DOCSLIB.ORG

Diversification of Myrmecophilous Clavigeritae Beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) and Their Radiation in New Caledonia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Diversification of Myrmecophilous Clavigeritae Beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) and Their Radiation in New Caledonia Diversification of myrmecophilous Clavigeritae beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) and their radiation in New Caledonia PETER HLAVÁÈ, JOSEPH PARKER, MUNETOSHI MARUYAMA & MARTIN FIK?ÈEK Supplementary File S12 Results of phylogenetic analyses performed Results of molecular analyses Bayesian inference maximum likelihood 1 1 1 Curculionellus 100 Curculionellus 1 Curculionellus 1 1 Pselaphogenius Pselaphogenius 1 Pselaphogenius 1 0.86 Colilodion 1 76 Colilodion 0.86 Colilodion 1 0.97 Caccoplectus 98 Caccoplectus 1 0.97 Caccoplectus 1 100 1 Rhytus Rhytus 1 Rhytus 1 Tiracerus 1 1 Tiracerus Tiracerus 100 1 Clavimieua_clavata 1 0.69 0.98 1 Clavispirus_tabulatus Clavicaleda_minuta 96 0.69 0.38 Ziweia_longipedes 73 1 1 69 Clavimieua_clavata 0.98 Ziweia_longipedes 0.4 Clavicaleda_minuta 1 1 84 Clavicaleda_minuta Clavimieua_clavata Clavispirus_tabulatus 1 1 Ziweia_longipedes Clavispirus_tabulatus Longacerus_giraffa 1 0.94 1 Longacerus_giraffa Longacerus_giraffa 1 Pseudacerus 0.94 1 98 1 0.86 1 100 74 Pseudacerus Pseudacerus Clavigeropsis 0.86 1 0.53 1 97 Clavigeropsis Clavigeropsis 0.54 genN_Borneo 0.53 1 1 genN_Borneo genN_Borneo 1 Mastiger_sp1 83 0.54 IQtree 1 1 89 Mastiger_sp1 1 Mastiger_sp1 Mastiger_sp2 1 1 Mastiger_sp2 Anaclasiger Mastiger_sp2 1 1 1 1 0.46 Cerylambus Articerodes Anaclasiger Bayes 99 26 Bayes 1 1 0.98 Anaclasiger Articerodes 1 Fustiger_fuchsii 1 1 38 Cerylambus 1 Adranes_coecus 1 Fustiger_knausii allcompat 1 majority 1 81 100 Fustiger_fuchsii Adranes_taylori 0.57 Fustiger_sp_CostaRica 1 1 0.64 Fustiger_sp_Brazil 100 Fustiger_knausii 1 Triartiger rule tree 1 1 Fustiger_sp_CostaRica 0.81 0.62 Fustiger_sp_Peru 81 Diartiger_fossulatus 0.81 1 1 91 Fustiger_sp_Brazil 1 Adranes_coecus 49 Diartiger_spinipes 1 1 0.35 Adranes_taylori Fustiger_sp_Peru Cerylambus 1 1 0.98 Articerodes 100 Adranes_coecus 1 Fustiger_fuchsii 0.5 1 1 Adranes_taylori 1 Triartiger 64 1 Fustiger_knausii 1 1 0.62 Diartiger_fossulatus 100 Triartiger 0.57 Fustiger_sp_CostaRica 1 1 0.41 Diartiger_spinipes 94 Diartiger_fossulatus 0.64 Fustiger_sp_Brazil 1 1 1 Claviger_Clavifer 59 Diartiger_spinipes Fustiger_sp_Peru 1 1 Claviger_sstr 100 Claviger_Clavifer 1 Claviger_Clavifer 1 1 0.87 Miroclaviger Claviger_sstr Claviger_sstr 0.53 1 1 0.99 Trichomatosus 82 Dimerometopus Dimerometopus 1 0.53 1 0.98 Semiclaviger_sikorae 77 Miroclaviger 0.87 Miroclaviger 1 1 0.95 Micrapoderiger_minutissimus 97 0.99 93 Trichomatosus 0.99 Trichomatosus 1 1 Radama Semiclaviger_sikorae 0.99 1 91 0.98 Semiclaviger_sikorae 1 Dimerometopus 95 Micrapoderiger_minutissimus 0.95 Micrapoderiger_minutissimus 0.46 1 73 1 Andasibe_sohodrae 1 Radama Radama 0.81 1 0.82 Nearticerodes Andasibe_sohodrae Andasibe_sohodrae 1 1 1 Theocerus 75 84 Nearticerodes 0.81 0.82 Nearticerodes 1 1 0.96 Apoderiger 1 99 Theocerus 1 Theocerus 0.99 1 genN_Madagascar 1 97 Apoderiger 0.96 Apoderiger Hadrophorus 1 100 genN_Madagascar 0.99 genN_Madagascar 1 Hadrophorus Hadrophorus Morphology-based maximum parsimony (only taxa with DNA included) Strict consensus pf 1940 MPTs (433 steps) Majority rule consensus + + bootstrap support frequency of clades among 1940 MPTs Dasycerus Dasycerus Bryaxis curtisii Faronus parallelus Caccoplectus Pselaphogenius Curculionellus Curculionellus 94 Faronus parallelus 83 Rhytus Lasinus 55 Caccoplectus Pselaphogenius 74 Lasinus Rhytus Bryaxis curtisii Adranes coecus 89 Colilodion Anaclasiger 94 Longacerus giraffa Andasibe sohodrae Apoderiger Apoderiger Anaclasiger Articerodes Andasibe sohodrae Cerylambus Articerodes genN Madagascar Cerylambus genN Borneo genN Madagascar Colilodion 99 genN Borneo Diartiger fossulatus Hadrophorus Fustiger Micrapoderiger minutissimus Hadrophorus Radama Micrapoderiger minutissimus Tiracerus Miroclaviger Triartiger Nearticerodes Trichomatosus 60 89 Pseudacerus Tapas Radama 57 Tiramieua clavata Semiclaviger sikorae Tiraspirus tabulatus Tiracaleda minuta 58 Tiracaleda minuta Ziweia longipedes Ziweia longipedes Tiracerus 77 Pseudacerus Triartiger Semiclaviger sikorae Trichomatosus Diartiger fossulatus 96 Tiramieua clavata 99 Adranes coecus Tiraspirus tabulatus 100 Claviger Clavifer Tapas Claviger sstr Nearticerodes Longacerus giraffa 73 70 Claviger Clavifer Fustiger 57 Miroclaviger Claviger sstr 57 Mastiger 100 Mastiger Dimerometopus 100 Dimerometopus Theocerus Theocerus Baysian analysis of DNA + morphology data 1 Dasycerus 1 Faronus_parallelus 1 1 Bryaxis_curtisii 1 1 Lasinus 1 1 Curculionellus 1 1 Pselaphogenius 1 1 Caccoplectus 1 1 Rhytus 1 Colilodion 1 0.63 Tiracerus 1 1 0.95 Tiracaleda_minuta 1 0.99 Ziweia_longipedes 0.97 1 0.59 Tiramieua_clavata 1 Tiraspirus_tabulatus 1 0.59 Pseudacerus 1 0.72 Longacerus_giraffa 1 1 genN_Borneo 0.78 1 1 Mastiger_sp1 1 Mastiger_sp2 1 Anaclasiger 1 0.85 Cerylambus 1 0.98 1 Fustiger_fuchsii 1 1 1 Fustiger_knausii 1 Fustiger_sp_CostaRica 0.57 1 0.62 Fustiger_sp_Brazil 1 Fustiger_sp_Peru 1 1 Adranes_coecus 1 0.81 Adranes_taylori 1 1 Claviger_Clavifer 1 0.680.67 Claviger_sstr 1 Articerodes 1 0.62 Tapas 1 Triartiger 0.66 1 0.79 Diartiger_fossulatus 1 Diartiger_spinipes 1 Miroclaviger 1 1 Trichomatosus 0.6 1 Micrapoderiger_minutissimus 0.94 1 0.69 Radama 0.99 1 Semiclaviger_sikorae 1 0.53 Andasibe_sohodrae 1 Dimerometopus 0.93 1 0.91 Nearticerodes 1 1 Theocerus 1 Apoderiger 0.92 1 0.95 genN_Madagascar 1 Hadrophorus 2.0 Position of Protoclaviger (Bayesian) DNA+morphology+fossil morphology (unconstrained) (fixed topology+fossil free) 1 1 1 1 Curculionellus 1 18Faronus parallelus Tiracerus Pselaphogenius 0.95 1 1 1 Dasycerus Tiraspirus_tabulatus 1 Caccoplectus 41 0.96 1 1 7 Bryaxis curtisii Rhytus 0.98 Tiramieua_clavata 1 1 Colilodion 21Lasinus 1 42 0.99 Tiracaleda_minuta 26Pselaphogenius 0.59 Tiracerus 1 1 78 0.91 15Curculionellus Ziweia_longipedes 0.94 Tiracaleda_minuta 43 1 1 0.93 Ziweia_longipedes 14Colilodion Longacerus_giraffa 1 1 76 0.85 0.93 0.58 Tiramieua_clavata 29Rhytus 0.98 1 44 77 genN_Borneo Tiraspirus_tabulatus 8 Caccoplectus 1 1 0.9 Mastiger_sp1 Protoclaviger_trichodens 34Tiracerus 1 1 0.93 Pseudacerus 72 38Tiraspirus tabulatus Pseudacerus 1 1 0.75 45 Longacerus_giraffa 73 1 37Tiramieua clavata Tapas 0.91 0.68 1 0.85 genN_Borneo 74 1 33Ziweia longipedes Protoclaviger_trichodens 1 Mastiger_sp1 75 1 1 32Tiracaleda minuta Mastiger_sp2 Articerodes 1 40Longacerus giraffa 0.91 1 Anaclasiger 46 0.66 1 39Tapas 0.93 Anaclasiger 68 1 Cerylambus 71 1 Node PP 0.52 27 0.97 Cerylambus 0.87 1 Pseudacerus Fustiger_fuchsii 69 1 1 41 1 22Mastiger sp1 0.93 Fustiger_knausii Fustiger_fuchsii 1 42 1 70 1 0.75 13genN Borneo 0.54 Fustiger_sp_CostaRica 43 1 1 0.99 Adranes_coecus 1 0.61 Fustiger_sp_Brazil 44 0.999 47 6 Articerodes 1 0.99 Diartiger_fossulatus Fustiger_sp_Peru 45 0.999 65 3 Anaclasiger 1 1 66 1 Adranes_coecus 46 0.994 19Fustiger fuchsii Triartiger 1 47 0.680 67 0.58 1 0.8 Adranes_taylori 9 Cerylambus 1 1 Claviger_Clavifer 1 48 0.525 1 Claviger_Clavifer 48 2 Adranes coecus 0.74 1 49 0.428 Claviger_sstr Claviger_sstr 50 1 1 52 0.406 35Triartiger Articerodes 51 0.6 Dimerometopus 0.69 1 53 0.396 16Diartiger fossulatus 1 Tapas 0.56 0.96 1 54 0.379 49 11Claviger sstr Miroclaviger 64 1 0.59 Triartiger 1 60 0.315 10Claviger Clavifer 0.61 0.69 Trichomatosus 0.76 Diartiger_fossulatus 61 0.262 1 1 17Dimerometopus Diartiger_spinipes 30 0.093 52 0.74 Semiclaviger_sikorae 1 36Trichomatosus 1 Miroclaviger 68 0.150 63 0.84 1 Micrapoderiger_minutissimus 0.72 Trichomatosus 69 0.102 24Miroclaviger 0.63 1 1 53 60 30Semiclaviger sikorae Radama 0.76 Micrapoderiger_minutissimus 71 0.069 1 1 61 0.59 Radama 55 0.059 28Radama Andasibe_sohodrae 0.66 1 72 0.063 62 1 Semiclaviger_sikorae 54 23Micrapoderiger minutissimus 0.95 0.99 Nearticerodes 1 65 0.092 1 0.52 Andasibe_sohodrae 4 Andasibe sohodrae 1 62 0.162 0.96 Theocerus Dimerometopus 31Theocerus 1 0.89 1 28 0.135 55 59 0.91 Nearticerodes 25 0.97 Apoderiger 1 66 0.077 Nearticerodes 1 56 0.97 Theocerus 5 Apoderiger 0.98 genN_Madagascar 1 1 0.91 Apoderiger 57 1 20Hadrophorus Hadrophorus 0.94 genN_Madagascar 58 1 12genN Madagascar Hadrophorus 0 trait value 1 0.2 2.0 length=0.55 Position of Protoclaviger (max parsimony) morphology (fixed topology+fossil free) Dasycerus 4 8 22 54 67 75 76 77 79 Faronus parallelus 0 2 0 0 2 1 1 0 2 7 14 21 27 43 79 80 Bryaxis curtisii 0 0 3 0 1 1 0 4 11 15 28 36 38 52 70 72 73 2 5 35 50 52 81 Lasinus 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 27 72 75 1 0 1 1 2 0 39 79 Curculionellus 0 1 1 31 33 8 34 47 0 2 Pselaphogenius 0 1 1 2 1 3 10 11 21 25 28 29 34 48 56 58 60 61 62 Colilodion 1 1 1 3 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 8 51 67 69 70 74 23 27 32 36 39 Caccoplectus 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 21 71 1 0 0 1 0 Rhytus 0 1 10 5 80 Protoclaviger trichodens 1 7 8 32 50 51 67 1 0 Tiracerus 0 1 0 0 1 0 12 76 81 22 28 37 42 54 55 57 67 Tiraspirus tabulatus 1 1 1 72 79 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 2 19 29 32 36 20 41 42 43 64 1 2 Tiramieua clavata 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 22 35 42 53 55 67 70 71 72 74 25 34 50 79 Tiracaleda minuta 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 6 27 59 1 1 0 1 Ziweia longipedes 1 0 1 10 14 20 30 45 48 49 55 70 74 18 21 56 Longacerus giraffa 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 6 10 11 12 20 30 39 77 2 3 1 67 Pseudacerus 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 2 8 14 18 21 22 26 34 37 43 50 57 Tapas 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 3 8 12 22 44 45 51 55 64 68 72 75 77 80 39 genN Borneo 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6 14 28 43 54 67 0 Mastiger sp1 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 8 28 31 80 Articerodes 52 1 0 1 0 1 1 20 21 29 1 Anaclasiger 25 0 2 1 8 34 49 52 70 81 1 53 55 Cerylambus 1 0 0 2 0 1 3 6 7 37 44 78 0 0 Fustiger fuchsii 1 1 0 1 1 0 34 9 52 74 Adranes coecus 1 80 1 1 0 3 6 21 1 7 41 Diartiger fossulatus 1 1 2 5 19 0 0 Triartiger 0 0 2 21 9 15 72 Claviger Clavifer 0 2 1 1 1 Claviger sstr 7 14 30 44 53 54 Dimerometopus 0 0 1 1 0 0 14 18 22 28 44 54 55 64 53 Miroclaviger 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 7 24 25 34 52 57 0 34 52 Trichomatosus 0 0 0 1 1 0 10 11 12 29 30 45 50 54 57 0 0 Semiclaviger sikorae 32 77 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 2 34 52 53 55 68 73 74 0 1 Micrapoderiger minutissimus 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 2 19 25 2 6 14 18 21 32 39 51 64 65 Radama 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 1 2 1 0 0 15 29 31 36 45 77 Andasibe sohodrae 1 1 1 1 1 1 20 73 7 26 Nearticerodes 0 1 2 22 24 29 30 64 0 1 44 48 Theocerus 0 0 0 1 1 0 12 13 27 32 52 53 55 1 1 Apoderiger 5 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 22 40 42 45 48 64 0 8 genN Madagascar 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 39 49 1 Hadrophorus 0 0 Protoclaviger STEM Dated Bayesian trees 40 Protoclaviger CROWN 30 Root age (Dasycerus vs.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE Swiss Journal of Zoology
    REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE VOLUME Swiss Journal of Zoology 123 (1) – 2016 de Chambrier A. & Scholz T. - An emendation of the generic diagnosis of the monotypic Glanitaenia (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae), with notes on the geographical distribution of G. osculata, a parasite of invasive wels catfish ..................................................................................................................... 1-9 Bassi G. - Studies on Afrotropical Crambinae (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea, Crambidae): Notes on the genus Aurotalis Błeszyński, 1970 ..................................................................................................... 11-20 Hollier J. - The type specimens of Orthoptera (Insecta) species described by Ignacio Bolívar and deposited in the Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Genève ................................................................. 21-33 Pham V.A., Le T.D., Pham T.C., Nguyen L.H.S., Ziegler T. & Nguyen Q.T. - Two additional records of megophryid frogs, Leptobrachium masatakasotoi Matsui, 2013 and Leptolalax minimus (Taylor, 1962), for the herpetofauna of Vietnam .............................................................................. 35-43 Eguchi K., Bui T.V., Oguri E. & Yamane S. - The first discovery of the “Pheidole quadricuspis group” in the Indo-Chinese Peninsula (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) ............. 45-55 Breure A.S.H. - Annotated type catalogue of the Orthalicoidea (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) in the Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Geneva .....................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Profound Head Modifications in Claviger Testaceus (Pselaphinae, Staphylinidae, Coleoptera) Facilitate Integration Into Communities of Ants
    Received: 15 April 2020 Revised: 8 June 2020 Accepted: 14 June 2020 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21232 RESEARCH ARTICLE Profound head modifications in Claviger testaceus (Pselaphinae, Staphylinidae, Coleoptera) facilitate integration into communities of ants Paweł Jałoszynski 1 | Xiao-Zhu Luo2 | Rolf Georg Beutel2 1Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland Abstract 2Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Clavigeritae is a group of obligate myrmecophiles of the rove beetle subfamily Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Jena, Pselaphinae (Staphylinidae). Some are blind and wingless, and all are believed to Germany depend on ant hosts through feeding by trophallaxis. Phylogenetic hypotheses sug- Correspondence gest that their ancestors, as are most pselaphines today, were free-living predators. Paweł Jałoszynski, Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza Morphological alterations required to transform such beetles into extreme myrmeco- ł 21, 50 335 Wroc aw, Poland. philes were poorly understood. By studying the cephalic morphology of Claviger tes- Email: [email protected] taceus, we demonstrate that profound changes in all mouthpart components took Funding information place during this process, with a highly unusual connection of the maxillae to the AEI/FEDER, UE, Grant/Award Number: CGL2013 48950 C2 hypopharynx, and formation of a uniquely transformed labium with a vestigial prementum. The primary sensory function of the modified maxillary and labial palps is reduced, and the ventral mouthparts transformed into a licking/‘sponging’ device. Many muscles have been reduced, in relation to the coleopteran groundplan or other staphylinoids. The head capsule contains voluminous glands whose appeasement secretions are crucial for the beetle survival in ant colonies. The brain, in turn, has been shifted into the neck region.
    [Show full text]
  • Encyclopedia of Social Insects
    G Guests of Social Insects resources and homeostatic conditions. At the same time, successful adaptation to the inner envi- Thomas Parmentier ronment shields them from many predators that Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of cannot penetrate this hostile space. Social insect Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium associates are generally known as their guests Laboratory of Socioecology and Socioevolution, or inquilines (Lat. inquilinus: tenant, lodger). KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Most such guests live permanently in the host’s Research Unit of Environmental and nest, while some also spend a part of their life Evolutionary Biology, Namur Institute of cycle outside of it. Guests are typically arthropods Complex Systems, and Institute of Life, Earth, associated with one of the four groups of eusocial and the Environment, University of Namur, insects. They are referred to as myrmecophiles Namur, Belgium or ant guests, termitophiles, melittophiles or bee guests, and sphecophiles or wasp guests. The term “myrmecophile” can also be used in a broad sense Synonyms to characterize any organism that depends on ants, including some bacteria, fungi, plants, aphids, Inquilines; Myrmecophiles; Nest parasites; and even birds. It is used here in the narrow Symbionts; Termitophiles sense of arthropods that associated closely with ant nests. Social insect nests may also be parasit- Social insect nests provide a rich microhabitat, ized by other social insects, commonly known as often lavishly endowed with long-lasting social parasites. Although some strategies (mainly resources, such as brood, retrieved or cultivated chemical deception) are similar, the guests of food, and nutrient-rich refuse. Moreover, nest social insects and social parasites greatly differ temperature and humidity are often strictly regu- in terms of their biology, host interaction, host lated.
    [Show full text]
  • (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of South Carolina, Based on Published Records
    The Coleopterists Bulletin, 71(3): 513–527. 2017. ACHECKLIST OF THE ROVE BEETLES (COLEOPTERA:STAPHYLINIDAE) OF SOUTH CAROLINA,BASED ON PUBLISHED RECORDS MICHAEL S. CATERINO AND MICHAEL L. FERRO Clemson University Arthropod Collection Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences 277 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson University Clemson, SC 29634-0310, USA [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT A review of the literature revealed 17 subfamilies and 355 species of rove beetles (Staphylinidae) reported from South Carolina. Updated nomenclature and references are provided for all species. The goal of this list is to set a baseline for improvement of our knowledge of the state’s staphylinid fauna, as well as to goad ourselves and others into creating new, or updating existing, regional faunal lists of the world’s most speciose beetle family. Key Words: checklist, regional fauna, biodiversity, Nearctic DOI.org/10.1649/0010-065X-71.3.513 Staphylinidae, the rove beetles, are a megadiverse South Carolina is a rather small, yet diverse state, family of beetles containing more than 62,000 de- ranging from low-lying coastal habitats through a scribed species worldwide. The family is found in variety of mid-elevation communities to montane virtually all terrestrial habitats except in the extreme areas encompassing some of the diversity of higher polar regions. It is the most diverse family across all Appalachia. The easternmost portion of the state is animal groups. Within the Nearctic region (non- within the Atlantic Coastal Plain, a recently rec- tropical North America), about 4,500 species are ognized biodiversity hotspot (Noss 2016) that in- known (Newton et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
    Clemson University TigerPrints All Dissertations Dissertations August 2020 Evolution of Secondary Sexual Characters in Pselaphinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) Laura Maria Vasquez-Velez Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations Recommended Citation Vasquez-Velez, Laura Maria, "Evolution of Secondary Sexual Characters in Pselaphinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)" (2020). All Dissertations. 2696. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/2696 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EVOLUTION OF SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS IN PSELAPHINAE (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) A D issertation Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Entomology by Laura María Vásquez Vélez August 2020 Accepted by: Dr. Michael S. Caterino, Committee Chair Dr. Peter Adler Dr. Juan Antonio Baeza Dr. Joseph Parker ABSTRACT Secondary sexual characters (SSC) are traits present only in one sex, commonly on males, and different from the reproductive organs. These characters have evolved mainly through the action of Sexual Selection, the differential mating success of organisms of the same species. Males use SSC to challenge other males for access to females, while females use these traits as signals to choose mates with overall good. SSC can manifest as horns, tusks, enlarged appendages, spines, coloration, and body size. Sexually dimorphic traits are present in all major groups of animals, including Insects. Sexual selection and secondary sexual traits have been proposed to be drivers for speciation on hypothetical bases, but empirical evidence has proven to be inconclusive.
    [Show full text]
  • Download .Pdf
    Current Biology, Volume 24 Supplemental Information Specialized Myrmecophily at the Ecological Dawn of Modern Ants Joseph Parker and David A. Grimaldi Systematic Palaeontology Diagnosis. Clavigerite pselaphines distinguished from all other Clavigeritae by Family Staphylinidae Latreille, 1802 possession of distinct, unfused tergites IV–VI; Subfamily Pselaphinae Latreille, 1802 further distinguished by possession of 8 antennomeres, maxillary palpi emerging well Supertribe Clavigeritae Leach, 1815 outside buccal cavity, presence of paired Revised diagnosis (modified from hook-like trichomes on paratergites IV and V Chandler [S1]). Head with 3-8 antennomeres, with smaller trichome on VI, and partially terminal antennomere with setose cavity in overlapping sternites indicating abdominal truncate apex (cavity absent in Colilodion, flexibility. Articerodes, Kurbatoviella, Disarthricerus and Protoclaviger gen. nov. possibly others); lacking ocular mandibular carinae; mouthparts small, barely visible; Type species: Protoclaviger trichodens sp. maxillary palpi small, often with only one nov., here designated. segment. Pronotum lacking paranotal carinae. Diagnosis. Protoclaviger, with its single Abdomen with visible tergites IV–VI fused into species P. trichodens, is presently the only a tergal plate (tergites unfused in known genus of Protoclavigerini. At this time, Protoclaviger). Paratergites IV (paratergites diagnoses of the new genus and species thus IV–VI in Protoclaviger) bearing tufts of match the tribal diagnosis above. specialized setae (trichomes). Legs with Description. Body length ~1.6 mm (Fig 1A, trochanters of middle and hind legs elongate, B), body form somewhat flattened dorsal junction of mesofemur and dorsoventrally. mesotrochanter distant from mesocoxa; third tarsomeres longer than length of basal two Head: Length: ~0.3 mm. Width across eyes: tarsomeres combined, first and second ~0.2 mm.
    [Show full text]
  • Army Imposters: Diversification of Army Ant-Mimicking Beetles with Their Eciton Hosts
    1 Army imposters: diversification of army ant-mimicking beetles with their Eciton hosts 2 Sílvia Pérez-Espona1,2*, William P. Goodall-Copestake3, Stefanie M. Berghoff1,4, Keith J. Edwards1, Nigel R. 3 Franks1 4 1. The University of Bristol, School of Biological Sciences, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TH, United 5 Kingdom 6 2. Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Isla de La Cartuja, Américo Vespucio s/n, Sevilla E41092, Spain 7 3. British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom 8 4. Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Kopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany 9 * Corresponding author: Sílvia Pérez-Espona, e-mail: [email protected] 10 Short running title: Diversification of myrmecophiles with hosts 11 Abstract 12 Colonies of neotropical army ants of the genus Eciton Latreille offer some of the most captivating examples of 13 intricate interactions between species, with hundreds of associated species already described in colonies of Eciton 14 burchellii Westwood. Among this plethora of species found with Eciton colonies, two genera of staphylinid 15 beetles, Ecitomorpha Wasmann, and Ecitophya Wasmann, have evolved to mimic the appearance and parallel the 16 colouration of the most abundant ant worker cast. Here, we study for the first time the association of these ant- 17 mimicking beetles with their ant host in an evolutionary and population genetics framework. The central emphasis 18 is on colonies of E. burchellii, the only Eciton species that harbours both genera of ant-mimicking beetles. 19 Phylogenetic and population structure analyses using the same mtDNA COI region (802bp) for ants and beetles 20 indicated that speciation patterns of the myrmecophiles were congruent with specialization to a particular Eciton 21 (sub)species.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded the Complete Data on the Fossil When They Were Not Identical
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/128314; this version posted April 18, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. i \Oxford-style" | 2017/4/18 | 19:19 | page 1 | #1 i i i A posteriori evaluation of molecular divergence dates using empirical estimates of time-heterogeneous fossilization rates Simon Gunkel,∗;1 Jes Rust,1 Torsten Wappler,2 Christoph Mayer,3 Oliver Niehuis,4 and Bernhard Misof∗;4 1Steinmann Institut f¨urGeologie, Mineralogie und Pal¨aontologie, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany 2Hessisches Landesmuseum, Friedensplatz 1, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany 3Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Zentrum f¨urmolekulare Biodiversit¨atsforschung, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany 4Albert-Ludwigs-Universit¨atFreiburg Institut f¨urBiologie I (Zoologie) Lehrstuhl Okologie,¨ Evolutionsbiologie und Biodiversit¨at,Hauptstraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany ∗Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Associate Editor: Abstract The application of molecular clock concepts in phylogenetics permits estimating the divergence times of clades with an incomplete fossil record. However, the reliability of this approach is disputed, because the resulting estimates are often inconsistent with different sets of fossils and other parameters (clock models and prior settings) in the analyses. Here, we present the λ statistic, a likelihood approach for a posteriori evaluating the reliability of estimated divergence times. The λ statistic is based on empirically derived fossilization rates and evaluates the fit of estimated divergence times to the fossil record. We tested the performance of this measure with simulated data sets.
    [Show full text]
  • ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA 60(2): 537–544 MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE Doi: 10.37520/Aemnp.2020.036
    2020 ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA 60(2): 537–544 MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE doi: 10.37520/aemnp.2020.036 ISSN 1804-6487 (online) – 0374-1036 (print) www.aemnp.eu RESEARCH PAPER The fi rst record of Archiclaviger in continental Asia, with description of a new species from China (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) Zi-Wei YIN1), Peter HLAVÁČ2) & Giulio CUCCODORO3) 1) Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200234, China; e-mail: [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6659-9 448 2) Department of Entomology, National Museum, Natural History Museum, Cirkusová 1740, CZ-193 00 Praha 9-Horní Počernice, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5060-0811 3) Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Case postale 6434 CH-1211 Genève 6, Switzerland; e-mail: [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-0621 Accepted: Abstract. The monospecifi c clavigerite genus Archiclaviger Heller, 1936 (Coleoptera: Sta- 30th September 2020 phylinidae: Pselaphinae), previously only known from Java, is reported to occur in China. Published online: A new species, A. gaofani sp. nov., was collected in nests of Nylanderia Emery, 1906 ants 7th October 2020 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Jiangsu Province, and is described here. The new species can be separated from A. overbecki Heller, 1936 by diff erent proportions of the antennomeres, and much sparser setae at the apex of the elytra and base of the abdomen. A revised diagnosis of Archiclaviger is provided, and a lectotype is designated for A. overbecki. Key words. Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae, Clavigeritae, Archiclaviger, lectotype designation, range extension, Nylanderia ant, myrmecophily, China, Asia Zoobank: http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:269CC302-9827-479D-8C09-76757F09AD95 © 2020 The Authors.
    [Show full text]
  • 02-S. Nomura-4.01
    Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, 36(1), pp. 7–25, February 22, 2010 A List of the Pselaphine Species (Insecta, Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) Collected from the Kaeng Krachan National Park, West Thailand Shûhei Nomura1, Watana Sakchoowong2* and Jariya Chanpaisaeng2 1 Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 3–23–1, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169–0073 Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, 50 Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900 Thailand *E-mail: [email protected] (Received 1 December 2009; accepted 18 December 2009) Abstract Faunistic survey of pselaphine beetles (Coleoptera, Staphilinidae) was conducted by the authors, Nomura and Sakchoowong in the Kaeng Krachan National Park, West Thailand in Apr. 2009. One hundred and twenty species of the subfamily Pselaphinae in 43 known genera were recognized. Three known species, Physomerinus femoralis (Motschulsky), Batraxis raffrayana (Blattn´y) and Mastiger brevicornis Raffray have been collected, which are the first records from Thailand. Fifty-two pselaphine species including them are known from Thailand. Key words : Pselaphinae, Staphylinidae, fauna, Thailand, Kaeng Krachan. ticerodes from Thailand. Nomura et al. (2008b) Introduction recorded Harmophorus gibbioides Motschulsky In the term from 7th to 15th April 2009, a col- and Cerylambus reticulatus (Raffray), the latter lecting survey was conducted to the Kaeng species of which was also treated by Nomura, Krachan National Park (Fig. 121A, B) in W Sakchoowong and Idris (2008). They described a Thailand by the authors, Nomura and Sakchoo- new species of Cerylambus, C. thailandicus from wong. As the result, one hundred and twenty Mt.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Pselaphine Beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) in Eastern Thailand
    Entomological Science (2008) 11, 301–313 doi:10.1111/j.1479-8298.2008.00281.x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Diversity of pselaphine beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) in eastern Thailand Watana SAKCHOOWONG1,2, Shûhei NOMURA3, Kazuo OGATA4 and Jariya CHANPAISAENG1 1Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, 2National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok, Thailand; 3Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, and 4Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan Abstract Pselaphine beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) are cosmopolitan, species-rich, and yet poorly studied, particularly in the tropics. We sampled beetles in three types of primary forest and two types of disturbed forest habitats in eastern Thailand to assess the utility of pselaphine beetles as bioindicators of forest disturbance. We simultaneously measured leaf litter mass, soil moisture, soil acidity and canopy cover at each site to infer which environmental factors affect pselaphine beetle diversity and abundance. At each site, pselaphine beetles were extracted from ten 1 m2 samples of leaf litter and soil with Tullgren funnels. We sampled 1867 adult beetles representing six supertribes, 51 genera and 114 morphospecies; 7% of the genera and 92% of the species were undescribed. Forest types differed significantly in species richness, abundance, diversity and evenness. Primary forest had greater numbers of species and individuals, and higher diversity indices (H′). Teak plantation and secondary forest had substantially fewer individuals and species of pselaphine beetles. Species composition differed between primary and degraded forests. Canopy cover, soil moisture, and leaf litter mass positively correlated with beetle species richness and abundance. Leaf litter mass and soil moisture were the two most important factors affecting the diversity of pselaphine beetle assemblages.
    [Show full text]
  • Myrmecophily in Beetles (Coleoptera): Evolutionary Patterns and Biological Mechanisms
    Myrmecological News 22 65-108 Vienna, February 2016 Myrmecophily in beetles (Coleoptera): evolutionary patterns and biological mechanisms Joseph PARKER Abstract Socially parasitic myrmecophily has evolved numerous times in arthropods, but myrmecophilous lineages are non-randomly distributed across phylogeny. Evolution of this way of life is heavily biased towards the Coleoptera, within this order towards rove beetles (Staphylinidae), and within rove beetles to two subfamilies. Here, I provide an overview of the diversity of myrmecophilous beetles and discuss advances in comprehending their biology, systematics, and evolution. I address possible factors underlying the skewed phylogenetic distribution of myrmecophily across the Coleoptera. Accounting for this trend requires knowledge of ancestral ecologies and phenotypic attributes in clades where taxa are predisposed to undergo the evolutionary transition from free-living to myrmecophilous. Clades that are primitively pre- datory, small in body size, and possess defensive strategies, either physical or chemical, that permit some degree of protection from policing worker ants, appear to be preadapted to evolve myrmecophily repeatedly. I propose that the mode of colony exploitation employed during the initial phase of evolution, combined with the potential evolvability of the body plan, has important consequences for subsequent evolutionary steps: These parameters influence if and how different taxa undergo specialisation to colony life and the mechanisms the most advanced myrmecophiles employ to achieve social integration. Myrmecophily is a paradigm of intricate symbiosis, which in certain clades of beetles evolves recurrently from an ancestral preadaptive ground state and follows a relatively predictable phenotypic trajectory. These clades are potentially powerful systems to explore the evolution and mechanistic bases of symbiotic relationships in animals.
    [Show full text]