Regular Services in the Cathedral

Weekdays except Wednesdays Matins 9.30 am Wednesdays, Saints’ and Holy Days Holy Communion 9.30 am Sundays Holy Communion 10.00 am Sung Eucharist 11.00 am Choral Evensong 3.15 pm

Cathedra is published by the Friends of Armagh Cathedral, c/o The Library, 43 Abbey Street, Armagh BT61 7DY. Email: [email protected] A Year in the life of St Patrick’s Cathedral, Armagh Website: www.stpatricks-cathedral.org Issue 13, Spring 2020 © The Friends of Armagh Cathedral Disestablishment - 150 Years on

Trimprint Ltd, Armagh A Year in the life of St Patrick’s Cathedral, Armagh The Friends of Armagh Cathedral

Cathedra is the annual magazine of The Membership of the Friends gives you the Friends of Armagh Cathedral. It is opportunity to help the Cathedral, and intended both to keep in touch with the participate in events organised by the members of the Friends and to be a Friends, without necessarily being window through which others can see involved in regular worship in the something of the life of the Cathedral in Cathedral. Anyone who wishes to support the previous year. It is free to the aims of the Friends may join. members, and can be purchased from Membership is an effective way to support the Cathedral shop. a cathedral standing on one of the earliest Christian sites in , tracing its The Friends of Armagh Cathedral was foundation to St Patrick in AD 445. established in 1938. It is a registered charity, whose aims are to bring together There is a pull-out application form for in a fellowship of loyalty and devotion all membership in the centre of this who care for the ancient foundation of the magazine. Do pass your copy of the Cathedral Church of St Patrick Armagh magazine on to anyone who might be and its continuing witness to the glory of interested. God, and to assist in the maintenance and preservation of the Cathedral for posterity. Contents Foreword ...... 2 Highlights from 2019...... 3-8 The Friends in 2019 ...... 8-10 Music in the Cathedral ...... 11-15 A Legacy for a Secular Age - a Sermon for the Sesquicentenary of the Disestablishment of the ...... 15-17 Disestablishment – What was it all about? ...... 18-23 Interview with the Revd Ted Fleming ...... 24 Regular Services in the Cathedral ...... 30

Cover picture: 1868 cartoon of Church of Ireland being destroyed by Gladstone.

1 Cathedra, Issue 13, Spring 2020 Foreword Highlights from 2019

How extraordinary! Gillian Faulkner’s for all that he has achieved as Organist article on the Disestablishment of the and Master of the Choristers, and we look Gregory Dunstan, Church of Ireland brought me straight forward to the resumption of ‘normal back to my boyhood as a chorister of St service’ when this is possible. George’s, Windsor. It was at school Dr Peter Thompson, now Prebendary of January Geoffrey Hamilton, of St there that I first saw the word, Mullabrack, writes about the Armagh The first major event of 2019 was the Columba’s, Portadown. ‘antidisestablishmentarianism’. Then, th Diocesan Singers, the Voluntary Choir and installation on Sunday 13 January of the the Church was hardly ninety years the wider sphere of music around the Revd Dr Peter Thompson as Prebendary of March disestablished. Now it is 150 years Cathedral, especially the Charles Wood Mullabrack, in succession to Canon Neville March opened with the World Day of since Gladstone’s Irish Church Act set Festival. Peter and the Voluntary Choir Hughes. Peter continues to direct the Prayer (formerly the Wom en’s World Day us free to be whatever our Lord would st contributed significantly to the life of the Armagh Diocesan Singers, and to be a of Prayer) on Friday 1 . Arranged by have us be. Gillian has given us a Church of Ireland this year, when the gifted and inspiring Assistant Organist. women from the various churches in wonderfully-researched insight into Electoral Colleges for Derry and Raphoe, Armagh, this year’s service was held in the how it happened. The following Sunday afternoon, at a Cathedral, on the theme, ‘Come, Down and Dromore, and Connor came to Sung Eucharist and in the presence of a You will be reading this, as I am writing it, the Cathedral for a Eucharist before going large congregation, six people from the everything is ready’. The address was at a time when the churches in Ireland about their work. These were inspiring Diocese were commissioned by the given by Mrs Florrie Hoey, the Cathedral have all been put out of our buildings. A occasions to attend. as Parish Readers. The Reader. virus has achieved what Cromwell could Mary Caldwell, our Honorary Secretary, Diocesan Singers sang the service. th not! We are learning, however, that the Lent began on Wednesday 6 , with a Sung has written a lively account of the past Church is not simply people rather than Eucharist celebrated by the Archbishop in year. Our thanks go to her, to the February buildings, but congregations of faith, the morning and Choral Evensong sung by Honorary Treasurer, the Membership The annual Girls Friendly Society kindness and mutual support even when the Cathedral Choir in the evening. Secretary, and all the committee for their Diocesan Festival Service was held on we are dispersed and unable to meet. th work. Finally, Canon Ted Fleming looks Sunday 24 February, on the theme, The Cathedral was, as usual, much Here, then, is some wonderful fare for back over a long and immensely fruitful ‘Whenever you see a rainbow, remember involved in the ‘Home of St Patrick these times at home. Immediately before ministry in the Diocese, marked also by his God is love’. The preacher was the Revd Festival’. Gillian’s article you will find the splendid gifts as an historian and his love of The newly commissioned Parish Readers sermon preached by Bishop Gregory learning. Cameron when we marked the Let me finish with a heartfelt ‘thank you’ anniversary of Disestablishment in to Drs John and Gillian Faulkner for September. His call to us to be the Church another splendid production. Thank you, for Ireland is truer still today. too, for all that you contribute to the Music is an essential part of the Cathedral as members of the Friends. If Cathedral’s worship. Dr Stephen Timpany you would like us to send a copy of this to conveys not only the contribution of the a friend of yours, please let me know. choir and its music to the Cathedral, but also how important it is for the choir to have life of its own beyond the singing. Gregory Dunstan We are enormously indebted to Stephen Dean

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th th On Tuesday 12 the Armagh Cathedrals April Forde, , preached a Monday 24 saw the first of a series of meetings Partnership hosted an event in the Market On Maundy Thursday, the Archbishop sermon well grounded in the of Episcopal Electoral Colleges to fill Episcopal Place Theatre, at which the speaker was presided at the annual Chrism Eucharist mission and purpose of a vacancies. The Ven. Andrew Forster was elected th the Very Revd William Morton. Formerly on the morning of Maundy Thursday, at cathedral. Bishop of Derry and Raphoe on 29 August, and which oil is consecrated for healing, and the Ven. David McClay Bishop of Down and Dean of Derry, now of St Patrick’s, , At a Eucharist in the afternoon of th th Dromore on 4 November. Because the Synod and with a life-long connection with he, the diocesan clergy and Readers Sunday 26 , the Archbishop Hall was closed for repairs, the meetings were Armagh, his words clearly touched many reaffirm the promises of their ordination commissioned Paul Turton as a and commissioning. After this, the held in the Cathedral. Each meeting of a College in the audience. Diocesan Reader. services of Good Friday, and Easter Eve is preceded by a celebration of the Eucharist, and th th On Friday 15 the Cathedral itself was the followed their usual pattern. it was on 24 June that a new red altar frontal, June given in memory of Dean Herbie Cassidy, was setting for a concert by Brian Finnegan On the afternoon of Pentecost Easter Day began early, with the used for the first time. and Friends arranged by Armagh City, Archbishop’s annual dawn celebration at Sunday, the Archbishop confirmed and Craigavon Borough the Argory, followed by the usual services adult candidates from the parishes Council. of the Eucharist and Evensong in the of Woodschapel and Gracefield, Kilmore and the Dobbin and St The Cathedral Choir sang Evensong on the Cathedral. Mark’s Armagh.

Eve of St Patrick’s Day, before adjourning th for a most convivial evening in the Music May In the evening of Friday 14 , the The annual Diocesan Festival Service of South Ulster Sinfonia returned to Hall. the Mothers Union, on the theme of the Cathedral to give a ‘farewell’ The Sung Eucharist on the morning of ‘Listen, observe, act – in step with God’, concert for their long-time Musical th th Sunday 17 , celebrated by the Archbishop, was held on Wednesday 8 . The preacher Director, Roger Jarvis, before his was followed by a gathering of members was the Dean. return to England. Roger will also nd be missed in the Parish of of many of Armagh’s churches in the Following their AGM on Thursday 2 , the Tartaraghan, where he was Shambles, celebrating all that we have in Friends held their annual Festival Service th organist for many years. common. on Sunday 12 . The Very Revd Stephen New altar frontal, in memory of Dean Cassidy Procession at the Mothers Union Festival Service

th On Saturday 29 , St Peter’s Day, Canon Michael th Kennedy celebrated the 55 anniversary of his ordination as Priest in the Cathedral.

July th The services on Sunday 7 were sung by the choir of St Mark’s, Portadown, under their Director, Mathew Greenaway. We were delighted to welcome the choir of St Paul’s Cathedral, Buffalo, to sing Evensong on th th Thursday 18 and Saturday 20 , as well as both st services on Sunday 21 , before they went on to St Patrick’s Cathedral in Dublin.

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August morning service for BBC Radio Ulster, and October The great event in the life of the Cathedral sang at the Cathedral morning Eucharist th th On Friday 4 the Archbishop called the in August was, as always, the Charles on the 25 . clergy of the Diocese to the Cathedral for a Wood Festival of Music and the morning to help those who look after accompanying September others look after themselves. After a International Organ Competition. As usual, September marked the celebration of the Eucharist, the speaker Charles Wood Festival – singing lesson in Music Room resumption of ‘normal business’ at the was the Revd Dr Maurice Elliott, Director Cathedral with a lot of activity. At Choral th of the Church of Ireland Theological Evensong on Sunday 8 , three boys were Institute. admitted as choristers, the Bishop Owen Harvest Thanksgiving was celebrated on Medal was awarded, and the Head th Choristers were appointed for the year. Sunday 6 . On the same day a congregation of the Latvian Lutheran th On Sunday 15 , the Revd David McComb Church met for the first time in the Archbishop announces his retirement was ordained Priest to serve in the parish Cathedral for a monthly Eucharist of Magherafelt. The sermon was preached according to their own rite in the Lady by the Ven. Andrew Forster, Bishop-elect of Chapel. Pastor Marius comes from Dublin th Derry and Raphoe. to minister to a small local congregation. The Pipers’ Service on Sunday 17 The Cathedral Choir sang an opening th th nd th Evensong on Sunday 18 . This was On Sunday 22 , under the title, ‘A Legacy On Sunday 20 the choir of King’s College brought to a close the 26 William th followed by an opening concert, featuring for a Secular Age’, we marked the 150 School, Wimbledon sang at Evensong. Kennedy Piping Festival. Singing was in the choir of Thornhill Coll ege, Derry. A Anniversary of the Disestablishment of the Afterwards they gave a short, wonderful both English and Irish, with instrumental week of stellar organ music and choir Church of Ireland. The preacher was the recital. A school with a great choral music provided by members of Armagh rehearsals followed, including Choral Right Revd , Bishop of St tradition! Pipers’ Club.

Evensong by the Charles Wood Singers on Asaph, who brought experience both of th th st In the afternoon of Sunday 27 , Maisie Wednesday 21 , a Gala Concert on Friday the central offices of the Anglican On Sunday 24 , members of the Church of rd Hazel Mullan was baptized, the first of 23 , and a final Festal Evensong on Communion and of a bishop in the Church Ireland Men’s Society came to the th three baptisms in successive months. Sunday 25 . Meanwhile, the Charles in , which is about to mark the Cathedral for their annual service. The Harry John Nicholson Lewis was baptized Wood Girls’ Choir both recorded a centenary of its disestablishment in 1919. th preacher at Choral Evensong was Canon on Sunday 17 November and Archie Bishop Cameron (centre) with the Archbishop and Dean th Barry Paine. David Latimer on 29 December. Two days later, a large congregation November attended the funeral service of the th On Sunday 10 , the Archbishop, who had Venerable Raymond Hoey, formerly announced his forthcoming retirement at Archdeacon of Armagh. The Eucharist the Diocesan Synod a week before, was celebrated by the Archbishop, the celebrated and preached at the Eucharist Dean preached, and the singing of the for Remembrance Sunday. gentlemen of the choir added movingly to

th the occasion. Friday 15 saw the nave of the Cathedral th packed for an Evening of Celebration On Saturday 30 the Cathedral Choir sang Praise with Kerygma Choir, based in the Evensong to mark Armagh’s Georgian Day. Diocese of Down and Dromore, directed Now an annual event, this service attracts by Lorna Palmer. a substantial congregation.

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December back into the Cathedral itself in the form st, Advent began on Sunday 1 with the of less financial support to help with its usual service of Advent Carols. outreach into the Community and with the

th maintenance of the fabric of the building. In the evening of Sunday 8 , a full We need more, not fewer, members! congregation from the Diocese, Belfast, Counties Londonderry and Donegal, and One of the tasks of the Management further afield, came to the Consecration of Committee of the Friends is to organise the Ven. Andrew Forster as Bishop of the Annual General Meeting. This is a Derry and Raphoe. The preacher was the statutory requirement for a charitable Revd Dr Maurice Elliott. An occasion body. The 2019 Annual General Meeting nd filled with joy, it was followed by a took place on Thursday 2 May in the reception in the Royal School. Crozier Hall, kindly granted by the Select Vestry of St Mark’s Parish Church. Forty- The Royal School held their annual Carol th one Friends and their guests attended, and Service in the Cathedral on Tuesday 10 . 10 apologies were recorded for non- Christmas Greetings On the same evening, in the Market Place attendance. Realising that AGMs in Theatre, Armagh Cathedrals Partnership themselves seldom inspire a large The 2019 Friends’ Christmas Card held its annual Advent event. The speaker attendance, the Committee had organised was Margaret Martin, former Principal of Christmas and Dedication of the Crib that the formal business was followed by a St Catherine’s College. th Planning ahead, the 2020 card will depict followed on Tuesday 24 . This is another mouth-watering meal and an opportunity st the Cathedral Choir in their scarlet robes; On Saturday 21 , Janette McDonald and to make friends with other Friends. service that has become well-attended. At we hope this strikingly colourful Glenn Carrasco were married in the the Sung Eucharist the following morning, photograph will prove as popular as it Cathedral. the Archbishop celebrated his last deserves to be. A quantity of wraps The Christmas season began with the Christmas as Primate. showing an image of the Cathedral were Fe stival of Nine Lessons and Carols on Gregory Dunstan purchased to enhance the sales of our nd Sunday 22 . The First Evensong of Dean popular tea towels. During the year the Committee also bought a new cassock and gown for the Verger. Dean Gregory thanked the The Friends in 2019 Committee, on behalf of the Verger and Mary Caldwell (Secretary), the Dean (Chairperson), and the Cathedral Board, for approving the In my report to you for 2018, I in Christ we who are many form one David Hamilton (Treasurer) at the 2019 AGM finance to purchase the clothing. challenged you about the meaning of body and each member belongs to all The annual Friends’ Festival Service was the word ‘friend’. This year, I would the others. We have different gifts. If it th One of our regular fund-raising ventures is held on Sunday 12 May. As in previous like to write about the word is serving let him serve, if it is to produce and sell an annual Christmas years, it took the form of a service of ‘membership’. Collins English encouraging let him encourage.” Card. While it may not yield a huge sum Choral Evensong. The preacher was the Dictionary explains the word as Could you as a ‘Friend’ of St Patrick’s in itself, it does help to spread awareness Very Revd Stephen Forde, Dean of Belfast st meaning any of the individuals making Cathedral encourage others to become of the Cathedral and its role in 21 Cathedral. This was an uplifting service up a body or society. The Bible, in Friends of this ancient and beautiful century life. Our 2019 Christmas card which was very well attended, with light Romans Chapter 12 verse 5, is perhaps Cathedral? The number of Friends has reproduced an unusual view of the refreshments served in the Deanery more appropriate to our situation: “So declined in recent years and this feeds Cathedral reflected in a sun dial. afterwards.

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For the autumn event, on Thursday All this was acted out in the Long Room of the st Writing your will? 21 November, we stepped back into Robinson Library. Friends and their guests then Leaving a gift through your will could be an ideal way of helping the Cathedral to continue the work the years of World War II. Sharon moved down into the Deanery where they begun by St Patrick in Armagh more than 1500 years ago. You can leave a gift either to The Friends of Dickson’s monologue, titled A Belfast feasted on a variety of delicious canapes, Armagh Cathedral or to St Patrick’s (Church of Ireland) Cathedral, Armagh. Advice on legacy giving is Story, recounted the experiences of washed down with wine and other available in the Parish Resources pages of the website of the Representative Church Body of the Minnie Davidson living through the refreshments. Members of the Friends and local Church of Ireland. We strongly recommend that you consult a solicitor on the best form of words to war years in the heart of East Belfast: business had generously donated a wide range use in your will. her hopes and fears, her joys and of prizes for a raffle, for which the draw was sadnesses, her indomitable spirit. It made as the last canapés were being devoured was a very poignant piece of theatre, and the glasses drained. A net profit of £734 well balanced with a hefty dole of was raised through ticket sales, the raffle and a robust Belfast humour. As a contrast, silent auction of a set of flower paintings by Music in the Cathedral 2019 it was followed by some songs of the Angela Kerr. Enjoyment of the evening had two World Wars, such as We’ll meet been tempered by some serious reflections on During the summer Dr Timpany was asked again, and White Cliffs of Dover, THE CATHEDRAL CHOIR the war years, and by nostalgia among the to submit an article on the music in performed by Kaz Robinson with her oldest members in the singing of war-time The Cathedral Choir has been growing Armagh cathedral to the prestigious accompanist, Mathew Greenaway. To songs, but overall the laughter, delicious food steadily and now has 30 members, the Cathedral Music magazine, which is finish, Kaz led the audience in and conversation made the evening into a great largest it has been for some years. They published bi-annually by the Friends of renditions of Pack up your Troubles success for all who attended. Please note that make an impressive sight processing Cathedral Music, a national charity which and It’s a long way to Tipperary. the 2020 Autumn Event is being planned for down the aisle in their scarlet robes. th seeks to maintain and expand the work of Thursday 12 November 2020: save the date! choral foundations of cathedrals, The Choir’s primary function is to lead collegiate churches, chapels, and other Before ending my review of the Friends in 2019 worship for many services throughout the appropriate places of worship in the I must tell you that the Committee had been year, whether for the normal cathedral and Ireland. The article, planning an extra event for May 2020. It was to congregation, the diocese or the wider which appeared in the Autumn edition of have been a pilgrimage to St Patrick’s Cathedral, Church. It has been another busy year for Dublin, with visits to other attractions, including Cathedral Music, may be viewed on the them in 2019. Highlights included the either attendance at Evensong or a tour of Cathedral’s website. liturgical and musical journeys from Christ Church Cathedral. Sadly, we have had to Advent to Christmas and from Lent to The membership of the Cathedral choir call it off because of the measures required to Easter, and the special music for St consists of seventeen boy choristers and contain the Covid 19 pandemic. I would like to thirteen gentlemen. During the year, Patrick’s Tide. The Choir enjoyed singing Sharon Dickson as Minnie Davidson thank Fiona Cleland for all the work she put Richard Chen, Jayden Cheuk-Ho, James at diocesan occasions this year such as the into planning the pilgrimage, and earnestly Heatrick, and Jude McDowell joined the installation of Revd Dr Peter Thompson as hope that her efforts on your behalf will choir as probationers, and in September a canon of the Cathedral, at an ordination, eventually prove worthwhile if the plan can be Andrew Irwin, David Leeman and Sasha resurrected later in the year or in 2021. and at the commissioning of diocesan Todd became full choristers. David readers. The Choir also led the worship for Jamison was appointed Head Chorister, Thank you for being a Friend of Armagh the annual service of the Church of Ireland with deputies Harry Hutchinson and Cathedral. I hope you continued to enjoy your Men’s Society, and it was a particular Stuart Stevenson. Matthew Jamison membership, while encouraging others to pleasure to sing at the ordination and received the Bishop Owen medal, an become Friends. consecration of Archdeacon Andrew award made to a choirboy who has made Mary Caldwell Forster as Bishop of Derry and Raphoe in good progress and attends well. This Kaz Robinson with Mathew Greenaway Hon. Secretary to The Friends December. award perpetuates the memory of Edwin

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Craigavon Shopping Centre. I would like the Music Hall, to a full and appreciative to thank the Friends of the Cathedral for audience. their financial assistance towards the I wish to express my gratitude to the choristers’ social trips. These occasions entire team which ensures that all this really are invaluable in maintaining the music-making takes place in the cathedral cohesiveness and family ethos of the choir. A new initiative this year was the young – the choristers and choirmen and their men’s Christmas dinner, which took place families, and the two regular choir in Embers, the night before the annual accompanists, Canon Dr Peter Thompson choir mums’ dinner in the same hostelry. and Mr Stuart Nelson. Thank you for your musicianship, commitment and good There were several organ and choral humour. It is very much appreciated and recitals throughout the year, the proceeds valued. of which support the ’s Choir Fund. In June the now Stephen Timpany traditional choristers’ concert took place in Organist and Master of the Choristers

The Cathedral Choir, December 2019 THE DIOCESAN SINGERS AND level of repertoire sung each month. A OTHER MUSICAL particular highlight of the year was Owen, who had been a choirboy in the in succession to Mrs Dominque Ballentine, DEVELOPMENTS singing at the commissioning of Readers Cathedral and later took and who held this position for many years. The for the Diocese in January, the first truly The Cathedral is a wonderful space for became Bishop of Limerick. Long- supervision rota plays an essential role in ‘Diocesan’ occasion for the singers. musicians to perform in, and so, as well standing former choristers Nathan the choir’s safeguarding procedures for as the Cathedral Choir, there are many The Voluntary Choir continues to thrive, Heatrick, Finn McCrory, Ethan Seager and practices, services and days out, and the other groups and performers who use and enjoyed a particularly busy year in Joshua Thompson ‘retired’ to the back row cathedral is most grateful to all these adult its space on a regular or occasional 2019. Its normal calendar comprises six and have joined the gentlemen of the volunteers. basis. principal Holy Days between Epiphany choir as promising young alto and tenor Social activities play an important part in and Ascension Thursday, and the Diocesan The Diocesan Singers marked their first singers. Following many years of faithful Synod service in the autumn. This year the life of the choir. There is a social event anniversary in February 2019, and have service to the choir, Douglas Ballantine there were an additional six services for for choir members and their families three grown in confidence and ability during began his university education in the Electoral Colleges, two each for Derry times a year, culminating in a barbeque that initial year. They are now firmly Scotland, and the choir wishes Douglas & Raphoe, Down & Dromore, and Connor. held in the grounds of the Royal School in established as a regular part of the musical every success in his future education and The input of the Choir was commented on June. The choirmen enjoy an annual life of the Cathedral, and enjoy singing career. The choir congratulates Adam favourably after each meeting, and thanks dinner together and the choristers and Evensong once a month. During the year Reaney on recently becoming an Associate were expressed by many of the visitors young men have enjoyed five social visits a number of new members have joined, of the Royal Schools of Music in Classical from other dioceses. this year including bowling and a cinema while a few faithful members have had to Singing and on being awarded the William visit in Lisburn, outdoor pursuits at retire for different reasons. The choir is Both the Diocesan Singers and the Lauder Scholarship at the 2019 Charles Lurgaboy, and visits to Portrush, particularly fortunate to have the services Cathedral Voluntary Choir are open to Wood Summer School. Well done, Adam! Newcastle, and Castlewellan Peace Maze. of Mr Stephen Furphy as the regular new members. Any interested singers are In September, Mrs Elaine Heatrick became They also enjoyed playing the large-screen accompanist; without his commitment and invited to contact the Assistant Organist co-ordinator for the choir supervision rota fast computers at the ‘Game’ shop in dedication it would be hard to sustain the for more information.

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winner of the Charles Wood Song Prize in City Choir performed two of the best- the inaugural Charles Wood Song known Oratorios, Haydn’s Creation and Competition, Malachy Frame (baritone) Handel’s Messiah. Amongst the other from Belfast, along with the Festival performing groups were the Kerygma choirs. The culmination of an Choir, a rousing ‘good news’ choir from inspirational week was the final Festal the Diocese of Down and Dromore, and Evensong in the Cathedral led by the the South Ulster Sinfonia, a 40-strong Charles Wood Singers. community orchestra based in Craigavon.

The Royal School held both its annual spring concert and its Carol Service in the Peter Thompson Cathedral, and during 2019 the Armagh Assistant Organist Choir of St Paul’s Cathedral, Buffalo A Legacy for a Secular Age

Visiting Choirs are always welcome, and choir of Thornhill College Londonderry, nd their contribution greatly enhances our senior winner of the BBC NI School Choir On 22 September 2019, the Right worship from year to year. This year we of the Year Competition. Another Revd Gregory Cameron, Bishop of St welcomed the choirs of St Paul’s highlight of the Festival held in the Asaph, preached a commemorative Cathedral, Buffalo (USA), in July, of St Cathedral was a Gala Concert, under the sermon at St Patrick’s for the Mark’s, Portadown, also in July, and of baton of Ian Keatley and the Festival’s Sesquicentenary of the King’s College School, Wimbledon, in Musical Director, David Hill. The concert Disestablishment of the Church of October. The latter gave one of the featured a splendid array of musical talent Ireland. We are reproducing his recitals in our annual series. Due to including the senior winner of the NI sermon here. circumstances beyond our control, the Organ Competition, Ivan-Bogdan Reincke th At the turn of 20 Century, there was a other recitals in this year’s series were all from Hungary, and the runner up and Bishop of Exeter, the Rt Revd Lord Rupert by our ‘in-house’ musicians, the Choristers Ernes t William Gascoygne-Cecil, who was in June, the Organist and Master of the Ivan-Bogdan Reincke, Senior Winner in Northern Ireland International Organ Competition 2019 regarded as perfectly suited by learning Choristers in September, and the Assistant Organist in November. and temperament to be the perfect bishop, with one exception, he was very absent- Bishop Gregory Cameron delivering his sermon The last week of August, in particular, is minded. On one occasion, he telegraphed always an intense week of music making his wife with the message: “I am in in Armagh with the Northern Ireland London. Why?” and in the we are in a International Organ Competition and the Today, we are in Armagh. Why? At this quandary about the language we should Charles Wood Festival of Music bringing point, you may wish to remonstrate: use. the city alive with music for eight days. Gregory – isn’t it obvious, you know why Celebrate? Well, we fought it tooth and Many of the 2019 events were hosted by you were invited, and besides it’s on the nail, and not just disestablishment but the Cathedral, including the opening cover of the service book. Well, let me disendowment as well. For where the concert given by Martin Baker, Master of th explain. Next year, we will mark the 100 Church of Ireland went, the Church in Music at Westminster Cathedral, and the anniversary of Welsh disestablishment, Wales was constrained to follow.

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Commemorate? Was disestablishment a “The greatest among you must become the bad thing? 150 years ago, we were, you servant of all” (Matthew 23.11). The sad and I, one church, the United Church of thing is that the Church has, in the past, England and Ireland, while today we are been too ready to enjoy its friendship with three separate (or as it says in the Eames the powerful in the state in order to annex Report – autonomous) churches, in danger the power to govern and to compel, rather of going separate ways. However, we are than to lay aside dominion and to embrace allowed to be authentically ourselves, the power of the Holy Spirit to transform living in our context. The one term that and reconcile. Too often we have been we are determined to avoid is Centenary, more Pontius Pilate than Jesus Christ. or even in your case Sesquicentenary, But now we are living in a secular age, because, we like you, claim an older when all pretence of compelling power heritage, and one continuous history since the age of the saints. and authority, even moral authority, has slipped from our grasp. What then is the The problem ultimately lies in our legacy that we can bring to the future? ambivalence towards power. Power We all know that we are called to follow seduces, power intoxicates. The Church the Servant King, but what might that has had a bad relationship with power mean in terms of disestablishment? This ever since Constantine, when bishops question brings us face to face with our Cathedral, became purple wearing members of the readings in scripture today. senatorial class, although the Gospels point out that even the disciples Our Old Testament lesson is taken from Kingdom. Peace: in Welsh, we have two (although that must never be avoided) but themselves wanted to be sitting on thrones the book of the prophet Jeremiah. He was words for peace heddwch, which is the also the need to turn again and again, day next to Jesus, judging the tribes of Israel, writing to a people who had been stripped absence of violence, of huge value, and by day, as disciples to face God and learn when he had altogether a more subversive of sovereignty, and dragged away to a something about which you need no new things from him – in season, out of view of what power was about. If we are strange land in exile. And these are the pontificating from a stranger, and then the season. attentive to the lessons received in Jesus, words God put into his mouth: “Seek the word tangnefydd, which conveys peace So why are we here? There can be only he demonstrated a distinction between welfare of the city where I have sent you”. with a sense of wholeness, of flourishing Power as dominion – exousia – and Power The Church is called to live in its society, and of holiness, peace which releases us one valid reason: to repent – in this sense: as the potential to bring about change – to know it and to be known, to be from the ravages of sin, but which is also to turn again to God, to renew our dynamis. Even when he was exercising incarnational – as God was in Jesus, about bringing the most broken from the commitment to mission, to be Christ’s exousia, authority over demons or nature, reconciling the world to himself. It is the edges of our society to the centre. Church. To take the opportunity to renew it was used to serve, to heal and to change job of the Church to learn and to relearn ourselves to be a Church for Ireland, and And the second word is Kingdom: God’s things for the better. The authority of what is the heartbeat of our communities, which acts to call people to acknowledge rule, for he transforms the heart, but also Jesus given to the Church is this power – the needs and their aspirations. A good God’s invitation to life, and which seeks to society. The call of Jesus is a call to to bring healing, to bring hope, to bring priest will know his people, a good bishop serve God’s power to bring change for configure our lives so that they face God, life. will ensure that she knows her wholeness and the fullness of life for all. and receive the gifts he has to give us. It communities in their brokenness and their Why then is the Church so often wedded is not strange that the first words of Jesus It is an honour and privilege to greet you desires. to exousia? Quite simply, because it is and his persistent message was to Repent, on behalf of your sister Church. May you safer. We believe that it is safer when we In our Gospel reading from the Gospel and by this word we must not only be incarnational in your life, and are in control, and when we can command according to Luke, there are two words of understand the first call to turn our lives inspirational in your mission. Thanks be conformity. But Christ calls us to riskiness. enormous significance: Peace and around and come in humility to Christ to God. Amen.

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This power seemed disproportionate As recently as 2014 when the idea of Disestablishment: relative to its actual role in Irish society in disestablishment of the Church of England which its members were a minority, and was raised by the Lib Dem Deputy Prime What was it all about? an uncomfortable comparison between its Minister Nick Clegg, Prime Minister David wealth and the circumstances of the local Cameron rejected the idea, saying: “I think populace also jarred with many. So it our arrangements work well in this Many of us learned in childhood that antidisestablishmentarianism was the longest rapidly became a political issue, and one country. We are a Christian country, we non-technical word in the English language, but very few of us had any idea what it which was taken up by the opposing have an established church,” and added, meant. Why was it was once advocated with such passion, and what does it still parties of the time. In 1844, as a tellingly, that disestablishment was “a mean for us a century and a half later? Conservative backbencher, Disraeli initially long-term Liberal idea but it is not a showed sympathy with the Irish majority, Conservative one”. The precise event that was celebrated in In 1800, the Church of Ireland had th saying: “That dense population in extreme 2019 was the 150 anniversary of Queen become integrated into the Church of What many of us remember from our distress inhabits an island where there is Victoria’s royal assent to the Irish Church England as part of the Act of Union that schooldays is that Gladstone’s mission was an established church which is not their Act in 1869. This paved the way for the joined Ireland with the Kingdom of Great to pacify Ireland. This he declared to a church and a territorial aristocracy, the Disestablishment of the Church of Ireland Britain. The two churches then formed colleague while in the process of cutting richest of whom live in distant capitals. – a process followed by a transition period the United Church of England and Ireland. down a tree on his estate shortly after Thus you have a starving population, an that was completed in January 1871. That As a result, one archbishop and three becoming Prime Minister for the first time absentee aristocracy and an alien church there had been a protracted political bishops from Ireland became entitled to in 1868. His path to the premiership had and in addition the weakest executive in struggle leading to the passing of the Act seats in the House of Lords, joining the not been easy, and included setbacks that the world”. But his views at that time did is now largely forgotten. It is hard to of Canterbury and York and would have ended a modern political not, in the language of today, ‘gain any imagine that to be a Disestablishmentarian 24 English bishops that at that time career. He first had to suffer the indignity traction’ with his fellow Conservatives, or Antidisestablishmentarian was at one comprised the Lords Spiritual. This in part of losing his Oxford University seat in the and disestablishment became a Liberal time as significant a divide in the politics was what lent the Church of Ireland 1865 general election. Among his cause, championed by Gladstone. of the day as being a Brexiteer or hierarchy the ‘power as dominion – constituents there was a body of Anglican Remainer has been for most of us in these exousia’ discussed by Bishop Cameron in 1874 portrait of Gladstone by Franz von Lenbach, the clergymen, many of whom were Bridgeman Art Library last few years. his sermon. uncomfortable with his support for disestablishment. He stood in a South Lancashire seat a month later, and was returned to Parliament -- but only to lose that seat in the 1868 General Election. However, as he had stood simultaneously in Greenwich and won there, he was able to remain in Parliament and become Prime Minister. He was finally in a position to implement reform. His plan for the pacification of Ireland depended on disestablishment of the Church of Ireland, reform of land ownership, and, ultimately, Home Rule. Of these, the lowest hanging fruit was disestablishment, which already had quite wide support at Westminster.

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Injustices of the situation in Ireland were Another issue was the sheer size of the clear to many. First, there was the issue of Anglican establishment in Ireland. This tithes. Since the Reformation, the Anglican was thrown into relief by hard figures Church in Ireland had been supported by revealed by the 1861 census: there was no tithes imposed on all Irish subjects, single county in Ireland where the Church whether or not they were members of that of Ireland had a majority of members. In church, and the vast majority had adhered fact, only 852,000 (12 percent of the to Roman Catholicism. This meant that population) identified as Anglican. Up subsistence farmers, and not the until 1833, there had been 22 bishops landowners, had to surrender a tenth of (including archbishops) for this number, their annual production to support the but this had been reduced to 12 by the maintenance of Anglican clergy and assets. 1833 Irish Church Temporalities Act. At the same time, their own church was However, this number was still generous. frequently making demands on them and In the Commons in 1868, Robert Lowe MP the burden was intolerable. A addressed this matter: “The Church of the erupted in the 1830’s (during a which a 12 per cent is not only endowed, but it is rector called Marcus Gervais Beresford Established. … and it has an came close to being assassinated). To Establishment altogether so superfluous resolve the conflict, an attempt was made and so monstrous as if it was intended to to make the system fairer. Direct tithes point and give sting to the inequality that were reduced and the rest of the sum to already existed. Just look at the difference be levied was replaced by a tithe rent between the state of things in this country charge, which landlords were then to pay and in Ireland. Look at the difference to the Church. In effect, tenants were still between the numbers of the members of paying tithes, but indirectly through the Church of England in this country and higher rents. in Ireland, and then recollect that there A sow defends her litter of 10 against a well-fed Anglican are twelve Bishops belonging to the Irish clergyman Church. I am reminded, in pointing attention to these facts, of the lines: “If in England, for three million souls, ’tis conceded Two proper-sized bishops are all that is needed, ’Tis plain, for the Irish half million that want ’em, One-third of a bishop is just the right quantum”.

But it was not just bishops that were in oversupply. More than 100 benefices had fewer than 25 church members each, around 200 parishes out of 2424 had no members at all, and one clergyman in a living near Bessborough received a good annual salary in spite of having no congregation -- and no church. An 1868 cartoon of the Irish Church and the Act of Union threatened by a tide of ‘sacrilege’ and ‘apostacy’ (sic) in a storm stirred up by Gladstone

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The compensation of the clergy was a this respect, Gladstone was fortunate in organisation; the assets of the church significant issue on both sides of the his timing. In 1869-70, the First would be transferred to a Government debate. Arguments against Ecumenical Council of the Vatican of commission overseeing a trust that would disestablishment and the consequent 1869-70, under Pope Pius IX, introduced a disburse the money where needed; there disendowment were often from or on dogmatic definition of the doctrine of would be no more direct or indirect tithes, behalf of clergymen concerned about their Papal Infallibility. It would have been and incumbent clergy would to be future income and job security. But there infinitely more difficult for Gladstone to compensated with lump sums. In practice, was concern not only for the finances of pass his legislation if he had attempted to many clergy agreed to commute their the priests, but also for the spiritual do so against the anti-papist backlash that lump sums in favour of annuities, and this, wellbeing of their poorer parishioners. In this move produced. together with generous donations from lay an Address of the Irish Archbishops and members, helped the newly disestablished Once the Irish Church Act was passed, the Bishops to her Majesty dated May 1868, church to build up reserves. question remained as to how the state the senior Irish clergy argued that church was to be restructured and To some within the church, members of a certain class were Mrs C F Alexander – a well-known antidisestablishmentarian disendowed. Politicians and senior disestablishment looked like liberation, a particularly vulnerable: “Too poor to clergymen addressed the problem, with new freedom for the Church of Ireland to provide the services of a clergyman for Marcus Gervais Beresford, now plot its own future course. Others feared Dublin and Glendalough diocesan synod themselves, and … particularly needing Archbishop of Armagh, playing a central an unimaginable disaster and doomsday last year: “While many still mourn the loss the watchful care of one … they would be role. The answer in this case was to scenarios proliferated. Cecil Frances of establishment status, many argue that little able to instruct and train their follow the Canadian Model. Something Alexander (wife of William Alexander, were it not for disestablishment coming children, who would almost inevitably be similar to disestablishment had been Bishop of Derry) was among those historically when it did, the Anglican absorbed into the masses of the Church of achieved in Canada in the 1850’s, and this devastated by the reform. She penned a tradition in Ireland might have found it Rome by whom they are surrounded. And provided a blueprint for the procedure hymn to be sung in St Columb’s Cathedral significantly more difficult to survive than thus, over a wide extent of country, little that would now be followed. In simple to mark the first day of Disestablishment it has done so.” It is indeed difficult to by little, the light of the Reformation st terms, the representative bishops would on January 1 1871. It began: imagine how an established Church of would be extinguished”. A few years later, Ireland would have survived the upheavals no longer be sent to the House of Lords, Look down, Lord of Heaven, on our desolation! similar concerns were expressed - that occurred just 50 years after and the church would cease to be a state Fallen, fallen, fallen is now our country’s crown. succinctly and alliteratively - by disestablishment. Christopher Wordsworth, the then Bishop Archbishop Marcus Beresford, who played a central and Dimly dawns the New Year on a churchless nation, constructive role in the disestablishment process of Lincoln. He preached that if Ammon and Amalek tread our borders down. Gillian Faulkner The Irish Ecclesiastical Gazette takes a dim view disendowment were to be imposed on his We now know that the worst did not large agricultural English diocese “it happen, and that the Church of Ireland would pauperise the priesthood and has survived, albeit with its diminished paganise the people”. The people would exousia. Our retiring Archbishop Richard be paganised as a result of the Church Clarke, in his Irish Times article published falling victim to “secularism, scepticism, last year, expressed concern that over the sectarianism, republicanism, and past 150 years, the church has put its Romanism”. focus on maintaining its internal unity at Related to this fear was the notion that the expense of public engagement, and once the Anglican Church was hence has maybe missed opportunities to disestablished, the temporal power exercise beneficial influence on society. vacuum created would be filled by the Still, the consensus seems to be that political influence, the exousia, of Rome. expressed by This would in turn threaten the Union. In Michael Jackson in an address to the 22 23 Cathedra, Issue 13, Spring 2020 A Year in the life of St Patrick’s Cathedral, Armagh

On my appointment, a retired clergyman Interview with the Revd Ted Fleming wrote to me saying I could be sure of a cordial welcome. He was right: I spent 35 happy years there, in due course being greatly supported by my wife Jewel – ever The Revd William Edward Charlton worthy of her name – in the work of the Fleming (Ted) was Rector of parish. Tartaraghan is an ancient parish. Tartaraghan from 1961 to 1996, and for It was the first parish in Ireland to benefit the last 15 of those years also of from Queen Anne’s Bounty, a scheme set Diamond Grange parish. In retirement, up in the Queen’s reign to purchase glebe land and thereby supplement the income he has become known for his interest in th the history of Armagh Diocese, and for of the incumbent. Back in the mid-19 the books which have flowed from his century, in the times leading up to the pen. We were privileged to be invited famine, it had been the most densely to talk to him and his wife, Jewel, at populated rural district in Ireland. The their home near Richhill. farms were mostly very small, but many of the households had a second income Ted, you have a very long association with through a cottage weaving industry. The Armagh. Were you actually brought up in Invitation to Christmas lunch from Archbishop and Mrs parish had about 7,500 people living in it, Armagh Diocese? Gregg, 1956 the overwhelming majority of them No, I was born in Maguiresbridge Rectory Church of Ireland, and there were both a in Co. Fermanagh, where my father was rector and two . In 1837, Rector, and I went to Portora Royal Archbishop John G. Beresford confirmed Have you remained in the Diocese of no fewer than 290 candidates in the School. While I was at Portora, my father The Revd Ted Fleming died suddenly – a reminder that in the life Armagh ever since? church, and in 1845 alone there were 120 th baptisms! Tartaraghan parish was of anyone, the ‘rainy day’ can come when Yes, this is my 64 year here! When I was subdivided in 1840, with the parish of least expected. From Portora I went on to of Glasnevin and Santry, and served ordained, it was usual to serve two Milltown cut out of it. Trinity College; in this, I was following a happily there for four years. St Mobhi was curacies and when the time came to move long-established pathway, as Trinity was a tutor of St Columba. on, I wanted to return north. I liked Later in your career, you were also Rector of set up in the last years of Elizabeth I with Dublin, and still do, but my mother was Diamond Grange. Please could you tell us In December 1956, I moved north to education of clergy as one of its aims, and living in . She was widowed how that came about? become the senior curate at St Mark’s the Royal Schools such as Portora were set and my two brothers and sister had all Armagh. A fortnight later, I received an In 1980, Tartaraghan was grouped with up as feeders for it. At that time there had moved out, so she was on her own and it invitation from Archbishop John Gregg Diamond parish, the practicalities quickly been concerns that the clergy in Ireland was nearly 120 miles each way from and his wife to lunch at the Palace on worked out and the parishioners there – a were badly educated, indeed they were Dublin. In 1961, I was fortunate in being Christmas Day. Going with some big caring family – brought a new sometimes described as ignorant. appointed Rector of Tartaraghan, a trepidation, I found that the assembled dimension to my ministry. Also known as charming rural area in North Armagh. At Trinity I studied Divinity, and my tutor party consisted of simply the Archbishop, Diamond Grange, it was quite a young was Professor Theodore Moody. He was a Mrs Gregg, and myself. They were most For many years, you continued to serve as parish, having been put together in the th Quaker and a renowned historian. After a kind and afterwards we adjourned to the the Rector of Tartaraghan, and have written 19 Century out of pieces of Drumcree short gap, because I was not yet of the drawing room where he placed on his a book about the history of its parish. For and Kilmore, plus a little from Loughgall, required age of 23, I was ordained in St knees a large box of chocolates from those readers not familiar with your books, and the former Grange lands of Newry Mobhi’s Church, Glasnevin, for the curacy which I also partook. could you tell us a little about the parish? Abbey. For a while, it had had its own

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rector, but in the 60 years leading up to chancellor was responsible for legal You are known for your interest in church Diocese, dating back to medieval times. the 1980 reorganisation, it had been matters, and the treasurer looked after the history. Has history always been one of These records, which include some of the grouped with Kilmore under one rector. accounts. The archdeacon used to be your interests, or is it something that most valuable medieval material in The core of the parish is the townlands of described as oculus episcopi, the eye of the developed during your working life? Ireland, used to be kept in the Registry at Grange Upper and Lower. In the middle bishop, and much of the administration of no. 5 Vicars Hill. A break-in there in the There were numerous books relating to ages, these comprised an outlying farm of the diocese would have been devolved to 1970s exposed how vulnerable they were, church and general history in the Rectory the Abbey, and were mapped into Newry him. He was supposed to inform the so Archbishop Simms decided that all where I was brought up, so the seeds of parish, and not part of Armagh Diocese. bishop of any irregularities or anything except the most recent records should be interest were probably sown at an early This meant that the produce of the farm transferred to the Public Records Office, at else he should know about the diocese. As age. At Trinity, my tutor Theodore Moody went to support the Abbey, and there was least as a temporary measure. They are a canon, you are appointed by the bishop was, as I said earlier, a renowned no resident wealthy landlord. Another still there. and your duties are to support the dean historian. Church history was also, of consequence was that residents wanting a and to preach a few times a year in the course, part of my course. In your book On the Hill of Armagh, you marriage licence had to travel to Newry to cathedral. In appointing canons, I expect quote from a poem by a medieval Irish get one. This practice ceased on While at Tartaraghan, I collected relevant that bishops have regard not only to scribe about his cat, Pangur Ban. One pair disestablishment 150 years ago, no doubt material in a series of notebooks, but I seniority but also to the need for a range of lines runs: “Hunting mice is his delight, a welcome relief to the people of Diamond hadn’t time to begin writing books until of skills within the chapter. hunting words I sit all night”. When and Grange. after my retirement from parochial life. where do you do your thinking and writing? I was appointed as a canon of St Patrick’s One special advantage I had was that of Cathedral in 1985, with the formal title of being the official Registrar to the Being in retirement, I am free to write at Prebendary of Loughgall. At one time the Archbishop from 1979 to 2009. This role home as long as I have the required Rector of Loughgall would have been the entailed keeping the record of all the material. Unlike the medieval scribe and Prebendary of Loughgall, but the link appointments, resignations etc. in the cat, my ‘hunting’ is for relevant between the two positions has lapsed. In Diocese. It was quite onerous, but it gave information and it takes me to all sorts of due course, I did spells as both Treasurer me access to the extensive archives of the places. I do have many books here at and Chancellor of the Cathedral. In theory, when you retire from a chapter, Some of Ted Fleming’s books you are no longer a canon and so not eligible to use the title “Canon”, but in St Paul’s Parish Church, Tartaraghan practice the title often lives on as a courtesy.

You are sometimes known as Canon What do the Cathedral and its ‘Friends’ Fleming. To many lay people, that simply mean to you? conveys a sense of seniority within the The Cathedral has always been a special church. Please could you tell us what place to me as my grandfather (after exactly is expected of a canon? whom I am named) was ordained in it by Canons are members of the chapter, which Archbishop Marcus G. Beresford in 1868, is the body which administers a cathedral. just before disestablishment. I don’t recall The chapter includes, of course, the dean exactly when I joined the Friends – and also the precentor, chancellor, probably in the early 1960s. I admire the treasurer, and archdeacon, as well as the support the friends give to the Dean in other four canons. Originally the caring for this Patrician foundation and its precentor was in charge of music, the ongoing Christian witness.

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home, some of them inherited and some that I picked up, for example at the Book Fair that used to take place in Dublin every three months or so. I have several books by Theodore Moody, who had a special interest in the Londonderry Plantation. Housing all my books could be a problem, but when I was at school in Enniskillen, I attended the Technical School and learned woodwork, so I have been able to make some of the mahogany bookcases you see in this room. The big trouble with bookcases is that it is difficult Ted and Jewel Fleming to group the books in them by subject as they come in such different sizes.

One of the best places I have found for Presently, I am interested in the life and research is the King’s Inns in Dublin. times of Archbishop Christopher Hampton. There are documents there relating, for Four hundred years ago, he purchased the example, to leases which had become 300-acre Palace Demesne as an controversial. I would have gone down endowment for the Armagh Diocese. there regularly, but it was a hard slog to Some of the land has been sold off for get what you needed as it was not development, but the rest still brings in a indexed. When I went to Tartaraghan, I very considerable annual return to the started jotting down any information I diocesan coffers, which is one reason why picked up in notebooks. I now have a he remains important. whole row of notebooks – and it’s still Thank you, Ted, for giving us this insight growing. into your life as a rector, researcher and You have written books about Tartaraghan writer. We look forward to reading the and Diamond Parishes, about the Hill of outcome of your investigations into Armagh, about the restoration of the Archbishop Hampton. Readers may like to Cathedral, and a magnificent reference tome know that copies of your books can be on two centuries of Armagh Clergy. What obtained from the Cathedral shop when it will your next book be about? re-opens.

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