56, 57, 59, 66, Irish Republican Army (IRA), xix, 89, 154, 281 118, 297, 331–335, 338n29 in election campaign, 54, 79–80, Irish , 5, 94, 98, 100, 106, 107, 88, 98, 255–270 238, 239, 241 election results, 154, 166–167, Israel, 167, 302, 314 169, 177–178 Italy, 37, 167, 257, 326 European Parliament group, 101 Iyengar, Shanto, 132n2 and government formation, xxii, xxiv, 297, 299–301, 303, 306 inter-election developments, J 4, 79–80 Jamieson, Kathleen, 132n3 manifesto, xxi, 98 Johnson, Boris, 96, 235 and Seanad election, vi, 153–158, Johnston, Ron, 217n6 178, 281–287, 291 Johnston, Samuel A. T., 22n33 Labour Party (Britain), 241 368 INDEX

Laffan, Brigid, 104 MacKuen, Michael B., 133n14 Laffoy, Mary, 12 MacLochlainn, Pádraig, 200 Lally, Conor, 273n19 MacNeill, Hugo, 289 Laver, Michael, 319n17, 337n10 McQuinn, Cormac, 273n20, Leahy, John, 212, 213 318n1, 320n28 Leahy, Pat, xx, 108n9, 133n6, Maguire, Sinéad, 51 273n16, 295n42, 318, Maguire, Tom, 338n29 319, 339n31 Mair, Peter, 194n3, 336n10 Left–right spectrum, 238–241, 256, Malta, 357 259, 261, 269, 272n9 Manifestoes, xx, xxi, 15, 25–27, Lemass, Seán, 331 29–35, 38, 87, 97, 98, 106, 115, Leonard, Tom, 69n16 121, 151, 222, 255, 257, 265, Lewis-Beck, Michael S., 250n1 267, 270, 292, 311, 328 Leyden, Orla, 48 Manning, Maurice, 294n31 Leyden, Terry, 48 Manning Report, 292 Libertas, 102 Marien, Sofe, 21n26 Linehan Foley, Mary, 142, 144 Marsh, Michael, 20n5, 22n34, 68, Local government 101, 110n30, 173, 195n13, elections, 15–16, 19, 44, 50, 51, 243–245, 250–253, 337n10, 54, 55, 57–59, 72, 74, 76, 78, 338n24, 339n35 80, 81, 98, 123, 130, 139, Marshall, Ian, 290 172, 176, 177, 179, 220 Martin, Catherine, xxiv, xxvi, 66, 153, as route to parliament, 64, 65, 307, 310 143–145, 150, 157, 159, Martin, Micheál, xix–xxiii, 1, 2, 5–7, 192, 198 13, 19, 77–79, 85, 86, 89, 90, and Seanad, vi, 155–157, 282–284 97–99, 114, 121, 124, 128, 140, Localism, 46, 197, 198, 203, 204, 243–245, 298–301, 303, 304, 216, 247–248 307–309, 311, 313–318, 330, Looney, Dermot, 89 332, 355 Lord, Miriam, 87, 121 Martin, Shane, 292n2, 319n9 Loughlin, Elaine, 39n11, 69n15 Martin, Vincent P., 66, 290 Loughnane, Joe, 60 Matthews, Neil, 337n15 Lowry, Michael, 6, 313, 355 May, Theresa, 95, 96 Lutz, Georg, 252n24 Mbugua Henry, Salome, 280 Luxembourg, 326 McCabe, Maurice, 8, 9, 11, 12, Lynch, Catherine, 20n13 20n15, 43 Lyons, John, 59 McCallion, Elisha, 287 McCarthy, Justine, 293n16 McCloskey, Anne, 64 M McConnell, Daniel, 20n1, 22n35, MacCarthaigh, Muiris, 292n2, 293n7 69n18, 319n21 Mac Cumhaill, Fionn, 330 McCourt, David, 15 INDEX 369

McDonald, Mary Lou, xx–xxiii, 14, Moury, Catherine, 39n2 17, 19, 74, 75, 84, 85, 88, 89, Mudde, Cas, 252n23 99, 106, 114, 118, 121, Mulherin, Michelle, 182 124–127, 139, 243–245, Mullen, Rónán, 13, 289 253n29, 265, 267, 299, 303, Munster, Imelda, 203, 204 304, 313 Murphy, Catherine, 57, 80, 159, McDowell, Michael, 6, 289, 332, 162, 163 333, 338n29 Murphy, Conor, xxii, 118, 123 McElroy, Gail, 250n6, 251, Murphy, Dara, xxii, 40n20, 82 273n23, 339n35 Murphy, Eoghan, 2, 10, 19, McEnroe, Juno, 293n15, 318n6 49, 83, 316 McEntee, Helen, 97 Murphy, Eugene, 48 McGahon, John, 202, 205 Murphy, Gary, 20n4, 339n36 McGee, Harry, 76 Murphy, Mary C., 20n8, 109n18, McGrath, Finian, 81, 188 110n36, 293–295 McGrath, Mattie, 13, 355 Murphy, Paul, 59, 81, 179 McGrath, Michael, 25, 65, 308 Murphy, Verona, 52, 69n14, 82, 180, McGrath, Séamus, 65 313, 355 McGraw, Sean D., 337n15 Murray, Seán, 319n12 McGreehan, Erin, 290 Muthoo, Abhinay, 319n23 McGreevy, Ronan, 22n44 Mythen, Johnny, 172 McGuinness, John, 2 McHugh, Saoirse, 287 McLoughlin, Tony, 51 N McManus, Chris, 54 Nash, Ged, 80, 178, 204 McNally, Anne-Marie, 59 National Children’s Hospital, 2, 78, McNamara, Michael, 180, 313, 355 79, 82, 235 Media, coverage of election by, xx, National Convention Centre, 313 xxii, 85, 88, 89, 113–132, 138, National Maternity Hospital, 161 144, 145, 151, 161 National Party, 105, 180, 343, Michels, Robert, 333 345, 347 Mitchell, Denise, 172 National University of Ireland (NUI), Mitchell O’Connor, Mary, 10, 141, 276, 288, 289 147, 189 National Women’s Council of Modigliani, Andre, 133n8 Ireland, 44 Money message, 8, 20n14, 31 Naughten, Denis, xxiii, 6, 15, 32, Moore, Aoife, 320n30 40n20, 355 Moral community, 330, 332 Naughton, Hildegarde, 308, 316 Moran, Kevin ‘Boxer,’ 188 Naurin, Elin, 40n17 Moriarty, Gerry, 111n44, 133n5 Netherlands, 167, 302, 327 Moriarty, Norma, 182 Newman Julian, Mary, 50 Mortell, Mark, 82, 87 Newswhip, 121, 122 370 INDEX

Ní Aodha, Gráinne, 108n8 O’Dea, Willie, 99, 190, 207, 208 Ní Riada, Liadh, 14, 53, 74 O’Donoghue, Martin, 293n6 Nolan, Carol, 187, 212, 213, 355 O’Donoghue, Richard, 181, 205–207, Noonan, Michael, 6, 188 313, 355 Noone, Catherine, xxi, 117 O’Dowd, Fergus, 202, 205 Norpoth, Helmut, 132n2 Ó Fearghaíl, Seán, xxiii, 8, 303, Norris, David, 289 347, 354 , xxi, 5, 11, 17, 64, Offences Against the State Act, 310 65, 72, 84, 93–96, 98, 100, 105, O’Flynn, Frank, 141 118, 290, 312, 329, 332–334 O’Gorman, Roderic, 150–153, 189, Northern Ireland Assembly, 105, 215, 216, 308 310, 357 O’Halloran, Marie, 293n19, 294n28, Norway, 168, 326, 336n3 294n29, 295n55 O’Hara, Louis, 172 O’Higgins Commission, 11 O O’Keeffe, Kevin, 142, 143 Ó Brádaigh, Ruairí, 338n28 Golf Society, xxvi, 315 O’Brennan, John, 21n19, O’Leary, Julie, 51 110n36, 111n40 O’Loughlin, Ann, 295n44 O’Brien, Darragh, 316 O’Mahony, Jane, 104 O’Brien, Jonathan, 53 O’Mahony, Kieran, 293n11 Ó Broin, Eoin, 17, 75, 85, 91n7, 126, O’Malley Dunlop, Ellen, 51 303, 319n12 O’Malley, Eoin, 20n13, 21n24, 32, O’Callaghan, Jim, 141, 303, 316 40n15, 252n26, 318–320 O’Callaghan, Miriam, 118 Ó Murchú, Ruairí, 203 Ó Caoláin, Caoimhghín, 286 O’Neill, Michelle, 137 O’Carroll, Sinéad, 22n43 O’Neill, Paul, 39n5, 337n16 O’Carroll. J. P., 216n2 One member one vote (OMOV), 47, Ó Cathasaigh, Marc, 308 51, 55, 58 Occupied Territories , 308, 310 O’Reilly, Joe, 51 Ó Ceallaigh, Séighin, 206, 207 O’Reilly, Louise, 75 Ó Cionnaith, Fiachra, 39n10 O’Reilly, Pauline, 158 O’Connell, Hugh, 273n20, 318n1, Ormond, Peter, 212 320n25, 320n28 Ó Riordáin, Aodhán, xxiv, 80 O’Connell, Juliet, 57 O’Rourke, Seán, 82, 91n18 O’Connell, Kate, 50, 281, 293n15 O’Sullivan, Aaron, 141 O’Connor, James, 42, 140–144, 192 O’Sullivan, Jan, 57, 80, 177, 189 O’Connor, Joe, 161 O’Sullivan, Nóirín, 11 O’Connor, Niall, 39n4 O’Sullivan, Padraig, 143 O’Connor, Wayne, 20n11 O’Toole, Fintan, 73 Ó Cuív, Éamon, 65, 301, 312 Ó Tuathail, Niall, 287 INDEX 371

P Private member’s bills, 31, 39n9 Parker, A. J., 204, 217n5 Programmes for Government (PfG), Party identifcation, 181, 220, xxv, 25, 27, 28, 33–38, 40n22, 224–226, 263 249, 292, 298, Party leaders 305–307, 310–312 and televised debates, xx–xxii, 85, (PDs), 4, 28, 86, 89–90, 114, 118, 220, 321 124–125, 265 and vote choice, 221, 243–245 Party members, 10, 41, 42, 45–47, Q 52, 56, 60, 66, 74–75, 136, 145, Quinlan, Stephen, 252n26 148, 279, 312–313 Quinlivan, Aodh, 22n32 Party system, v–vi, 3, 4, 25, 106, Quinn, Dave, 59 165–194, 220, 228, 230, 246, Quinn, Paul, xxii, 89, 90, 118, 249, 255–270, 285, 297, 298, 127, 131 301, 312, 317, 321, 322, 324, 334, 335 Patterson, Thomas E., 132n2, 132n3 R Peace and Neutrality Platform, 102 Rabbitte, Anne, 308 Pedersen, Mogens, 166, 336n4 Racism, 312 Penrose, Willie, 178 Rahat, Gideon, 46, 68n3, 68n12 Pensions, xx, 2, 35, 84, 87, 119–121, Raidió Teilifís Éireann, the national 131, 235, 237, 308, 311, 329 broadcasting station (RTÉ), vii, 8, People Before Proft (PBP), xxii, 5, 9, 51, 76, 82, 85, 89, 109n16, 44, 59–63, 81, 102, 126, 127, 114, 118, 121, 124, 153, 221, 146, 150, 152, 172, 173, 226, 253n29, 268, 304 179–180, 184, 190, 195n7, Reddy, Conor, 179 225–230, 238–240, 255, 272n3, Redistricting, 45, 195n6 272n8, 301, 304, 313, 328, 343, Rees, Nicholas, 21n19 345, 347 Referendums, xxii, 12–17, 24, 50, 51, Pledge fulflment, 23–38 82, 94, 95, 101–107, 123, 160, Police, 6, 8, 9, 11–12, 43, 81, 176, 220, 277, 288, 292, 311 83, 332–333 Reidy, Theresa, 20n13, 21n26, 68n11, Polls, use by parties, 47, 50, 53, 54 69n17, 69n19, 134n18, Populism, 104–105, 123, 124, 126, 250n6, 339n35 221, 230, 241–242, 249, Reilly, Gavan, 20n15 252n24, 328, 330, 331 Religiosity, 226, 228, 249 Portugal, 37, 322, 336n2 , 328 Power, Averil, 294n21 Rents, 18, 160, 231, 235, , vii 237, 265–267 Privacy rights, 268, 271 Renua, 180, 212, 343, 345, 347 372 INDEX

Reynolds, Albert, 326 Shanahan, Matt, 313, 355 Reynolds, Gerry, 51 Shatter, Alan, 91n15, 153 Richmond, Neale, 99 Sherlock, Joe, 154 Rise, 59, 179–180, 343, 345, 347 Sherlock, Marie, 153–158, 281 Roma, 312 Sherlock, Seán, 80 Roseingrave, Paula, 55 Shinnerbots, 122 Ross, Shane, 6, 189 Shortall, Róisín, 57, 80, 159, 162, 163 Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC), xix, Simpson, Kathryn, 100, 109n22 19, 83, 91n19, 335 Sinn Féin Ruane, Lynn, 289 background, 194n5, Ryan, Éamon, xxiii, xxv, xxvi, 55, 77, 330–335, 338n29 304–306, 310 bases of support, 174, 203, Ryan, Eddie, 49 215, 219–253 Ryan, Patricia, 172, 273n20 candidate selection, 44, 46, 52–54, Ryan, Philip, 134n19, 273n20, 318n1 61–67, 168 in election campaign, xix, 44, 58, 74–76, 84–90, 98, 106, S 113–132, 135–139, 151–152, Sacks, Paul M., 204, 217n5 166, 200, 203–207, 212–214, Sandri, Giulia, 68n10 255–270, 329, 337n13 Sauger, Nicolas, 252n24 election results, vi, vii, 4, 15, 94, Scarrow, Susan E., 68n6 106, 107, 166, 168–173, 178, Schimpf, Christian, 252n24 179, 182, 184–187, 195n7, Schleiter, Petra, 336n8 198, 326, 334 Schoen, Harald, 252n24 European Parliament group, 328 Schofeld, Norman, 319n17 and government formation, vi, 5, 6, Schumacher, Gijs, 320n26 297–305, 307–309, 312, Seanad Éireann 313, 335 composition, xxv, xxvi, 66, 276, inter-election developments, 2, 4, 5, 305, 319n18 9, 11, 14–17, 19, 72, 101, 105, election of, xxiv, 137, 140, 184, 335 153–158, 275–292, 357 manifesto, xxi, 25, 87, 106, 255 election results, 158, 178, 284–292 pledge fulflment, 25 ministers from, 277, 316 and Seanad election, 157, 158, nomination of candidates, 278–281 279, 284–287 reform, 32, 276, 277, 279, Sinnott, Richard, 100, 101, 109n21, 292, 309 109n26, 110n29, 110n33, role, 6, 276, 310 250n6, 336n10, 358 Taoiseach’s nominees, 277 SIPTU, 153, 154 Seery Kearney, Mary, 156, 290 Skehan, Marese, 272n5 Selection convention, 47 Skelly, Liam, 69n16 INDEX 373

Skogerbø, Eli, 133n12 Super-junior ministers, xxv, 7, 10, 291, Sláintecare, 80, 89, 312 315, 316 Smith, Duncan, 80, 178 Sweden, 37 Smyth, Niamh, xxii Swift, Jonathan, 329 Smyth, Ossian, 308 Swindle, Stephen M., 336n8 Social and Democratic Labour Party Switzerland, 326, 336n3 (SDLP), 65 Social Democrats bases of support, 226–228, 239–240 T candidate selection, 44, Taagepera, Rein, 167, 194n4, 336n6 57–59, 61, 64 Tallies of votes, 152, 204–206, 209, in election campaign, xxii, 44, 80, 211, 213–215, 217n7 88, 89, 158–163, 255 Tánaiste, 6, 11, 82, 99, 307, election results, 173, 178–179, 185, 314, 316 190–192, 195n7 Tannam, Etain, 109n19 and government formation, xxiv, Tarrow, Sidney, 336n4 xxv, 5, 299, 303, 306, 313 Tavits, Margit, 336n8 inter-election developments, 5 Taxation, xx, xxi, xxiv, 8, 27, 33, 35, manifesto, xxi, 255 84, 88, 120, 235, 238, 241, pledge fulflment, 23 251n21, 263, 265, 267, 269, and Seanad election, 178, 281–283, 306, 308, 309, 311 286, 287 Taylor, Cliff, 22n40 Social media, vi, 44, 58, 61, 113–134, Taylor, Peter, 208, 217n8 137, 142, 144, 147, 148, 151, Thomson, Robert, 38n1, 39n3, 39n5, 162, 199, 288, 301, 312 40n17, 337n16 Social welfare, 311 Tilley, James, 337n15 Solidarity, xxii, 44, 59–60, 81, 153, Tóibín, Peadar, 14, 66, 81, 180 172, 173, 179–180, 184, 190, Trade unions, 60, 87, 153 195n7, 215, 226, 229, 238–240, Transfers of votes, 125–127, 146, 255, 272n8, 289, 301, 304, 313, 147, 149, 152, 153, 155–157, 328, 343, 345, 347 170, 172, 177–179, 181–185, Spain, 37, 149, 302, 322, 336n2 202, 282, 284–287, 289, , xix, 123, 267 301, 358 Spoon, Jae-Jae, 319n20 Transport, 6, 32, 141, 298, 311 Spring, Dick, 56 Travellers, 14, 156, 158, 287, 290, Stagg, Emmet, 178 292, 312 Stanley, Brian, 212–214 Treaty (1921), 330–332, 338n29 Strache, Heinz-Christian, 123 , 74, 80, Strøm, Kaare, 336n8 140–142, 150, 153, 195n13, Suiter, Jane, 20n13, 21n23, 21n26, 276, 288, 289, 294n32, 134n18, 194n2, 252n24, 337n16 294n36 374 INDEX

Trump, Donald, 127, 185 Vote management, 174–176, 197, Tuffy, Joanna, 178 199, 200, 202–203, 286 Tuohy, Noel, 214 Vote switching, 224–226, 322 Turnout, 14, 15, 102, 103, 171, 185, 214, 277, 288, 344–345 Tusk, Donald, 11 W Tusla, 9, 33 Wall, Mark, 210 Twitter, 3, 48, 114, 121, 122, 126, Wallace, Mick, 16, 81, 207 131, 151, 157 Walsh, Thomas, 51 Walshe, Sarah, 157 Ward, Mark, 75 U Water charges, 28, 32 Unemployment, 18, 27, 87, 232, Weeks, Liam, 20n6, 20n7, 253n31, 235, 317 293n9, 337n12 United Kingdom (UK), 37, 46, 72, Whelan, Noel, viii 83, 93–98, 100, 103–107, Whiting, Sophie, 339n34 108n2, 147, 235, 241, 256, 322, Whitmore, Jennifer, 158–163 323, 334, 336n2, 357 Women Dáil election candidates, 64–65, 190–191 V in Dáil, 155, 190–192, 291, 315 Valentino, Nicholas A., in government, 315, 316 133n13, 133n15 and Seanad, 155, 291 van der Spek, Liam, 57 Women for Election, 44, 161 Vandeleene, Audrey, 68n9, 68n10 Workers Party, 180, 321, 322, 343, Varadkar, Leo, xx–xxiii, 1–3, 5, 7, 10, 345, 347 11, 13, 15–19, 72, 73, 77, 79, Woulfe, Séamus, 6 81–87, 89, 90, 96, 97, 99, 114, Wuttke, Alexander, 252n24 117, 124, 128, 137, 150, 156, Wynne, Violet-Anne, 172, 187 215, 216, 243–245, 267, 268, 273n19, 273n21, 290, 294n28, 298, 299, 301, 304, 305, 311, Y 314, 316, 318, 327, Yates, Ivan, xxi, 162 332, 338n30 Virgin Media, 86, 114, 267, 299 Vocationalism, 276 Z Volatility, 16, 72, 166, 220, 224, 226, Zappone, Katherine, 6, 8, 12, 189 322, 323, 326, 334, 335, 336n4 Zúquete, Jose Pedro, 338n21