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Galaxies Astro 322 Winter 2011 Feb Galaxies Astro 322 Winter 2011 Feb. 7 Monday, February 7, 2011 normal spirals irregu ellipticals lars lenticulars barred spirals “tuning-fork” diagram Monday, February 7, 2011 Monday, February 7, 2011 Galaxies classification: key differences: total mass, gas/stars ratio, mass-to-light ratio gas/stars ratio is connected with: •flatness of galaxy •current SFR •ages of stellar population, colors of stars •spiral structure Monday, February 7, 2011 Surface brightness, isophote, profile 15 Night sky at 22.7 20 µB 25 30 radius µB R1/4 Vaucouleurs law Monday, February 7, 2011 elliptical galaxies sequence: oblate/prolate classification based on ratio 10 (1-b/a) of galaxy’s isophotes M32 E2 M87 E0p NGC 4660, E7 7 13 10 - 10 Msun M110 E6 Monday, February 7, 2011 elliptical galaxies sequence: oblate/prolate classification based on ratio 10 (1-b/a) of galaxy’s isophotes M32 E2 M87 E0p NGC 4660, E7 7 13 10 - 10 Msun M110 E6 Monday, February 7, 2011 elliptical galaxies sequence: oblate/prolate classification based on ratio 10 (1-b/a) of galaxy’s isophotes M32 E2 M87 E0p NGC 4660, E7 7 13 10 - 10 Msun M110 E6 Monday, February 7, 2011 lenticular galaxies: some dust/gas, no spiral arms NGC 2787 SB0 Spindle galaxy, S0 NGC 4526, SB0 Monday, February 7, 2011 lenticular galaxies: some dust/gas, no spiral arms Cartwheel galaxy (S pec ring) Monday, February 7, 2011 Supergiant ellipticals/lenticular: centrally dominant (cD) more diffuse, larger haloes, more akin to lenticular IC 1101 Galaxy: NGC 1275: cD galaxy + high velocity system 14 diameter 1700 kpc,10 stars origin of cold filaments is unknown Monday, February 7, 2011 dwarf ellipticals (dE) sometimes mentioned to be intermediate between GC and E not fully correct: dark matter M32 Andromeda (M31) M110 Monday, February 7, 2011 dwarf ellipticals (dE) sometimes mentioned to be intermediate between GC and E not fully correct: dark matter M32 Andromeda (M31) M110 M110 Е5 Monday, February 7, 2011 compact ellipticals: small sizes and high stellar densities M32 Andromeda (M31) M110 (By Lanoue) Monday, February 7, 2011 compact ellipticals: small sizes and high stellar densities a small spiral in the past? M32 compact elliptical Andromeda (M31) M110 (By Lanoue) Monday, February 7, 2011 dwarf spheroids (dSph): lower L than in dE, only sattelites A distinct class by stellar population and profile NGC 147 Sculptor Different by brightness profile from Vast majority of dE and dSph are E and dE, closer to GC however closer by properties to Irr & late have dark matter type galaxies than to E! Monday, February 7, 2011 Vast majority of dE and dSph are closer by properties to Irr & late type galaxies than to E! Spiral galaxies: unbarred, spiral arm sequence from tightly wound arms to loosely wound arms M81, Sab (Gendler) M31, Sb M101, Scd Monday, February 7, 2011 Spiral galaxies: barred vs unbarred. a: small body, more tightly wound arms M104, Sombrero Sa NGC 6782 SBa Monday, February 7, 2011 Spiral galaxies: barred vs unbarred. a: small body, more tightly wound arms M104, Sombrero Sa NGC 6782 SBa Monday, February 7, 2011 Spiral galaxies: a-b Black eye Sab the interstellar gas in the outer regions of M64 rotates in the opposite direction from the gas and stars in the inner regions Monday, February 7, 2011 Spiral galaxies: barred vs unbarred b subtype M81, Sab NGC1300, SBbc Monday, February 7, 2011 Spiral galaxies: barred vs unbarred c: loosely wound arms Pinwheel galaxy, Scd NGC 3319, SBc Monday, February 7, 2011 Spiral galaxies: barred vs unbarred d: diffuse, broken arms made up of individual stellar clusters and nebulae; very faint central bulge M82, Cigar galaxy, Sd (used to be Irr in the past, near IR showed 2 spiral arms) NGC 2805, SBd Monday, February 7, 2011 Spiral galaxies: barred vs unbarred d: diffuse, broken arms made up of individual stellar clusters and nebulae; very faint central bulge M82, Cigar galaxy, Sd (used to be Irr in the past, near IR showed 2 spiral arms) NGC 2805, SBd Monday, February 7, 2011 Spiral galaxies: m - Magellanic spirals with one spiral arm NGC 5398, SBdm NGC 55, SBm Monday, February 7, 2011 Spiral galaxies: unbarred with ring in such galaxies usually gas counterrotating with respect to stars NGC 7742 SA(r)b Monday, February 7, 2011 Ring galaxies Hoag’s object NGC 4650A Polar-ring galaxy Monday, February 7, 2011 Spiral galaxies: grand design prominent and well-defined spiral arms ~10% M51 SABbc Whirlpool galaxy Monday, February 7, 2011 Flocculent galaxies: functional opposite of the grand design spiral galaxy ~30% patchy, with discontinuous spiral arms NGC 4414, SAc the rest of galaxies are multi arm galaxies, ~60% Monday, February 7, 2011 MIlky Way Monday, February 7, 2011 MIlky Way SBb/SBc grand design Monday, February 7, 2011 Irregular galaxies: Irr I (Hubble classification) have some structure subtyped in Sm (if have some spiral structure) or Im LMC -> SBm SMC -> Im Monday, February 7, 2011 Irregular galaxies: Irr I (Hubble classification) have some structure subtyped in Sm (if have some spiral structure) or Im LMC -> SBm SMC -> Im Monday, February 7, 2011 Irregular galaxies: Irr I (Hubble classification) have some structure subtyped in Sm (if have some spiral structure) or Im LMC -> SBm SMC -> Im Monday, February 7, 2011 Irregular galaxies: Irr II (Hubble classification) no any structure NGC 4485 (Hubble & Chandra) hosts ULXs Monday, February 7, 2011 Irregular galaxies: dIrr dwarf irregular: very important for overal galaxy evolution. Low Z. Lots of gas. Saggitarius Sextans A Monday, February 7, 2011 Monday, February 7, 2011.
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