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Growing Cleavages in India? Evidence from the Changing Structure of Electorates, 1962-2014
WID.world WORKING PAPER N° 2019/05 Growing Cleavages in India? Evidence from the Changing Structure of Electorates, 1962-2014 Abhijit Banerjee Amory Gethin Thomas Piketty March 2019 Growing Cleavages in India? Evidence from the Changing Structure of Electorates, 1962-2014 Abhijit Banerjee, Amory Gethin, Thomas Piketty* January 16, 2019 Abstract This paper combines surveys, election results and social spending data to document the long-run evolution of political cleavages in India. From a dominant- party system featuring the Indian National Congress as the main actor of the mediation of political conflicts, Indian politics have gradually come to include a number of smaller regionalist parties and, more recently, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). These changes coincide with the rise of religious divisions and the persistence of strong caste-based cleavages, while education, income and occupation play little role (controlling for caste) in determining voters’ choices. We find no evidence that India’s new party system has been associated with changes in social policy. While BJP-led states are generally characterized by a smaller social sector, switching to a party representing upper castes or upper classes has no significant effect on social spending. We interpret this as evidence that voters seem to be less driven by straightforward economic interests than by sectarian interests and cultural priorities. In India, as in many Western democracies, political conflicts have become increasingly focused on identity and religious-ethnic conflicts -
18 December 2020 Reliance and Bp Announce First Gas from Asia's
18 December 2020 Reliance and bp announce first gas from Asia’s deepest project • Commissioned India's first ultra-deepwater gas project • First in trio of projects that is expected to meet ~15% of India’s gas demand and account for ~25% of domestic production Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) and bp today announced the start of production from the R Cluster, ultra-deep-water gas field in block KG D6 off the east coast of India. RIL and bp are developing three deepwater gas projects in block KG D6 – R Cluster, Satellites Cluster and MJ – which together are expected to meet ~15% of India’s gas demand by 2023. These projects will utilise the existing hub infrastructure in KG D6 block. RIL is the operator of KG D6 with a 66.67% participating interest and bp holds a 33.33% participating interest. R Cluster is the first of the three projects to come onstream. The field is located about 60 kilometers from the existing KG D6 Control & Riser Platform (CRP) off the Kakinada coast and comprises a subsea production system tied back to CRP via a subsea pipeline. Located at a water depth of greater than 2000 meters, it is the deepest offshore gas field in Asia. The field is expected to reach plateau gas production of about 12.9 million standard cubic meters per day (mmscmd) in 2021. Mukesh Ambani, chairman and managing director of Reliance Industries Limited added: “We are proud of our partnership with bp that combines our expertise in commissioning gas projects expeditiously, under some of the most challenging geographical and weather conditions. -
Press Release Reliance Industries Limited
Press Release Reliance Industries LImited March 30, 2020 Ratings Amount Facilities Rating1 Rating Action (Rs. crore) CARE AAA; Non-Convertible Debentures 10,386 Stable(Triple A; Assigned Outlook: Stable) Details of instruments/facilities in Annexure-1 Other Ratings Instruments Amount (Rs.Crore) Ratings Non-Convertible Debenture 40,000 CARE AAA; Stable Commercial Paper 34,500 CARE A1+ Detailed Rationale& Key Rating Drivers On March 18, 2020, the company announced that the Hon’ble National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT), Ahmedabad Bench has approved the Scheme, for transfer of certain identified liabilities from Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited (RJIL; rated CARE AAA; Stable/ CARE A1+, CARE AAA (CE); Stable) to Reliance Industries Limited (RIL). Pursuant to the Scheme of Arrangement amongst RJIL and certain classes of its creditors (the “Scheme”) as sanctioned by the Hon’ble National Company Law Tribunal, Ahmedabad Bench, vide its order dated March 13, 2020, RIL has assumed the NCDs issued by RJIL. The rating continues to factor in the immensely experienced and resourceful promoter group, highly integrated nature of operations with presence across the entire energy value chain, diversified revenue streams, massive scale of downstream business with one of the most complex refineries, established leadership position in the petrochemical segment as well as strong financial risk profile characterized by robust capital structure, stable cash flows and healthy liquidity position. The rating also factors in the increasing wireless subscriber base which has led its digital services business to attain a leadership position in the industry as well as the various steps announced by the management to reduce the debt on a consolidated level. -
Digital Payments Take Off in India December 9, 2016
DIGITAL PAYMENTS TAKE OFF IN INDIA DECEMBER 9, 2016 SUMMARY ABOUT ASG On November 8, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that at the stroke of Albright Stonebridge Group midnight, currency notes of Rs. 500 and Rs. 1,000 denominations would cease to be (ASG) is a leading global legal tender. business strategy firm. We help clients understand and Following the announcement, digital payments through credit and debit cards as well successfully navigate the as digital wallets have accelerated, and the government is continuing its push to economic, political, and decrease cash payments in the economy. social landscape in international markets. The government has announced incentives including waiving service taxes on ASG’s worldwide team of digital payments, discounts on purchases (petrol, railway tickets, highway tolls), commercial diplomats has and more. served clients in more than 110 countries. Over 12.6 trillion rupees ($185 billion) have been deposited into bank accounts since the government’s announcement on November 8. ALBRIGHTSTONEBRIDGE.COM GDP growth is expected to suffer in the short-run, according to S&P and Moody’s. Shortage of card-reading machines has been a boon for mobile payments companies. The Reserve Bank of India has waived off two-factor authentication requirements to transactions valued under Rs. 2,000. The Finance Ministry has announced plans to make all payments above Rs. 5,000 by government departments to contracts via electronic payments. A high-level committee of chief ministers has been formed to develop a roadmap for increased use of digital payments in the economy. The government is working on an upgraded Unified Payments Interface for banks to increase ease of use and security across the network. -
Reliance Industries and Reliance Communications Sign Telecom Tower Pact
Reliance Industries and Reliance Communications Sign Telecom Tower Pact The Ambani brothers have signed a mega deal to share mobile telecom towers. The agreement would permit Reliance Jio Infocomm, a subsidiary of Mukesh Ambani's, Reliance Industries Limited to rent 45000 telecom towers of Anil's Reliance Communications for a period of 15 years. Reliance Jio Infocomm will pay Rs. 12000 crores to Reliance Communication for this lease, which translates to around Rs. 14000-15000 per tower per month. The deal is a win-win for both the companies as it provides a regular income stream for Reliance Comunications and a quicker and economical network capability to Reliance Jio Infocomm when it rolls out its 4G services. Reliance Jio Infocomm could commence occupying some of the towers in the next six months. As per the market sources, Reliance Jio Infocomm did a hard bargain as the prevailing market rental value for a telecom tower ranges around Rs. 25000 - 30000 per month. Reliance Communication will use a large part of the proceeds to retire debt. It has an outstanding debt of around Rs 39,000 crores. This is the second telecom business deal between the two Ambani brothers. Earlier, in April this year these two companies had signed a Rs. 1200 crore pact to share the optic fibre network for carrying call traffic across the country. According to Gurdeep Singh - chief executive (mobility), Reliance Communications, it is possible that these two firms will sign more deals that are mutually beneficial. Synergies in telecom operations appear to have brought the two family factions together. -
Political Parties in India
A M K RESOURCE WORLD GENERAL KNOWLEDGE www.amkresourceinfo.com Political Parties in India India has very diverse multi party political system. There are three types of political parties in Indiai.e. national parties (7), state recognized party (48) and unrecognized parties (1706). All the political parties which wish to contest local, state or national elections are required to be registered by the Election Commission of India (ECI). A recognized party enjoys privileges like reserved party symbol, free broadcast time on state run television and radio in the favour of party. Election commission asks to these national parties regarding the date of elections and receives inputs for the conduct of free and fair polls National Party: A registered party is recognised as a National Party only if it fulfils any one of the following three conditions: 1. If a party wins 2% of seats in the Lok Sabha (as of 2014, 11 seats) from at least 3 different States. 2. At a General Election to Lok Sabha or Legislative Assembly, the party polls 6% of votes in four States in addition to 4 Lok Sabha seats. 3. A party is recognised as a State Party in four or more States. The Indian political parties are categorized into two main types. National level parties and state level parties. National parties are political parties which, participate in different elections all over India. For example, Indian National Congress, Bhartiya Janata Party, Bahujan Samaj Party, Samajwadi Party, Communist Party of India, Communist Party of India (Marxist) and some other parties. State parties or regional parties are political parties which, participate in different elections but only within one 1 www.amkresourceinfo.com A M K RESOURCE WORLD GENERAL KNOWLEDGE state. -
Understanding the Success of India's Aam Aadmi Party in 2015 Delhi
Local contest, national impact: understanding the success of India's Aam Aadmi Party in 2015 Delhi assembly election Article (Accepted Version) Diwakar, Rekha (2016) Local contest, national impact: understanding the success of India’s Aam Aadmi Party in 2015 Delhi assembly election. Representation, 52 (1). pp. 71-80. ISSN 0034-4893 This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/65263/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse: Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University. Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available. Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk Local contest, national impact: Understanding the success of India’s Aam Aadmi Party in 2015 Delhi assembly election Abstract: In this paper, I discuss how a relatively new anti-corruption political party in India – the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) was able to achieve an unprecedented electoral victory in the 2015 Delhi assembly election, comprehensively defeating the two national parties – Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Congress Party. -
Bjp Further Consolidates Power in India March 15, 2017
BJP FURTHER CONSOLIDATES POWER IN INDIA MARCH 15, 2017 SUMMARY ABOUT ASG Prime Minister Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) experienced landslide wins in Albright Stonebridge Group several state elections last week, particularly in the political bellwether states of (ASG) is the premier global Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. strategy and commercial diplomacy firm. We help These wins indicate a resounding endorsement of Modi’s pro-poor and anti- clients understand and corruption agenda, and reject the widely expected blowback from the prime successfully navigate the minister’s demonetization policy. economic, political, and social landscape in The BJP will be forming governments in four out of the five states where elections international markets. were held, including an unexpected coalition in Manipur. ASG’s worldwide team has served clients in more than Mr. Modi’s party will gain seats in the Rajya Sabha, India’s upper house, but will 110 countries. not cross the 123 seats required for a majority in the near future. ALBRIGHTSTONEBRIDGE.COM Political stability and consolidation of power by the BJP raises expectations of continued economic reforms to sustain India’s rapidly growing economy. UNPRECEDENTED ENDORSEMENT OF THE PRIME MINISTER’S POLICIES Labeled as a referendum on Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s demonetization efforts, the Bharatiya Janata Party’s (BJP) state elections victory last week makes clear that the Modi phenomenon is stronger than ever. The elections have been such a focus that India’s Budget Session of Parliament, which resumed on March 8 and is usually covered with excitement, has been a sideshow for the last few weeks. -
Mukesh Ambani Buys 'Goldfinger' Stoke Park Golf Club for £57M
Mukesh Ambani buys ‘Goldfinger’ Stoke Park golf club for £57m Deal marks second UK trophy asset after 2019 purchase of Hamleys toy store Sean Connery’s James Bond plays against Auric Goldfinger at Stoke Park, in the 1964 film © Handout Asia’s richest man has bought an English country club that featured in two James Bond films for £57m, adding a trophy asset to a global portfolio that includes UK toy store Hamleys. A subsidiary of Mukesh Ambani’s Reliance Industries has agreed a deal for Stoke Park, a Georgian mansion on 300 acres in Buckinghamshire, which includes a luxury hotel and golf club. The acquisition adds glamour to Ambani’s conglomerate, which is better known for its Indian energy and telecoms businesses. “You can see Windsor Castle from the golf course: it is a trophy asset,” said Charles McDowell, a buying agent. Stoke Park has been in the hands of the King family, owners of healthcare company International Hospitals Group, since 1988. The family put the estate up for sale in 2018 and was originally aiming for a far higher price, according to two people with knowledge of the sale. The estate, which attracted interest from buyers from China and the Middle East as well as Ambani, had been hoped to fetch “more than £100m”, said one of the people. Before opening as a luxury country club in 1908, Stoke Park was a private residence. Roarie Scarisbrick, partner at buying agency Property Vision, said one potential buyer had considered converting the 49-bedroom hotel back into a home but pulled out because “they didn’t want the reputational fallout” from closing the golf club and sacking staff. -
From India Against Corruption to the Aam Aadmi Party: Social Movements, Political Parties and Citizen Engagement in India
Chapter 2 Prashant SHARMA From India Against Corruption to the Aam Aadmi Party: Social Movements, Political Parties and Citizen Engagement in India Introduction Anna Hazare, a well-known social activist, began a hunger strike in New Delhi in April 2011 to pressure the Indian Government to enact a strong and effective Lokpal (Federal Ombudsman) Act in order to root out corruption from the country, in response to the exposure of XQSUHFHGHQWHGÀQDQFLDOVFDPVDQGFRUUXSWLRQ1 3XEOLFWUXVWLQWKHJRYHUQPHQWVSHFLÀFDOO\DQGWKHSROLWLFDOFODVV LQ general seemed to be at an all-time low, which drew an impassioned response to Hazare’s fast, prompting the largest popular protest in India in recent memory. Thousands descended on the site of the fast in New Delhi in his support, leading some to call it ‘India’s Tahrir Square’ (Rajalakshmi 2011). Social media facilitated a huge outpouring of support for Hazare’s cause, the dominant tone of which was an anguished tirade against corruption. According to an editorial in The Indian Express: By now, it’s been compared to Tahrir, to 1968, even to Woodstock. For those who have never experienced the energy of a mass movement, the Anna Hazare-led movement over the Lokpal bill feels like catharsis, like revolution, a tidal wave that will sweep away the entire venal political class and replace it with those who feel their pain. What connects this crowd of ex-servicemen, yoga enthusiasts, auto-rickshaw unions, candle-light vigilantes, actors and corporate big shots and students? That they all feel let down, in different ways, by the political apparatus, and they are mad as hell (2011). -
Reaching for the Stars: the Incredible Rise of Arvind Kejriwal Vidya Subrahmaniam Feb 25, 2015
Reaching for the Stars: The Incredible Rise of Arvind Kejriwal Vidya Subrahmaniam Feb 25, 2015 Arvind Kejriwal, Chief Minister of Delhi. - FILE PHOTO: SHANKER CHAKRAVARTY Five years ago, Arvind Kejriwal was far from being the man of the masses he is today. The Hindu Centre's Senior Fellow Vidya Subrahmaniam, who as a correspondent with The Hindu followed Kejriwal's public life between 2006 and 2014, traces his rise from activism to political stardom. In the immediate afterglow of the Assembly election, everyone seemed to be smiling in Delhi. A friend out on his morning walk found strangers congratulating him on the Aam Aadmi Party’s (AAP’s) superhero-sized victory. He returned the compliment, aware that like him, they were ordinary citizens basking in the reflected glory of Arvind Kejriwal’s brilliantly executed electoral coup. As results poured in, television anchors, across channels, briefly forgot to be officious. The incorrigibly rude Arnab Goswami attempted poetry and watched bemusedly as the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) spokesperson and his counterpart in the AAP warred and sparred in shayari (Urdu poetry). Visuals suggested a carnival-like mood on the streets. Delhi did not erupt in such sheer joy even when the BJP’s Narendra Modi broke a 30-year jinx to win a majority in the 2014 Lok Sabha election. The emotional, spontaneous response was reminiscent of 1977, when the all-new Janata Party unseated Indira Gandhi after the Emergency. The AAP’s victory was the sweeter for having come in the most exacting circumstances. Kejriwal had ceased to be Kejriwal since quitting as Delhi’s Chief Minister in February 2014 — after only 49 days in office. -
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