41St RMS Program Notes
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Finish, Culet Size, and Girdle Thickness: Categories of the GIA Diamond Cut Grading System
Finish, Culet Size, and Girdle Thickness: Categories of the GIA Diamond Cut Grading System This booklet summarizes the relationship of Finish, Culet Size, and Girdle Thickness to the GIA Cut Grading System for round brilliant diamonds. It is intended to help members of the jewelry trade better understand the attributes of diamond appearance, and how those attributes are evaluated within the GIA Cut Grading System. Finish—Polish and Symmetry In the GIA Cut Grading System for standard round brilliant To determine the relationship between finish and overall diamonds, finish (for Polish and Symmetry features) is cut quality, GIA conducted extensive observation testing factored into the final overall cut grade as follows: of numerous diamonds using standardized lighting and viewing conditions. Observations of diamonds with • To qualify for an Excellent cut grade, polish and comparable proportions, but differing in their polish and symmetry must be Very Good or Excellent. symmetry categories, were analyzed to determine the effects of finish on overall cut appearance. In this way, • To qualify for a Very Good cut grade, both polish GIA found that a one grade difference between the other and symmetry must be at least Good. aspects of a diamond’s cut grade and its polish and • To qualify for a Good cut grade, both polish and symmetry assessments did not significantly lower a symmetry must be at least Fair. trained observer’s assessment of face-up appearance, and could not be discerned reliably with the unaided eye— • To qualify for a Fair cut grade, both polish and e.g., polish and/or symmetry descriptions of Very Good symmetry must be at least Fair. -
Old Puzzle of Incommensurate Crystal Structure of Calaverite Aute2 And
Old puzzle of incommensurate crystal structure of calaverite AuTe2 and predicted stability of novel AuTe compound Sergey V. Streltsova,b,1, Valerii V. Roizenc, Alexey V. Ushakova, Artem R. Oganovc,d, and Daniel I. Khomskiie aDepartment of Theory of Low-Dimensional Spin Systems, Institute of Metal Physics, 620990 Yekaterinburg, Russia; bDepartment of Theoretical Physics and Applied Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; cComputational Materials Discovery Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russian Federation; dMaterials Discovery Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026 Skolkovo, Russian Federation; and eII. Physikalisches Institut, Universitat¨ zu Koln,¨ D-50937 Cologne, Germany Edited by James R. Chelikowsky, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, and accepted by Editorial Board Member John D. Weeks August 14, 2018 (received for review February 15, 2018) Gold is a very inert element, which forms relatively few com- Old Puzzle of Calaverite’s Crystal Structure pounds. Among them is a unique material—mineral calaverite, AuTe2 has a distorted layered CdI2-type structure [the aver- AuTe2. Besides being the only compound in nature from which age structure has space group C 2=m (6)], with triangular layers one can extract gold on an industrial scale, it is a rare exam- of Au with Te atoms in between. However, there is a periodic ple of a natural mineral with incommensurate crystal structure. displacive modulation along the [010] direction, which makes Moreover, it is one of few systems based on Au, which become overall crystal structure incommensurate (7). The mechanism superconducting (at elevated pressure or doped by Pd and Pt). -
Calaverite Aute2 C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic
Calaverite AuTe2 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: 2/m or 2. Bladed and short to slender prisms elongated k [010], striated k [010], to 1 cm; also massive, granular. Twinning: Common on {110}, less common on {031} and {111}. Physical Properties: Fracture: Uneven to subconchoidal. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 2.5–3 VHN = 197–213 (100 g load). D(meas.) = 9.10–9.40 D(calc.) = 9.31 Optical Properties: Opaque. Color: Grass-yellow to silver-white; white in reflected light. Streak: Greenish to yellowish gray. Luster: Metallic. Pleochroism: Weak. Anisotropism: Weak. R1–R2: (400) 45.7–54.4, (420) 48.4–57.1, (440) 51.1–59.6, (460) 53.6–61.8, (480) 56.0–63.6, (500) 57.9–65.2, (520) 59.4–66.4, (540) 60.6–67.3, (560) 61.3–68.0, (580) 61.8–68.3, (600) 62.2–68.4, (620) 62.5–68.6, (640) 62.7–68.5, (660) 62.8–68.4, (680) 62.9–68.2, (700) 63.0–68.1 Cell Data: Space Group: C2/m or C2. a = 7.1947(4) b = 4.4146(2) c = 5.0703(3) β =90.038(4)◦ Z=2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Cripple Creek, Colorado, USA. 3.02 (10), 2.09 (8), 2.20 (4), 2.93 (3), 1.758 (3), 1.689 (3), 1.506 (3) Chemistry: (1) (2) (3) Au 41.66 42.15 43.59 Ag 0.77 0.60 Te 57.87 57.00 56.41 Total 100.30 99.75 100.00 (1) Cripple Creek, Colorado, USA. -
Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
Shear Zone Initiation in the Marcy Anorthosite Massif, Adirondacks, New York, USA James Hodge University of Maine, [email protected]
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library Summer 8-23-2019 Fractures, Fluids, and Metamorphism: Shear Zone Initiation in the Marcy Anorthosite Massif, Adirondacks, New York, USA James Hodge University of Maine, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Geochemistry Commons, Geology Commons, and the Tectonics and Structure Commons Recommended Citation Hodge, James, "Fractures, Fluids, and Metamorphism: Shear Zone Initiation in the Marcy Anorthosite Massif, Adirondacks, New York, USA" (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3050. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/3050 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FRACTURES, FLUIDS, AND METAMORPHISM: SHEAR ZONE INITIATION IN THE MARCY ANORTHOSITE MASSIF, ADIRONDACKS, NEW YORK, USA By James Hodge B.S. College of Saint Rose, 2017 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (in Earth and Climate Sciences) The Graduate School The University of Maine August 2019 Advisory Committee: Scott Johnson, Professor and Director School of Earth and Climate Sciences, Advisor Chris Gerbi, Professor School of Earth and Climate Sciences, Advisor Alicia Cruz-Uribe, Professor School of Earth and Climate Sciences Martin Yates, Professor School of Earth and Climate Sciences FRACTURES, FLUIDS, AND METAMORPHISM: SHEAR ZONE INITIATION IN THE MARCY ANORTHOSITE MASSIF, ADIRONDACKS, NEW YORK, USA By James Hodge Thesis Advisors: Dr. -
Taaffeite, a New Beryllium Mineral, Found As a Cut Gem- Stone.I
765 Taaffeite, a new beryllium mineral, found as a cut gem- stone.I By B. W. ANDERSON,B.Sc., F.C.S., C. J. PAYNE, B.Sc. Laboratory of the Diamond, Pearl, and Precious Stone Trade Section of the London Chamber of Commerce. and G. F. CLARINGBULL,B.Sc., Ph.D., F.G.S. With microchemical analysis by M. H. HEY, M.A., D.Sc. Department of Mineralogy, British Museum. [Read June 7, 1951.] ------ N October 1945 Count Taaffe,2 a brilliant if unorthodox Dublin I gemmologist, in the course of examining a motley collection of gem- stones, came across a small mauve stone which puzzled him greatly. The stone had the appearance, and most of the characters, of spinel, but afforded clear evidence of double refraction. As recounted below, this stone was later found to belong to an entirely new mineral species-the only c~se hitherto known where a mineral has been first encountered as a faceted gem. Since the precise circumstances of such a discovery have both human and technical interest, it seemed best to obtain from Count Taaffe his own account of the event. This is accordingly given below before pro- ceeding to the more formal presentation of the data on the new mineral, which has been named taaffeite in honour of its discoverer. On one of my rounds in search of gems I came to Mr. Robert Dobbie, watchmaker and working jeweller in Fleet Street, Dublin; he allowed me in his genial way to go through all his boxes in which he kept stones, to pick out any that were real-most of them were glass-and to make him an offer for them. -
1 Revision 2 1 Stability Field of the Cl-Rich Scapolite Marialite 2 3 Kaleo
1 Revision 2 2 Stability field of the Cl-rich scapolite marialite 3 4 Kaleo M. F. Almeida1,2* 5 David M. Jenkins1 6 7 8 1 Department of Geological Sciences and Environmental Studies 9 Binghamton University 10 Binghamton, NY, 13902 11 2 Present address: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 12 Newark, NJ 07102 13 14 *Corresponding author 15 16 17 1 18 Abstract 19 Scapolites are widespread rock-forming aluminosilicates, appearing in metasomatic and igneous 20 environments, and metamorphic terrains. Marialite (Na4Al3Si9O24Cl) is the Cl-rich end member 21 of the group. Even though Cl-rich scapolite is presumably stable over a wide range of pressure 22 and temperature, little is known about its stability field. Understanding Cl-rich scapolite 23 paragenesis is important since it can help identifying subsurface fluid flow, metamorphic and 24 isotopic equilibration. Due to its metasomatic nature Cl-rich scapolite is commonly reported in 25 economic ore deposits, hence it is of critical interest to the mineral resource industries who seek 26 to better understand processes contributing to mineralization. In this experimental study two 27 reactions were investigated. The first one was the anhydrous reaction of albite + halite to form 28 marialite (3NaAlSi3O8 + NaCl = Na4Al3Si9O24Cl (1)). The second reaction was the 29 hydrothermal equivalent described by H2O + Na4Al3Si9O24Cl = 3NaAlSi3O8 + liquid (2), where 30 the liquid is assumed to be a saline-rich hydrous-silicate melt. Experiments were performed 31 using a piston-cylinder press and internally heated gas vessels. The temperature and pressure 32 conditions range from 700-1050°C and 0.5-2.0 GPa, respectively. -
Optical Properties of Common Rock-Forming Minerals
AppendixA __________ Optical Properties of Common Rock-Forming Minerals 325 Optical Properties of Common Rock-Forming Minerals J. B. Lyons, S. A. Morse, and R. E. Stoiber Distinguishing Characteristics Chemical XI. System and Indices Birefringence "Characteristically parallel, but Mineral Composition Best Cleavage Sign,2V and Relief and Color see Fig. 13-3. A. High Positive Relief Zircon ZrSiO. Tet. (+) 111=1.940 High biref. Small euhedral grains show (.055) parallel" extinction; may cause pleochroic haloes if enclosed in other minerals Sphene CaTiSiOs Mon. (110) (+) 30-50 13=1.895 High biref. Wedge-shaped grains; may (Titanite) to 1.935 (0.108-.135) show (110) cleavage or (100) Often or (221) parting; ZI\c=51 0; brownish in very high relief; r>v extreme. color CtJI\) 0) Gamet AsB2(SiO.la where Iso. High Grandite often Very pale pink commonest A = R2+ and B = RS + 1.7-1.9 weakly color; inclusions common. birefracting. Indices vary widely with composition. Crystals often euhedraL Uvarovite green, very rare. Staurolite H2FeAI.Si2O'2 Orth. (010) (+) 2V = 87 13=1.750 Low biref. Pleochroic colorless to golden (approximately) (.012) yellow; one good cleavage; twins cruciform or oblique; metamorphic. Olivine Series Mg2SiO. Orth. (+) 2V=85 13=1.651 High biref. Colorless (Fo) to yellow or pale to to (.035) brown (Fa); high relief. Fe2SiO. Orth. (-) 2V=47 13=1.865 High biref. Shagreen (mottled) surface; (.051) often cracked and altered to %II - serpentine. Poor (010) and (100) cleavages. Extinction par- ~ ~ alleL" l~4~ Tourmaline Na(Mg,Fe,Mn,Li,Alk Hex. (-) 111=1.636 Mod. biref. -
Minerals of the Eudialyte Group from the Sagasen Larvikite Quarry, Porsgrunn, Norway
= Minerals of the eudialyte group from the Sagasen larvikite quarry, Porsgrunn, Norway Alf Olav Larsen, Arne Asheim and Robert A. Gault Introduction Eudialyte, aNa-rich zirconosilicate with varying amounts of Ca, Fe, Mn, REE, Nb, K, Y, Ti, CI and F, was first described from the llimaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland by Stromeyer (1819), Since then, the mineral has been described from many other alkaline deposits, and is a characteristic mineral in agpaitic nepheline syenites and their associated pegmatites. In recent years, eudialyte (sensa lata) has been the subject of extensive studies. The broad compositional variations and new insight into the crystal chemistry of the mineral group resulted in the definition of several new species by the Eudialyte Nomenclature Subcommittee under the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names of the International Mineralogical Association (Johnsen et al. 2003b). Brown eudialyte (s. I.) is a common constituent of the agpaitic pegmatites in the Langesundsfjord district in the western part of the Larvik plutonic complex (Br0gger 1890). Recent chemical analyses of the mineral have shown that some localities contain ferrokentbrooksite (Johnsen et al. 2003a). Other localities hold eudialyte (sensa stricto). Ferrokentbrooksite is the ferrous-iron-dominant analogue of kentbrooksite with Fe as the predominant element replacing Mn. Kentbrooksite is the Mn-REE-Nb-F end member in a solid solution series between eudialyte (s. s.) and ferrokentbrooksite, with an extension to oneillite (Johnsen et al. 1998, Johnsen et al. 1999, Johnsen et al. 2003a), as well as to carbokentbrooksite and zirsilite-(Ce) (Khomyakov et al. 2003). Carbokentbrooksite has a significant content of carbonate and Na > REE for the N4 site, while zirsilite-(Ce) has REE > Na (with Ce predominant) for the N4 site. -
Overseas Cutting Gem Mountain Sapphires
HEAT TREATING 202021 GEMSTONE MONTANA FACETING & OVERSEAS FACETING HEAT TREATING AND Recommended for Large High Value Stones and Custom Cutting for Jewelry Finished Gemstones Ready for Jewelry FACETING PRICE LIST Heat Treating and Montana Faceting Number of Price Cost per Stones Stone Pay for Heat Treating based upon 1 $54 $54.00 rough weight of the stone. 2 $82 $41.00 We recommend sending the heat treat- ed stone to one of our highly skilled 3 $109 $36.33 cutters for evaluation and a sugges- 4 $137 $34.25 Gem Mountain Montana, USA tion of the best cut to maximize the 5 $162 $32.40 size and value. 6 $186 $31.00 P.O. Box 148 We will contact you with cutting sug- 7 $208 $29.71 21 Sapphire Gulch Lane gestions and the estimated cost. 8 $230 $28.75 Philipsburg, MT 59858 Montana Faceting charges are based 9 $252 $28.00 Toll Free: (866) 459-GEMS (4367) upon the finished weight of the cut 10 $274 $27.40 Local: (406) 859-GEMS (4367) gemstone. Fax: (406) 859-5055 A standard 57 facet round brilliant costs $99 per carat ($99 minimum). Each Additional Stone Only $22 each www.GemMountainMT.com 11 $296 $26.90 [email protected] Fancy cuts cost $129 per carat ($129 12 $318 $26.50 minimum), plus $1 per facet. Faceting Billed when Done (BWD) 13 $340 $26.15 INFO FOR ALL ORDERS 14 $362 $25.85 based upon finished weight 15 $384 $25.60 Shipping and Handling: Priority Mail $11 16 $406 $25.38 Insured Mail $30 17 $428 $25.17 HEAT TREATING Foreign Address $ TBD 18 $450 $25.00 Improves Color and Clarity The Small Print: 19 $472 $24.84 # Stones or $ per stone or $ per carat Price is per parcel (one bag) Ct Weight whichever is GREATER 20 $494 $24.70 Add $30 per parcel (bag) per Split Order. -
Cut Shape and Style the Diamond Course
Cut Shape and Style The Diamond Course Diamond Council of America © 2015 Cut Shape and Style In This Lesson: • The C of Personality • Optical Performance • The Features of Cut • The Round Brilliant • Classic Fancy Shapes • Branded Diamond Cuts • Shape, Style, and Cost • Presenting Cuts and Brands THE C OF PERSONALITY In the diamond industry the term “cut” has two distinct meanings. One is descriptive. It refers to the diamond’s shape and faceting style. The other relates to quality, and includes proportions, symmetry, and polish. Most customers are familiar with only the first meaning – cut shape and style. That’s the aspect of All sorts of cutting shapes are cut you’re going to examine in this lesson. The next possible with diamonds. lesson explores the second part of this C. For many customers, cut shape and style is part of their mental image of a diamond. Shape contrib- utes to the messages that a diamond sends about the personality of the one who gives or wears it. When presenting this aspect of cut, you need to match the images and messages of the diamonds you show with the customers you serve. With branded diamond cuts, you may need to explain other elements that add appeal or value. When you’ve accomplished these objectives you’ve taken an important step toward closing the sale. The Diamond Course 5 Diamond Council of America © 1 Cut Shape and Style Lesson Objectives When you have successfully completed this lesson you will be able to: • Define the optical ingredients of diamond’s beauty. • Describe diamond cuts in understandable terms. -
On the Occasion of His 80Th Anniversary)
Crystallography Reports, Vol. 46, No. 4, 2001, pp. 521–522. Translated from Kristallografiya, Vol. 46, No. 4, 2001, pp. 583–584. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2001 by the Editorial Board. In Memory of Boris Konstantinovich Vainshtein (on the Occasion of His 80th Anniversary) On July 10, 2001, Boris Konstantinovich Vainsh- In 1945, Vainshtein entered the postgraduate course tein, an outstanding physicist–crystallographer and of the Institute of Crystallography and was bound for- member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, would ever with this institute. In 1950, he defended his Candi- have celebrated his eightieth birthday. date and, in 1955, Doctoral dissertations in physics and mathematics. In 1959, he organized and headed the Academician Vainshtein, an outstanding scientist Laboratory of Protein Structure. In 1962, Vainshtein and a remarkable person, has made a great contribution was elected a Corresponding Member and, in 1976, a to the creation and development of modern crystallog- Full Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. raphy. He was a talented organizer of science and the Being appointed the director of the Institute of Crys- director of the Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography tallography in 1962, Vainshtein continued the scientific for more than 34 years. traditions laid by A.V. Shubnikov and developed crys- Boris Konstantinovich Vainshtein was born in Mos- tallography as a science combining studies along three cow in 1921. He graduated with distinction from two main integral parts—crystal growth, crystal structure, higher schools—the Physics Faculty of Moscow State and crystal properties. The great organizational talent University (1945) and the Metallurgy Faculty of the characteristic of Vainshtein flourished during his direc- Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys (1947) and torship—he managed to gather around him people received a diploma as a physicist and an engineer- devoted to science and transformed the Institute of researcher.