Philip Jenkins
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Ancient and Modern
Ancient and Modern: What the History of Religion Teaches Us About Contemporary Global Trends Philip Jenkins Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Humanities at Pennsylvania State University Distinguished Senior Fellow at Baylor University’s Institute for Studies of Religion ARDA GUIDING PAPER Ancient and Modern: What the History of Religion Teaches Us About Contemporary Global Trends Religious developments in the contemporary world attract a great deal of scholarship drawing on a wide range of methodologies — ethnographic, economic, and sociological — but the historical component is still not as prominent as it should be. Certainly modern scholars have traced the historical origins of modern conditions, for example in terms of the Christian missions that created the flourishing churches of Africa and Asia, or the contemporary rise of Islamic fundamentalism. Having said this, surprisingly little work on contemporary conditions draws on the vast and flourishing scholarly literature concerning religion in earlier centuries, in the ancient, medieval and early modern worlds. Historians dwell in one academic world while scholars of contemporary religion inhabit another, and the two sides have little contact.1 Yet such a separation is unfortunate, in that the earlier history contains a vast amount of information and case-studies that are highly relevant to contemporary conditions. More important, perhaps, these studies tell us repeatedly that contemporary trends that we believe to be modern and unprecedented are in fact no such thing, and that they have often appeared in earlier eras. It is futile, then, to try and explain these supposed novelties in terms of strictly modern developments. Moreover, contemporary scholarship often describes processes that assume a historical trajectory, but often, the historical pattern is assumed rather than demonstrated. -
0714685003.Pdf
CONTENTS Foreword xi Acknowledgements xiv Acronyms xviii Introduction 1 1 A terrorist attack in Italy 3 2 A scandal shocks Western Europe 15 3 The silence of NATO, CIA and MI6 25 4 The secret war in Great Britain 38 5 The secret war in the United States 51 6 The secret war in Italy 63 7 The secret war in France 84 8 The secret war in Spain 103 9 The secret war in Portugal 114 10 The secret war in Belgium 125 11 The secret war in the Netherlands 148 12 The secret war in Luxemburg 165 ix 13 The secret war in Denmark 168 14 The secret war in Norway 176 15 The secret war in Germany 189 16 The secret war in Greece 212 17 The secret war in Turkey 224 Conclusion 245 Chronology 250 Notes 259 Select bibliography 301 Index 303 x FOREWORD At the height of the Cold War there was effectively a front line in Europe. Winston Churchill once called it the Iron Curtain and said it ran from Szczecin on the Baltic Sea to Trieste on the Adriatic Sea. Both sides deployed military power along this line in the expectation of a major combat. The Western European powers created the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) precisely to fight that expected war but the strength they could marshal remained limited. The Soviet Union, and after the mid-1950s the Soviet Bloc, consistently had greater numbers of troops, tanks, planes, guns, and other equipment. This is not the place to pull apart analyses of the military balance, to dissect issues of quantitative versus qualitative, or rigid versus flexible tactics. -
The Other Camp of the Saints: Comparing Christian and Muslim Narratives of Global Expansion in the Modern Era
1 The Other Camp of the Saints: Comparing Christian and Muslim Narratives of Global Expansion in the Modern Era Philip Jenkins 2011 2 The Other Camp of the Saints: Comparing Christian and Muslim Narratives of Global Expansion in the Modern Era My title demands some explanation. In 1973, Jean Raspail published the book The Camp of the Saints, a futuristic fantasy that has subsequently become a cult classic for the far Right on both sides of the Atlantic. Raspail imagines how the Third World's black and brown people invade and overwhelm the White North, which has been rendered defenseless by the rise of gutless Western liberalism. Obviously, I am drawing nothing from the book’s politics, but its underlying ideas do look startling in retrospect. For one thing, it is incredible now to think that a book published so relatively recently would fail to present its apocalyptic thesis in the religious terms that we now find so familiar. In recent years, the book has been quoted ever more widely as Europe’s growing Muslim populations have become more visible, but that Muslim element is nowhere in its pages. The Asian masses of Camp of the Saints are explicitly fighting to erase Europe's failed God, and passages from the biblical book of Revelation are scattered throughout the work; but they have no alternative of their own, and are not fighting for Allah or Krishna. They are waging race war, not jihad. In different ways, the narrative of a West being overwhelmed by the religion of what we would now call the Global South (a term coined in 1980) has subsequently become familiar among both Christians and Muslims. -
Milan and the Memory of Piazza Fontana Elena Caoduro Terrorism
Performing Reconciliation: Milan and the Memory of Piazza Fontana Elena Caoduro Terrorism was arguably the greatest challenge faced by Western Europe in the 1970s with the whole continent shaken by old resentments which turned into violent revolt: Corsican separatists in France, German speaking minorities in Italy’s South Tyrol, and Flemish nationalists in Belgium. Throughout that decade more problematic situations escalated in the Basque Provinces and Northern Ireland, where ETA and the Provisional IRA, as well as the Loyalist paramilitary groups (such as the UVF, and UDA) participated in long armed campaigns. According to Tony Judt, two countries in particular, West Germany and Italy, witnessed a different violent wave, as the radical ideas of 1968 did not harmlessly dissipate, but turned into a ‘psychosis of self- justifying aggression’ (2007, p. 469). In Italy, the period between 1969 and 1983, where political terrorism reached its most violent peak, is often defined as anni di piombo, ‘the years of lead’. This idiomatic expression derives from the Italian title given to Margarethe Von Trotta’s Die bleierne Zeit (1981, W. Ger, 106 mins.), also known in the UK as The German Sisters and in the USA as Marianne and Juliane.1 Following the film’s Golden Lion award at the 1981 Venice Film Festival, the catchy phrase ‘years of lead’ entered common language, and is now accepted as a unifying term for the various terrorist phenomena occurred in the long 1970s, both in Italy and West Germany. By the mid 1980s, however, terrorism had begun to decline in Italy. Although isolated episodes of left-wing violence continued to occur – two governmental consultants were murdered in 1999 and in 2002 respectively – special laws and the reorganisation of anti-terrorist police forces enabled its eradication, as did the 1 collaboration of many former radical militants. -
Italy and Its Traumatic Past
How to Transform a ‘Place of Violence’ into a ‘Space of Collective Remembering’: Italy and its Traumatic Past Anna Lisa Tota* Abstract: This paper seeks to analyse cultural trauma theories and their consequences as well as their potential applicability to cases of collective trauma where access to the legal arena in the rehabilitation process is not possible. When ‘state terror’ occurs, such as in Latin America, or, more arguably Italy, access to the legal arena is systematically denied through a variety of criminal strategies. In these cases, the cultural working through of trauma takes place on the aesthetic level. What are the consequences of this process both for the inscription of the crucial event in public discourse and for its relationship with justice? Moreover, how do aesthetic codes affect the public definition of justice and a collective understanding of what happened? Introduction1 A new wave of international terrorism has emerged in the wake of the attacks of September 11, March 11 and July 7 affecting our common perceptions of risk, justice and everyday life. These attacks challenged existing ideas about the state, war, torture, prison, human rights and presented a host of new questions for intellectuals, social scientists, artists, politicians and common citizens to consider. The question of how to locate terror in the public space is a complex question but it can be analysed by considering the nature itself of the aesthetic codes used to transform a place of violence into a space of collective remembering. This process of transforming place is shaped by the performative nature of the narratives used in the different national contexts. -
Philip Jenkins
1 PHILIP JENKINS Institute for Studies of Religion Tel: (254) 710-7555 Baylor University e-mail: [email protected] One Bear Place #97236 alternative email: [email protected] Waco, TX 76798 http://www.baylorisr.org/ http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/j/p/jpj1/ EDUCATION Clare College, University of Cambridge, England 1978 Ph.D. (History), University of Cambridge. 1978 M.A. University of Cambridge. 1974 B.A. (Hons.), University of Cambridge. Double First-Class Honors (Part 1, History; Part 2, Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic Studies). EMPLOYMENT 2012-present Distinguished Professor of History, Baylor University; and Co-Director for the Program on Historical Studies of Religion, Institute for Studies of Religion, Baylor University. 2012-present Emeritus Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Humanities, Pennsylvania State University. 2009-2011 Distinguished Senior Fellow, Institute for Studies of Religion, Baylor University. 2007-2011 Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Humanities, Pennsylvania State University. 1997-2007 Distinguished Professor of History and Religious Studies, Pennsylvania State University. 1993-97 Professor of History and Religious Studies, Pennsylvania State University. 1992-98 Director, Religious Studies Program, Pennsylvania State University. 1989-93 Professor of Criminal Justice and American Studies, Pennsylvania State University. 1984-89 Associate Professor of Criminal Justice, Pennsylvania State University. 1980-84 Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice, Pennsylvania State University. 1977-80 Research Officer on an Oxford and Cambridge project on the history of the English criminal law 1790-1914. 2 PUBLICATIONS I have published twenty-nine sole-authored books, and about 120 book chapters and refereed articles. A full listing of reviews of my books can be found at http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/j/p/jpj1/reviews.htm To date, my books have been translated into sixteen languages: Chinese, Dutch, Estonian, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latvian, Macedonian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovenian and Spanish. -
1 Creating an "Arc of Crisis": the Destabilization of The
“MUNDO ÁRABE CONJUNTURA ATUAL E ANÁLISE DE CENÁRIOS”- 2011 Creating an "Arc of Crisis": The Destabilization of the Middle East and Central Asia The Mumbai Attacks and the “Strategy of Tension” By Andrew Gavin Marshall Global Research , December 7, 2008 Introduction The recent attacks in Mumbai, while largely blamed on Pakistan’s state-sponsored militant groups, represent the latest phase in a far more complex and long-term “strategy of tension” in the region; being employed by the Anglo- American-Israeli Axis to ultimately divide and conquer the Middle East and Central Asia. The aim is destabilization of the region, subversion and acquiescence of the region’s countries, and control of its economies, all in the name of preserving the West’s hegemony over the “Arc of Crisis.” The attacks in India are not an isolated event, unrelated to growing tensions in the region. They are part of a processof unfolding chaos that threatens to engulf an entire region, stretching from the Horn of Africa to India: the “Arc of Crisis,” as it has been known in the past. The motives and modus operandi of the attackers must be examined and questioned, and before quickly asserting blame to Pakistan, it is necessary to step back and review: Who benefits? Who had the means? Who had to motive? In whose interest is it to destabilize the region? Ultimately, the roles of the United States, Israel and Great Britain must be submitted to closer scrutiny. The Mumbai Attacks: 11/26/08 On November 26, 2008, a number of coordinated terrorist attacks occurred across India’s main commercial city of Mumbai, which lasted until November 29. -
MJT 22-1 Full OK
Melanesian Journal of Theology 22-1 (2006) BOOK REVIEW: THE NEXT CHRISTENDOM – THE COMING OF GLOBAL CHRISTIANITY Eric Schering Eric Schering (MDiv, DMin), and his wife Penny, currently serve with Pacific Island Ministries in East Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea. Eric served as a pastor in the USA for 17 years, and also served with Promise Keepers for four years. They have lived and ministered in the Sepik River Valley for six years. Eric is involved in leadership training, and writing resource materials for pastors in PNG. INTRODUCTION Philip Jenkins, professor of History and Religious Studies at Penn State University, has written a marvellous book.1 A phenomenal amount of research has been compiled, and we readers are the beneficiaries. In this masterpiece, Jenkins attempts to describe the shape of Christianity in the next 50 years, with his primary assertion being that the centre of Christianity has shifted southward. To speak of Christianity as Western is rapidly losing validity. The huge influx of Latin American, African, and Asian believers has changed the religious landscape. CRITIQUE Jenkins has great depth and breadth of knowledge of the religious events of the past century, and does an excellent job projecting likely religious scenarios in the future. He’s correct when he asserts that the Southern form of Christianity is more vigorous, and more conservative, than its counterpart in the north. 1 Philip Jenkins, The Next Christendom: The Coming of Global Christianity, Oxford UK: Oxford University Press, 2002, ISBN 0195146166. 93 Melanesian Journal of Theology 22-1 (2006) His research on Great Britain is fascinating. -
Celebrating Sightings — 2008 Celebrating Sightings
CRITERION A Publication of the University of Chicago Divinity School Celebrating Sightings — 2008 Celebrating Sightings EDITED BY MARY JEAN KRAYBILL 16 Cracking The Da Vinci Code 30 The Future of New Orleans MARGARET M. MITCHELL JAMES B. BENNETT 2 Counting MARTIN E. MARTY 17 Twilight of the Icons 32 The Changing Faces of Islam JEREMY BILES MALIKA ZEGHAL 4 America’s Mythical Religious Past CATHERINE A. BREKUS 18 Remembering Martin Luther King 33 Religion in Modern Times MARTIN E. MARTY M. COOPER HARRISS 5 Mourning a Monsignor MARTIN E. MARTY 19 Tru-Envy? 35 Sanctuary or Spectacle? JON PAHL CYNTHIA GANO LINDNER 6 Pearl Harbor, Sarajevo, and the Events of September Eleventh 20 Supreme Court Theology 36 Allah’s Trailblazer EDWARD MCGLYNN GAFFNEY, JR. BRIAN BRITT R. JONATHAN MOORE 7 An Extraordinary Discussion 22 Greeley’s War 38 Watch Your Language JEAN BETHKE ELSHTAIN MARTIN E. MARTY MARTIN E. MARTY 9 Of Patriots and Saints 23 The World House 39 On the Migration of JONATHAN EBEL ROBERT M. FRANKLIN Religious Ideas W. CLARK GILPIN 10 “The Women” Are Everywhere 24 Collisions and Doubts AMY HOLLYWOOD MARTIN E. MARTY 40 Religion and Redemption in Black Snake Moan 12 Of Troubled Hearts 25 Billy Graham’s Final Crusade KRISTEN TOBEY CHRISTOPHER BEEM JAMES L. EVANS 41 Mother Teresa’s Agony 13 A Letter from Jerusalem: 26 Black Theology and Womanist MARTIN E. MARTY Christmas 2002 Theology in Conversation ITHAMAR GRUENWALD DWIGHT N. HOPKINS 42 The Economist on Religion MARTIN E. MARTY 14 Ryan’s Commute 28 Multiple Choices from the Founders MARTIN E. -
The Development of the British Conspiracy Thriller 1980-1990
The Development of the British Conspiracy Thriller 1980-1990 Paul S. Lynch This thesis is submitted to the University of Hertfordshire in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. January 2017 Abstract This thesis adopts a cross-disciplinary approach to explore the development of the conspiracy thriller genre in British cinema during the 1980s. There is considerable academic interest in the Hollywood conspiracy cycle that emerged in America during the 1970s. Films such as The Parallax View (Pakula, 1975) and All the President’s Men (Pakula, 1976) are indicative of the genre, and sought to reflect public anxieties about perceived government misdeeds and misconduct within the security services. In Europe during the same period, directors Costa-Gavras and Francesco Rosi were exploring similar themes of state corruption and conspiracy in films such as State of Siege (1972) and Illustrious Corpses (1976). This thesis provides a comprehensive account of how a similar conspiracy cycle emerged in Britain in the following decade. We will examine the ways in which British film-makers used the conspiracy form to reflect public concerns about issues of defence and national security, and questioned the measures adopted by the British government and the intelligence community to combat Soviet subversion during the last decade of the Cold War. Unlike other research exploring espionage in British film and television, this research is concerned exclusively with the development of the conspiracy thriller genre in mainstream cinema. This has been achieved using three case studies: Defence of the Realm (Drury, 1986), The Whistle Blower (Langton, 1987) and The Fourth Protocol (MacKenzie, 1987). -
{PDF} the Great and Holy War How World War I Became a Religious
THE GREAT AND HOLY WAR HOW WORLD WAR I BECAME A RELIGIOUS CRUSADE 1ST EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Philip Jenkins | 9780062105141 | | | | | The Great and Holy War How World War I Became a Religious Crusade 1st edition PDF Book His hero, and one of my heroes is George Orwell. At the one-hundredth anniversary of the outbreak of the war, historian Philip Jenkins reveals the powerful religious dimensions of this modern-day crusade, a period that marked a traumatic crisis for Western civilization, with effects that echoed throughout the rest of the twentieth century. Javascript is not enabled in your browser. Through the story of a famous comedian, George Simmons Adam Sandler , who has a near-death experience, and what he does with a second The disappointed hopes and moral compromises that followed the war also shaped the political climate of the rest of the century, giving rise to such phenomena as Nazism, totalitarianism, and communism. In this setting World War I appears as the first war of science and industry, the first great modern conflict. Hardcover , pages. Jenkins pushes back against the common view that, however idealistic civilians may have been, the horrors of battle made soldiers impatient with lofty ideals. Jenkins argues that we cannot understand the war apart from understanding its religious and spiritual aspects. It has been fascinating and educational. I firmly believe that no single event changed and then shaped our modern world as drastically as this war and Philip Jenkins only scratches the surface on one aspect of how this is so. If you read this and are too skeptical, you should be. -
A New Religious America - Philip Jenkins
A New Religious America - Philip Jenkins A New Religious America Philip Jenkins Philip Jenkins writes about demographic shifts in America's religions. In recent years, the decade of the 1960s has become a popular subject for courses in university history departments. Since humanities professors tilt well to the left, it is scarcely surprising that they generally focus on a familiar range of iconic events and individuals associated with progressive social reform--the stories of civil rights, the antiwar movement, feminism, and so on. As we gain greater distance from the era, though, the events of the 1960s that have the most enduring consequences are rather to be located on the other end of the political and cultural spectrum. Arguably, the most important single piece of legislation of these years involved neither civil rights nor women's rights, but was rather the Immigration Reform Act of 1965, which opened the country to a massive wave of newcomers from Latin America, Africa, and Asia. And however little anyone recognized this fact at the time, the 1965 Act also prepared the way for a far-reaching restructuring of American religious life, in directions that were distinctly conservative and traditionalist. The notion that immigration is transforming American religion may not sound too startling, since the media have of late been trumpeting the country's new religious diversity, its hospitality to Muslims, Buddhists, Sikhs, and adherents of other faiths. Last year, religious studies scholar Diana Eck published an influential book entitled A New Religious America: How a Christian Country Has Now Become the World's Most Religiously Diverse Nation.